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Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), originated around the Caspian and Black Sea, is an important fruit tree species of economic interest, and hence, breeding and conservation are requested (. Genetic analysis at the molecular level can be used effectively to study molecular polymorphism existing between intraspecific and interspecific tree species and phylogenetic relationships between them and their hybrids. The purpose of this study was to characterize and determine genetic relationships among the sweet cherry native genotypes belonging to Fruit Research & Development Station Bistrita, Romania, using RAPD markers. To eliminate the existence of possible synonyms from national romanian collection, we collect four Van cultivars, from four different national collection. For molecular analysis of the 16 varieties of sweet cherry were considered 13 RAPD primers selected from the literature. They were later used to determine the genetic variability at the molecular level using PAST program, and the dendrogram was generated based on Jaccard’s genetic distance. The dendrogram constructed by PAST software. The quantity and quality of the DNA obtained was suitable to achieve PCR amplification step. Only seven out of the 13 RAPD primers have generate polymorphic bands. The rest of seven were monomorphics. The most polymorphic primer was OPB10 which generated 11 bands from which 100% were polymorphic.Seven RAPD primers generated a high level of polymorphism which allowed to divide these cherry varieties into two groups according to their genetic geographical origin and the pedigree.

PHENOTIPICAL AND CITOLOGICAL MODIFICATIONS AT SAINFOIN (Onobrychis viiifolia Scop) TREATED WITH GAMMA RAYS In order to make the experiences it was used the “Splendid” sainfoin cultivar, created at USAMV Cluj. To induce the mutations there were used gamma rays in doses of 25, 50, 75 and 100 Kr. The treated seeds were sown on a certain chosen field, the plant being watched in M1 and M2 generations, respectively the 2nd and the 3rd vegetation year. It was followed the effect of the mutagen agents at the level of some productivity elements as plants` height, weight, offspring’s number and flowering number on plants. It was noticed that in general, mutagen agents have a depression effect upon the productivity elements. Concerning the effect of gamma rays upon the frequency of chromosomal aberrations, it is noticed a direct correlation between mutagen dose and aberrations frequency

STUDY REGARDING SOME PRODUCTIVITY ELEMENTS OF SEVERAL SAIFOIN GENOTYPES (Onobrychis vicifolia Scop.) 24 sainfoid genotypes were taken into study, in the 2nd vegetation year and seven genotypes in the 3rd vegetation year. The features followed were: green weight production, dry weight production and seed production. The analyzed genotypes were tested in a comparative competition culture, for 4 years. There were made phonological observations regarding the capacity of plants to grow in spring, the rhythm of growing, capacity to regenerate after mowing. Also it was followed the phytosanitary stage. During the 2nd vegetation year it was shown an increased green weight production between 2 and 27,1%. Regarding the seed production, the differences towards the variant control are between 6,3 and 28,7.

Nine tomato cultivars for fresh consumption and processing were evaluated for fruit quality at the Fruit Research Station Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The height of the fruits was between 46.7 mm (Red River) and 59.8 mm (Chico Grande), the diameter of the fruits oscillated between 48.0 mm (Event) and 72.4 mm (Natalia) and the form of the fruits was different from one variety to another: spherical for Indiana, high spherical for Chico Grande, Event, Jet, Montego and Line Cluj 8-2002, flattened spherical for Perla Clujului, Natalia and Red River. All the cultivars had fruits with firm flesh; the best firmness was represented by Chico Grande, Event and Line Cluj 8-2002, all these having been prescript as potential genitors for creation of the new varieties with a good firmness of the fruits. It was identified a strong correlation between the shape index and the firmness of the fruits (r = 0.784), which demonstrated that the high-spherical fruits had a more firm flesh than the flattened ones. The dry matter content of the fruits oscillated between 5.26% for Indiana and 8.25% for Natalia, these two varieties also providing the extreme limits for the sugar content: 4.58% (Indiana) and 6.25% (Natalia). The Mature Fruit Yield (MFY) was correlated in a strong and positive way to the dry matter content of the fruits and with their vitamin C content. Between the Total Fruit Yield (TFY) and the dry matter content of the fruits there was a positive correlation (r = 0.843). The weight of the fruits was significantly correlated to all the chemical traits of the fruits (the content of dry matter, ascorbic acid, sugar and titrable acids). The varieties obtained at Cluj-Napoca, Natalia and Perla Clujului, with fruits rich in sugar and in vitamin C were recommended as genitors in tomato breeding in order to create new cultivars with fruits proper for processing on a high level.

Nine tomato varieties, hybrids F1 and selection (Perla Clujului, Natalia, Chico Grande, Indiana, Red River, Event, Jet, Montego, Cluj 8-2002) have been tested for their yield characteristics and compared in order to experiment and control, at Fruit Research Station Cluj-Napoca (FRS Cluj-Napoca), Romania. All the cultivars presented a low height of the plants and a low number of sprouts, respectively multi-stage fruiting, which makes them fit for industrial exploitation. Of all the analysed cultivars, Chico Grande, Event, Jet, Montego and Line Cluj 8-2002 had the required characteristics, all expressed on a high level, which makes them possible genitors for future breeding programmes. The Early Fruit Yield (EFY), at least for the conditions from Central Transylvania, was quite high in all the cultivars. Besides the Chico Grande variety, early high productions were obtained from hybrid Jet, Line Cluj 8-2002, Red River and Natalia. The Total Fruit Yield oscillated between 58.0 tons per hectare (Indiana) and 63.0 tons per hectare (Natalia). Besides Natalia, high productions were also obtained from the other varieties created at Cluj-Napoca such as: Perla Clujului and Line Cluj 8-2002 (both of them had a production of 60.8 tons per hectare). Between Total Fruit Yield and Mature Fruit Yield there was registered a strong correlation, the two types of production increase and decrease together, all the time, both in the same direction. There is also a significant positive correlation between the Total Fruit Yield and the weight of the fruit.

The phenotypic effect and the mutations frequency very much depend on the genetic background in which they produce and become manifest, as well as on the gene nature or the genetic material upon which the inductive agent drives. There were taken under study two Vicia faba L. genotypes. There were applied mutagen treatments with gamma rays in seven doses, both at dry seeds and wet seeds. The observations were carried out on three generations. The following features were tracked down: the plant height, the number of fertile pods/plant, the number of sterile pods/plant and the seed weight/plant. In the present paper the data obtained in the M3 generation are displayed. The study has revealed some negative effects, such as the increase of the number of sterile pods, but at the same time some favorable changes. Hence, statistically insured differences were obtained for the plant height, the number of seeds/plant or their weight. The positive values were recorded at the level DL 50 %. One can notice the differentiated reaction of the two genotypes at the dose of the mutagen agent and the different reaction to the type of the treatment applied (at dry or wet seeds).

The valuable characteristics of red clover (productivity, resistance to biotic and non-biotic factors, as well as quality) depend on a series of morphological and physiological traits, which, in turn, are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The purpose of our research, carried out at Cluj-Napoca, was to study the variability of the morphological and physiological traits of 45 diploid red clover cultivars, as well as their impact on productivity and the quality of the forage. In the breeding programmes carry out at Cluj-Napoca, in order to improve the morphological traits responsible for green matter yields, recommend that cultivars from Central and Western Europe should be used (subvar. intermedium). Were noticed, within this subvariety, the cultivars originating from Switzerland (Renova, Ruttinova), because of their increased earliness and good after-cut regeneration capacity. The late North-European cultivars (var. serotinum) are valuable for increasing the leaf percentage and cold resistance. It was noticed that cold resistance is a characteristic of this variety and that there is no obvious variability among the cultivars from that area. The cultivars with very good resistance to mildew powder were those from southern Europe (subvar. praecox); this characteristic is one of the most important goals of the breeding programmes in the origin area, given the specific climatic conditions (increased soil and air drought).

Several traits of growth on greenhouse carnation were analysed at seven varieties, growing both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro culture, proliferation and root formation were more intense in Pink Sol, Caribe and Tanga than in Pink Sim, Obor and Domingo cultivars. The highest intervarietal variability, under in vivo conditions, was recorded for the number of flowers per plant and number of petals per flower, while in vitro all analysed characters showed an extremely large span of variability values (s% = 26.5 - 109.1). The heritability in broad sense showed high values for the analysed characters, both in vivo (H2 = 0.548 - 0.992) and in vitro (H2 = 0.688 -0.953) conditions. There has been noted a tight positive and negative correlation among a lot of the traits of plants, both in vivo and in vitro. Correlations among the desirable traits can be used as selection indices, in carnation breeding.

