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1. Beyond Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein and Aquaporin-4 Antibodies: Alternative Causes of Optic Neuritis

Author

Giacomo Greco, Elena Colombo, Matteo Gastaldi, Lara Ahmad, Eleonora Tavazzi, Roberto Bergamaschi, and Eleonora Rigoni

Subjects
neuro-ophthalmology, optic neuritis, visual loss, AQP4, MOG, GFAP, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Optic neuritis (ON) is the most common cause of vision loss in young adults. It manifests as acute or subacute vision loss, often accompanied by retrobulbar discomfort or pain during eye movements. Typical ON is associated with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and is generally mild and steroid-responsive. Atypical forms are characterized by unusual features, such as prominent optic disc edema, poor treatment response, and bilateral involvement, and they are often associated with autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4) or Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG). However, in some cases, AQP4 and MOG antibodies will return as negative, plunging the clinician into a diagnostic conundrum. AQP4- and MOG-seronegative ON warrants a broad differential diagnosis, including autoantibody-associated, granulomatous, and systemic disorders. These rare forms need to be identified promptly, as their management and prognosis are greatly different. The aim of this review is to describe the possible rarer etiologies of non-MS-related and AQP4- and MOG-IgG-seronegative inflammatory ON and discuss their diagnoses and treatments.

Published
2023
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2. The Potential Role of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccines in Multiple Sclerosis Onset and Reactivation: A Case Series and Literature Review

Author

Eleonora Tavazzi, Anna Pichiecchio, Elena Colombo, Eleonora Rigoni, Carlo Asteggiano, Elisa Vegezzi, Francesco Masi, Giacomo Greco, Stefano Bastianello, and Roberto Bergamaschi

Subjects
multiple sclerosis, myelitis, CNS dysimmune disorders, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, vaccines, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and related vaccines have raised several issues. Among them, the potential role of the viral infection (COVID-19) or anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as causal factors of dysimmune CNS disorders, as well as the safety and efficacy of vaccines in patients affected by such diseases and on immune-active treatments have been analyzed. The aim is to better understand the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection/vaccines with dysimmune CNS diseases by describing 12 cases of multiple sclerosis/myelitis onset or reactivation after exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection/vaccines and reviewing all published case reports or case series in which MS onset or reactivation was temporally associated with either COVID-19 (8 case reports, 3 case series) or anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (13 case reports, 6 case series). All the cases share a temporal association between viral/vaccine exposure and symptoms onset. This finding, together with direct or immune-based mechanisms described both during COVID-19 and MS, claims in favor of a role for SARS-CoV-2 infection/vaccines in unmasking dysimmune CNS disorders. The most common clinical presentations involve the optic nerve, brainstem and spinal cord. The preferential tropism of the virus together with the presence of some host-related genetic/immune factors might predispose to the involvement of specific CNS districts.

Published
2023
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3. The impact of PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 on Covid-19 severity in a sample of patients with multiple sclerosis: A case-control study

Author

Gianmarco, Abbadessa, Umberto, Aguglia, Lia, Allegorico, Maria, Allegri Rossi Beatrice, Anastasia, Alteno, Pia, Amato Maria, Pietro, Annovazzi, Carlo, Antozzi, Lucia, Appendino, Sebastiano, Arena, Viola, Baione, Roberto, Balgera, Valeria, Barcella, Damiano, Baroncini, Caterina, Barrilà, Mario A, Battaglia, Alessandra, Bellacosa, Gianmarco, Bellucci, Roberto, Bergamaschi, Valeria, Bergamaschi, Daiana, Bezzini, Beatrice, Biolzi, Alvino, Bisecco, Simona, Bonavita, Giovanna, Borriello, Chiara, Bosa, Antonio, Bosco, Francesca, Bovis, Marco, Bozzali, Laura, Brambilla, Vincenzo, Brescia Morra, Giampaolo, Brichetto, Maria, Buccafusca, Elisabetta, Bucciantini, Sebastiano, Bucello, Chiara, Buscarinu Maria, Paola, Cabboi Maria, Massimiliano, Calabrese, Francesca, Calabria, Francesca, Caleri, Federico, Camilli, Maria, Caniatti Luisa, Roberto, Cantello, Marco, Capobianco, Ruggero, Capra, Rocco, Capuano, Luca, Carmisciano, Patrizia, Carta, Paola, Cavalla, Grazia, Celani Maria, Maria, Cellerino, Raffaella, Cerqua, Clara, Chisari, Raffaella, Clerici, Marinella, Clerico, Eleonora, Cocco, Gaia, Cola, Giancarlo, Comi, Paolo, Confalonieri, Antonella, Conte, Zaffira, Conti Marta, Christian, Cordano, Susanna, Cordera, Cinzia, Cordioli, Francesco, Corea, Claudio, Correale, Salvatore, Cottone, Francesco, Crescenzo, Erica, Curti, Alessandro, d'Ambrosio, Emanuele, D'Amico, Chiara, Danni Maura, Alessia, d'Arma, Vincenzo, Dattola, Stefano, de Biase, Giovanna, De Luca, Federica, De Mercanti Stefania, Paolo, De Mitri, Nicola, De Rossi, Nicola, De Stefano, Maria, Della Cava Fabio, Marco, Della Cava, Sonia, Di Lemme, Mario, di Napoli, Alessia, Di Sapio, Renato, Docimo, Anna, Dutto, Luana, Evangelista, Salvatore, Fanara, Roberta, Fantozzi, Diana, Ferraro, Teresa, Ferrò Maria, Massimo, Filippi, Cristina, Fioretti, Mario, Fratta, Jessica, Frau, Marzia, Fronza, Roberto, Furlan, Alberto, Gajofatto, Antonio, Gallo, Paolo, Gallo, Claudio, Gasperini, Anna, Ghazaryan, Bruno, Giometto, Francesca, Gobbin, Flora, Govone, Franco, Granella, Erica, Grange, Grazia, Grasso Maria, Luigi ME, Grimaldi, Angelica, Guareschi, Clara, Guaschino, Simone, Guerrieri, Donata, Guidetti, Barbara, Juergenson Ina, Pietro, Iaffaldano, Antonio, Ianniello, Luigi, Iasevoli, Paolo, Immovilli, Daniele, Imperiale, Teresa, Infante Maria, Matilde, Inglese, Rosa, Iodice, Aniello, Iovino, Giovanna, Konrad, Doriana, Landi, Roberta, Lanzillo, Caterina, Lapucci, Luigi, Lavorgna, Rita, L'Episcopo Maria, Serena, Leva, Giuseppe, Liberatore, Marianna, Lo Re, Marco, Longoni, Leonardo, Lopiano, Lorena, Lorefice, Matteo, Lucchini, Giacomo, Lus, Davide, Maimone, Maria, Malentacchi, Giulia, Mallucci, Simona, Malucchi, Rosa, Mancinelli Chiara, Luca, Mancinelli, Paolo, Manganotti, Teresa, Maniscalco Giorgia, Vittorio, Mantero, Sabrina, Marangoni, Damiano, Marastoni, Alessandra, Marfia Girolama, Fabiana, Marinelli, Alessandro, Marti, Filippo, Martinelli Boneschi, Federco, Masserano Zoli, Francesca, Matta, Laura, Mendozzi, Giuseppe, Meucci, Silvia, Miante, Giuseppina, Miele, Eva, Milano, Massimiliano, Mirabella, Rosanna, Missione, Marcello, Moccia, Lucia, Moiola, Sara, Montepietra, Margherita, MontiBragadin, Federico, Montini, Roberta, Motta, Raffaele, Nardone, Gabri, Nicoletti Carolina, Eduardo, Nobile-Orazio, Agostino, Nozzolillo, Marco, Onofrj, Riccardo, Orlandi, Anna, Palmieri, Damiano, Paolicelli, Livia, Pasquali, Fulvio, Pasquin, Luisa, Pastò, Francesco, Patti, Elisabetta, Pedrazzoli, Paola, Perini, Ilaria, Pesci, Maria, Petracca, Alfredo, Petrone, Carlo, Piantadosi, Anna M, Pietroboni, Federica, Pinardi, Marta, Ponzano, Emilio, Portaccio, Mattia, Pozzato, Carlo, Pozzilli, Luca, Prosperini, Alessandra, Protti, Eugenio, Pucci, Marta, Radaelli, Paolo, Ragonese, Sarah, Rasia, Sabrina, Realmuto, Anna, Repice, Eleonora, Rigoni, Teresa, Rilla Maria, Francesca, Rinaldi, Marcello, Romano Calogero, Marco, Ronzoni, Marco, Rovaris, Francesca, Ruscica, Loredana, Sabattini, Giuseppe, Salemi, Marco, Salvetti, Lorenzo, Saraceno, Alessia, Sartori, Arianna, Sartori, Elvira, Sbragia, Cinzia, Scandellari, Ilaria, Scarano Giuditta, Valentina, Scarano, Irene, Schiavetti, Maria, Sessa, Caterina, Sgarito, Grazia, Sibilia, Gabriele, Siciliano, Alessio, Signori, Elisabetta, Signoriello, Leonardo, Sinisi, Francesca, Sireci, Patrizia, Sola, Claudio, Solaro, Pia, Sormani Maria, Stefano, Sotgiu, Maddalena, Sparaco, Laura, Stromillo Maria, Silvia, Strumia, Laura, Susani Emanuela, Giulietta, Tabiadon, Francesco, Teatini, Gioacchino, Tedeschi, Valentina, Tomassini, Simone, Tonietti, Valentina, Torri Clerici, Carla, Tortorella, Simona, Toscano, Rocco, Totaro, Maria, Trojano, Maria, Trotta, Gabriella, Turano, Monica, Ulivelli, Manzo, Valentino, Giovanna, Vaula, Domizia, Vecchio, Marco, Vercellino, Pinuccia, Verrengia Elena, Marika, Vianello, Eleonora, Virgilio, Francesca, Vitetta, Stefano, Vollaro, Mauro, Zaffaroni, Mauro, Zampolini, Roberto, Zarbo Ignazio, Antonio, Zito, Luigi, Zuliani, Ponzano, Marta, Schiavetti, Irene, Bergamaschi, Roberto, Pisoni, Enrico, Bellavia, Andrea, Mallucci, Giulia, Carmisciano, Luca, Inglese, Matilde, Cordioli, Cinzia, Marfia, Girolama Alessandra, Cocco, Eleonora, Immovilli, Paolo, Pesci, Ilaria, Scandellari, Cinzia, Cavalla, Paola, Radaelli, Marta, Vianello, Marika, Vitetta, Francesca, Montepietra, Sara, Amato, Maria Pia, Fioretti, Cristina, Filippi, Massimo, Sartori, Arianna, Caleri, Francesca, Clerico, Marinella, Gallo, Antonio, Conte, Antonella, Clerici, Raffaella, De Luca, Giovanna, Boneschi, Filippo Martinelli, Cantello, Roberto, Calabrese, Massimiliano, Tortorella, Carla, Rovaris, Marco, Verrengia, Elena Pinuccia, Patti, Francesco, Morra, Vincenzo Brescia, Salvetti, Marco, and Sormani, Maria Pia

Published
2022
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4. The effect of air pollution on COVID‐19 severity in a sample of patients with multiple sclerosis

Author

Bergamaschi, Roberto, Ponzano, Marta, Schiavetti, Irene, Carmisciano, Luca, Cordioli, Cinzia, Filippi, Massimo, Radaelli, Marta, Immovilli, Paolo, Capobianco, Marco, De Rossi, Nicola, Brichetto, Giampaolo, Cocco, Eleonora, Scandellari, Cinzia, Cavalla, Paola, Pesci, Ilaria, Zito, Antonio, Confalonieri, Paolo, Marfia, Girolama Alessandra, Perini, Paola, Inglese, Matilde, Trojano, Maria, Brescia Morra, Vincenzo, Pisoni, Enrico, Tedeschi, Gioacchino, Comi, Giancarlo, Battaglia, Mario Alberto, Patti, Francesco, Salvetti, Marco, Sormani, Maria Pia, Gianmarco Abbadessa, Umberto Aguglia, Lia Allegorico, Rossi Beatrice Maria Allegri, Anastasia Alteno, Maria Pia Amato, Pietro Annovazzi, Carlo Antozzi, Lucia Appendino, Sebastiano Arena, Viola Baione, Roberto Balgera, Valeria Barcella, Damiano Baroncini, Caterina Barrilà, Mario A Battaglia, Alessandra Bellacosa, Gianmarco Bellucci, Roberto Bergamaschi, Valeria Bergamaschi, Daiana Bezzini, Beatrice Biolzi, Alvino Bisecco, Simona Bonavita, Giovanna Borriello, Chiara Bosa, Antonio Bosco, Francesca Bovis, Marco Bozzali, Laura Brambilla, Morra Vincenzo Brescia, Giampaolo Brichetto, Maria Buccafusca, Elisabetta Bucciantini, Sebastiano Bucello, Maria Chiara Buscarinu, Maria Paola Cabboi, Massimiliano Calabrese, Francesca Calabria, Francesca Caleri, Federico Camilli, Luisa Maria Caniatti, Roberto Cantello, Marco Capobianco, Ruggero Capra, Rocco Capuano, Luca Carmisciano, Patrizia Carta, Paola Cavalla, Maria Grazia Celani, Maria Cellerino, Raffaella Cerqua, Clara Chisari, Raffaella Clerici, Marinella Clerico, Eleonora Cocco, Gaia Cola, Giancarlo Comi, Paolo Confalonieri, Antonella Conte, Marta Zaffira Conti, Christian Cordano, Susanna Cordera, Cinzia Cordioli, Francesco Corea, Claudio Correale, Salvatore Cottone, Francesco Crescenzo, Erica Curti, Alessandro d'Ambrosio, Emanuele D'Amico, Maura Chiara Danni, Alessia d'Arma, Vincenzo Dattola, Stefano de Biase, Giovanna De Luca, Stefania Federica De Mercanti, Paolo De Mitri, Nicola De Rossi, Nicola De Stefano, Cava Marco Della, Mario di Napoli, Alessia Di Sapio, Renato Docimo, Anna Dutto, Luana Evangelista, Salvatore Fanara, Diana Ferraro, Maria Teresa Ferrò, Massimo Filippi, Cristina Fioretti, Mario Fratta, Jessica Frau, Marzia Fronza, Roberto Furlan, Alberto Gajofatto, Antonio Gallo, Paolo Gallo, Claudio Gasperini, Anna Ghazaryan, Bruno Giometto, Francesca Gobbin, Flora Govone, Franco Granella, Erica Grange, Maria Grazia Grasso, Angelica Guareschi, Clara Guaschino, Simone Guerrieri, Donata Guidetti, Pietro Iaffaldano, Antonio Ianniello, Luigi Iasevoli, Paolo Immovilli, Daniele Imperiale, Maria Teresa Infante, Matilde Inglese, Rosa Iodice, Aniello Iovino, Giovanna Konrad, Doriana Landi, Roberta Lanzillo, Caterina Lapucci, Luigi Lavorgna, Maria Rita L'Episcopo, Serena Leva, Giuseppe Liberatore, Re Marianna Lo, Marco Longoni, Leonardo Lopiano, Lorena Lorefice, Matteo Lucchini, Giacomo Lus, Davide Maimone, Maria Malentacchi, Giulia Mallucci, Simona Malucchi, Chiara Rosa Mancinelli, Luca Mancinelli, Paolo Manganotti, Giorgia Teresa Maniscalco, Vittorio Mantero, Sabrina Marangoni, Damiano Marastoni, Girolama Alessandra Marfia, Fabiana Marinelli, Alessandro Marti, Boneschi Filippo Martinelli, Zoli Federco Masserano, Francesca Matta, Laura Mendozzi, Giuseppe Meucci, Silvia Miante, Giuseppina Miele, Eva Milano, Massimiliano Mirabella, Rosanna Missione, Marcello Moccia, Lucia Moiola, Sara Montepietra, Margherita MontiBragadin, Federico Montini, Roberta Motta, Raffaele Nardone, Carolina Gabri Nicoletti, Eduardo Nobile-Orazio, Agostino Nozzolillo, Marco Onofrj, Riccardo Orlandi, Anna Palmieri, Damiano Paolicelli, Livia Pasquali, Luisa Pastò, Francesco Patti, Elisabetta Pedrazzoli, Paola Perini, Ilaria Pesci, Maria Petracca, Alfredo Petrone, Carlo Piantadosi, Anna M Pietroboni, Federica Pinardi, Marta Ponzano, Emilio Portaccio, Mattia Pozzato, Carlo Pozzilli, Luca Prosperini, Alessandra Protti, Marta Radaelli, Paolo Ragonese, Sarah Rasia, Sabrina Realmuto, Anna Repice, Eleonora Rigoni, Maria Teresa Rilla, Francesca Rinaldi, Calogero Marcello Romano, Marco Ronzoni, Marco Rovaris, Francesca Ruscica, Loredana Sabattini, Giuseppe Salemi, Marco Salvetti, Lorenzo Saraceno, Alessia Sartori, Arianna Sartori, Elvira Sbragia, Cinzia Scandellari, Giuditta Ilaria Scarano, Valentina Scarano, Irene Schiavetti, Maria Sessa, Caterina Sgarito, Grazia Sibilia, Gabriele Siciliano, Alessio Signori, Elisabetta Signoriello, Leonardo Sinisi, Francesca Sireci, Patrizia Sola, Claudio Solaro, Maria Pia Sormani, Stefano Sotgiu, Maddalena Sparaco, Maria Laura Stromillo, Silvia Strumia, Emanuela Laura Susani, Giulietta Tabiadon, Francesco Teatini, Gioacchino Tedeschi, Valentina Tomassini, Simone Tonietti, Clerici Valentina Torri, Carla Tortorella, Simona Toscano, Rocco Totaro, Maria Trojano, Maria Trotta, Gabriella Turano, Monica Ulivelli, Manzo Valentino, Giovanna Vaula, Domizia Vecchio, Marco Vercellino, Elena Pinuccia Verrengia, Marika Vianello, Eleonora Virgilio, Francesca Vitetta, Stefano Vollaro, Mauro Zaffaroni, Mauro Zampolini, Ignazio Roberto Zarbo, Antonio Zito, Luigi Zuliani, Bergamaschi, R, Ponzano, M, Schiavetti, I, Carmisciano, L, Cordioli, C, Filippi, M, Radaelli, M, Immovilli, P, Capobianco, M, De Rossi, N, Brichetto, G, Cocco, E, Scandellari, C, Cavalla, P, Pesci, I, Zito, A, Confalonieri, P, Marfia, Ga, Perini, P, Inglese, M, Trojano, M, Brescia Morra, V, Pisoni, E, Tedeschi, G, Comi, G, Battaglia, Ma, Patti, F, Salvetti, M, Sormani, Mp, Abbadessa, Gianmarco, Umberto, Aguglia, Lia, Allegorico, Rossi Beatrice Maria Allegri, Anastasia, Alteno, Maria Pia Amato, Pietro, Annovazzi, Carlo, Antozzi, Lucia, Appendino, Sebastiano, Arena, Viola, Baione, Roberto, Balgera, Valeria, Barcella, Damiano, Baroncini, Caterina, Barrilà, Mario, A Battaglia, Alessandra, Bellacosa, Gianmarco, Bellucci, Roberto, Bergamaschi, Valeria, Bergamaschi, Daiana, Bezzini, Beatrice, Biolzi, Bisecco, Alvino, Bonavita, Simona, Giovanna, Borriello, Chiara, Bosa, Bosco, Antonio, Francesca, Bovi, Marco, Bozzali, Laura, Brambilla, Morra Vincenzo Brescia, Giampaolo, Brichetto, Maria, Buccafusca, Elisabetta, Bucciantini, Sebastiano, Bucello, Maria Chiara Buscarinu, Maria Paola Cabboi, Massimiliano, Calabrese, Francesca, Calabria, Francesca, Caleri, Federico, Camilli, Luisa Maria Caniatti, Roberto, Cantello, Marco, Capobianco, Ruggero, Capra, Capuano, Rocco, Luca, Carmisciano, Patrizia, Carta, Paola, Cavalla, Maria Grazia Celani, Maria, Cellerino, Raffaella, Cerqua, Clara, Chisari, Raffaella, Clerici, Marinella, Clerico, Eleonora, Cocco, Gaia, Cola, Giancarlo, Comi, Paolo, Confalonieri, Antonella, Conte, Marta Zaffira Conti, Christian, Cordano, Susanna, Cordera, Cinzia, Cordioli, Corea, Francesco, Claudio, Correale, Salvatore, Cottone, Francesco, Crescenzo, Erica, Curti, Alessandro, D'Ambrosio, Emanuele, D'Amico, Maura Chiara Danni, Alessia, D'Arma, Vincenzo, Dattola, Stefano de Biase, Giovanna De Luca, Stefania Federica De Mercanti, Paolo De Mitri, Nicola De Rossi, Nicola De Stefano, Cava Marco Della, Mario di Napoli, Alessia Di Sapio, Docimo, Renato, Anna, Dutto, Luana, Evangelista, Salvatore, Fanara, Diana, Ferraro, Maria Teresa Ferrò, Massimo, Filippi, Cristina, Fioretti, Fratta, Mario, Jessica, Frau, Marzia, Fronza, Roberto, Furlan, Alberto, Gajofatto, Gallo, Antonio, Paolo, Gallo, Claudio, Gasperini, Anna, Ghazaryan, Bruno, Giometto, Francesca, Gobbin, Flora, Govone, Franco, Granella, Erica, Grange, Maria Grazia Grasso, Angelica, Guareschi, Clara, Guaschino, Simone, Guerrieri, Donata, Guidetti, Pietro, Iaffaldano, Antonio, Ianniello, Luigi, Iasevoli, Paolo, Immovilli, Daniele, Imperiale, Maria Teresa Infante, Matilde, Inglese, Rosa, Iodice, Aniello, Iovino, Giovanna, Konrad, Doriana, Landi, Roberta, Lanzillo, Caterina, Lapucci, Luigi, Lavorgna, Maria Rita L'Episcopo, Serena, Leva, Giuseppe, Liberatore, Re Marianna Lo, Marco, Longoni, Leonardo, Lopiano, Lorena, Lorefice, Matteo, Lucchini, Lus, Giacomo, Davide, Maimone, Maria, Malentacchi, Giulia, Mallucci, Simona, Malucchi, Chiara Rosa Mancinelli, Luca, Mancinelli, Paolo, Manganotti, Giorgia Teresa Maniscalco, Vittorio, Mantero, Sabrina, Marangoni, Damiano, Marastoni, Girolama Alessandra Marfia, Fabiana, Marinelli, Alessandro, Marti, Boneschi Filippo Martinelli, Zoli Federco Masserano, Francesca, Matta, Laura, Mendozzi, Giuseppe, Meucci, Silvia, Miante, Miele, Giuseppina, Eva, Milano, Massimiliano, Mirabella, Missione, Rosanna, Marcello, Moccia, Lucia, Moiola, Sara, Montepietra, Margherita, Montibragadin, Federico, Montini, Roberta, Motta, Raffaele, Nardone, Carolina Gabri Nicoletti, Eduardo, Nobile-Orazio, Agostino, Nozzolillo, Marco, Onofrj, Riccardo, Orlandi, Palmieri, Anna, Damiano, Paolicelli, Livia, Pasquali, Luisa, Pastò, Francesco, Patti, Elisabetta, Pedrazzoli, Paola, Perini, Ilaria, Pesci, Maria, Petracca, Alfredo, Petrone, Carlo, Piantadosi, Anna, M Pietroboni, Federica, Pinardi, Marta, Ponzano, Emilio, Portaccio, Mattia, Pozzato, Carlo, Pozzilli, Luca, Prosperini, Alessandra, Protti, Marta, Radaelli, Paolo, Ragonese, Sarah, Rasia, Sabrina, Realmuto, Anna, Repice, Eleonora, Rigoni, Maria Teresa Rilla, Francesca, Rinaldi, Calogero Marcello Romano, Marco, Ronzoni, Marco, Rovari, Francesca, Ruscica, Loredana, Sabattini, Giuseppe, Salemi, Marco, Salvetti, Lorenzo, Saraceno, Alessia, Sartori, Arianna, Sartori, Elvira, Sbragia, Cinzia, Scandellari, Giuditta Ilaria Scarano, Valentina, Scarano, Irene, Schiavetti, Maria, Sessa, Caterina, Sgarito, Grazia, Sibilia, Gabriele, Siciliano, Alessio, Signori, Signoriello, Elisabetta, Leonardo, Sinisi, Francesca, Sireci, Patrizia, Sola, Claudio, Solaro, Maria Pia Sormani, Stefano, Sotgiu, Sparaco, Maddalena, Maria Laura Stromillo, Silvia, Strumia, Emanuela Laura Susani, Giulietta, Tabiadon, Francesco, Teatini, Tedeschi, Gioacchino, Valentina, Tomassini, Simone, Tonietti, Clerici Valentina Torri, Carla, Tortorella, Simona, Toscano, Rocco, Totaro, Maria, Trojano, Trotta, Maria Consiglia, Gabriella, Turano, Monica, Ulivelli, Manzo, Valentino, Giovanna, Vaula, Domizia, Vecchio, Marco, Vercellino, Elena Pinuccia Verrengia, Marika, Vianello, Eleonora, Virgilio, Francesca, Vitetta, Stefano, Vollaro, Mauro, Zaffaroni, Mauro, Zampolini, Ignazio Roberto Zarbo, Zito, Guido Antonio, Bergamaschi, R., Ponzano, M., Schiavetti, I., Carmisciano, L., Cordioli, C., Filippi, M., Radaelli, M., Immovilli, P., Capobianco, M., De Rossi, N., Brichetto, G., Cocco, E., Scandellari, C., Cavalla, P., Pesci, I., Zito, A., Confalonieri, P., Marfia, G. A., Perini, P., Inglese, M., Trojano, M., Brescia Morra, V., Pisoni, E., Tedeschi, G., Comi, G., Battaglia, M. A., Patti, F., Salvetti, M., Sormani, M. P., Bergamaschi, Roberto, Ponzano, Marta, Schiavetti, Irene, Carmisciano, Luca, Cordioli, Cinzia, Filippi, Massimo, Radaelli, Marta, Immovilli, Paolo, Capobianco, Marco, De Rossi, Nicola, Brichetto, Giampaolo, Cocco, Eleonora, Scandellari, Cinzia, Cavalla, Paola, Pesci, Ilaria, Zito, Antonio, Confalonieri, Paolo, Marfia, Girolama Alessandra, Perini, Paola, Inglese, Matilde, Trojano, Maria, Brescia Morra, Vincenzo, Pisoni, Enrico, Comi, Giancarlo, Battaglia, Mario Alberto, Patti, Francesco, Salvetti, Marco, Sormani, Maria, Pia, Gianmarco, Abbadessa, Alvino, Bisecco, Simona, Bonavita, Antonio, Bosco, Rocco, Capuano, Francesco, Corea, Renato, Docimo, Mario, Fratta, Antonio, Gallo, Iodice, Rosa, Iovino, Aniello, Lanzillo, Roberta, Giacomo, Lu, Giuseppina, Miele, Rosanna, Missione, Moccia, Marcello, Anna, Palmieri, Elisabetta, Signoriello, Maddalena, Sparaco, Gioacchino, Tedeschi, Maria, Trotta, Antonio, Zito, and Luigi, Zuliani

Subjects
air pollution, coronavirus, multiple sclerosis, medicine.medical_specialty, Multivariate analysis, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Clinical Sciences, Air pollution, Sample (statistics), Neurodegenerative, Settore MED/26, medicine.disease_cause, Autoimmune Disease, law.invention, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Clinical Research, law, Humans, Medicine, Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions, Neurology & Neurosurgery, MuSC-19 study group, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Neurosciences, COVID-19, Retrospective cohort study, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, Particulate Matter, Air Pollution, Multiple Sclerosis, Brain Disorders, coronaviru, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Good Health and Well Being, Neurology, multiple sclerosi, Emergency medicine, Original Article, Neurology (clinical), Ordered logit, business, Human
Abstract

Background and purpose Some studies have shown that air pollution, often assessed by thin particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 µg/m3 (PM2.5), may contribute to severe COVID‐19 courses, as well as play a role in the onset and evolution of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the impact of air pollution on COVID‐19 has never been explored specifically amongst patients with MS (PwMS). This retrospective observational study aims to explore associations between PM2.5 and COVID‐19 severity amongst PwMS. Methods Data were retrieved from an Italian web‐based platform (MuSC‐19) which includes PwMS with COVID‐19. PM2.5 2016–2018 average concentrations were provided by the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service. Italian patients inserted in the platform from 15 January 2020 to 9 April 2021 with a COVID‐19 positive test were included. Ordered logistic regression models were used to study associations between PM2.5 and COVID‐19 severity. Results In all, 1087 patients, of whom 13% required hospitalization and 2% were admitted to an intensive care unit or died, were included. Based on the multivariate analysis, higher concentrations of PM2.5 increased the risk of worse COVID‐19 course (odds ratio 1.90; p = 0.009). Conclusions Even if several other factors explain the unfavourable course of COVID‐19 in PwMS, the role of air pollutants must be considered and further investigated., Air pollution, often assessed by particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 µg/m3, may contribute to severe COVID‐19 courses. 1087 patients were included, of whom 13% required hospitalization and 2% were admitted to an intensive care unit or died. Even if several other factors explain the unfavourable course of COVID‐19 in patients with multiple sclerosis, the role of air pollutants must be considered and further investigated.

Published
2021

5. The impact of PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 on Covid-19 severity in a sample of patients with multiple sclerosis: A case-control study

Author

Ponzano, Marta, primary, Schiavetti, Irene, additional, Bergamaschi, Roberto, additional, Pisoni, Enrico, additional, Bellavia, Andrea, additional, Mallucci, Giulia, additional, Carmisciano, Luca, additional, Inglese, Matilde, additional, Cordioli, Cinzia, additional, Marfia, Girolama Alessandra, additional, Cocco, Eleonora, additional, Immovilli, Paolo, additional, Pesci, Ilaria, additional, Scandellari, Cinzia, additional, Cavalla, Paola, additional, Radaelli, Marta, additional, Vianello, Marika, additional, Vitetta, Francesca, additional, Montepietra, Sara, additional, Amato, Maria Pia, additional, Fioretti, Cristina, additional, Filippi, Massimo, additional, Sartori, Arianna, additional, Caleri, Francesca, additional, Clerico, Marinella, additional, Gallo, Antonio, additional, Conte, Antonella, additional, Clerici, Raffaella, additional, De Luca, Giovanna, additional, Boneschi, Filippo Martinelli, additional, Cantello, Roberto, additional, Calabrese, Massimiliano, additional, Tortorella, Carla, additional, Rovaris, Marco, additional, Verrengia, Elena Pinuccia, additional, Patti, Francesco, additional, Morra, Vincenzo Brescia, additional, Salvetti, Marco, additional, Sormani, Maria Pia, additional, Gianmarco, Abbadessa, additional, Umberto, Aguglia, additional, Lia, Allegorico, additional, Maria, Allegri Rossi Beatrice, additional, Anastasia, Alteno, additional, Pia, Amato Maria, additional, Pietro, Annovazzi, additional, Carlo, Antozzi, additional, Lucia, Appendino, additional, Sebastiano, Arena, additional, Viola, Baione, additional, Roberto, Balgera, additional, Valeria, Barcella, additional, Damiano, Baroncini, additional, Caterina, Barrilà, additional, Mario A, Battaglia, additional, Alessandra, Bellacosa, additional, Gianmarco, Bellucci, additional, Roberto, Bergamaschi, additional, Valeria, Bergamaschi, additional, Daiana, Bezzini, additional, Beatrice, Biolzi, additional, Alvino, Bisecco, additional, Simona, Bonavita, additional, Giovanna, Borriello, additional, Chiara, Bosa, additional, Antonio, Bosco, additional, Francesca, Bovis, additional, Marco, Bozzali, additional, Laura, Brambilla, additional, Vincenzo, Brescia Morra, additional, Giampaolo, Brichetto, additional, Maria, Buccafusca, additional, Elisabetta, Bucciantini, additional, Sebastiano, Bucello, additional, Chiara, Buscarinu Maria, additional, Paola, Cabboi Maria, additional, Massimiliano, Calabrese, additional, Francesca, Calabria, additional, Francesca, Caleri, additional, Federico, Camilli, additional, Maria, Caniatti Luisa, additional, Roberto, Cantello, additional, Marco, Capobianco, additional, Ruggero, Capra, additional, Rocco, Capuano, additional, Luca, Carmisciano, additional, Patrizia, Carta, additional, Paola, Cavalla, additional, Grazia, Celani Maria, additional, Maria, Cellerino, additional, Raffaella, Cerqua, additional, Clara, Chisari, additional, Raffaella, Clerici, additional, Marinella, Clerico, additional, Eleonora, Cocco, additional, Gaia, Cola, additional, Giancarlo, Comi, additional, Paolo, Confalonieri, additional, Antonella, Conte, additional, Zaffira, Conti Marta, additional, Christian, Cordano, additional, Susanna, Cordera, additional, Cinzia, Cordioli, additional, Francesco, Corea, additional, Claudio, Correale, additional, Salvatore, Cottone, additional, Francesco, Crescenzo, additional, Erica, Curti, additional, Alessandro, d'Ambrosio, additional, Emanuele, D'Amico, additional, Chiara, Danni Maura, additional, Alessia, d'Arma, additional, Vincenzo, Dattola, additional, Stefano, de Biase, additional, Giovanna, De Luca, additional, Federica, De Mercanti Stefania, additional, Paolo, De Mitri, additional, Nicola, De Rossi, additional, Nicola, De Stefano, additional, Maria, Della Cava Fabio, additional, Marco, Della Cava, additional, Sonia, Di Lemme, additional, Mario, di Napoli, additional, Alessia, Di Sapio, additional, Renato, Docimo, additional, Anna, Dutto, additional, Luana, Evangelista, additional, Salvatore, Fanara, additional, Roberta, Fantozzi, additional, Diana, Ferraro, additional, Teresa, Ferrò Maria, additional, Massimo, Filippi, additional, Cristina, Fioretti, additional, Mario, Fratta, additional, Jessica, Frau, additional, Marzia, Fronza, additional, Roberto, Furlan, additional, Alberto, Gajofatto, additional, Antonio, Gallo, additional, Paolo, Gallo, additional, Claudio, Gasperini, additional, Anna, Ghazaryan, additional, Bruno, Giometto, additional, Francesca, Gobbin, additional, Flora, Govone, additional, Franco, Granella, additional, Erica, Grange, additional, Grazia, Grasso Maria, additional, Luigi ME, Grimaldi, additional, Angelica, Guareschi, additional, Clara, Guaschino, additional, Simone, Guerrieri, additional, Donata, Guidetti, additional, Barbara, Juergenson Ina, additional, Pietro, Iaffaldano, additional, Antonio, Ianniello, additional, Luigi, Iasevoli, additional, Paolo, Immovilli, additional, Daniele, Imperiale, additional, Teresa, Infante Maria, additional, Matilde, Inglese, additional, Rosa, Iodice, additional, Aniello, Iovino, additional, Giovanna, Konrad, additional, Doriana, Landi, additional, Roberta, Lanzillo, additional, Caterina, Lapucci, additional, Luigi, Lavorgna, additional, Rita, L'Episcopo Maria, additional, Serena, Leva, additional, Giuseppe, Liberatore, additional, Marianna, Lo Re, additional, Marco, Longoni, additional, Leonardo, Lopiano, additional, Lorena, Lorefice, additional, Matteo, Lucchini, additional, Giacomo, Lus, additional, Davide, Maimone, additional, Maria, Malentacchi, additional, Giulia, Mallucci, additional, Simona, Malucchi, additional, Rosa, Mancinelli Chiara, additional, Luca, Mancinelli, additional, Paolo, Manganotti, additional, Teresa, Maniscalco Giorgia, additional, Vittorio, Mantero, additional, Sabrina, Marangoni, additional, Damiano, Marastoni, additional, Alessandra, Marfia Girolama, additional, Fabiana, Marinelli, additional, Alessandro, Marti, additional, Filippo, Martinelli Boneschi, additional, Federco, Masserano Zoli, additional, Francesca, Matta, additional, Laura, Mendozzi, additional, Giuseppe, Meucci, additional, Silvia, Miante, additional, Giuseppina, Miele, additional, Eva, Milano, additional, Massimiliano, Mirabella, additional, Rosanna, Missione, additional, Marcello, Moccia, additional, Lucia, Moiola, additional, Sara, Montepietra, additional, Margherita, MontiBragadin, additional, Federico, Montini, additional, Roberta, Motta, additional, Raffaele, Nardone, additional, Gabri, Nicoletti Carolina, additional, Eduardo, Nobile-Orazio, additional, Agostino, Nozzolillo, additional, Marco, Onofrj, additional, Riccardo, Orlandi, additional, Anna, Palmieri, additional, Damiano, Paolicelli, additional, Livia, Pasquali, additional, Fulvio, Pasquin, additional, Luisa, Pastò, additional, Francesco, Patti, additional, Elisabetta, Pedrazzoli, additional, Paola, Perini, additional, Ilaria, Pesci, additional, Maria, Petracca, additional, Alfredo, Petrone, additional, Carlo, Piantadosi, additional, Anna M, Pietroboni, additional, Federica, Pinardi, additional, Marta, Ponzano, additional, Emilio, Portaccio, additional, Mattia, Pozzato, additional, Carlo, Pozzilli, additional, Luca, Prosperini, additional, Alessandra, Protti, additional, Eugenio, Pucci, additional, Marta, Radaelli, additional, Paolo, Ragonese, additional, Sarah, Rasia, additional, Sabrina, Realmuto, additional, Anna, Repice, additional, Eleonora, Rigoni, additional, Teresa, Rilla Maria, additional, Francesca, Rinaldi, additional, Marcello, Romano Calogero, additional, Marco, Ronzoni, additional, Marco, Rovaris, additional, Francesca, Ruscica, additional, Loredana, Sabattini, additional, Giuseppe, Salemi, additional, Marco, Salvetti, additional, Lorenzo, Saraceno, additional, Alessia, Sartori, additional, Arianna, Sartori, additional, Elvira, Sbragia, additional, Cinzia, Scandellari, additional, Ilaria, Scarano Giuditta, additional, Valentina, Scarano, additional, Irene, Schiavetti, additional, Maria, Sessa, additional, Caterina, Sgarito, additional, Grazia, Sibilia, additional, Gabriele, Siciliano, additional, Alessio, Signori, additional, Elisabetta, Signoriello, additional, Leonardo, Sinisi, additional, Francesca, Sireci, additional, Patrizia, Sola, additional, Claudio, Solaro, additional, Pia, Sormani Maria, additional, Stefano, Sotgiu, additional, Maddalena, Sparaco, additional, Laura, Stromillo Maria, additional, Silvia, Strumia, additional, Laura, Susani Emanuela, additional, Giulietta, Tabiadon, additional, Francesco, Teatini, additional, Gioacchino, Tedeschi, additional, Valentina, Tomassini, additional, Simone, Tonietti, additional, Valentina, Torri Clerici, additional, Carla, Tortorella, additional, Simona, Toscano, additional, Rocco, Totaro, additional, Maria, Trojano, additional, Maria, Trotta, additional, Gabriella, Turano, additional, Monica, Ulivelli, additional, Manzo, Valentino, additional, Giovanna, Vaula, additional, Domizia, Vecchio, additional, Marco, Vercellino, additional, Pinuccia, Verrengia Elena, additional, Marika, Vianello, additional, Eleonora, Virgilio, additional, Francesca, Vitetta, additional, Stefano, Vollaro, additional, Mauro, Zaffaroni, additional, Mauro, Zampolini, additional, Roberto, Zarbo Ignazio, additional, Antonio, Zito, additional, and Luigi, Zuliani, additional

