89 results on '"Elena Galán"'
Search Results
2. A systematic review of non-productivity-related animal-based indicators of heat stress resilience in dairy cattle.
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Elena Galán, Pol Llonch, Arantxa Villagrá, Harel Levit, Severino Pinto, and Agustín Del Prado
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
INTRODUCTION:Projected temperature rise in the upcoming years due to climate change has increased interest in studying the effects of heat stress in dairy cows. Environmental indices are commonly used for detecting heat stress, but have been used mainly in studies focused on the productivity-related effects of heat stress. The welfare approach involves identifying physiological and behavioural measurements so as to start heat stress mitigation protocols before the appearance of impending severe health or production issues. Therefore, there is growing interest in studying the effects of heat stress on welfare. This systematic review seeks to summarise the animal-based responses to heat stress (physiological and behavioural, excluding productivity) that have been used in scientific literature. METHODS:Using systematic review guidelines set by PRISMA, research articles were identified, screened and summarised based on inclusion criteria for physiology and behaviour, excluding productivity, for animal-based resilience indicators. 129 published articles were reviewed to determine which animal-based indicators for heat stress were most frequently used in dairy cows. RESULTS:The articles considered report at least 212 different animal-based indicators that can be aggregated into body temperature, feeding, physiological response, resting, drinking, grazing and pasture-related behaviour, reactions to heat management and others. The most common physiological animal-based indicators are rectal temperature, respiration rate and dry matter intake, while the most common behavioural indicators are time spent lying, standing and feeding. CONCLUSION:Although body temperature and respiration rate are the animal-based indicators most frequently used to assess heat stress in dairy cattle, when choosing an animal-based indicator for detecting heat stress using scientific literature to establish thresholds, characteristics that influence the scale of the response and the definition of heat stress must be taken into account, e.g. breed, lactation stage, milk yield, system type, climate region, bedding type, diet and cooling management strategies.
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- 2018
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3. Electrical properties and mechanical stability of anchoring groups for single-molecule electronics
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Riccardo Frisenda, Simge Tarkuç, Elena Galán, Mickael L. Perrin, Rienk Eelkema, Ferdinand C. Grozema, and Herre S. J. van der Zant
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anchoring groups ,coherent transport ,current–voltage ,molecular electronics ,single molecule ,Technology ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 ,Science ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
We report on an experimental investigation of transport through single molecules, trapped between two gold nano-electrodes fabricated with the mechanically controlled break junction (MCBJ) technique. The four molecules studied share the same core structure, namely oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE3), while having different aurophilic anchoring groups: thiol (SAc), methyl sulfide (SMe), pyridyl (Py) and amine (NH2). The focus of this paper is on the combined characterization of the electrical and mechanical properties determined by the anchoring groups. From conductance histograms we find that thiol anchored molecules provide the highest conductance; a single-level model fit to current–voltage characteristics suggests that SAc groups exhibit a higher electronic coupling to the electrodes, together with better level alignment than the other three groups. An analysis of the mechanical stability, recording the lifetime in a self-breaking method, shows that Py and SAc yield the most stable junctions while SMe form short-lived junctions. Density functional theory combined with non-equlibrium Green’s function calculations help in elucidating the experimental findings.
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- 2015
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4. Mujer y ámbito laboral en la ficción española sobre la Transición
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Carlota Coronado Ruiz and Elena Galán Fajardo
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Mujer ,género ,transición ,mundo laboral ,televisión ,ficción ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Este artículo pretende estudiar, desde una perspectiva de género, el discurso construido alrededor de la mujer y los avances laborales conseguidos en las últimas décadas, en las series de televisión españolas ambientadas en el período histórico de la Transición. Se han seleccionado para ello dos ejemplos representativos: Cuéntame cómo pasó (TVE-1, 2001) y La chica de ayer (Antena 3, 2009). El análisis se centra en los conflictos profesionales planteados en ese momento histórico y su evolución posterior, partiendo de una concepción presentista.
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- 2017
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5. Sistemas agrarios sustentables y transiciones en el metabolismo agrario: desigualdad social, cambios institucionales y transformaciones del paisaje en Catalunya (1850-2010)
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Enric Tello and Elena Galán del Castillo
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transición socio-ecológica ,metabolismo social agrario ,funcionamiento ecológico de los paisajes ,desigualdad social ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 - Abstract
¿Cómo mantuvieron los agricultores la fertilidad del suelo a medida que iban cultivando la misma tierra durante décadas y siglos? ¿Cómo transferían energía y nutrientes (carbono, nitrógeno, potasio, fósforo) a través del paisaje agrario para fertilizar las cosechas? ¿Cómo estructuraban los campesinos aquellos paisajes (tierras de labor, pastos, bosques, agua) para sustentar sus comunidades, mantener la productividad a largo plazo y obtener beneficios? Con este artículo resumimos los resultados del proyecto de investigación en curso sobre la última etapa de las agriculturas orgánicas en Cataluña, y acabamos apuntando líneas futuras por las que seguirá nuestra investigación.
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- 2013
6. Historias en el universo transmedia: El proyecto The Beatles Anthology
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José Carlos Rueda Laffond and Elena Galán Fajardo
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Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
El presente estudio aborda algunos aspectos del proyecto The Beatles Anthology (1995-2000) como ejemplo de creatividad simbólica y propuesta transmedia de memoria, mediante una perspectiva propia de la historia de la comunicación social y la interpretación narrativa. Se propone un enfoque comparado, que sitúa The Beatles Anthology en una secuencia histórica más amplia sobre la transmediación de la obra musical e icónica del grupo británico. Finalmente, aborda las respuestas suscitadas desde diversas comunidades interpretativas.
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- 2013
7. ¿Tontas y locas?: Género y movimientos sociales en la ficción televisia sobre la Transición Española
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Carlota Coronado and Elena Galán
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Mujer ,feminismo ,movimientos sociales ,Transición Española ,Televisión ,Ficción histórica televisiva. ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform ,HN1-995 - Abstract
En la última década se ha puesto de moda la ficción histórica televisiva y en España se han llevado a la pequeña pantalla historias ambientadas en el pasado más reciente como la dictadura franquista o la Transición. En series como Cuéntame cómo pasó o La chica de ayer se representa la sociedad española de entonces, así como los movimientos políticos y sociales que surgieron en aquellos años, entre ellos, el feminismo. A través de este estudio se analiza la imagen que estas series han transmitido sobre los movimientos feministas y sobre la mujer en la Transición.
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- 2015
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8. Narrativizando la historia: un enfoque interdisciplinar aplicado al relato televisivo
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Elena Galán-Fajardo and José Carlos Rueda-Laffond
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Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Journalism. The periodical press, etc. ,PN4699-5650 - Abstract
¿Es posible transmitir contenidos de historia, compitiendo en prime-time y en un canal de televisión generalista? ¿Es posible, además, atraer la atención de un público popular? En este artículo de reflexión se establecen diferentes claves ¿teóricas y metodológicas¿ para la valoración del espacio televisivo Algo habrán hecho (por la historia argentina).Consideramos que este formato reúne las principales características de la televisión contemporánea: hibridación de géneros, sincretismo entre realidad y ficción, fragmentación, e innovación en las formas de representación didáctica del pasado. Desde dichos ejes, este trabajo plantea una perspectiva interpretativa de corte interdisciplinar, de carácter narrativo e histórico.
