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Introduction. The article addresses the issue of developing prospective teachers’ competence in conflict resolution. Despite the fact that the ability to resolve conflicts in the field of education is considered as one of the key competencies, too little attention has been paid to studying the problem of self-evaluating conflict management competencies by students pursuing their undergraduate degrees in Education. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate how students evaluate their conflict resolution skills gained within the framework of initial teacher education course. Materials and Methods. By adopting a systematic approach, the study uses such theoretical methods as systemic analysis and synthesis, comparison, and generalization. In order to collect empirical data, an online survey was conducted. The study involved 287 undergraduate students (63 male and 224 female) doing their initial teacher education degree at a pedagogical university located in Chelyabinsk (Russia). Results. Having examined students' assessment of the need, composition, effectiveness and satisfaction with training in the field of conflict resolution, the authors found that lack of systematic conflict resolution training can lead to the imbalance between students’ theoretical awareness of conflict resolution strategies and practical skills of applying them in work-related situations. The authors conclude that future educators need targeted conflict resolution training, as they consider themselves insufficiently prepared to apply conflict resolution skills at workplace. Conclusions. The study suggests that self-evaluation of professional training in the field of conflict resolution by student teachers has the following attributes: 1) indirect involvement in teaching activities; 2) insufficient subject position of students regarding the fulfillment of their own needs for conflict resolution competencies.

Introduction. The relevance of the declared topic was dictated by the increased conflict between the members of education and the increasing demands placed on the professional activities of the modern teachers to resolve conflicts in the conditions of general education school. In the course of professional training of future teachers in universities, the formation of conflict competence is not paid due attention, so there is a need to determine the role, content and learning technologies for conflict management training of future teachers.The aimof the present publication is to evaluate the effectiveness of conflict management training technology for future teachers.Methodology and research methods. The authors carried out a pedagogical experiment using pre- and post-testing method of the level of formation of the components of conflict readiness of students of a pedagogical university – participants of experimental and control groups. The sample of the experiment was based on 120 of 2nd-4thyear students of the Faculty of History of the South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University of Chelyabinsk. The following methods were used to collect the empirical data: the Thomas test; an achievement test to assess conflict knowledge; practical tasks (cases); methodology “My Conflict Position” (by V. V. Schernyazova). Mathematical processing of the research results was performed through the Pearson’s chi-squared test.Results. The differences in the formation of cognitive, technological and personal components in students of the control and experimental group have been established. The dependence of the formation of components of conflict readiness of students for the introduction of a specially developed programme has been determined. After pedagogical impact, the number of students with high cognitive component levels rose from 0 to 39,3%. Most students (97,6%) learned algorithms to solve typical interpersonal conflicts and began to choose more constructive strategies to solve them. In the experimental group after the experiment, the personal component of conflict readiness was higher than in the control group.Scientific novelty. The system is proposed to provide effective conflict management training for future teachers, which consists of three components: immersion in the information field of conflict; intensification of conflict resolution activities; mastering of constructive practices of conflict management.Practical significance. The research results are of particular interest for the development of educational programmes in the system of professional education.

Digital devices have become more widespread in recent years and children’s interest in them has significantly changed their own learning habits. Individual interaction with digital devices in infancy and early childhood posits both benefits and risks in gaining informal learning experiences. The lack of relevant studies on the issue brings forward the aim of the research, which is to explore digital devices use for learning in infancy and early childhood as parents report it. 93 parents of 113 children aged 0–8 years old participated in an online survey to find out peculiarities of the children using digital devices for learning, frequency of using them, and parents’ mediation in this process. For each aspect, Cramer’s V and Somers’ D were employed to make statistical differences between three age groups: 0–3, 4–5, 6–8 years old. The findings showed that the number of children using digital devices for learning increased with their age. Devices with the touch screen were especially popular for viewing videos, self-development, and gaming. The parents restricted content and learning time of their children using digital devices, which still required careful regulation and control. It is recommended that parents select learning applications and games appropriate for their children’s age since digital devices impact on the children’s health and development.

The subject of the research is the development process of the state financial control in Russia. The research methodology consisted of a legalistic, analytical methods and a systematic approach.

The monograph was prepared following the results of the XIX All-Russian Conference and the XXIX All-Russian school-seminar "Integration of Russian universities into the world educational and scientific space, taking into account regional peculiarities" and a regional scientific and practical conference "National interests and issues of regional development in the system of priorities of international activities of Russian universities". The conferences were organized to discuss the system of priorities in the development of international activities of Russian educational and scientific organizations; best practices and new solutions for attracting foreign students to study at universities of the Russian Federation, ensuring their education and stay, as well as employment of the best graduates; regulatory and legal support for the processes of internationalization and development of mobility of intellectual resources of Russia; analysis of the features of the development of intellectual migration processes in modern conditions, the place and role of the Russian language and culture in them; issues of adaptation and integration of educational and labor migration. The proposed materials can be useful to specialists of the Department of the education system of Russia and its regions, employees of federal and regional authorities and management, as well as regional associations of academic mobility.