Published
2022
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6. Prognostic relevance of quantitative and longitudinal MOG antibody testing in patients with MOGAD: a multicentre retrospective study

Author

Matteo, Gastaldi, Thomas, Foiadelli, Giacomo, Greco, Silvia, Scaranzin, Eleonora, Rigoni, Stefano, Masciocchi, Sergio, Ferrari, Chiara, Mancinelli, Laura, Brambilla, Margherita, Mancardi, Thea, Giacomini, Diana, Ferraro, Marida, Della Corte, Antonio, Gallo, Massimiliano, Di Filippo, Luana, Benedetti, Giovanni, Novi, Maurizio, Versino, Paola, Banfi, Raffaele, Iorio, Lucia, Moiola, Emanuela, Turco, Stefano, Sartori, Margherita, Nosadini, Martino, Ruggieri, Salvatore, Savasta, Elena, Colombo, Elena, Ballante, Sven, Jarius, Sara, Mariotto, Diego, Franciotta, and Enrico, Marchioni

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, MYELIN, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, MYELOPATHY
Abstract

BackgroundIgG antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG) define a subset of associated disorders (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disorders (MOGAD)) that can have a relapsing course. However, information on relapse predictors is scarce. The utility of retesting MOG-IgG over time and measuring their titres is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the clinical relevance of longitudinal MOG-IgG titre measurement to predict relapses in patients with MOGAD.MethodsIn this retrospective multicentre Italian cohort study, we recruited patients with MOGAD and available longitudinal samples (at least one >3 months after disease onset) and tested them with a live cell-based assay with endpoint titration (1:160 cut-off). Samples were classified as ‘attack’ (within 30 days since a disease attack (n=59, 17%)) and ‘remission’ (≥31 days after attack (n=295, 83%)).ResultsWe included 102 patients with MOGAD (57% adult and 43% paediatric) with a total of 354 samples (83% from remission and 17% from attack). Median titres were higher during attacks (1:1280 vs 1:640, p=0.001). Median onset titres did not correlate with attack-related disability, age or relapses. Remission titres were higher in relapsing patients (p=0.02). When considering the first remission sample available for each patient, titres >1:2560 were predictors of relapsing course in survival (log rank, pConclusionsPersistent MOG-IgG positivity and high remission titres are associated with an increased relapse risk. Longitudinal MOG-IgG titres could be useful to stratify patients to be treated with long term immunosuppression.

Published
2022

7. Primary central nervous system lymphoma mimicking autoimmune encephalitis: the role of autoantibody testing

Author

Matteo Gastaldi, Diego Franciotta, Patrizia Morbini, Paola Bini, Lisa Maria Farina, and Eleonora Rigoni

Subjects
Central Nervous System, Autoimmune encephalitis, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Lymphoma, business.industry, Autoantibody, Primary central nervous system lymphoma, Hashimoto Disease, Dermatology, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Immunology, medicine, Encephalitis, Humans, Neurology (clinical), Neurosurgery, business, Autoantibodies, Neuroradiology
Published
2020

8. SARS-CoV-2 serology after COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis: An international cohort study

Author

Maria Pia Sormani, Irene Schiavetti, Doriana Landi, Luca Carmisciano, Nicola De Rossi, Cinzia Cordioli, Lucia Moiola, Marta Radaelli, Paolo Immovilli, Marco Capobianco, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Maria Trojano, Gioacchino Tedeschi, Giancarlo Comi, Mario Alberto Battaglia, Francesco Patti, Yara Dadalti Fragoso, Sedat Sen, Aksel Siva, Roberto Furlan, Marco Salvetti, Gianmarco Abbadessa, Umberto Aguglia, Lia Allegorico, Rossi Beatrice Maria Allegri, Maria Pia Amato, Pietro Annovazzi, Carlo Antozzi, Lucia Appendino, Sebastiano Arena, Viola Baione, Roberto Balgera, Valeria Barcella, Damiano Baroncini, Caterina Barrilà, Mario A. Battaglia, Alessandra Bellacosa, Gianmarco Bellucci, Roberto Bergamaschi, Valeria Bergamaschi, Daiana Bezzini, Beatrice Biolzi, Alvino Bisecco, Simona Bonavita, Giovanna Borriello, Chiara Bosa, Antonio Bosco, Francesca Bovis, Marco Bozzali, Laura Brambilla, Morra Vincenzo Brescia, Giampaolo Brichetto, Maria Buccafusca, Elisabetta Bucciantini, Sebastiano Bucello, Maria Chiara Buscarinu, Maria Paola Cabboi, Massimiliano Calabrese, Francesca Calabria, Francesca Caleri, Federico Camilli, Luisa Maria Caniatti, Roberto Cantello, Ruggero Capra, Rocco Capuano, Patrizia Carta, Paola Cavalla, Maria Grazia Celani, Maria Cellerino, Raffaella Cerqua, Clara Chisari, Raffaella Clerici, Marinella Clerico, Eleonora Cocco, Gaia Cola, Paolo Confalonieri, Antonella Conte, Marta Zaffira Conti, Christian Cordano, Susanna Cordera, Francesco Corea, Claudio Correale, Salvatore Cottone, Francesco Crescenzo, Erica Curti, Alessandro d’Ambrosio, Emanuele D’Amico, Maura Chiara Danni, Alessia d’Arma, Vincenzo Dattola, Stefano de Biase, Giovanna De Luca, Stefania Federica De Mercanti, Paolo De Mitri, Nicola De Stefano, Marco Della Cava, Mario di Napoli, Alessia Di Sapio, Renato Docimo, Anna Dutto, Luana Evangelista, Salvatore Fanara, Diana Ferraro, Maria Teresa Ferrò, Massimo Filippi, Cristina Fioretti, Mario Fratta, Jessica Frau, Marzia Fronza, Alberto Gajofatto, Antonio Gallo, Paolo Gallo, Claudio Gasperini, Anna Ghazaryan, Bruno Giometto, Francesca Gobbin, Flora Govone, Franco Granella, Erica Grange, Maria Grazia Grasso, Angelica Guareschi, Clara Guaschino, Simone Guerrieri, Donata Guidetti, Pietro Iaffaldano, Antonio Ianniello, Luigi Iasevoli, Daniele Imperiale, Maria Teresa Infante, Matilde Inglese, Rosa Iodice, Aniello Iovino, Giovanna Konrad, Roberta Lanzillo, Caterina Lapucci, Luigi Lavorgna, Rita L’Episcopo Maria, Serena Leva, Giuseppe Liberatore, Marianna Lo Re, Marco Longoni, Leonardo Lopiano, Lorena Lorefice, Matteo Lucchini, Giacomo Lus, Davide Maimone, Maria Malentacchi, Giulia Mallucci, Simona Malucchi, Chiara Rosa Mancinelli, Luca Mancinelli, Paolo Manganotti, Teresa Giorgia Maniscalco, Vittorio Mantero, Sabrina Marangoni, Damiano Marastoni, Alessandra Girolama Marfia, Fabiana Marinelli, Alessandro Marti, Filippo Martinelli Boneschi, Federco Masserano Zoli, Francesca Matta, Laura Mendozzi, Giuseppe Meucci, Silvia Miante, Giuseppina Miele, Eva Milano, Massimiliano Mirabella, Rosanna Missione, Marcello Moccia, Sara Montepietra, Margherita Monti Bragadin, Federico Montini, Roberta Motta, Raffaele Nardone, Carolina Gabri Nicoletti, Eduardo Nobile-Orazio, Agostino Nozzolillo, Marco Onofrj, Riccardo Orlandi, Anna Palmieri, Damiano Paolicelli, Livia Pasquali, Luisa Pastò, Elisabetta Pedrazzoli, Paola Perini, Ilaria Pesci, Maria Petracca, Alfredo Petrone, Carlo Piantadosi, Anna M. Pietroboni, Federica Pinardi, Marta Ponzano, Emilio Portaccio, Mattia Pozzato, Carlo Pozzilli, Luca Prosperini, Alessandra Protti, Paolo Ragonese, Sarah Rasia, Sabrina Realmuto, Anna Repice, Eleonora Rigoni, Maria Teresa Rilla, Francesca Rinaldi, Calogero Marcello Romano, Marco Ronzoni, Marco Rovaris, Francesca Ruscica, Loredana Sabattini, Giuseppe Salemi, Lorenzo Saraceno, Alessia Sartori, Arianna Sartori, Elvira Sbragia, Cinzia Scandellari, Ilaria Scarano Giuditta, Valentina Scarano, Valentina Schillaci, Maria Sessa, Caterina Sgarito, Grazia Sibilia, Gabriele Siciliano, Alessio Signori, Elisabetta Signoriello, Leonardo Sinisi, Francesca Sireci, Patrizia Sola, Claudio Solaro, Stefano Sotgiu, Maddalena Sparaco, Maria Laura Stromillo, Silvia Strumia, Laura Emanuela Susani, Giulietta Tabiadon, Francesco Teatini, Valentina Tomassini, Simone Tonietti, Clerici Valentina Torri, Carla Tortorella, Simona Toscano, Rocco Totaro, Maria Trotta, Gabriella Turano, Monica Ulivelli, Manzo Valentino, Giovanna Vaula, Domizia Vecchio, Marco Vercellino, Elena Pinuccia Verrengia, Marika Vianello, Eleonora Virgilio, Francesca Vitetta, Stefano Vollaro, Mauro Zaffaroni, Mauro Zampolini, Ignazio Roberto Zarbo, Antonio Zito, Luigi Zuliani, Sormani, M. P., Schiavetti, I., Landi, D., Carmisciano, L., De Rossi, N., Cordioli, C., Moiola, L., Radaelli, M., Immovilli, P., Capobianco, M., Brescia Morra, V., Trojano, M., Tedeschi, G., Comi, G., Battaglia, M. A., Patti, F., Fragoso, Y. D., Sen, S., Siva, A., Furlan, R., Salvetti, M., Bisecco, Alvino, Pia Sormani, Maria, Schiavetti, Irene, Landi, Doriana, Carmisciano, Luca, De Rossi, Nicola, Cordioli, Cinzia, Moiola, Lucia, Radaelli, Marta, Immovilli, Paolo, Capobianco, Marco, Brescia Morra, Vincenzo, Trojano, Maria, Tedeschi, Gioacchino, Comi, Giancarlo, Alberto Battaglia, Mario, Patti, Francesco, Dadalti Fragoso, Yara, Sen, Sedat, Siva, Aksel, Furlan, Roberto, Salvetti, Marco, Study Group Gianmarco Abbadessa, MuSC-19, Aguglia, Umberto, Allegorico, Lia, Beatrice Maria Allegri, Rossi, Pia Amato, Maria, Annovazzi, Pietro, Antozzi, Carlo, Appendino, Lucia, Arena, Sebastiano, Baione, Viola, Balgera, Roberto, Barcella, Valeria, Baroncini, Damiano, Barrilà, Caterina, A Battaglia, Mario, Bellacosa, Alessandra, Bellucci, Gianmarco, Bergamaschi, Roberto, Bergamaschi, Valeria, Bezzini, Daiana, Biolzi, Beatrice, Bonavita, Simona, Borriello, Giovanna, Bosa, Chiara, Bosco, Antonio, Bovis, Francesca, Bozzali, Marco, Brambilla, Laura, Vincenzo Brescia, Morra, Brichetto, Giampaolo, Buccafusca, Maria, Bucciantini, Elisabetta, Bucello, Sebastiano, Chiara Buscarinu, Maria, Paola Cabboi, Maria, Calabrese, Massimiliano, Calabria, Francesca, Caleri, Francesca, Camilli, Federico, Maria Caniatti, Luisa, Cantello, Roberto, Capra, Ruggero, Capuano, Rocco, Carta, Patrizia, Cavalla, Paola, Grazia Celani, Maria, Cellerino, Maria, Cerqua, Raffaella, Chisari, Clara, Clerici, Raffaella, Clerico, Marinella, Cocco, Eleonora, Cola, Gaia, Confalonieri, Paolo, Conte, Antonella, Zaffira Conti, Marta, Cordano, Christian, Cordera, Susanna, Corea, Francesco, Correale, Claudio, Cottone, Salvatore, Crescenzo, Francesco, Curti, Erica, D'Ambrosio, Alessandro, D'Amico, Emanuele, Chiara Danni, Maura, D'Arma, Alessia, Dattola, Vincenzo, de Biase, Stefano, De Luca, Giovanna, Federica De Mercanti, Stefania, De Mitri, Paolo, De Stefano, Nicola, Della Cava, Marco, di Napoli, Mario, Di Sapio, Alessia, Docimo, Renato, Dutto, Anna, Evangelista, Luana, Fanara, Salvatore, Ferraro, Diana, Teresa Ferrò, Maria, Filippi, Massimo, Fioretti, Cristina, Fratta, Mario, Frau, Jessica, Fronza, Marzia, Gajofatto, Alberto, Gallo, Antonio, Gallo, Paolo, Gasperini, Claudio, Ghazaryan, Anna, Giometto, Bruno, Gobbin, Francesca, Govone, Flora, Granella, Franco, Grange, Erica, Grazia Grasso, Maria, Guareschi, Angelica, Guaschino, Clara, Guerrieri, Simone, Guidetti, Donata, Iaffaldano, Pietro, Ianniello, Antonio, Iasevoli, Luigi, Imperiale, Daniele, Teresa Infante, Maria, Inglese, Matilde, Iodice, Rosa, Iovino, Aniello, Konrad, Giovanna, Lanzillo, Roberta, Lapucci, Caterina, Lavorgna, Luigi, L'Episcopo Maria, Rita, Leva, Serena, Liberatore, Giuseppe, Lo Re, Marianna, Longoni, Marco, Lopiano, Leonardo, Lorefice, Lorena, Lucchini, Matteo, Lus, Giacomo, Maimone, Davide, Malentacchi, Maria, Mallucci, Giulia, Malucchi, Simona, Rosa Mancinelli, Chiara, Mancinelli, Luca, Manganotti, Paolo, Giorgia Maniscalco, Teresa, Mantero, Vittorio, Marangoni, Sabrina, Marastoni, Damiano, Girolama Marfia, Alessandra, Marinelli, Fabiana, Marti, Alessandro, Martinelli Boneschi, Filippo, Masserano Zoli, Federco, Matta, Francesca, Mendozzi, Laura, Meucci, Giuseppe, Miante, Silvia, Miele, Giuseppina, Milano, Eva, Mirabella, Massimiliano, Missione, Rosanna, Moccia, Marcello, Montepietra, Sara, Monti Bragadin, Margherita, Montini, Federico, Motta, Roberta, Nardone, Raffaele, Gabri Nicoletti, Carolina, Nobile-Orazio, Eduardo, Nozzolillo, Agostino, Onofrj, Marco, Orlandi, Riccardo, Palmieri, Anna, Paolicelli, Damiano, Pasquali, Livia, Pastò, Luisa, Pedrazzoli, Elisabetta, Perini, Paola, Pesci, Ilaria, Petracca, Maria, Petrone, Alfredo, Piantadosi, Carlo, M Pietroboni, Anna, Pinardi, Federica, Ponzano, Marta, Portaccio, Emilio, Pozzato, Mattia, Pozzilli, Carlo, Prosperini, Luca, Protti, Alessandra, Ragonese, Paolo, Rasia, Sarah, Realmuto, Sabrina, Repice, Anna, Rigoni, Eleonora, Teresa Rilla, Maria, Rinaldi, Francesca, Marcello Romano, Calogero, Ronzoni, Marco, Rovaris, Marco, Ruscica, Francesca, Sabattini, Loredana, Salemi, Giuseppe, Saraceno, Lorenzo, Sartori, Alessia, Sartori, Arianna, Sbragia, Elvira, Scandellari, Cinzia, Scarano Giuditta, Ilaria, Scarano, Valentina, Schillaci, Valentina, Sessa, Maria, Sgarito, Caterina, Sibilia, Grazia, Siciliano, Gabriele, Signori, Alessio, Signoriello, Elisabetta, Sinisi, Leonardo, Sireci, Francesca, Sola, Patrizia, Solaro, Claudio, Sotgiu, Stefano, Sparaco, Maddalena, Laura Stromillo, Maria, Strumia, Silvia, Emanuela Susani, Laura, Tabiadon, Giulietta, Teatini, Francesco, Tomassini, Valentina, Tonietti, Simone, Valentina Torri, Clerici, Tortorella, Carla, Toscano, Simona, Totaro, Rocco, Trotta, Maria, Turano, Gabriella, Ulivelli, Monica, Valentino, Manzo, Vaula, Giovanna, Vecchio, Domizia, Vercellino, Marco, Pinuccia Verrengia, Elena, Vianello, Marika, Virgilio, Eleonora, Vitetta, Francesca, Vollaro, Stefano, Zaffaroni, Mauro, Zampolini, Mauro, Roberto Zarbo, Ignazio, Zito, Antonio, Zuliani, Luigi, Abbadessa, Gianmarco, Trotta, Maria Consiglia, and Zito, Guido Antonio

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), immunosuppressive therapie, coronavirus, Settore MED/26, medicine.disease_cause, Antibodies, Viral, immunosuppressive therapies, Antibodies, Serology, Cohort Studies, Multiple sclerosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Pandemic, Medicine, Humans, Multiple sclerosi, Viral, Coronavirus, business.industry, immunomodulatory therapie, immunomodulatory therapies, COVID-19, medicine.disease, Virology, coronaviru, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Sars-COV-2, 030104 developmental biology, Neurology, Neurology (clinical), business, SARS-CoV-2, Multiple Sclerosis, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cohort study
Abstract

Background: The MuSC-19 project is an Italian cohort study open to international partners that collects data on multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with COVID-19. During the second wave of the pandemic, serological tests became routinely available. Objective: To evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies according to the use of disease-modifying therapy (DMT) in a subset of patients included in the MuSC-19 data set who had undergone a serological test. Methods: We evaluated the association between positive serological test results and time elapsed since infection onset, age, sex, Expanded Disability Status Scale score, comorbidities and DMT exposure using a multivariable logistic model. Results: Data were collected from 423 patients (345 from Italy, 61 from Turkey and 17 from Brazil) with a serological test performed during follow-up. Overall, 325 out of 423 tested patients (76.8%) had a positive serological test. At multivariate analysis, therapy with anti-CD20 was significantly associated with a reduced probability of developing antibodies after COVID-19 (odds ratio (OR) = 0.20, p = 0.002). Conclusion: Patients with MS maintain the capacity to develop humoral immune response against SARS-COV-2, although to a lesser extent when treated with anti-CD20 drugs. Overall, our results are reassuring with respect to the possibility to achieve sufficient immunization with vaccination.

Published
2021

9. COVID-19 Severity in Multiple Sclerosis: Putting Data Into Context

Author

Maria Pia Sormani, Irene Schiavetti, Luca Carmisciano, Cinzia Cordioli, Massimo Filippi, Marta Radaelli, Paolo Immovilli, Marco Capobianco, Nicola De Rossi, Giampaolo Brichetto, Eleonora Cocco, Cinzia Scandellari, Paola Cavalla, Ilaria Pesci, Antonio Zito, Paolo Confalonieri, Girolama Alessandra Marfia, Paola Perini, Matilde Inglese, Maria Trojano, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Gioacchino Tedeschi, Giancarlo Comi, Mario Alberto Battaglia, Francesco Patti, Marco Salvetti, Gianmarco Abbadessa, Umberto Aguglia, Lia Allegorico, Beatrice Maria Allegri Rossi, Maria Pia Amato, Pietro Annovazzi, Carlo Antozzi, Lucia Appendino, Sebastiano Arena, Viola Baione, Roberto Balgera, Valeria Barcella, Damiano Baroncini, Caterina Barrilà, Alessandra Bellacosa, Gianmarco Bellucci, Roberto Bergamaschi, Valeria Bergamaschi, Daiana Bezzini, Beatrice Biolzi, Alvino Bisecco, Simona Bonavita, Giovanna Borriello, Chiara Bosa, Antonio Bosco, Francesca Bovis, Marco Bozzali, Laura Brambilla, Maria Buccafusca, Elisabetta Bucciantini, Sebastiano Bucello, Maria Chiara Buscarinu, Maria Paola Cabboi, Massimiliano Calabrese, Francesca Calabria, Francesca Caleri, Federico Camilli, Luisa Maria Caniatti, Roberto Cantello, Ruggero Capra, Rocco Capuano, Patrizia Carta, Maria Grazia Celani, Maria Cellerino, Raffaella Cerqua, Clara Chisari, Raffaella Clerici, Marinella Clerico, Gaia Cola, Antonella Conte, Marta Zaffira Conti, Christian Cordano, Susanna Cordera, Francesco Corea, Claudio Correale, Salvatore Cottone, Francesco Crescenzo, Erica Curti, Alessandro d'Ambrosio, Emanuele D'Amico, Maura Chiara Danni, Alessia d'Arma, Vincenzo Dattola, Stefano de Biase, Giovanna De Luca, Stefania Federica De Mercanti, Paolo De Mitri, Nicola De Stefano, Marco Della Cava, Mario di Napoli, Alessia Di Sapio, Renato Docimo, Anna Dutto, Luana Evangelista, Salvatore Fanara, Ferraro Diana, Maria Teresa Ferrò, Cristina Fioretti, Mario Fratta, Jessica Frau, Marzia Fronza, Roberto Furlan, Alberto Gajofatto, Antonio Gallo, Paolo Gallo, Claudio Gasperini, Anna Ghazaryan, Bruno Giometto, Francesca Gobbin, Flora Govone, Franco Granella, Erica Grange, Maria Grazia Grasso, Angelica Guareschi, Clara Guaschino, Simone Guerrieri, Donata Guidetti, Pietro Iaffaldano, Antonio Ianniello, Luigi Iasevoli, Daniele Imperiale, Maria Teresa Infante, Rosa Iodice, Aniello Iovino, Giovanna Konrad, Doriana Landi, Roberta Lanzillo, Caterina Lapucci, Luigi Lavorgna, Maria Rita L'Episcopo, Serena Leva, Giuseppe Liberatore, Marianna Lo Re, Marco Longoni, Leonardo Lopiano, Lorena Lorefice, Matteo Lucchini, Giacomo Lus, Davide Maimone, Maria Malentacchi, Giulia Mallucci, Simona Malucchi, Chiara Rosa Mancinelli, Luca Mancinelli, Paolo Manganotti, Giorgia Teresa Maniscalco, Vittorio Mantero, Sabrina Marangoni, Damiano Marastoni, Fabiana Marinelli, Alessandro Marti, Filippo Martinelli Boneschi, Federco Masserano Zoli, Francesca Matta, Laura Mendozzi, Giuseppe Meucci, Silvia Miante, Giuseppina Miele, Eva Milano, Massimiliano Mirabella, Rosanna Missione, Marcello Moccia, Lucia Moiola, Sara Montepietra, Margherita MontiBragadin, Federico Montini, Roberta Motta, Raffaele Nardone, Carolina Gabri Nicoletti, Eduardo Nobile-Orazio, Agostino Nozzolillo, Marco Onofrj, Riccardo Orlandi, Anna Palmieri, Damiano Paolicelli, Livia Pasquali, Luisa Pastò, Elisabetta Pedrazzoli, Maria Petracca, Alfredo Petrone, Carlo Piantadosi, Anna M Pietroboni, Federica Pinardi, Marta Ponzano, Emilio Portaccio, Mattia Pozzato, Carlo Pozzilli, Luca Prosperini, Alessandra Protti, Paolo Ragonese, Sarah Rasia, Sabrina Realmuto, Anna Repice, Eleonora Rigoni, Maria Teresa Rilla, Francesca Rinaldi, Calogero Marcello Romano, Marco Ronzoni, Marco Rovaris, Francesca Ruscica, Loredana Sabattini, Giuseppe Salemi, Lorenzo Saraceno, Alessia Sartori, Arianna Sartori, Elvira Sbragia, Giuditta Ilaria Scarano, Valentina Scarano, Valentina Schillaci, Maria Sessa, Caterina Sgarito, Grazia Sibilia, Gabriele Siciliano, Alessio Signori, Elisabetta Signoriello, Leonardo Sinisi, Francesca Sireci, Patrizia Sola, Claudio Solaro, Stefano Sotgiu, Maddalena Sparaco, Maria Laura Stromillo, Silvia Strumia, Emanuela Laura Susani, Giulietta Tabiadon, Francesco Teatini, Valentina Tomassini, Simone Tonietti, Clerici Valentina Torri, Carla Tortorella, Simona Toscano, Rocco Totaro, Maria Trotta, Gabriella Turano, Monica Ulivelli, Manzo Valentino, Giovanna Vaula, Domizia Vecchio, Marco Vercellino, Elena Pinuccia Verrengia, Marika Vianello, Eleonora Virgilio, Francesca Vitetta, Stefano Vollaro, Mauro Zaffaroni, Mauro Zampolini, Ignazio Roberto Zarbo, Luigi Zuliani, Pia Sormani, Maria, Schiavetti, Irene, Carmisciano, Luca, Cordioli, Cinzia, Filippi, Massimo, Radaelli, Marta, Immovilli, Paolo, Capobianco, Marco, De Rossi, Nicola, Brichetto, Giampaolo, Cocco, Eleonora, Scandellari, Cinzia, Cavalla, Paola, Pesci, Ilaria, Zito, Guido Antonio, Confalonieri, Paolo, Alessandra Marfia, Girolama, Perini, Paola, Inglese, Matilde, Trojano, Maria, Brescia Morra, Vincenzo, Tedeschi, Gioacchino, Comi, Giancarlo, Alberto Battaglia, Mario, Patti, Francesco, Salvetti, Marco, Abbadessa, Gianmarco, Aguglia, Umberto, Allegorico, Lia, Maria Allegri Rossi, Beatrice, Pia Amato, Maria, Annovazzi, Pietro, Antozzi, Carlo, Appendino, Lucia, Arena, Sebastiano, Baione, Viola, Balgera, Roberto, Barcella, Valeria, Baroncini, Damiano, Barrilà, Caterina, Bellacosa, Alessandra, Bellucci, Gianmarco, Bergamaschi, Roberto, Bergamaschi, Valeria, Bezzini, Daiana, Biolzi, Beatrice, Bisecco, Alvino, Bonavita, Simona, Borriello, Giovanna, Bosa, Chiara, Bosco, Antonio, Bovis, Francesca, Bozzali, Marco, Brambilla, Laura, Buccafusca, Maria, Bucciantini, Elisabetta, Bucello, Sebastiano, Chiara Buscarinu, Maria, Paola Cabboi, Maria, Calabrese, Massimiliano, Calabria, Francesca, Caleri, Francesca, Camilli, Federico, Maria Caniatti, Luisa, Cantello, Roberto, Capra, Ruggero, Capuano, Rocco, Carta, Patrizia, Grazia Celani, Maria, Cellerino, Maria, Cerqua, Raffaella, Chisari, Clara, Clerici, Raffaella, Clerico, Marinella, Cola, Gaia, Conte, Antonella, Zaffira Conti, Marta, Cordano, Christian, Cordera, Susanna, Corea, Francesco, Correale, Claudio, Cottone, Salvatore, Crescenzo, Francesco, Curti, Erica, D'Ambrosio, Alessandro, D'Amico, Emanuele, Chiara Danni, Maura, D'Arma, Alessia, Dattola, Vincenzo, de Biase, Stefano, De Luca, Giovanna, Federica De Mercanti, Stefania, De Mitri, Paolo, De Stefano, Nicola, Della Cava, Marco, di Napoli, Mario, Di Sapio, Alessia, Docimo, Renato, Dutto, Anna, Evangelista, Luana, Fanara, Salvatore, Diana, Ferraro, Teresa Ferrò, Maria, Fioretti, Cristina, Fratta, Mario, Frau, Jessica, Fronza, Marzia, Furlan, Roberto, Gajofatto, Alberto, Gallo, Antonio, Gallo, Paolo, Gasperini, Claudio, Ghazaryan, Anna, Giometto, Bruno, Gobbin, Francesca, Govone, Flora, Granella, Franco, Grange, Erica, Grazia Grasso, Maria, Guareschi, Angelica, Guaschino, Clara, Guerrieri, Simone, Guidetti, Donata, Iaffaldano, Pietro, Ianniello, Antonio, Iasevoli, Luigi, Imperiale, Daniele, Teresa Infante, Maria, Iodice, Rosa, Iovino, Aniello, Konrad, Giovanna, Landi, Doriana, Lanzillo, Roberta, Lapucci, Caterina, Lavorgna, Luigi, Rita L'Episcopo, Maria, Leva, Serena, Liberatore, Giuseppe, Lo Re, Marianna, Longoni, Marco, Lopiano, Leonardo, Lorefice, Lorena, Lucchini, Matteo, Lus, Giacomo, Maimone, Davide, Malentacchi, Maria, Mallucci, Giulia, Malucchi, Simona, Rosa Mancinelli, Chiara, Mancinelli, Luca, Manganotti, Paolo, Teresa Maniscalco, Giorgia, Mantero, Vittorio, Marangoni, Sabrina, Marastoni, Damiano, Marinelli, Fabiana, Marti, Alessandro, Martinelli Boneschi, Filippo, Masserano Zoli, Federco, Matta, Francesca, Mendozzi, Laura, Meucci, Giuseppe, Miante, Silvia, Miele, Giuseppina, Milano, Eva, Mirabella, Massimiliano, Missione, Rosanna, Moccia, Marcello, Moiola, Lucia, Montepietra, Sara, Montibragadin, Margherita, Montini, Federico, Motta, Roberta, Nardone, Raffaele, Gabri Nicoletti, Carolina, Nobile-Orazio, Eduardo, Nozzolillo, Agostino, Onofrj, Marco, Orlandi, Riccardo, Palmieri, Anna, Paolicelli, Damiano, Pasquali, Livia, Pastò, Luisa, Pedrazzoli, Elisabetta, Petracca, Maria, Petrone, Alfredo, Piantadosi, Carlo, M Pietroboni, Anna, Pinardi, Federica, Ponzano, Marta, Portaccio, Emilio, Pozzato, Mattia, Pozzilli, Carlo, Prosperini, Luca, Protti, Alessandra, Ragonese, Paolo, Rasia, Sarah, Realmuto, Sabrina, Repice, Anna, Rigoni, Eleonora, Teresa Rilla, Maria, Rinaldi, Francesca, Marcello Romano, Calogero, Ronzoni, Marco, Rovaris, Marco, Ruscica, Francesca, Sabattini, Loredana, Salemi, Giuseppe, Saraceno, Lorenzo, Sartori, Alessia, Sartori, Arianna, Sbragia, Elvira, Ilaria Scarano, Giuditta, Scarano, Valentina, Schillaci, Valentina, Sessa, Maria, Sgarito, Caterina, Sibilia, Grazia, Siciliano, Gabriele, Signori, Alessio, Signoriello, Elisabetta, Sinisi, Leonardo, Sireci, Francesca, Sola, Patrizia, Solaro, Claudio, Sotgiu, Stefano, Sparaco, Maddalena, Laura Stromillo, Maria, Strumia, Silvia, Laura Susani, Emanuela, Tabiadon, Giulietta, Teatini, Francesco, Tomassini, Valentina, Tonietti, Simone, Valentina Torri, Clerici, Tortorella, Carla, Toscano, Simona, Totaro, Rocco, Trotta, Maria Consiglia, Turano, Gabriella, Ulivelli, Monica, Valentino, Manzo, Vaula, Giovanna, Vecchio, Domizia, Vercellino, Marco, Pinuccia Verrengia, Elena, Vianello, Marika, Virgilio, Eleonora, Vitetta, Francesca, Vollaro, Stefano, Zaffaroni, Mauro, Zampolini, Mauro, Roberto Zarbo, Ignazio, Zuliani, Luigi, Sormani, M. P., Schiavetti, I., Carmisciano, L., Cordioli, C., Filippi, M., Radaelli, M., Immovilli, P., Capobianco, M., De Rossi, N., Brichetto, G., Cocco, E., Scandellari, C., Cavalla, P., Pesci, I., Zito, A., Confalonieri, P., Marfia, G. A., Perini, P., Inglese, M., Trojano, M., Brescia Morra, V., Tedeschi, G., Comi, G., Battaglia, M. A., Patti, F., Salvetti, M., Zito, Antonio, BRESCIA MORRA, Vincenzo, Trotta, Maria, Sormani, Maria Pia, Marfia, Girolama Alessandra, and Battaglia, Mario Alberto

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Population, Intensive Care Unit, COVID-19, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Italy, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Context (language use), Settore MED/26, Lower risk, Retrospective Studie, Internal medicine, Multiple Sclerosi, Medicine, In patient, National level, education, education.field_of_study, Expanded Disability Status Scale, business.industry, Risk Factor, Ethics committee, medicine.disease, Icu admission, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Neurology, Relative risk, Family medicine, Cohort, Honorarium, Observational study, Neurology (clinical), Cohort Studie, business, Human
Abstract

Background: It is unclear how multiple sclerosis (MS) affects the severity of Covid-19. Methods: Hospitalization, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and death after Covid-19 diagnosis of 1362 MS patients were compared to the age and sex-matched Italian population in a retrospective observational case-cohort study with population-based control. The observed vs the expected events were compared in the whole MS cohort and in different subgroups (higher-risk: EDSS>3 or at least one comorbidity, lower-risk: EDSS

Published
2021

10. Anti-Spike IgG in multiple sclerosis patients after BNT162b2 vaccine: An exploratory case-control study in Italy

Author

Alessandra Consonni, Fiammetta Vanoli, Carlo Antozzi, Antonio Zito, Valentina Torri Clerici, Emilio Ciusani, Sebastiano Giuseppe Crisafulli, Paolo Confalonieri, Francesca Andreetta, Antonella Bellino, Silvia Bonanno, Rita Frangiamore, Renato Mantegazza, Laura Brambilla, Riccardo Giossi, Roberto Bergamaschi, Eleonora Rigoni, Fulvio Baggi, Elena Corsini, Antonella Conte, and Irene Tramacere

Subjects
COVID-19 Vaccines, Multiple Sclerosis, Antibodies, Viral, Article, Antibodies, Medicine, Humans, Disease-modifying therapies, Viral, BNT162 Vaccine, Vaccine, BNT162b2, COVID-19, Multiple sclerosis, Case-Control Studies, Immunoglobulin G, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Case-control study, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Neurology, Immunology, Spike (software development), BNT162b2, Neurology (clinical), business, Vaccine
Abstract

Background Patients with neuroimmunological conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS) often receive disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) or immunosuppressants which may reduce the response to vaccines. BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) is the first COVID-19 vaccine authorized in Italy. Its clinical efficacy and serological response were not evaluated in MS patients receiving DMTs or immunosuppressants. This early multicenter study evaluated serological response to BNT162b2 and safety in these patients. Methods From February 2021 we enrolled consecutive MS patients, treated with at least one DMT and all healthcare workers (HCWs), having received or being scheduled to receive the first dose of BNT162b2. Blood samples were collected after the second vaccine dose and analyzed to quantitatively detect the presence of anti-Spike antibodies. Serological response was compared to the one from a control population of HCWs, with neither neuroimmunological conditions nor receiving immunosuppressants. Patients receiving treatments associated with a possible reduced response (Under-scrutiny treatment group) were also compared to those undergoing other treatments. Anti-Spike levels were described as median and interquartile range (IQR). Comparisons were performed with Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. Solicited and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were collected. Results 39 MS patients and a control population of 273 HCWs were included. One patient, under treatment with ocrelizumab, did not respond to BNT162b2, while all the remaining patients and all controls developed a serological response to the vaccine. Median anti-Spike levels were similar between patients (1471.0 BAU/ml; IQR 779.7 to 2357.0) and controls (1479.0 BAU/ml; IQR 813.1 to 2528.0) (p = 0.53). Patients included in the Under-scrutiny treatments group showed reduced anti-Spike levels (156.4 BAU/ml; IQR 33.4 to 559.1) compared to those receiving other treatments (1582.4 BAU/ml; IQR 1296.5 to 2219.0) (p = 0.001). Solicited AEs were all mild to moderate in severity, generally reported in the first days after vaccination, and resolved in the following days. Two MS patients reported a clinical relapse after the second vaccine dose. Conclusion BNT162b2 induced a serological response in MS patients treated with DMTs similar to controls not receiving DMTs or immunosuppressants. Some treatments were associated with reduced levels of anti-Spike antibodies in patients. These observations have relevant implications for treated patients receiving BNT162b2 and the community.

Published
2021

11. Development of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Post-Alemtuzumab Improves Treatment Response

Author

Alina Sovetkina, Rans Nadir, Richard W. Nicholas, Eleonora Rigoni, Niamh M. Martin, Omar Malik, Kevin G Murphy, Victoria Singh-Curry, Antonio Scalfari, Ashwini Nandoskar, Francesca Tona, and Rachel Dorsey

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graves' disease, Clinical Biochemistry, multiple sclerosis, Biochemistry, REMYELINATION, Endocrinology, Interquartile range, Recurrence, Alemtuzumab, Thyroid, Prognosis, TRIALS, medicine.anatomical_structure, Treatment Outcome, Graves disease, CUPRIZONE, Disease Progression, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, LYMPHOCYTE DEPLETION, Side effect, Context (language use), Endocrinology & Metabolism, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Science & Technology, Expanded Disability Status Scale, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Biochemistry (medical), Thyroiditis, Autoimmune, 1103 Clinical Sciences, medicine.disease, secondary autoimmunity, RECONSTITUTION, CELLS, 1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, autoimmune thyroid disease, FOLLOW-UP, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Context Alemtuzumab is an anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Between 20% and 40% of alemtuzumab-treated MS patients develop autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) as a side effect. Objective The objective of this work is to determine whether MS disease progression following alemtuzumab treatment differs in patients who develop AITD compared to those who do not. Design, Setting, and Patients A retrospective analysis of 126 patients with relapsing-remitting MS receiving alemtuzumab from 2012 to 2017 was conducted at a tertiary referral center. Main Outcome Measures Thyroid status, new relapses, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score change, and disability progression following alemtuzumab were evaluated. Results Twenty-six percent (33 out of 126, 25 female, 8 male) of alemtuzumab-treated patients developed AITD, 55% of which was Graves disease. EDSS score following alemtuzumab was reduced in patients who developed AITD compared to those who did not (median [interquartile range]; AITD: –0.25 [–1 to 0.5] vs non-AITD: 0 [1-0]. P = .007]. Multivariable regression analysis confirmed that the development of AITD was independently associated with EDSS score improvement (P = .011). Moreover, AITD patients had higher relapse-free survival following alemtuzumab (P = .023). There was no difference in the number of new focal T2 lesions and contrast-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions developed following alemtuzumab between the 2 groups. Conclusion Graves disease was the most common form of AITD developed by MS patients following alemtuzumab. This study suggests that MS patients who develop AITD may have an improved response to alemtuzumab, as measured by reduced disability and lower relapse rate.

Published
2020

12. Cell-based assays for the detection of MOG antibodies: a comparative study

Author

Vito Lampasona, Thomas Foiadelli, Silvia Scaranzin, Margherita Mancardi, Brigitte Wildeman, Pietro Annovazzi, Maurizio Versino, Patrick Waters, Eleonora Rigoni, Sven Jarius, Elisabetta Zardini, Damiano Baroncini, Matteo Gastaldi, Elisa Vegezzi, Markus Reindl, Giovanni Novi, Salvatore Savasta, Diana Ferraro, Diego Franciotta, Paola Banfi, Thea Giacomini, Giulia Mallucci, and Luana Benedetti

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Subgroup analysis, Optic neuritis, Gastroenterology, Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, Multiple sclerosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Autoantibodies, Cell-based assay, Demyelinating disorders, Myelitis, Standardization, biology, business.industry, Autoantibody, Syndrome, medicine.disease, Cell based assays, Neurology, Immunoglobulin G, biology.protein, Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein, Neurology (clinical), Antibody, Differential diagnosis, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The detection of antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is fundamental for the identification of MOG antibody-associated disorders (MOGAD), and the differential diagnosis of acquired demyelinating syndromes of the CNS, among which multiple sclerosis (MS). We compared the diagnostic performance of four cell-based assays (CBAs) for their detection. Consecutive sera from 204 patients with ‘possible MOGAD’ (55), MS (112), and other neurological disorders (OND, 37) were tested for MOG-IgG with a live-CBA with anti-heavy-and-light chain secondary-antibody (LCBA-IgGH+L), and a live-CBA for IgG1 (LCBA-IgG1). A subgroup of 71 patients was additionally tested with a live-CBA with anti-Fcγ secondary-antibody (LCBA-IgGFcγ), and a commercial fixed-CBA with anti-Fcγ secondary-antibody (FCBA-IgGFcγ). Fifty-seven/204 patients (27.9%) were MOG-IgG-positive. Sensitivity was 89.1% (CI:77.8–95.9) and specificity 93.3% (CI:88.0–96.7) for LCBA-IgGH+L, and 74.6% (CI:61.0–85.3) and 100% (CI:97.6–100) for LCBA-IgG1. Eighteen of 57 (31%) samples showed discrepant results (all negative on LCBA-IgG1); of these, three with ‘possible MOGAD’ showed high-titer MOG-IgG (≥ 1:640), and positivity for MOG-IgG2, whereas 15/18 had low-titer MOG-IgG (1:160/1:320) and mixed diagnoses (5 ‘possible MOGAD’, 6 MS, 4 OND). In the subgroup analysis, sensitivity was 92.3% (CI:79.1–98.4) and specificity 97.0% (CI:83.8–99.9) for LCBA-IgGFcγ, and 87.2% (CI:72.6–95.7) and 97.0% (CI:83.8–99.9) for FCBA-IgGFcγ. LCBA-IgG1 showed the highest specificity but can miss MOG-IgG2 reactivities, whose meaning warrants further investigations. Titration of samples tested with LCBA-IgGH+L/ IgGFcγ is important for meaningful interpretation of the results. In the subgroup analysis, LCBA-IgGFcγ yielded the highest accuracy, and FCBA-IgGFcγ good specificity, but it was at risk of false-negative results.

Published
2020

13. Comorbidity in people with multiple sclerosis. A cross-sectional study in two Italian areas

Author

Maria Francesca Piazza, Paola Borrelli, Filippo Ansaldi, Roberto Bergamaschi, Michela Ponzio, Mario Alberto Battaglia, D Amicizia, Cristina Montomoli, Giampaolo Brichetto, Maria Cristina Monti, Santino Silva, Pietro Perotti, Eleonora Rigoni, Giulia Mallucci, and Sara Fusco

Subjects
Gerontology, Neurology, business.industry, Cross-sectional study, Multiple sclerosis, medicine, Neurology (clinical), medicine.disease, business, Comorbidity
Published
2021

14. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody titres and retinal degeneration in MOG-associated disease: A single centre Italian study

Author

Giacomo Greco, Elisabetta Zardini, Matteo Gastaldi, Marina Ranzani, Roberto Bergamaschi, Silvia Colnaghi, Elena Colombo, Diego Franciotta, Eleonora Rigoni, and Silvia Scaranzin

Subjects
Retinal degeneration, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, business.industry, Disease, medicine.disease, Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, Single centre, Neurology, medicine, biology.protein, Neurology (clinical), Antibody, business
Published
2021

15. Administrative data to estimate the burden of major comorbidities in multiple sclerosis. A cross-sectional study in two Italian areas

Author

Maria Francesca Piazza, Michela Ponzio, Mario Alberto Battaglia, Filippo Ansaldi, Maria Cristina Monti, Cristina Montomoli, Giampaolo Brichetto, Sara Fusco, Pietro Perotti, D Amicizia, Paola Borrelli, Roberto Bergamaschi, Santino Silva, Giulia Mallucci, and Eleonora Rigoni

Subjects
Neurology, business.industry, Cross-sectional study, Environmental health, Multiple sclerosis, medicine, Neurology (clinical), medicine.disease, business
Published
2021

16. Development of auto-immune thyroid dysfunction in multiple sclerosis patients receiving Alemtuzumab is associated with improved response to treatment

Author

Rachel Dorsey, Antonio Scalfari, Eleonora Rigoni, Alina Sovetkina, Niamh M. Martin, Victoria Singh-Curry, Ashwini Nandoskar, Richard W. Nicholas, Francesca Tona, and Omar Malik

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Thyroid dysfunction, business.industry, Internal medicine, Multiple sclerosis, medicine, Alemtuzumab, Auto immune, medicine.disease, business, Response to treatment, medicine.drug
Published
2019

17. Signs and symptoms of COVID-19 in patients with multiple sclerosis

Author

Schiavetti I., Carmisciano L., Ponzano M., Cordioli C., Cocco E., Marfia G. A., Inglese M., Filippi M., Radaelli M., Bergamaschi R., Immovilli P., Capobianco M., De Rossi N., Brichetto G., Scandellari C., Cavalla P., Pesci I., Confalonieri P., Perini P., Trojano M., Lanzillo R., Tedeschi G., Comi G., Battaglia M. A., Patti F., Salvetti M., Sormani M. P., Abbadessa G., Aguglia U., Allegorico L., Rossi Allegri B. M., Alteno A., Amato M. P., Annovazzi P., Antozzi C., Appendino L., Arena S., Baione V., Balgera R., Barcella V., Baroncini D., Barrila C., Bellacosa A., Bellucci G., Bergamaschi V., Bezzini D., Biolzi B., Bisecco A., Bonavita S., Borriello G., Bosa C., Bosco A., Bovis F., Bozzali M., Brambilla L., Brescia Morra V., Buccafusca M., Bucciantini E., Bucello S., Buscarinu M. C., Cabboi M. P., Calabrese M., Calabria F., Caleri F., Camilli F., Caniatti L. M., Cantello R., Capra R., Capuano R., Carta P., Celani M. G., Cellerino M., Cerqua R., Chisari C., Clerici R., Clerico M., Cola G., Conte A., Conti M. Z., Cordano C., Cordera S., Corea F., Correale C., Cottone S., Crescenzo F., Curti E., d'Ambrosio A., D'Amico E., Danni M. C., d'Arma A., Dattola V., de Biase S., De Luca G., De Mercanti S. F., De Mitri P., De Stefano N., Della Cava F. M., Cava M. D., Di Lemme S., di Napoli M., Di Sapio A., Docimo R., Dutto A., Evangelista L., Fanara S., Fantozzi R., Ferraro D., Ferro M. T., Fioretti C., Fratta M., Frau J., Fronza M., Furlan R., Gajofatto A., Gallo A., Gallo P., Gasperini C., Ghazaryan A., Giometto B., Gobbin F., Govone F., Granella F., Grange E., Grasso M. G., Grimaldi L. M. E., Guareschi A., Guaschino C., Guerrieri S., Guidetti D., Juergenson I. B., Iaffaldano P., Ianniello A., Iasevoli L., Imperiale D., Infante M. T., Iodice R., Iovino A., Konrad G., Landi D., Lapucci C., Lavorgna L., L'Episcopo M. R., Leva S., Liberatore G., Lo Re M., Longoni M., Lopiano L., Lorefice L., Lucchini M., Lus G., Maimone D., Malentacchi M., Mallucci G., Malucchi S., Mancinelli C. R., Mancinelli L., Manganotti P., Maniscalco G. T., Mantero V., Marangoni S., Marastoni D., Marinelli F., Marti A., Boneschi Martinelli F., Masserano Z. F., Matta F., Mendozzi L., Meucci G., Miante S., Miele G., Milano E., Mirabella M., Missione R., Moccia M., Moiola L., Montepietra S., MontiBragadin M., Montini F., Motta R., Nardone R., Gabri Nicoletti C., Nobile-Orazio E., Nozzolillo A., Onofrj M., Orlandi R., Palmieri A., Paolicelli D., Pasquali L., Pasto L., Pedrazzoli E., Petracca M., Petrone A., Piantadosi C., Pietroboni A. M., Pinardi F., Portaccio E., Pozzato M., Pozzilli C., Prosperini L., Protti A., Ragonese P., Rasia S., Realmuto S., Repice A., Rigoni E., Rilla M. T., Rinaldi F., Romano C. M., Ronzoni M., Rovaris M., Ruscica F., Sabattini L., Salemi G., Saraceno L., Sartori A., Sbragia E., Scarano G. I., Scarano V., Sessa M., Sgarito C., Sibilia G., Siciliano G., Signori A., Signoriello E., Sinisi L., Sireci F., Sola P., Solaro C., Sotgiu S., Sparaco M., Stromillo M. L., Strumia S., Susani E. L., Tabiadon G., Teatini F., Tomassini V., Tonietti S., Torri V., Tortorella C., Toscano S., Totaro R., Trotta M., Turano G., Ulivelli M., Valentino M., Vaula G., Vecchio D., Vercellino M., Verrengia E. P., Vianello M., Virgilio E., Vitetta F., Vollaro S., Zaffaroni M., Zampolini M., Zarbo I. 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E., Angelica, Guareschi, Clara, Guaschino, Simone, Guerrieri, Donata, Guidetti, Ina Barbara Juergenson, Pietro, Iaffaldano, Ianniello, Antonio, Luigi, Iasevoli, Daniele, Imperiale, Maria Teresa Infante, Iodice, Rosa, Iovino, Aniello, Giovanna, Konrad, Doriana, Landi, Caterina, Lapucci, Luigi, Lavorgna, Maria Rita L’Episcopo, Serena, Leva, Giuseppe, Liberatore, Marianna Lo Re, Marco, Longoni, Leonardo, Lopiano, Lorena, Lorefice, Matteo, Lucchini, Lus, Giacomo, Maimone, Davide, Maria, Malentacchi, Giulia, Mallucci, Simona, Malucchi, Chiara Rosa Mancinelli, Luca, Mancinelli, Paolo, Manganotti, Giorgia Teresa Maniscalco, Vittorio, Mantero, Sabrina, Marangoni, Damiano, Marastoni, Fabiana, Marinelli, Marti, NICOLA ALESSANDRO, Filippo Boneschi Martinelli, Zoli Federco Masserano, Francesca, Matta, Laura, Mendozzi, Giuseppe, Meucci, Silvia, Miante, Giuseppina, Miele, Eva, Milano, Massimiliano, Mirabella, Rosanna, Missione, Moccia, Marcello, Lucia, Moiola, Sara, Montepietra, Margherita, Montibragadin, Federico, Montini, Roberta, Motta, Raffaele, Nardone, Carolina Gabri Nicoletti, Eduardo, Nobile‐orazio, Nozzolillo, Agostino, Marco, Onofrj, Riccardo, Orlandi, Anna, Palmieri, Damiano, Paolicelli, Livia, Pasquali, Luisa, Pastò, Elisabetta, Pedrazzoli, Petracca, Maria, Alfredo, Petrone, Carlo, Piantadosi, Pietroboni, Anna M., Federica, Pinardi, Emilio, Portaccio, Mattia, Pozzato, Pozzilli, Carlo, Luca, Prosperini, Alessandra, Protti, Paolo, Ragonese, Sarah, Rasia, Sabrina, Realmuto, Anna, Repice, Eleonora, Rigoni, Maria Teresa Rilla, DELLA RATTA RINALDI, Francesca, Calogero Marcello Romano, Marco, Ronzoni, Marco, Rovari, Francesca, Ruscica, Loredana, Sabattini, Giuseppe, Salemi, Lorenzo, Saraceno, Alessia, Sartori, Arianna, Sartori, Elvira, Sbragia, Giuditta Ilaria Scarano, Valentina, Scarano, Maria, Sessa, Caterina, Sgarito, Sibilia, Grazia, Gabriele, Siciliano, Alessio, Signori, Signoriello, Elisabetta, Sinisi, Leonardo, Francesca, Sireci, Patrizia, Sola, Claudio, Solaro, Stefano, Sotgiu, Maddalena, Sparaco, Maria Laura Stromillo, Silvia, Strumia, Emanuela Laura Susani, Giulietta, Tabiadon, Francesco, Teatini, Valentina, Tomassini, Simone, Tonietti, Valentina, Torri, Tortorella, Carla, Simona, Toscano, Rocco, Totaro, Maria, Trotta, Gabriella, Turano, Monica, Ulivelli, Manzo, Valentino, Giovanna, Vaula, Domizia, Vecchio, Marco, Vercellino, Elena Pinuccia Verrengia, Marika, Vianello, Eleonora, Virgilio, Francesca, Vitetta, Vollaro, Stefano, Mauro, Zaffaroni, Mauro, Zampolini, Ignazio Roberto Zarbo, Antonio, Zito, and Luigi Zuliani, Schiavetti, I., Carmisciano, L., Ponzano, M., Cordioli, C., Cocco, E., Marfia, G. A., Inglese, M., Filippi, M., Radaelli, M., Bergamaschi, R., Immovilli, P., Capobianco, M., De Rossi, N., Brichetto, G., Scandellari, C., Cavalla, P., Pesci, I., Confalonieri, P., Perini, P., Trojano, M., Lanzillo, R., Tedeschi, G., Comi, G., Battaglia, M. A., Patti, F., Salvetti, M., Sormani, M. P., Abbadessa, G., Aguglia, U., Allegorico, L., Rossi Allegri, B. M., Alteno, A., Amato, M. P., Annovazzi, P., Antozzi, C., Appendino, L., Arena, S., Baione, V., Balgera, R., Barcella, V., Baroncini, D., Barrila, C., Bellacosa, A., Bellucci, G., Bergamaschi, V., Bezzini, D., Biolzi, B., Bisecco, A., Bonavita, S., Borriello, G., Bosa, C., Bosco, A., Bovis, F., Bozzali, M., Brambilla, L., Brescia Morra, V., Buccafusca, M., Bucciantini, E., Bucello, S., Buscarinu, M. C., Cabboi, M. P., Calabrese, M., Calabria, F., Caleri, F., Camilli, F., Caniatti, L. M., Cantello, R., Capra, R., Capuano, R., Carta, P., Celani, M. G., Cellerino, M., Cerqua, R., Chisari, C., Clerici, R., Clerico, M., Cola, G., Conte, A., Conti, M. Z., Cordano, C., Cordera, S., Corea, F., Correale, C., Cottone, S., Crescenzo, F., Curti, E., D'Ambrosio, A., D'Amico, E., Danni, M. C., D'Arma, A., Dattola, V., de Biase, S., De Luca, G., De Mercanti, S. F., De Mitri, P., De Stefano, N., Della Cava, F. M., Cava, M. D., Di Lemme, S., di Napoli, M., Di Sapio, A., Docimo, R., Dutto, A., Evangelista, L., Fanara, S., Fantozzi, R., Ferraro, D., Ferro, M. T., Fioretti, C., Fratta, M., Frau, J., Fronza, M., Furlan, R., Gajofatto, A., Gallo, A., Gallo, P., Gasperini, C., Ghazaryan, A., Giometto, B., Gobbin, F., Govone, F., Granella, F., Grange, E., Grasso, M. G., Grimaldi, L. M. E., Guareschi, A., Guaschino, C., Guerrieri, S., Guidetti, D., Juergenson, I. B., Iaffaldano, P., Ianniello, A., Iasevoli, L., Imperiale, D., Infante, M. T., Iodice, R., Iovino, A., Konrad, G., Landi, D., Lapucci, C., Lavorgna, L., L'Episcopo, M. R., Leva, S., Liberatore, G., Lo Re, M., Longoni, M., Lopiano, L., Lorefice, L., Lucchini, M., Lus, G., Maimone, D., Malentacchi, M., Mallucci, G., Malucchi, S., Mancinelli, C. R., Mancinelli, L., Manganotti, P., Maniscalco, G. T., Mantero, V., Marangoni, S., Marastoni, D., Marinelli, F., Marti, A., Boneschi Martinelli, F., Masserano, Z. F., Matta, F., Mendozzi, L., Meucci, G., Miante, S., Miele, G., Milano, E., Mirabella, M., Missione, R., Moccia, M., Moiola, L., Montepietra, S., Montibragadin, M., Montini, F., Motta, R., Nardone, R., Gabri Nicoletti, C., Nobile-Orazio, E., Nozzolillo, A., Onofrj, M., Orlandi, R., Palmieri, A., Paolicelli, D., Pasquali, L., Pasto, L., Pedrazzoli, E., Petracca, M., Petrone, A., Piantadosi, C., Pietroboni, A. M., Pinardi, F., Portaccio, E., Pozzato, M., Pozzilli, C., Prosperini, L., Protti, A., Ragonese, P., Rasia, S., Realmuto, S., Repice, A., Rigoni, E., Rilla, M. T., Rinaldi, F., Romano, C. M., Ronzoni, M., Rovaris, M., Ruscica, F., Sabattini, L., Salemi, G., Saraceno, L., Sartori, A., Sbragia, E., Scarano, G. I., Scarano, V., Sessa, M., Sgarito, C., Sibilia, G., Siciliano, G., Signori, A., Signoriello, E., Sinisi, L., Sireci, F., Sola, P., Solaro, C., Sotgiu, S., Sparaco, M., Stromillo, M. L., Strumia, S., Susani, E. L., Tabiadon, G., Teatini, F., Tomassini, V., Tonietti, S., Torri, V., Tortorella, C., Toscano, S., Totaro, R., Trotta, M., Turano, G., Ulivelli, M., Valentino, M., Vaula, G., Vecchio, D., Vercellino, M., Verrengia, E. P., Vianello, M., Virgilio, E., Vitetta, F., Vollaro, S., Zaffaroni, M., Zampolini, M., Zarbo, I. R., Zito, A., and Zuliani, L.

Subjects
Multiple Sclerosis, Anosmia, Clinical Sciences, neurological disorders, Neurodegenerative, Settore MED/26, demyelinating disease, COVID-19, demyelinating diseases, disease-modifying treatment, multiple sclerosis, Humans, neurological disorder, Aged, Neurology & Neurosurgery, SARS-CoV-2, Pain Research, Neurosciences, Brain Disorders, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Good Health and Well Being, Neurology, multiple sclerosi, Neurology (clinical), MuSC-19 Study Group, Ageusia, Human
Abstract

Background and purpose: Clinical outcomes of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been thoroughly investigated, but a further analysis on main signs and symptoms and their risk factors still needs attention. The objective of this study was to group together and describe based on similarity the most common signs and symptoms of COVID-19 in MS patients and identify all factors associated with their manifestation. Method: Logistic and linear regression models were run to recognize factors associated with each pooled group of symptoms and their total number. Results: From March 2020 to November 2021, data were collected from 1354 MS patients with confirmed infection of COVID-19. Ageusia and anosmia was less frequent in older people (odds ratio [OR] 0.98; p=0.005) and more in smoker patients (OR 1.39; p=0.049). Smoke was also associated with an incremental number of symptoms (OR 1.24; p=0.031), substance abuse (drugs or alcohol), conjunctivitis and rash (OR 5.20; p=0.042) and the presence of at least one comorbidity with shortness of breath, tachycardia or chest pain (OR 1.24; p=0.008). Some disease-modifying therapies were associated with greater frequencies of certain COVID-19 symptoms (association between anti-CD20 therapies and increment in the number of concomitant symptoms: OR 1.29; p=0.05). Differences in frequencies between the three waves were found for flu-like symptoms (G1, p=0.024), joint or muscle pain (G2, p=0.013) and ageusia and anosmia (G5, p < 0.001). All cases should be referred to variants up to Delta. Conclusion: Several factors along with the choice of specific therapeutic approaches might have a different impact on the occurrence of some COVID-19 symptoms.

Published
2022

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