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- 2011
9. Water tanks as ecosystems. Local ecosystemic perception for integral management of water tanks in Tamil Nadu, South India
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Pere Ariza, Elena Galán, Tarik Serrano, and Victoria Reyes-García
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tanque de agua ,ecosistema ,gestión integral ,percepción social ,india del sur ,participación ,Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology ,GN301-674 - Abstract
Los tanques de agua (water tanks) ofrecen desde hace siglos soluciones en el Sur de la India a los problemas derivados de la escasez de agua. Son un sistema tradicional de recogida de agua de lluvia ampliamente distribuido por este territorio, que permite una potencial gestión de los propios recursos a nivel local, descentralizada y participativa. Aunque la principal función de los tanques de agua es la irrigación, existen muchos otros usos, funciones y recursos naturales asociados a ellos que permiten la inclusión de muchos más actores de la comunidad, aparte de aquellos agricultores que aprovechan la irrigación. Los tanques de agua configuran además una variedad de paisaje y biodiversidad, creando una valiosa heterogeneidad territorial. La complejidad de este ecosistema debe ser gestionada con una perspectiva integral que considere todos los elementos vinculados y las relaciones entre ellos, entendiendo que los tanques de agua no son simplemente depósitos de agua. Este estudio multidisciplinar intenta demostrar el concepto de tanques de agua entendidos como ecosistemas, describiendo y analizando de una manera profunda novedosa las funciones, usos, recursos naturales y actores. La investigación se centra también en el análisis de la percepción ecosistémica de la población local de algunas comunidades en Tamil Nadu (India del Sur), empleando diversas metodologías antropológicas. Abstract Water tanks offer from many centuries ago solutions in South India for several problems related with water scarcity. They are a traditional water harvesting system wide spread in this territory, allowing a potential decentralized and participatory management of the local population on their own resources. Although water tanks’ main function is irrigation, they have many other uses, functions and natural resources associated, involving stakeholders in the villages apart from those farmers making use of the irrigation. Water tanks provide a variety of landscapes and biodiversity that creates a valuable heterogeneous territory. The complexity of such an ecosystem should be managed with an integral perspective, considering all the elements involved and their relations, and understanding that water tanks are not just water deposits. This multidisciplinary study tries to demonstrate the idea of water tanks as ecosystems, describing and analyzing deeply and in an unprecedentedly way the functions, uses, natural resources and stakeholders. The research also focuses in the assessment of the ecosystemic perception of the local population of some villages in Tamil Nadu, employing diverse anthropological methodology.
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- 2007
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10. Televisión Iberoamericana: Mujer, realidad social y ficción
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Elena Galán Fajardo
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FICCIÓN ,MUJERES ,SOCIEDAD ,ESPAÑA ,LATINOAMÉRICA ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 - Abstract
A pesar de los cambios, la mujer sigue presente bajo los mismos tópicos y estereotipos. Los estereotipos de género están tan interiorizados en nuestra cultura que se transmiten, a menudo, de un modo indirecto. Refiere sobre la imagen de la mujer latinoamericana a través de la ficción y mujer y realidad social en España.
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- 2007
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11. Cómo contar la historia. Estrategias de proximidad en la televisión argentina
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Elena Galán Fajardo and José Carlos Rueda Laffond
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Representación histórica ,Televisión ,Identidad ,Documental ,Dramatización ,Estrategias de proximidad ,History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ,AZ20-999 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Este artículo de investigación se centra en el análisis del formato televisivo Algo habrán hecho (por la historia argentina), emitido en Canal 13 y Telefé, entre 2005 y 2008. Se considera que la eficacia discursiva de este espacio se relaciona con un uso combinado de distintos recursos que apelan a significaciones de proximidad mediante la interrelación de instrumentos discursivos y con una evocación de corte divulgativo, con el fin de hacer accesible a una audiencia popular la historia pública más reciente.
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- 2014
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12. Jóvenes, ficción televisiva y nuevas tecnologías
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Elena Galán Fajardo and Pino Romero Cristina del
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Televisión ,Nuevas tecnologías ,Internet ,Jóvenes ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 - Abstract
El avance de las tecnologías y el surgimiento de nuevas “ventanas de distribución”, han convertido al televisor en una pantalla más dentro de un entorno “multi-pantalla”. Las generaciones más jóvenes destinan un gran porcentaje de su tiempo libre a internet, ocupando una posición más activa frente a los medios hegemónicos, decidiendo qué quieren ver, cuándo y cómo. Por ello, emisoras y anunciantes han comenzado a plantearse nuevos caminos. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar las ventajas que ofrece la red a los jóvenes para mostrar sus relatos, sin tener que pasar por el interminable circuito de productoras y distribuidoras, prácticamente inaccesibles para ellos, y las estrategias que han ido apareciendo en series de ficción televisivas y juveniles en España (a través de la experiencia piloto de la Web 3.0 de Antena 3 y El Internado).
- Published
- 2009
13. Fuzzy Sets for Modelling Fineness Perception in Texture Images.
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Jesús Chamorro-Martínez, Elena Galán-Perales, and José M. Soto-Hidalgo
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- 2007
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14. Perceptually-Based Functions for Coarseness Textural Feature Representation.
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Jesús Chamorro-Martínez, Elena Galán-Perales, Belén Prados-Suárez, and José M. Soto-Hidalgo
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- 2007
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15. Using Fuzzy Sets for Coarseness Representation in Texture Images.
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Jesús Chamorro-Martínez, Elena Galán-Perales, José M. Soto-Hidalgo, and Belén Prados-Suárez
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- 2007
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16. A Fuzzy Approach to Image Texture Representation Applied to Visual Coarseness Description.
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Jesús Chamorro-Martínez, Elena Galán-Perales, Daniel Sánchez 0001, and Belén Prados-Suárez
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- 2006
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17. Modelling Coarseness in Texture Images by Means of Fuzzy Sets.
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Jesús Chamorro-Martínez, Elena Galán-Perales, Daniel Sánchez 0001, and José M. Soto-Hidalgo
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- 2006
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18. Fuzzy Homogeneity Measures for Path-Based Colour Image Segmentation.
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Jesús Chamorro-Martínez, Daniel Sánchez 0001, Belén Prados-Suárez, and Elena Galán-Perales
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- 2005
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19. Dealing with Multiple Motions in Optical Flow Estimation.
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Jesús Chamorro-Martínez, Javier Martinez-Baena, Elena Galán-Perales, and Belén Prados-Suárez
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- 2005
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20. An Approach to Image Retrieval on Fuzzy Object-Relational Databases using Dominant Color Descriptors.