Введение. Авторами доказывается актуальность изучения особенностей жизнестойкости представителей разных поколений. Новизна исследования состоит в сравнении уровня жизнестойкости и отдельных ее компонентов в трех группах: представителей советского, постсоветского и переходного поколений. Методы. В статье приводятся результаты исследования, целью которого являлось выявление особенности жизнестойкости у представителей разных поколений. В исследовании приняли участие 540 человек в возрасте от 16 до 84 лет (234 мужчин и 306 женщин). Была использована методика «Тест жизнестойкости» Д. А. Леонтьева и Е. И. Рассказовой. Результаты. Применение дисперсионного анализа позволило выявить различия в показателях жизнестойкости и ее структурных компонентов у разных поколенческих групп. Доказано, что выраженность жизнестойкости и ее компонентов значимо отличается у представителей советского и переходного поколений. Результаты исследования показали, что уровень контроля (р ≤ 0,0001), принятия риска (р ≤ 0,0001) и жизнестойкости (р ≤ 0,0001) у представителей постсоветского поколения выше, чем у представителей переходного поколения, а самый низкий их уровень отмечается у представителей советского поколения. Мужчины переходного и советского поколений обладают более высоким уровнем контроля (р ≤ 0,0001), принятия риска (р ≤ 0,05) и жизнестойкости (р ≤ 0,05), чем женщины. Обсуждение результатов. В заключение делается вывод о том, что уровень жизнестойкости различается у представителей разных поколений и у респондентов разного пола. Результаты исследования указывают на необходимость изучения особенностей жизнестойкости в поздней зрелости, разработки психологических программ повышения личностного потенциала уязвимых поколений.

The COVID-19 epidemic, which turned into a pandemic, has led to the introduction of lockdown in many countries as a measure to prevent the spread of the virus. Significant changes have occurred in the lives of Russian students. The research objective is to study students’ strategies of adaptation to the self-isolation caused by the need to prevent the spread of COVID-19. To achieve this purpose, an online survey of students was conducted, followed by a correlation analysis of the data. The survey involved 269 students aged 17-21. In self-isolating conditions, students prefer to use strategies aimed at self-change. Two groups of strategies are distinguished in the structure of students’ adaptive behavior, between which there are positive correlations of average strength. The first group includes students’ preferable behavior strategies (accommodating, self-change, and self-immersion). The second group consists of strategies that are not popular among students (environment changing, waiting, avoidance, and passive self-representation). Male students are more active in solving problems than female students. The research results expand the existing understanding of students’ reactions to changes related to self-isolation. They can be useful to teachers, psychologists involved in assessing the social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on students.

A great interest in the study of the value orientations of a person is explained by their decisive role in explaining human behavior. Previous studies have shown that demographic factors influence people's value system. Over the past 20 years, several mass surveys have been conducted with wide geography. Their results showed that in the world there are processes of transformation in the structure of cultural values of different communities of people. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of generation and gender factors on value orientations. The study was based on Schwartz's theoretical model of cultural values. The survey was attended by 384 residents of Chelyabinsk and the Chelyabinsk region (Russia). To collect empirical data, Schwartz's questionnaire in Russian was used. The study found that representatives of the Soviet generation are more oriented towards conservative values, and representatives of the post-Soviet generation more adhere to values reflecting their openness to experience. In this study, men differed from women in a greater commitment to the values of autonomy and power. Considering the values of generations in the context of the gender of respondents, it is found that hedonistic values and the desire for stimulation and power are represented by a U-shaped curve in men and an inverted U-shaped curve in women. This allows us to conclude that in Russia, conditions of economic stabilization lead to increased openness to experience and dominance among men. For women, these conditions make the desire for dominance and high social status less significant.

Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was successfully applied to the synthesis of the gradient copolymer of acrylic acid and vinyl acetate in the selective solvent. The gradient degree of the copolymer was varied by the monomer feed. The monomer conversion was found to affect the ability of the copolymer to self-assemble in aqueous solutions in narrowly dispersed micelles with an average hydrodynamic radius of about 250 nm. Furthermore, the synthesized copolymers also tended to self-assemble throughout copolymerization in the selective solvent.

During the first wave of COVID-19, universities in many states switched to distance learning. Students faced the challenge of moving quickly from face-to-face to distance learning. This created the prerequisites for analysing this new experience for Russian universities. There are many studies analysing satisfaction with online learning. Nevertheless, they were conducted in the period of voluntary transition to this form of learning and outside the context of proactivity. This paper attempts to address this kind of research gap and answer the question of the correlation between satisfaction with distance learning during the lockdown and students´ attitudes towards proactivity. After switching to distance learning in the spring of 2020, students answered questions in an online questionnaire. 386 people (212 women and 174 men) took part in the survey. The age of participants was 17 - 21 years. The results of the study showed that 1) students do not have negative feelings about distance learning; 2) students still prefer face-to-face learning, and distance (online) learning is perceived as additional or temporary measure; 3) during the lockdown, students showed a mild tendency to react reactively to the situation; 4) proactive attitudes of students affect the degree of their satisfaction with distance learning.

In the article the communication problem between generations is considered in terms of differences of values. The authors generalize the results of research on the problem solved worldwide and provide data of an empirical research of differences in values of the Soviet, Transitional and Post-Soviet generations. At the same time values of the people identifying themselves with different generations are compared. 132 persons (72 women and 60 men) participated in the questionnaire. Sch. