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Psychosis is associated with self-stigmatization and loss of social functioning that increase the severity of the disorder. Psychological inflexibility (PI)—an individual’s tendency to suppress undesirable private events—plays a fundamental role in the emergence and worst prognosis of psychosis. The main objective of this study was to analyze whether self-stigma and social functioning mediate the association of PI with the severity of psychosis in adults with chronic schizophrenia. The study was carried out with a sample of 103 outpatients. The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, and the Social Functioning Scale were used for clinical assessments. Data analyses were performed by using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results showed that the link between PI and the severity of psychosis is not direct, but is better explained by mediation of the self-stigma and social functioning of those assessed. PI also predicts worse social functioning without the need to take self-stigma into account. Moreover, self-stigma alone does not predict the severity of psychotic symptoms; this relationship has to be mediated by social functioning. These findings suggest that interventions designed to increase psychological flexibility, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), may offer an alternative to attenuate the negative impact of self-stigma and to improve the social functioning.

Research evidence points to a critical period of about five years after the first psychotic episode, being its resolution of utmost importance for the chronicity of the disorder. In addition, several studies suggest the high correlation between adult psychosis and childhood adversity, and a dose-response relationship in severity level.

Introducción: El acoso escolar es un fenómeno presente en todos los centros escolares y sus consecuencias sobre la salud mental de las víctimas pueden ser muy importantes. Las personas trans viven muchas veces con un estigma social que las hace más proclives a sufrir discriminación. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las características del acoso escolar en personas trans y su relación con el autoconcepto, así como establecer una comparación con un grupo control cisgénero. Método: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 68 participantes. El grupo experimental estuvo compuesto por 34 personas trans. El grupo control estuvo compuesto por 34 personas de características sociodemográficas similares. Resultados: La prevalencia del acoso escolar es del 20,1% en personas trans. No hay diferencias significativas en acoso escolar respecto al grupo control. Tampoco se encontraron diferencias respecto al autoconcepto ni otras variables sociodemográficas. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados no apoyan la idea, señalada por otros autores, de que las personas trans experimentan mayor acoso escolar ni un menor autoconcepto. Se ha hallado que reciben más agresiones basadas en objetos y maltrato físico que las personas cisgénero acosadas. Introduction. Bullying is a phenomenon present in all schools and its consequences on the mental health of victims can be very important. Trans people often live with a social stigma that makes them more prone to discrimination. The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of bullying in trans people and its relationship with self-concept, as well as to establish a comparison with a cisgender control group. Method: The sample was made up of 68 participants. The experimental group was made up of 34 trans people. The control group was made up of 34 people with similar sociodemographic characteristics. Results: The prevalence of bullying is 20.1% in trans people. There are no significant differences in bullying compared to the control group. There were also no differences regarding self-concept or other sociodemographic variables. Conclusions: Our results do not support the idea, pointed out by other authors, that trans people experience more bullying or less self-concept. They have been found to receive more object-based assaults and physical abuse than harassed cisgender people

The high demand of assistance made by trans people in recent years has directed the focus of research towards the study of their clinical and sociodemographic aspects. The objective of this work was to compare and analyze some sociodemographic variables in trans people in two periods: the period when the unit began to operate and the most recent period.A sample of 131 users who attended the Gender Identity Treatment Unit of the Principality of Asturias (UTIGPA) between 2015-2019 was compared with a sample of 33 who attended between 2007-2009. Data were extracted from medical records.Regarding 2007-2009, in 2015-2019 the ratio is inverted in favor of Trans Men (TM). Users of both genders request consultation at an earlier age (specially TM), come less from abroad, achieve higher educational and work qualifications, are less unemployed and request more name changes. And, although Trans Women (TW) continue to be those who are mostly engaged in prostitution and self-administration of hormones, in the most recent period they report it less and, furthermore, they live more accompanied tan in the past.Changes are observed in the sociodemographic variables of UTIGPA users between 2007-2009 and 2015-2019, in the direction of a greater inclusion. However, the sociodemographic conditions of the TW are still at a disadvantage in comparison to those of the TM.