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Jesús Chamorro-Martínez, Juan Miguel Medina 0001, Carlos D. Barranco, Elena Galán-Perales, and José M. Soto-Hidalgo
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- 2005
21. A hierarchical approach to fuzzy segmentation of colour images.
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Jesús Chamorro-Martínez, Daniel Sánchez 0001, Belén Prados-Suárez, Elena Galán-Perales, and Maria-Amparo Vila
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- 2003
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22. Book reviews - Crítica de libros - Crítica de livros (Historia Agraria, 79)
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Salvador Calatayud Giner, Iker Saitua, Andrea Montero Mora, Rui Santos, Niccolò Mignemi, Juan Carmona, Gabriel Jover Avellà, Elena Galán del Castillo, and Antonio Herrera González de Molina
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010601 ecology ,0106 biological sciences ,History ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Geography, Planning and Development ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Book reviews / Crítica de libros / Crítica de livros: Rosa Congost and Pablo F. Luna (Eds.): Agrarian Change and Imperfect Property: Emphyteusis in Europe (16th to 19th Centuries) Rui Santos Herbert S. Klein and Francisco Vidal Luna: Feeding the World: Brazil’s Transformation into a Modern Agricultural Economy Andrea Montero Mora Joshua Specht: Red Meat Republic: A Hoof-to-Table History of How Beef Changed America Iker Saitua Eva Fraňková, Willi Haas, Simron J. Singh (Eds.): Socio-Metabolic Perspectives on the Sustainability of Local Food Systems. Insights for Science, Policy and Practice Elena Galán del Castillo Jane Whittle (Ed.): Servants in Rural Europe, 1400-1900 Gabriel Jover Fabien Conord: La terre des autres: Le métayage en France depuis 1889 Juan Carmona Jean-Marc Moriceau & Philippe Madeline (Eds.): Les petites gens de la terre. Paysans, ouvriers et domestiques (Moyen Âge-XXIe siècle) Niccolò Mignemi Daniel Lanero (Ed.): El disputado voto de los labriegos: Cambio, conflicto y continuidad política en la España rural (1968-1986) Antonio Herrera González de Molina David Soto Fernández y José Miguel Lana Berasáin (Eds.): Del pasado al futuro como problema: La historia agraria contemporánea española en el siglo XXI Salvador Calatayud Giner
- Published
- 2019
23. Retrieving images in fuzzy object-relational databases using dominant color descriptors.
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Jesús Chamorro-Martínez, Juan Miguel Medina 0001, Carlos D. Barranco, Elena Galán-Perales, and José M. Soto-Hidalgo
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- 2007
- Full Text
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24. Fuzzy homogeneity measures for path-based colour image segmentation.
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Jesús Chamorro-Martínez, Daniel Sánchez 0001, Belén Prados-Suárez, and Elena Galán-Perales
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- 2006
- Full Text
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25. Regional Soil Nutrient Balances for Cropland in 1920s Catalonia, Spain
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Elena Galán and Canadian Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, MICINN
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History ,Soil nutrients ,Environmental science ,Forestry ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Understanding the replacement of soil nutrients removed by harvests makes it possible to understand the influence of humans on long-term soil fertility. This article calculates nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium balances for cropland in 1920 for three agroecoregions distinguished by particular historical settlement patterns, land use, geography, and climatic characteristics in Catalonia, Spain. The analysis assesses and compares the regional potential for farmers to have returned the nutrients extracted from croplands at a time of transition, when only a few synthetic fertilizers were yet available. From sustainability science, the article borrows a methodology to reconstruct soil nutrient balances in historical agroecosystems from available regional historical sources. The soil balances indicate that nutrient extractions were balanced with the additions in Catalonia's wetter Pyrenees and eastern regions, but were in deficit in the arid western regions, where less livestock manure was available. In Barcelona province, farmers made considerable use of synthetic fertilizers already in 1920. Such fertilizers were mainly intended to supplement phosphorus in the eastern region, suggesting that they played an important role there too, where there was not enough manure. I am very grateful to Geoff Cunfer and Laura Larsen for the English language correction and final editing of the text. This research was supported by the Canadian Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, Partnership Grant 895-2011-1020 and the Spanish MICINN JdCF2016 No. FJCI-2016-30263.
- Published
- 2021
26. From water to energy: The virtual water content and water footprint of biofuel consumption in Spain
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Elena, Galan-del-Castillo and Esther, Velazquez
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- 2010
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27. Historias en el universo transmedia: el proyecto The Beatles Anthology
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Laffond, José Carlos Rueda and Fajardo, Elena Galán
- Published
- 2013
28. THE PREVALENCE OF MANDIBULAR MIDLINE DEVIATION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF MALOCCLUSIONS
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Andreea Raluca Hlatcu, Elena Galan, Elina Teodorescu, Stefan Milicescu, Mariana Păcurar, Manuela Chibelean, and Ecaterina Ionescu
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mandibular midline deviation ,prevalence ,malocclusion ,sexual dimorphism ,mandibular asymmetry ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 - Abstract
In this study, the prevalence of mandibular midline deviation in different types of malocclusions were evaluated taking into account sexual dimorphism in patients with mixed and permanent dentition. With the aforementioned aim, a cross-sectional study was carried out on a total of 214 patients (134 females and 80 males) aged between 7-15 years (with a mean age of 9.5 ± 2 years). On the study casts of each subject participating in the study, the displacement of the lower dental midline compared to the upper one was measured in different classes of malocclusion, taking into account sexual dimorphism. Three study groups were formed: first with mandibular midline deviation with values less than 2 mm, second with deviation between 2-4 mm and third with deviation more than 4 mm. Subsequently, the prevalence of the displacement of the lower dental midline was assessed taking into account the sexual dimorphism and the Angle classes malocclusions analyzed (Angle Class I, II/1, II/2, III) and UPC (unilateral posterior crossbite). Mandibular midline deviation greater than 2 mm was observed in more than three quarters (75.7%) of the patients in the studied group. In the five classes of malocclusion, a higher frequency of displacement of the lower dental midline was appreciated in the range of 2-4 mm of 59.8%. In this interval, the highest percentage of displacement was observed in Angle Class II/1 (18.2%), followed by unilateral posterior crossbite UPC (15%) and Angle Class II/2 (13.1%). Most large displacement of the lower dental midline (with a value more 4 mm) was recorded in unilateral posterior crossbite UPC (5.6%). Although the displacement of the mandibular midline was recorded in a slightly increased percentage in males (61.25%) compared to the group of females (58.95%), from a statistical point of view, no notable differences were reported between the two genders. Dental midline deviation changes should be noted and analyzed from the beginning of orthodontic treatment in order not to cause later functional or aesthetic disorder.