In eight hybrid combinations in which one of the parents (either maternal of paternal) was cv. Pink Traminer (Gewurztraminer), 2.284 F1 individuals have been analyzed concerning the maturity of grapes. Obvious differences were noted among different combinations and within the same combination, depending on whether Pink Traminer had been used as a maternal or paternal genitor. These data suggest a possible maternal effect on the analyzed characteristic. Grape maturity seemed to be polygenicall inherited, heritability (in broad sense) showing high values while the one in narrow sense small and very small values, suggesting that additivity is not playing the most important role in the inheritance of this character in grapes.

The architectural ideotype - type of growing - was studied in a topcross experiment with five hybrid combinations in which Cluj 72-2-100 selection, typical spur, was used as a maternal tester. The analyzed seedlings were at the end of their sixth year of vegetation. There were no significant differences among the five hybrid combinations concerning the distributions of F1 seedling in the four accepted ideotypes (columnar, spur, standard, and weeping). A high variability was found for ideotype (between 18.8% in Cluj 72-2-100 x Napoca and 34.4% in Cluj 72-2-100 x Red Bartlett). The participation rate of genotype in the phenotypic manifestation of this character is relatively low. The coefficient of heritability in broad sense was 0.29 and the coefficient of heritability in narrow sense was very low, 0.001.

A simple zero-order proportional feedback technique for stabilizing unknown fixed points is described. The technique employs either artificially created or natural stable fixed point to find the coordinates of the unknown unstable fixed point. Four physical examples have been investigated, namely the mechanical pendulum, the autonomous Duffing damped oscillator, the van der Pol oscillator, and the Lorenz system have been considered both analytically and numerically.

The purpose of the paper is to show that analogue electronic modelling is an extremely fast technique compared to conventional digital computing, especially when solving large sets of coupled nonlinear differential equations. An array of thirty FitzHugh–Nagumo type electronic oscillators, modelling dynamics of the brain neurons, is considered. The decrease of time consumption by a factor of several thousands is demonstrated. The work delivers a perspective of how to implement convenient analogue models of complex dynamical networks.

IN VITRO MICROPROPAGATION OF SAINFOIN (ONOBRYCHIS VICIIFOLIA SCOP.) For the in vitro micropropagation there were used two types of explants, apexes and stem knots freshly inoculated. We took copse of different sizes, originating from plants situated in different years of vegetation (I, II, III). The incubated sainfoin knots and apexes were examined from the point of view of their in vitro behaviour regarding the regeneration, multiplication and striking root, depending on the hormonal balance from the culture medium and on the age of the donor plant. The viability and regeneration percentage of the sainfoin knot is comprised between 92 and 95 %, indifferently to the hormonal balance. The viability percentage of the apex is smaller than that of the knot, but its regeneration and multiplication capacity is higher. The regeneration degree is directly proportional with the age of the donor plant.

THE VARIABILITY OF SOME QUANTITATIVE FEATURES INVOLVED IN THE FODDER YIELD AT SAINFOIN (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is an important fodder plant, adapted to dry or semi-arid areas, where the cultivation of alfalfa or clover is limited to the environmental climax. Sainfoin is a fodder with a very high palatability. It does not induce meteorism when it is used in animal nutrition as green mass. It is a species that has an extremely marked intra-individual variability. The improvement of this species aims mainly at the yield of green and dry mass, the yield of seeds and the fodder quality. There have been observed 20 sainfoin genotypes, situated in the second year of vegetation. Determinations have been made at cuttings I, II and III. The results obtained for the second year of vegetation emphasize the fact that the newly created genotypes are characterised, besides by the regeneration capacity, by an obvious perenniality.

Vicia faba L. is an annual plant useful both in man's and animal's nutrition. Horsebean seeds are rich in protein thus being an excellent source of lysine. One major drawback with these is the presence of vicins, co-vicins and tannins in the seed cover. Researches were carried out at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca and focused upon certain cytogenetically aspects; also, on the biology of flowering and vegetation period.