Background: Trans people may find themselves in a situation of social discrimination, reflected in their health and in the lack of scientific research. The minority stress theory points out the importance of social support for the stress of sexual or gender minorities. This study aims to explore social support and its dimensions in this population. Method: 81 people participate, of which 36 are trans and 45 non-trans (cisgender), as a control group. The Mos Social Support Survey is applied to measure perceived social support and a questionnaire with sociodemographic variables. Results: The results show that there are no differences in the perceived social support between both groups. However, sociodemographic variables such as having a partner, age, and employment situation show change for the trans population in some dimensions. Conclusion: These findings promote future lines of research that expand the knowledge of these variables in this group.

The little research there is about suicidal behaviour in those with gender dysphoria indicates that they are at a much higher risk of death by suicide and suicidal behaviour than the general population. The objective of this research is to analyse the prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts reported by people who attended consultations at the Gender Identity Treatment Unit between 2007 and 2017 presenting complaints related to gender dysphoria.An ex-post facto study with a sample of 151 people who were clients at the unit, 97 in the male to female trans group, 54 female to male. Clinical evaluations were carried out assessing variables of suicidal ideation and attempts, along with a possible psychiatric diagnosis.Almost half (48.3%) reported suicidal ideation, 23.8% had attempted suicide.There are higher levels of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in people with gender dysphoria than in the general population. No differences were seen between groups in terms of gender/sex. Psychiatric morbidity was not an influential variable for suicidal behaviour. This suggests that suicidal ideation is one of the best indicators of the risk of suicidal behaviours.

Previous studies usually refer to a greater repertoire of sexual behav-iors and a higher level of erotophilia in men than in women. The main goal of this work is to relate sex, gender roles and sexual attitudes to sexual behavior.411 un-dergraduate students (218 women and 193 men) at theof University of Oviedo (Spain) completed the following instruments: the Bem Sex Roles Inventory to operationalize the variable gender, the Sexual Inventory which reflects sexual behaviors, and the Sexual Opinion Survey about sexual attitudes.27% of the sample was typified as an-drogynous. There are were no differences in attitudes, either by sex (p= .50) or by gen-der (p= .77). Sexual behaviors depended on the degree of erotophilia (p= .000).the results suggest that, although regarding sex, the fact that womenrsquo;s erotophilic attitudes have increased their erotophilic attitudes, although they refer to more conventional sexual behaviors than mensrsquo;s attitudes. With regard to gender, a tendency towards androgyny is observed, androgynous women and men report positive attitudes towards sexuality. Gender could act as a mediator of sexual behavior through the attitudinal component.

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizary reflexionar sobre los cambios introducidos en losEstandares Asistenciales (EA) de la 7a version dela Asociacion Mundial de Profesionales para la saludTransgenero (World Profesional Association forTransgender Health, WPATH, 2011). Intenta despatologizarsustituyendo el diagnostico “trastorno deidentidad de genero” por “disforia de genero” y seamplia la poblacion objeto de atencion y las opcionesde tratamiento. No es un prerrequisito realizar laexperiencia de la vida real y/o psicoterapia para eltratamiento hormonal, elimina la obligatoriedad deltratamiento hormonal para la cirugia de mamas y lacomorbilidad psiquiatrica no excluye necesariamenteel acceso a las terapias hormonal y quirurgica. Unode los apartados mas controvertidos es el dedicado aninos y adolescentes. Los nuevos estandares asistencialessuponen una superacion del modelo dicotomicotradicional, estableciendo que el genero sentido yexpresado no tiene porque ir indisolublemente ligadoal sexo biologico. Palabras clave: Estandares asistenciales;disforia de genero; trastorno de la identidad de genero;transexualismo. ABSTRACT:The aim of this presentation is toanalyse and reflect on the changes brought inthe Care Standards of the 7th version of WPATH(World Professional for Transgender Health).It attempts to depathologize replacing the Diagnostic“Gender Identity Disorders” by “GenderDysphoria” and extends the target population andtreatment options. It is not a prerequisite to carryout the real life experience and/or psychotherapyfor the hormonal treatment, the obligation to carryout the hormonal treatment for breast surgery isremoved and the psychiatric comorbidity does notneccesarily exclude the access to the hormonaland surgical therapy. One of the most controversialsections is the one dedicated to children andteenager treatment. The new standards involve anovercoming of the traditional dycotomic model,setting that gender, felt and expressed, does notneed to be inextricably linked to biological sex.Key words: Standard of Care; gender dysphoria;gender identity disorder; transexualism