- Published
- 2023
29. Impactos y adaptación al cambio climático en rumiantes
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Guillermo Pardo, I. Batalla, Elena Galán, and Agustín del Prado
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Sheep ,Global warming ,Goats ,Cattle ,Climate emergency - Abstract
espanolEl cambio climatico afectara a los sistemas de rumiantes a traves de efectos directos sobre el rendimientode los animales y efectos indirectos sobre la disponibilidad de pastos y forrajes. Como los impactos se-ran muy desiguales entre las diferentes regiones y sistemas de produccion, el sector de rumiantes requeriraestrategias de adaptacion para cada contexto especifico. Este documento de revision examina los prin-cipales impactos del cambio climatico en la productividad animal y forrajera y las principales estrategiasde adaptacion al cambio climatico. Ademas, mostramos diferentes ejemplos de modelizacion a nivel deexplotacion de como el cambio climatico afectara diferentes sistemas de produccion y viendo en que me-dida algunas estrategias de adaptacion pueden mejorar estos impactos. El estres por calor es el factormas importante que afecta los sistemas de produccion de rumiantes en condiciones de cambio climatico,lo que resulta en perdidas de productividad y cambios en la calidad del producto. Para el forraje, se es-pera que la productividad y la calidad del alimento se alteren con los cambios en las concentraciones dedioxido de carbono, temperatura y los patrones de lluvia y factores estresantes (p. ej. ozono). La mag-nitud de los impactos en animales y forrajes dependeran de interacciones complejas entre condicionesambientales especificas, especies, razas, fase del animal o sistemas especificos de produccion. Ademas,los impactos y las adaptaciones al cambio climatico a nivel animal y de alimentacion se traduciran de di-ferentes maneras cuando se considere el nivel de explotacion y el sistema productivo EnglishClimate change will affect ruminant systems through direct effects on animal performance, and indi-rect effects on pasture and forage availability. As impacts will be very unequal amongst different re-gions and production systems, the ruminant sector will require adaptation strategies that are tailoredto each specific context. This review paper examines, first, the main impacts of climate change on ani-mal and forage productivity, followed by a description of the main adaptation strategies to climatechange and finished, by showing different modelling examples at the fam level of how climate changewill impact different production systems, and the extent some adaptation strategies can ameliorate theseimpacts. Heat stress is the most important factor affecting ruminant production systems under climatechange conditions, resulting in productivity losses and changes in product quality. For forage, productivity and quality of the feed is expected to alter with changes in concentrations of carbon dioxide, chan-ges in temperature and rainfall patterns and stressors such as ozone concentration. The extent heatstress and variables affecting feed production can affect ruminant production systems will depend oncomplex interactions between specific ambient conditions, species, breeds, animal stage or productionsystems. Moreover, impacts and adaptations to climate change at the animal and feed level will trans-late in different ways when the farm level and production system is considered
- Published
- 2020
30. Heat stress risk in European dairy cattle husbandry under different climate change scenarios-uncertainties and potential impacts
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Sabrina Hempel, Christoph Menz, Severino Pinto, Elena Galán, David Janke, Fernando Estellés, Theresa Müschner-Siemens, Xiaoshuai Wang, Julia Heinicke, Guoqiang Zhang, Barbara Amon, Agustín del Prado, and Thomas Amon
- Subjects
2. Zero hunger ,0403 veterinary science ,Heat stress risk ,climate change scenarios ,13. Climate action ,040301 veterinary sciences ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,PRODUCCION ANIMAL ,040201 dairy & animal science - Abstract
[EN] In the last decades, a global warming trend was observed. Along with the temperature increase, modifications in the humidity and wind regime amplify the regional and local impacts on livestock husbandry. Direct impacts include the occurrence of climatic stress conditions. In Europe, cows are economically highly relevant and are mainly kept in naturally ventilated buildings that are most susceptible to climate change. The high-yielding cows are particularly vulnerable to heat stress. Modifications in housing management are the main measures taken to improve the ability of livestock to cope with these conditions. Measures are typically taken in direct reaction to uncomfortable conditions instead of in anticipation of a long-term risk for climatic stress. Measures that balance welfare, environmental and economic issues are barely investigated in the context of climate change and are thus almost not available for commercial farms. Quantitative analysis of the climate change impacts on animal welfare and linked economic and environmental factors is rare. Therefore, we used a numerical modeling approach to estimate the future heat stress risk in such dairy cattle husbandry systems. The indoor climate was monitored inside three reference barns in central Europe and the Mediterranean regions. An artificial neuronal network (ANN) was trained to relate the outdoor weather conditions provided by official meteorological weather stations to the measured indoor microclimate. Subsequently, this ANN model was driven by an ensemble of regional climate model projections with three different greenhouse gas concentration scenarios. For the evaluation of the heat stress risk, we considered the number and duration of heat stress events. Based on the changes in the heat stress events, various economic and environmental impacts were estimated. The impacts of the projected increase in heat stress risk varied among the barns due to different locations and designs as well as the anticipated climate change (considering different climate models and future greenhouse gas concentrations). There was an overall increasing trend in number and duration of heat stress events. At the end of the century, the number of annual stress events can be expected to increase by up to 2000, while the average duration of the events increases by up to 22 h compared to the end of the last century. This implies strong impacts on economics, environment and animal welfare and an urgent need for mid-term adaptation strategies. We anticipated that up to one-tenth of all hours of a year, correspondingly one-third of all days, will be classified as critical heat stress conditions. Due to heat stress, milk yield may decrease by about 2.8 % relative to the present European milk yield, and farmers may expect financial losses in the summer season of about 5.4 % of their monthly income. In addition, an increasing demand for emission reduction measures must be expected, as an emission increase of about 16 Gg of ammonia and 0.1 Gg of methane per year can be expected under the anticipated heat stress conditions. The cattle respiration rate increases by up to 60 %, and the standing time may be prolonged by 1 h. This causes health issues and increases the probability of medical treatments. The various impacts imply feedback loops in the climate system which are presently underexplored. Hence, future in-depth studies on the different impacts and adaptation options at different stress levels are highly recommended., This research has been supported by the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) through the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE) (grant nos. 2814ERA02C and 2814ERA03C), the Instituto Nacional de Investigacion Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) (grant no. 618105), the Basque Government (grant no. BERC 2018-2021), the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness MINECO (grant nos. MDM-2017-0714, FJCI-2016-30263, and RYC-2017-22143), and the Innovation Foundation Denmark (grant no. 4215-00004B).
- Published
- 2019
31. Widening the analysis of Energy Return on Investment (EROI) in agro-ecosystems: Socio-ecological transitions to industrialized farm systems (the Vallès County, Catalonia, c.1860 and 1999)
- Author
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Gloria I. Guzmán, M. González de Molina, Geoff Cunfer, V. Sacristán, Roc Padró, Elena Galán, Fridolin Krausmann, Simone Gingrich, I. Marco, Enric Tello, D. Moreno-Delgado, and Universitat de Barcelona
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Natural resource economics ,Landscape ecology ,Biodiversity ,010501 environmental sciences ,Reuse ,01 natural sciences ,Sistemes agrícoles ,Return on investment ,Ecologia del paisatge ,Ecosystem ,Agricultural systems ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,2. Zero hunger ,Biomass (ecology) ,business.industry ,Ecological Modeling ,Fossil fuel ,Environmental resource management ,15. Life on land ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,Biodiversitat ,Ús del sòl ,13. Climate action ,Agriculture ,Land use ,Environmental science ,business - Abstract
Energy balances of farm systems have overlooked the role of energy flows that remain within agro-ecosystems. Yet, such internal flows fulfil important socio-ecological functions, including maintenance of farmers themselves and agro-ecosystem structures. Farming can either give rise to complex landscapes that favour associated biodiversity, or the opposite. This variability can be understood by assessing several types of Energy Returns on Investment (EROI). Applying these measures to a farm system in Catalonia, Spain in 1860 and in 1999, reveals the expected decrease in the ratio of final energy output to total and external inputs. The transition from solar-based to a fossil fuel based agro-ecosystem was further accompanied by an increase in the ratio of final energy output to biomass reused, as well as an absolute increase of Unharvested Phytomass grown in derelict forestland. The study reveals an apparent link between reuse of biomass and the decrease of landscape heterogeneity along with its associated biodiversity.
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- 2016
32. A systematic review of non-productivityrelated animal-based indicators of heat stress resilience in dairy cattle
- Author
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Severino Pinto, Pol Llonch, Arantxa Villagrá, Elena Galán, Agustín del Prado, and H. Levit
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0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Social Sciences ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Body Temperature ,Milk yield ,Heart Rate ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Psychology ,lcsh:Science ,media_common ,Disease Resistance ,Mammals ,Multidisciplinary ,Animal Behavior ,Physics ,Classical Mechanics ,Eukaryota ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Ruminants ,Heat stress ,Body Fluids ,Dairying ,Milk ,Physiological Parameters ,Physical Sciences ,Vertebrates ,Mechanical Stress ,Psychological resilience ,Anatomy ,Research Article ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Cardiology ,Biology ,Heat Stress Disorders ,Beverages ,03 medical and health sciences ,Signs and Symptoms ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Bovines ,Environmental health ,Animals ,Animal behavior ,Hyperthermia ,Productivity ,Heat management ,Dairy cattle ,Nutrition ,Behavior ,lcsh:R ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Organisms ,Rectum ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Rectal temperature ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Diet ,Gastrointestinal Tract ,030104 developmental biology ,Thermal Stresses ,Amniotes ,lcsh:Q ,Cattle ,Digestive System ,Zoology ,Heat-Shock Response - Abstract
Introduction Projected temperature rise in the upcoming years due to climate change has increased interest in studying the effects of heat stress in dairy cows. Environmental indices are commonly used for detecting heat stress, but have been used mainly in studies focused on the productivity-related effects of heat stress. The welfare approach involves identifying physiological and behavioural measurements so as to start heat stress mitigation protocols before the appearance of impending severe health or production issues. Therefore, there is growing interest in studying the effects of heat stress on welfare. This systematic review seeks to summarise the animal-based responses to heat stress (physiological and behavioural, excluding productivity) that have been used in scientific literature. Methods Using systematic review guidelines set by PRISMA, research articles were identified, screened and summarised based on inclusion criteria for physiology and behaviour, excluding productivity, for animal-based resilience indicators. 129 published articles were reviewed to determine which animal-based indicators for heat stress were most frequently used in dairy cows. Results The articles considered report at least 212 different animal-based indicators that can be aggregated into body temperature, feeding, physiological response, resting, drinking, grazing and pasture-related behaviour, reactions to heat management and others. The most common physiological animal-based indicators are rectal temperature, respiration rate and dry matter intake, while the most common behavioural indicators are time spent lying, standing and feeding. Conclusion Although body temperature and respiration rate are the animal-based indicators most frequently used to assess heat stress in dairy cattle, when choosing an animal-based indicator for detecting heat stress using scientific literature to establish thresholds, characteristics that influence the scale of the response and the definition of heat stress must be taken into account, e.g. breed, lactation stage, milk yield, system type, climate region, bedding type, diet and cooling management strategies. © 2018 Galan*E.*Elena et al.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. E.G., H.L. and S.P. were funded by the OPTIBARN Project through the research grant 618105 FACCE Era Net Plus – Food Security, Agriculture, Climate Change ERA-NET plus –JPI). P.L. was funded by the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the Seventh Fram
- Published
- 2018
33. Electrical properties and mechanical stability of anchoring groups for single-molecule electronics
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Elena Galán, Riccardo Frisenda, Rienk Eelkema, Ferdinand C. Grozema, Simge Tarkuc, Herre S. J. van der Zant, and Mickael L. Perrin
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Current-voltage ,Materials science ,molecular electronics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Anchoring ,coherent transport ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,single molecule ,010402 general chemistry ,lcsh:Chemical technology ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:Technology ,Full Research Paper ,currentvoltage ,current–voltage ,Phenylene ,Molecule ,General Materials Science ,lcsh:TP1-1185 ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,lcsh:Science ,lcsh:T ,Conductance ,Molecular electronics ,Molecular scale electronics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Anchoring groups ,Coherent transport ,Single molecule ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,0104 chemical sciences ,Nanoscience ,Crystallography ,anchoring groups ,Density functional theory ,lcsh:Q ,0210 nano-technology ,Break junction ,lcsh:Physics - Abstract
We report on an experimental investigation of transport through single molecules, trapped between two gold nano-electrodes fabricated with the mechanically controlled break junction (MCBJ) technique. The four molecules studied share the same core structure, namely oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE3), while having different aurophilic anchoring groups: thiol (SAc), methyl sulfide (SMe), pyridyl (Py) and amine (NH2). The focus of this paper is on the combined characterization of the electrical and mechanical properties determined by the anchoring groups. From conductance histograms we find that thiol anchored molecules provide the highest conductance; a single-level model fit to current–voltage characteristics suggests that SAc groups exhibit a higher electronic coupling to the electrodes, together with better level alignment than the other three groups. An analysis of the mechanical stability, recording the lifetime in a self-breaking method, shows that Py and SAc yield the most stable junctions while SMe form short-lived junctions. Density functional theory combined with non-equlibrium Green’s function calculations help in elucidating the experimental findings.
- Published
- 2015
34. Single-Molecule Resonant Tunneling Diode
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Mickael L. Perrin, J. M. Thijssen, Herre S. J. van der Zant, Rienk Eelkema, Elena Galán, and Ferdinand C. Grozema
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Coupling ,business.industry ,Chemistry ,Resonant-tunneling diode ,Molecular electronics ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,Molecular physics ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,General Energy ,Rectification ,Electrode ,Optoelectronics ,Molecule ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,HOMO/LUMO ,Diode - Abstract
Rectification has been at the foundation of molecular electronics. Most single-molecule diodes realized experimentally so far are based on asymmetries in the coupling with the electrodes or using the donor–acceptor principle. In general, however, their rectification ratios are usually small (
- Published
- 2015
35. Historias en el universo transmedia: El proyecto The Beatles Anthology
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Elena Galán Fajardo and José Carlos Rueda Laffond
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Sequence (music) ,Social communication ,Communication ,Interpretation (philosophy) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Narrative ,Sociology ,Creativity ,Humanities ,Transmedia storytelling ,media_common - Abstract
El presente estudio aborda algunos aspectos del proyecto The Beatles Anthology (1995-2000) como ejemplo de creatividad simbólica y propuesta transmedia de memoria, mediante una perspectiva propia de la historia de la comunicación social y la interpretación narrativa. Se propone un enfoque comparado, que sitúa The Beatles Anthology en una secuencia histórica más amplia sobre la transmediación de la obra musical e icónica del grupo británico. Finalmente, aborda las respuestas suscitadas desde diversas comunidades interpretativas.
- Published
- 2014
36. Strategies for greenhouse gas emissions mitigation in Mediterranean agriculture: A review
- Author
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Maria Luz Cayuela, Gilles Billen, S. Menéndez, Raúl Moral, Guillermo Guardia, S. González-Ubierna, Eugenio Díaz-Pinés, Jordi Doltra, H. Arriaga, Luis Lassaletta, Berta Sánchez, María José Sanz, Eduardo Aguilera, I. Puigdueta-Bartolomé, Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes, Miguel Quemada, Juan Infante-Amate, H. van Grinsven, Henk Westhoek, Pete Smith, Elena Galán, Guillermo Pardo, A. del Prado, D. Báez, Alberto Sanz-Cobena, Fernando Estellés, Diego Abalos, Antonio Vallejo, Pilar Merino, J. Le-Noë, Josette Garnier, Salvador Calvet, C. Gilsanz, Ana Meijide, Benjamín S. Gimeno, Ana Iglesias, Daniel Plaza-Bonilla, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Eusko Jaurlaritza, Fundación Séneca, ETSI Agronomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Universidad Pablo de Olavide [Sevilla] (UPO), Basque Centre for Climate Change, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernandez University (UMH), Conservation of Natural Resources, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario [Derio] (NEIKER), Bioclimatology, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Soil and Water Dpt, Estación, Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Mabegondo Agricultural Research Centre, Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo (CIAM), Cantabrian Agricultural Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institute of Animal Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution (CIEMAT), Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, (SFIRC), Technical University of Madrid, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
- Subjects
Mediterranean climate ,[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,Crop residue ,Mitigation ,Cropping systems ,Review ,010501 environmental sciences ,Carbon sequestration ,PRODUCCION ANIMAL ,01 natural sciences ,Environmental protection ,Agricultural productivity ,Cover crop ,Bodembiologie ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Agroforestry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Soil Biology ,Manure ,13. Climate action ,Agriculture ,Greenhouse gas ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Animal Science and Zoology ,GHG ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
88 Pags.- 4 Figs.- 3 Tabls. The definitive version is available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01678809 This article belongs to a special issue "Quantification and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in Mediterranean cropping systems" / Edited By Alberto Sanz-Cobena, Luis Lassaletta, Josette Garnier and Pete Smith, available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01678809/238/supp/C, An integrated assessment of the potential of different management practices for mitigating specific components of the total GHG budget (N2O and CH4 emissions and C sequestration) of Mediterranean agrosystems was performed in this study. Their suitability regarding both yield and environmental (e.g. nitrate leaching and ammonia volatilization) sustainability, and regional barriers and opportunities for their implementation were also considered. Based on its results best strategies to abate GHG emissions in Mediterranean agro-systems were proposed. Adjusting N fertilization to crop needs in both irrigated and rain-fed systems could reduce N2O emissions up to 50% compared with a non-adjusted practice. Substitution of N synthetic fertilizers by solid manure can be also implemented in those systems, and may abate N2O emissions by about 20% under Mediterranean conditions, with additional indirect benefits associated to energy savings and positive effects in crop yields. The use of urease and nitrification inhibitors enhances N use efficiency of the cropping systems and may mitigate N2O emissions up to 80% and 50%, respectively. The type of irrigation may also have a great mitigation potential in the Mediterranean region. Drip-irrigated systems have on average 80% lower N2O emissions than sprinkler systems and drip-irrigation combined with optimized fertilization showed a reduction in direct N2O emissions up to 50%. Methane fluxes have a relatively small contribution to the total GHG budget of Mediterranean crops, which can mostly be controlled by careful management of the water table and organic inputs in paddies. Reduced soil tillage, improved management of crop residues and agro-industry by-products, and cover cropping in orchards, are the most suitable interventions to enhance organic C stocks in Mediterranean agricultural soils. The adoption of the proposed agricultural practices will require farmers training. The global analysis of life cycle emissions associated to irrigation type (drip, sprinkle and furrow) and N fertilization rate (100 and 300 kg N ha−1 yr−1) revealed that these factors may outweigh the reduction in GHG emissions beyond the plot scale. The analysis of the impact of some structural changes on top-down mitigation of GHG emissions revealed that 3–15% of N2O emissions could be suppressed by avoiding food waste at the end-consumer level. A 40% reduction in meat and dairy consumption could reduce GHG emissions by 20–30%. Reintroducing the Mediterranean diet (i.e. ∼35% intake of animal protein) would therefore result in a significant decrease of GHG emissions from agricultural production systems under Mediterranean conditions., The authors would like to thank the Spanish National R+D+i Plan (AGL2012-37815-C05-01, AGL2012-37815-C05-04) and very specifically the workshop held in December 2016 in Butrón (Bizkaia) to synthesize the most promising measures to reduce N2O emissions from Spanish agricultural soils. BC3 is sponsored by the Basque Government. M. L. Cayuela thanks Fundación Seneca for financing the project 19281/PI/14. This paper has been produced within the context of the REMEDIA network: http://redremedia.wordpress.com/.
- Published
- 2017
37. Mujer y ámbito laboral en la ficción española sobre la Transición
- Author
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Elena Galán Fajardo and Carlota Coronado Ruiz
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Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management ,memoria ,History ,Mujer ,ficción ,Television series ,fiction ,Social Sciences ,050801 communication & media studies ,laboral sphere ,memory ,0508 media and communications ,gender ,Women ,mundo laboral ,transición ,05 social sciences ,televisión ,television ,spanish transition to democracy ,050903 gender studies ,Industrial relations ,0509 other social sciences ,Humanities ,género - Abstract
Este artículo pretende estudiar, desde una perspectiva de género, el discurso construido alrededor de la mujer y los avances laborales conseguidos en las últimas décadas, en las series de televisión españolas ambientadas en el período histórico de la Transición. Se han seleccionado para ello dos ejemplos representativos: Cuéntame cómo pasó (TVE-1, 2001) y La chica de ayer (Antena 3, 2009). El análisis se centra en los conflictos profesionales planteados en ese momento histórico y su evolución posterior, partiendo de una concepción presentista. This paper studies from a gender perspective, the discourse built around the work progress on women in recent decades, in Spanish television series, contextualized in the historical period of Transition. For this purpose, it have been selected two representative cases: Cuéntame cómo pasó (TVE-1, 2001) and La chica de ayer (Antena 3, 2009). The analysis focuses on professional disputes raised in this historical moment and its future development, based on a conception presentist.
- Published
- 2017
38. La duquesayAlfonso, el príncipe maldito: memoria en la ficción televisiva española
- Author
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José Carlos Rueda Laffond and Elena Galán Fajardo
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Cultural Studies ,Literature ,Literature and Literary Theory ,Banal nationalism ,business.industry ,Interpretation (philosophy) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Evocation ,The Symbolic ,Art ,business ,Humanities ,media_common - Abstract
This study analyses the content of two TV series, La Duquesa and Alfonso, el principe maldito, shown by Telecinco in 2010. Its purpose is to highlight their characteristics as historical representations and representations of memory. Our study examines both series in three frameworks in order to locate and develop a qualitative interpretation of their content: banal nationalism, the symbolic evocation of the elites and that of ordinary people. Finally, the case study compares these series with the canon of historical fiction in current Spanish television productions.
- Published
- 2014
39. Interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of zwitterionic push–pull dyes based on quinoidal thiazole
- Author
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Jesús Orduna, Juan Casado, Raquel Andreu, Jorge Martín Ortiz, Juan T. López Navarrete, José L. Zafra, Javier Garín, Elena Galán, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Junta de Andalucía, Gobierno de Aragón, European Commission, and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)
- Subjects
Donor–acceptor interaction ,Infrared ,Push–pull thiophene molecules ,Conjugated bridges ,Infrared spectroscopy ,DFT calculations ,Photochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,symbols.namesake ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Physics::Chemical Physics ,Thiazole ,Spectroscopy ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Charge (physics) ,Polarization (waves) ,Intramolecular force ,Raman spectroscopy ,symbols ,Excitation - Abstract
Trabajo presentado a la XXXIst European Congress on Molecular Spectroscopy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, August 26–31,2012.-- et al., The infrared and Raman spectra of a donor (dithiole)–acceptor (dicyano) compound having a quinoidal thiazole bridge connecting the two electro-active groups have been recorded and the vibrational properties described on the basis of MP2 and DFT theoretical approaches. The spectroscopic data have been interpreted accounting for: (i) charge polarization or donor–acceptor charge separation in the S0 ground electronic state from the infrared spectrum; (ii) π-conjugation on the donor-(π-spacer)–acceptor sequence from the non-resonant Raman spectrum; and (iii) intramolecular donor-to-acceptor charge transfer character of the S0 → S1 excitation from the resonant Raman spectrum; and (iv) dependence of the non-resonant and resonant Raman spectra varying the spacer and the donor group. This paper highlights the interesting combination of vibrational spectroscopy and theoretical modeling in order to get insight on the relevant electro-optical and molecular properties on these compounds which are items of interest to develop organic molecules for non-linear optical applications., Financial support from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) of Spain (Projects CTQ2009-08790 and CTQ2011-22727) and Junta de Andalucía (Grant FQM-0159, Project P09-4708) and Gobierno de Aragón-Fondo Social Europeo (E39) are gratefully acknowledged. A predoctoral fellowship to EG (CSIC, JAE 2008) is also acknowledged. JLZP thanks the MINECO for a FPI grant.
- Published
- 2013
40. Bis(naphthalene diimide) derivatives with mono- and dicarbonyl-fused tricyclic heterocyclic bridges as electron-transport materials
- Author
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Yulia A. Getmanenko, Bhupinder Sandhu, Bernard Kippelen, Seth R. Marder, Brian M. Seifried, Tatiana V. Timofeeva, Do Kyung Hwang, Lauren E. Polander, Shree Prakash Tiwari, Stephen Barlow, and Elena Galán
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Absorption spectroscopy ,Chemistry ,Polymer chemistry ,Hypsochromic shift ,Density functional theory ,Thin film ,Cyclic voltammetry ,Electrochemistry ,Electron transport chain ,Alkyl - Abstract
A series of triads in which two naphthalene diimide (NDI) units are bridged through their 2-positions by cyclopenta[2,1-b; 3,4-b′]dithiophene-4-one, cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b′]dithiazole-4-one, benzo[1,2-b:6,5-b′]dithiophene-4,5-dione, and benzo[1, 2-b:6,5-b′]dithiazole-4,5-dione was synthesised, characterised by cyclic voltammetry and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, modelled using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and examined as solution-processed films in n-channel OFETs. The influence of the electron affinity and ionisation potential of the bridging fused heterocycle and of the length and position of alkyl chains in the triads on the electronic properties of the materials in solution and electrical properties in the thin film was explored. The nature of the bridge has a strong effect on the optical and electrochemical properties of materials. Use of increasingly electron-poor bridging groups led to hypsochromic shifts of the low-energy visible absorption (assigned to a transition from a bridg...
- Published
- 2013
41. Insulator-protected mechanically controlled break junctions for measuring single-molecule conductance in aqueous environments
- Author
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Chandan Maity, Ferdinand C. Grozema, Elena Galán, Rienk Eelkema, Nandini Muthusubramanian, and H. S. J. van der Zant
- Subjects
Materials science ,Aqueous solution ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Analytical chemistry ,Oxide ,Conductance ,Insulator (electricity) ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Atomic layer deposition ,Coating ,chemistry ,Electrode ,engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,Leakage (electronics) - Abstract
We present a method to fabricate insulated gold mechanically controlled break junctions (MCBJ) by coating the metal with a thin layer of aluminum oxide using plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition. The Al2O3 thickness deposited on the MCBJ devices was varied from 2 to 15 nm to test the suppression of leakage currents in deionized water and phosphate buffered saline. Junctions coated with a 15 nm thick oxide layer yielded atomically sharp electrodes and negligible conductance counts in the range of 1 to 10-4 G0 (1 G0 = 77 μS), where single-molecule conductances are commonly observed. The insulated devices were used to measure the conductance of an amphiphilic oligophenylene ethynylene derivative in deionized water.
- Published
- 2016
42. A gate-tunable single-molecule diode
- Author
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Ferdinand C. Grozema, J. M. Thijssen, Herre S. J. van der Zant, Rienk Eelkema, Mickael L. Perrin, and Elena Galán
- Subjects
Gold for Gold ,Work (thermodynamics) ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Open Access ,Rectifier ,Rectification ,visual_art ,Limit (music) ,Electronic component ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Molecule ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Realization (systems) ,Diode - Abstract
In the pursuit of down-sizing electronic components, the ultimate limit is the use of single molecules as functional devices. The first theoretical proposal of such a device, predicted more than four decades ago, is the seminal Aviram–Ratner rectifier that exploits the orbital structure of the molecule. The experimental realization of single-molecule rectifiers, however, has proven to be challenging. In this work, we report on the experimental realization of a gate-tunable single-molecule rectifier with rectification ratios as high as 600. The rectification mechanism arises from the molecular structure and relies on the presence of two conjugated sites that are weakly coupled through a saturated linker. The observed gate dependence not only demonstrates tunability of the rectification ratio, it also shows that the proposed rectification mechanism based on the orbital structure is operative in the molecule.
- Published
- 2016
43. Computational design of donor-bridge-acceptor systems exhibiting pronounced quantum interference effects
- Author
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Nicolas Renaud, Laurens D. A. Siebbeles, Rienk Eelkema, Natalie Gorczak, Elena Galán, and Ferdinand C. Grozema
- Subjects
Gold for Gold ,Chemistry ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Charge (physics) ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Interference (wave propagation) ,01 natural sciences ,Bridge (interpersonal) ,Acceptor ,0104 chemical sciences ,Open Access ,Atomic orbital ,Coupling (computer programming) ,Chemical physics ,Computational chemistry ,Quantum interference ,Molecule ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Quantum interference is a well-known phenomenon that dictates charge transport properties of single molecule junctions. However, reports on quantum interference in donor-bridge-acceptor molecules are scarce. This might be due to the difficulties in meeting the conditions for the presence of quantum interference in a donor-bridge-acceptor system. The electronic coupling between the donor, bridge, and acceptor moieties must be weak in order to ensure localised initial and final states for charge transfer. Yet, it must be strong enough to allow all bridge orbitals to mediate charge transfer. We present the computational route to the design of a donor-bridge-acceptor molecule that features the right balance between these contradicting requirements and exhibits pronounced interference effects.
- Published
- 2016
44. Towards an energy-landscape integrated analysis? Exploring the links between socio-metabolic disturbance and landscape ecology performance (Mallorca, Spain, 1956-2011)
- Author
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Elena Galán, Nofre Fullana, Elena Domene, Joan Marull, Carme Font, Enric Tello, Manel Pons, and Universitat de Barcelona
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Landscape ecology ,Biodiversity ,Geological heritage ,Patrimoni geològic ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Mallorca (Illes Balears) ,Ecologia del paisatge ,Ecosystem ,Land use, land-use change and forestry ,Majorca (Balearic Islands) ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Ecology ,Cultural landscape ,Urban sprawl ,Biodiversity hotspot ,Biodiversitat ,Geography ,Species richness - Abstract
The role of agricultural landscapes in biodiversity conservation is an emerging topic in a world experiencing a worrying decrease of species richness. Farm systems may either decrease or increase biological diversity, depending on land-use intensities and management. We present an intermediate disturbance-complexity model (IDC) of cultural landscapes aimed at assessing how different levels of anthropogenic disturbance on ecosystems affect the capacity to host biodiversity depending on the land matrix heterogeneity. It is applied to the Mallorca Island, amidst the Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot. The model uses the disturbance exerted when farmers alter the Net Primary Production through land-use change as well as when they remove a share of it (HANPP), together with Shannon–Wiener index (H′) of land-cover diversity. The model is tested with a twofold-scalar experimental design (1:50,000 and 1:5000) of a set of landscape units along three time points (1956, 1989, 2011). Species richness of breeding and wintering birds, taken as a biodiversity proxy, is used in an exploratory factor analysis. The results clearly show that when intermediate levels of HANPP are performed within intermediate levels of complexity (H′) in landscape patterns, like agro-forest mosaics, great bird species richness and high socio-ecological resilience can be maintained. Yet, these complex-heterogeneous landscapes are currently vanishing due to industrial farm intensification, rural abandonment and urban sprawl. The results make apparent the usefulness of transferring the concept of intermediate disturbance-complexity interplay to cultural landscapes. Our spatial-explicit IDC model can be used as a tool for strategic environmental assessment of land-use planning.
- Published
- 2016
45. Those wars are also my war: An approach to practices of postmemory in the contemporary Spanish comic
- Author
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José Carlos Rueda Laffond and Elena Galán Fajardo
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Comic ,Recall ,business.industry ,Communication ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Perspective (graphical) ,Art history ,Comics ,Visual arts ,Presentation ,Spanish Civil War ,Narrative ,Sociology ,Direct experience ,Historical Memory ,business ,Postmemory ,Historical Representation ,Francoism ,Order (virtue) ,media_common - Abstract
A notable feature of recent Spanish comics is their use of a viewpoint characterized by the transmission and (re) presentation of original testimonies, remade by authors who belong to later generations that had no direct experience of the Civil War. This article focuses on seven graphic works: Un largo silencio (1997), Nuestra Guerra Civil (2006), El arte de volar (2009), Los surcos del azar (2013), Las guerras silenciosas (2014), Un medico novato (2013) and Atrapado en Belchite (2015). The stories in these works recall the recent past from a common perspective, one that emphasizes the individual protagonist's role in traumatic events. However, these narratives also employ characteristics that are specific to each story. This article reflects on the symbiosis between the shared elements of these works, and the more individual or original elements, in order to shed light on the important role of graphic narratives in the creation of spaces where memory and 'postmemory' can be expressed.
- Published
- 2016
46. La determinación multidimensional del desempeño empresarial sostenible
- Author
-
Vilnia Elena Galán Rivas and Milagros Morales Pérez
- Subjects
Estudios regionales y locales ,GEOGRAFÍA [UNESCO] ,Sustainable business ,Welfare economics ,Political science ,Humanidades ,Cartography ,Social dimension ,Business environment ,UNESCO::GEOGRAFÍA - Abstract
Resumen . En la medida en que el entorno empresarial se ha modificado el desempeno de las entidades ha cobrado diversos matices, exigiendo un enfoque diferente. El presente articulo tiene como objetivo analizar la determinacion multidimensional del Desempeno Empresarial Sostenible. El analisis critico de la bibliografia especializada centro la atencion en los objetivos que persiguen cada propuesta, las dimensiones y los indicadores que se evaluan. Se demuestra: que las propuestas analizadas son, mayoritariamente, unilaterales y excluyentes, con un sesgo a favor del aspecto economico-financiero y la supresion preceptiva de la dimension medioambiental y social; la necesidad del enfoque multidimensional del desempeno empresarial sostenible para lograr un analisis mas integral de la relacion de la empresa con su entorno; que sus cuatro dimensiones (ambiental, economico–tecnologica, legal y social), representan sus determinaciones cualitativas, que posibilitan un enfoque multilateral y permiten identificar las determinaciones cuantitativas para su medicion y evaluacion.. Palabras clave : desempeno empresarial sostenible, determinacion multidimensional. Abstract . Since the business environment has modified the performance of the entities it has charged diverse nuances, demanding a different focus. The present article has as objective to analyze the multidimensional determination of the Sustainable Business Performance. The critical analysis of the specialized bibliography centered the attention in the objectives that pursue each proposal, the dimensions and the indicators that are evaluated. It is demonstrated: that the analyzed proposals are, for the most part, unilateral and excluding, with a bias in favor of the economic-financial aspect and the mandatory suppression of the environmental and social dimension; the necessity of the multidimensional focus of the sustainable business performance to achieve a more integral analysis of the relationship of the company with their environment; that its four dimensions (environmental, economic -technological, legal, and social), represent their qualitative determinations that facilitate a multilateral focus and they allow to identify the quantitative determinations for their measuring and evaluation. Key words : sustainable business performance, multidimensional determination.
- Published
- 2016
47. Proteolysis, microbiology and sensory properties of ewes’ milk cheese produced with plant coagulant from cardoon Cynara cardunculus, calf rennet or a mixture thereof
- Author
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Elena Galán, Lourdes Cabezas, and J. Fernández-Salguero
- Subjects
biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Chemistry ,Proteolysis ,Cynara ,medicine ,food and beverages ,Rennet ,Ripening ,Food science ,biology.organism_classification ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Food Science - Abstract
Cheeses made from ewes’ milk by using calf rennet (CR) were compared with those produced with powdered plant coagulant (PPC) obtained from Cynara cardunculus or 50:50 mixture of PPC and CR, by determining different chemical, biochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics throughout the ripening. For most of the chemical and microbiological parameters studied, no differences were observed between the coagulants used. However, significantly higher ( P
- Published
- 2012
48. Fertilizing Methods and Nutrient Balance at the End of Traditional Organic Agriculture in the Mediterranean Bioregion: Catalonia (Spain) in the 1860s
- Author
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Ramon Garrabou, Xavier Cussó, Enric Tello, Elena Galán, José Ramón Olarieta, and Universitat de Barcelona
- Subjects
Mediterranean climate ,Manures ,Catalonia ,Organic farming ,Sociology and Political Science ,Adobs ,Woodland ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Shrubland ,Sistemes agrícoles ,Nutrient ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Agricultural systems ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,Agroforestry ,business.industry ,Catalunya ,Manure ,Agricultura biològica ,Bioregion ,Agriculture ,Anthropology ,business - Abstract
By reconstructing the nutrient balance of a Catalan v illage circa 1861-65 we examine the sustainability of organic agricultural sy stems in the northwest Mediterranean bioregion prior to the green rev olution and the question of whether the nutrients extracted f rom the soil were replenished. With a population density of 59 inhabitants per square km, similar to other northern European rural areas at that time, and a lower liv estock density per cropland unit, this v illage experienced a manure shortage. The gap was f illed by other labour-intensiv e way s of transf erring nutrients f rom uncultiv ated areas into the cropland. Key elements in this agricultural sy stem were v iney ards because they hav e f ew nutrient requirements, and woodland and scrublands as sources of relev ant amounts of nutrients collected in sev eral ways.
- Published
- 2012
49. Narratizing History: An Interdisciplinar Approach Applied to Televised Storytelling
- Author
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Elena Galán-Fajardo and José Carlos Rueda-Laffond
- Subjects
Multimedia ,Communication ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Art ,computer.software_genre ,computer ,media_common ,Visual arts ,Storytelling - Published
- 2011
50. Linear and V-Shaped Nonlinear Optical Chromophores with Multiple 4H-Pyran-4-ylidene Moieties
- Author
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Vanessa Herrero, Edurne Lacarra, Jesús Orduna, Belén Villacampa, Raquel Alicante, Elena Galán, Javier Garín, and Raquel Andreu
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Dipole ,Crystallography ,Chain (algebraic topology) ,chemistry ,Pyran ,Stereochemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Nonlinear optics ,Tensor ,Chromophore ,Chemical synthesis ,Sign (mathematics) - Abstract
A simple synthesis of dipolar one- and two-dimensional chromophores bearing two or three 4H-pyran-4-ylidene moieties is reported. Whereas the pyranylidene fragments acting as donors are proaromatic, the spacer one is not. In the linear derivatives, chain elongation gives rise to a sharp increase in the second order nonlinear optical responses, but some V-shaped derivatives display first hyperpolarizabilities (β) lower than those of their linear analogues. This uncommon feature lends experimental support to previous theoretical studies on the relative contribution and sign of the β-tensor components., Financial support from MICINNFEDER (CTQ2008-02942 and MAT2008-06522C02-02) and Gobierno de Aragón-Fondo Social Europeo (E39) is gratefully acknowledged. Predoctoral fellowships to E. Galán (CSIC, JAE 2008) and R. Alicante (FPI BES 2006- 12104) are also acknowledged.
- Published
- 2010
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