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We study the dynamics of the closed chain of a large number of coupled lasers. The coupling between elements is supposed to be unidirectional. The distributed integro-differential model is proposed which takes into account the delay due to the optoelectronic conversion of signals. The bifurcation value of the coupling coefficient is obtained, at which the stationary state of elements in the chain becomes unstable. It is shown that the critical case has infinite dimension if the number of elements in the chain tends to infinity. A two-dimensional complex Ginzburg-Landau equation with convection is obtained as a quasi-normal form. We get the homogeneous periodic solutions of the quasi-normal which correspond to inhomogeneous traveling waves in a distributed model. Such solutions can be interpreted as phase-synchronized regimes in the chain of coupled lasers.

Study the impact of various combinations of comorbid original diseases in patients infected with COVID-19 later on the disease progression and outcomes of the new coronavirus infection.The ACTIV registry was created on the Eurasian Association of Therapists initiative. 5,808 patients have been included in the registry: men and women with COVID-19 treated at hospital or at home.gov ID NCT04492384.Most patients with COVID-19 have original comorbid diseases (oCDs). Polymorbidity assessed by way of simple counting of oCDs is an independent factor in negative outcomes of COVID-19. Search for most frequent combinations of 2, 3 and 4 oCDs has revealed absolute domination of cardiovascular diseases (all possible variants). The most unfavorable combination of 2 oCDs includes atrial hypertension (AH) and chronic heart failure (CHF). The most unfavorable combination of 3 oCDs includes AH, coronary heart disease (CHD) and CHF; the worst combination of 4 oCDs includes AH, CHD, CHF and diabetes mellitus. Such combinations increased the risk of lethal outcomes 3.963, 4.082 and 4.215 times respectively.Polymorbidity determined by way of simple counting of diseases may be estimated as a factor in the lethal outcome risk in the acute phase of COVID-19 in real practice. Most frequent combinations of 2, 3 and 4 diseases in patients with COVID-19 primarily include cardiovascular diseases (AH, CHD and CHF), diabetes mellitus and obesity. Combinations of such diseases increase the COVID-19 lethal outcome risk.Цель. Изучить влияние различных комбинаций сопутствующих заболеваний, существовавших у пациентов исходно, до инфицирования вирусом SARS-CoV-2, на тяжесть течения и исходы новой коронавирусной инфекции. Материалы и методы. Регистр АКТИВ создан по инициативе Евразийской ассоциации терапевтов. В регистр включены 5808 пациентов: мужчины и женщины с диагнозом COVID-19, находящиеся на лечении в стационаре или получающие лечение на дому. Регистрация регистра: идентификатор ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04492384. Результаты. Подавляющее большинство пациентов с COVID-19 имеют исходные сопутствующие заболевания (иСЗ). Полиморбидность, оцененная методом простого подсчета иСЗ, является самостоятельным фактором негативного прогноза больных COVID-19. Поиск наиболее часто встречающихся комбинаций из 2, 3, 4 и более СЗ выявил абсолютное доминирование сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний во всех возможных вариантах. Наиболее неблагоприятной при сочетании 2 иСЗ была комбинация, включающая артериальную гипертензию (АГ) и хроническую сердечную недостаточность (ХСН), при сочетании 3 иСЗ комбинация, включающая АГ, ишемическую болезнь сердца (ИБС), ХСН, и при сочетании 4 иСЗ комбинация, включающая АГ, ИБС, ХСН и сахарный диабет. Наличие таких комбинаций приводило к росту риска летального исхода в 3,963, 4,082, 4,215 раза соответственно. Заключение. Полиморбидность, определенная методом простого подсчета заболеваний, может использоваться в реальной практике как фактор риска летальности в остром периоде COVID-19. В состав наиболее часто встречающихся комбинаций из 2, 3, 4 заболеваний у пациентов с COVID-19 входят преимущественно сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (АГ, ИБС, ХСН), сахарный диабет и ожирение. Комбинации этих заболеваний повышают риск летального исхода при COVID-19.

The paper deals with one of the methods for assessing anthropogenic impact of the operation of ship power plants in port areas on the environment. The measurement of mass concentration of particulate matters (PM) in the open air was carried out during summer and winter in eight points of the city that were selected depending on the conditions of orographic characteristics of the area. Moreover, vessel traffic in coastal waters was assessed and information on the number and type of vessels was collected. Based on the data obtained, the total PM volume emitted with exhaust gases from ship power plants in the port areas during a year was calculated.

Spinal cord injury is a complex dynamic process occurring after mechanical damage of the spinal cord and followed by a series...

The paper deals with the influence of refrigerants dissolved in oil on the thermo-physical properties of the lubricant and the operation of friction joints in refrigeration machines. It is demonstrated that in the axial and circumferential directions the bearing temperature, if lubricated with a mixture of T-30 – R-22 is significantly lower than when lubricated with T30 oil.

The paper describes the problem and specifies the key sources of marine pollution. A mathematical mode of particle transfer and settling as well as the parameters of environment turbulence are proposed. A 3D diffusion-advective model discussed in the paper was developed on the basis of “wandering particles” method with the use of random numbers generator for nondeterministic processes simulation. But it has a number of specific features as compared with similar models in practical setting of boundary conditions at water-air boundaries and water-bottom boundaries, description of turbulence of different scales, in taking into account the effects of the initial immersion of a heavy jet, in the effect of flocculation as well as taking into account non-conservatism of the impurity. Different simulation results are presented.

The paper dwells on the problem of identifying the most crucial factors affecting the quality of foreign language learning from the students’ perspective. Quality foreign language education is a disputable issue in 21 century due to the increased global workforce competition. Human capital has a great impact on education as an important factor in shaping a new quality of country’s economy and well-being of society. Foreign language skill is an integral component of highly qualified professionals as the global economic processes make them participate in cross-border business communication. In these conditions the aim of higher education establishments is to provide quality of language learning and teaching that allows future specialists not to distort the meaning in written and oral communication within their professional framework. The two-phase survey conducted among 67 students of the Institute of Management, Economics and Finance of the Kazan Federal University provided with quantitative data. The respondents ranked differently the factors determining the quality of language learning and teaching responses after two years of completing their foreign language education and were generally satisfied with the quality of service rendered. The obtained results give optimistic forecasts regarding the improvement of foreign language education and help reconsider the way of teaching a foreign language basing on the chosen factors.

The transformation of a teacher’s portrait is postulated by the changes happening in society, thus a contemporary teacher is a person equipped with techniques of scientific oeuvre and having flexible mind to adapt to requirements of a professional environment. The graduate of teacher training programs is supposed to apply theoretical knowledge and experience; to use research design; to conduct qualitative, quantitative and practitioner research. To shape competent teacher stakeholders have to create the motivating environment that provokes novice teachers’ loyalty to scientific work, strive to initiate individual research as a factor to boost professional development. The paper aims to give a comprehensive account of Science immersion environment (SIE) in providing appropriate conditions and benefits for novice teachers to enhance their scientific involvement. The basic advantage of SIE is to create fertile ground for profound scientific investigation. The study which lasted 18 months was conducted within the foreign languages department involving 32 novice teachers of KFU. Our two-stage survey provided data for the analysis. The survey demonstrated no strong motive of novice teachers to write scientific papers. However, SIE caused gradual increase in the number of published papers produced by novice teachers. They admitted that all measures taken had a great impact on establishing their way in the scientific community and SEI was said to be an effective tool. The authors observed positive approach to broadening scientific potential and professional lifework of novice teachers. The study proved that novice teachers competency could be achieved through scientific research by forming well-functioning SIE.

This paper highlights the basic components of language teaching content renovation in the context of higher education internationalization. The new status of foreign languages in the modern world today requires scientific development of modern curricula and course syllabus of the discipline. Reforming language teaching content and introducing international component in curricula bring indispensible benefits for higher education institution. Language teaching content comprises interaction of three basic elements of educational system: teaching material – a faculty member – a student. When teaching to communicate professionally in a foreign language at the non-language high school, higher education internationalization requires a new approach to course content of the discipline. Under such approach course content is viewed as an integrative entire which is inseparably associated with all the objectives of higher education establishment. The author identifies the components and main trends of language teaching content renovation, those of globalism and Europeanization. Components of language teaching content renovation considered in the article encourage to develop student's communicative and cross-cultural competencies and to expand knowledge of human global problems.

Foreign language skill is one of the components highly demanded by employers in the sphere of economics, business and finance. Adequate level of foreign language proficiency can be achieved with a thoroughly selected type of assessment which shows the progresses made by graduates and help to adapt teaching techniques and learning standards to changing requirements. Computer based testing and oral type of assessment are common ways to estimate graduates’ foreign language proficiency level. The aim of the present study is to determine the type of assessment which best suits the purpose of higher educational establishment and can be used within graduates’ possibilities. Authors came to the conclusion that both CBT and oral type of assessment should constitute the framework of the assessment procedure and be used in their combination because in that way they respond to the needs of higher educational establishment and comply with graduates’ differences respectively.

The paper dwells on the distinguishing the motives that drive students of vocational training program in terms of foreign language acquisition being the main component of future employment success. In fast-changing world which is teemed with new challenges and career patterns foreign language acquisition is viewed as a foremost aspects of promotion. The aim of the current study was to identify the main motives that drive students of vocational training program for foreign language acquisition and later equip higher education authorities and teaching staff with the data to improve language education complying with the students’ requirements. To find out internal and external motives of the students enrolled to the program at The Educational Center for Professional Communicative Training of Kazan Federal University a questionnaire survey was organized. The results of the research identify that there are differences in students’ priorities of external and internal motives and there is a prevalence of the internal ones. It is accounted for by the fact that students of the program realize the significance of foreign language acquisition for their personal needs and future professional activity. But practically all of them emphasized the same personal and interpersonal factors of internal motivation. The obtained findings will be exploited as recommendations in designing the syllabus and will be of great help in choosing the appropriate forms and techniques in carrying out the course.

Competitiveness on a labour market makes specialists be involved in self-development projects connected with widening their background knowledge. Vocational training programs provide foreign language education to help specialists be promoted in multinational companies as language and culture misunderstanding are seen as real career trials. The paper suggests the analysis of the cultural aspect in coursebook materials for the vocational training program at the Educational Center for Professional Communicative Training of Kazan Federal University. The research aims at collating the syllabus requirements to the cultural aspect in a coursebook materials. The data obtained throughout the analysis afforded ground for deciding on the coursebook that best meets syllabus requirements due to multi-aspect approach to cultural knowledge acquisition. At the end of the vocational training course students would demonstrate cultural knowledge which allows to adapt to foreign environment, to overcome mentality differences in doing business, traditions and customs thus satisfying learners’ realworld professional demands.

Poincare maps are derived to describe antiphase spiking in class B multimode lasers. Analytical conditions are determined for phase synchronization and clustering of spikes associated with different longitudinal laser modes. Stabilization of splay states is proved in presence of small external signal.

Spontaneous pulsations of intensities, continuous change of instantaneous phase difference between counterrunning waves on (pi) transition from negative to positive tuning while their mean phase difference remains unaltered as well as jumps on 2(pi) mean phase differences were found in a four- frequency ring gas class-A laser with elliptically polarized eigenstates in the presence of linear coupling.