The study aims to determine the rate of dual diagnosis (DD), examine the most common mental disorders, and determine whether a history of childhood sexual/physical abuse (CSA/CPA) is associated with this phenomenon. One-hundred and eighty inmates from a Spanish prison were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the Addiction Severity Index–6. The data showed that 46.8% of the males and 65.1% of the females had a substance use disorder. With regard to CPA, similar percentages were found in both genders. Nevertheless, rates of CSA were highest in females. Logistic regression analysis was performed by gender. CPA was predictor of DD for males, and CSA was predictor of DD for females, showing the greatest weight. In addition, in both cases, the number of drugs of abuse was an adequate predictor. We can state that these forms of maltreatment are risk factors for the development of a broad range of psychopathological problems.

Hormonal treatments have been used in adolescents with gender dysphoria in the last decade. The professionals working in gender dysphoria treatment units cannot ignore this new demand. The evolution of care for such adolescents according to the last three versions of the Standards of Care (SC) of the World Professional Association for Transgender Health is described. Starting with the fifth version of the SC, hormonal treatment of adolescents has been contemplated. Recent protocols for hormonal intervention carried out by specialized clinics are analyzed. Finally, the pros and cons of hormonal treatment are debated. These hormonal interventions have major impact on the physical, social, and psychosexual development of patients and have ethical and moral implications for professionals.

The purpose of this research is to analyze some clinical variables in a sample of 19 female transsexuals (FT) (male to female) and 14 male transsexuals (MT) (female to male) who have made a claim for gender dysphoria to the public health service. Subject selection was done after they were diagnosed of transsexualism according to diagnostic criteria of the ICD-10 and the DSM-IV-TR, and complies with standards of care of The Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association. The results show that FT take more hormones and for more years and undergo a greater number of surgeries (feminizing), especially on the face, but also on the body. Most transsexuals are heterosexual. Whereas 10% of FTs are attracted to women, no MTs manifest a homosexual orientation and, lastly, a high percentage of the sample experiences real life in all the contexts of their lives, in similar proportions for FTs and MTs.

In recent years there has been further liberalization of sexual behavior in the Western world, this tendency manifests itself especially in adolescents. The aim of the present study is of knowing the sexual behaviors of our young persons, as well as the unsafe sexual behaviors, in order to know those variables that could be involved in these behaviors. The study was carried out by 815 students (54,6 % girls and 45,4 % boys), through of an auto-report. Were observed few differences between the sexual practices and the age of beginning between boys and girls. The condom was the method of the first choice in the first sexual relation coital. The consumption of alcohol and the quantity of sexual pairs are risk conducts exercised in major measure for the boys. On the other hand, the girls are protected from sexually transmitted diseases, but there is increase of abortions, for what it would be necessary to affect in a better protection. En los últimos años se ha observado una mayor liberalización de los comportamientos sexuales en el mundo occidental, esta tendencia se manifiesta de forma especial en los adolescentes. El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar una aproximación a las variables que pueden estar influyendo en el comportamiento sexual de riesgo de los adolescentes y a la posible diferencia de sexos. Participaron 815 estudiantes españoles (54,6% mujeres y 45,4% hombres), mediante la aplicación de un auto-informe. Se observaron pocas diferencias entre las prácticas sexuales y la edad de inicio entre hombres y mujeres. El preservativo fue el método de elección en la primera relación sexual coital. El consumo de alcohol y la cantidad de parejas sexuales fueron las conductas de riesgo más asociadas con los hombres. Por otra parte, las mujeres se protegen de enfermedades de transmisión sexual, pero hay incremento de abortos, por lo que sería necesario incidir en una mejor protección.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the relation between gender and sex with the sexual behavior of adolescents. The sample comprised 815 teenagers (M=15.65, Sd.=1.42). The assessment instruments were the BEM Sex Role Inventory, the Sexual Opinion Survey, the Questionnaire of Risk Perception of Bayés and a questionnaire designed for the study. The results revealed that the majority of adolescents do not match the traditional gender stereotypes, defining themselves as adrogynes (34.4%). The teenagers who are defined as adrogynes or masculine carry out more sexual behaviors, and who display more erotophilia. The need to include the variable "gender" as a category of analysis in research on sexual behavior is indicated.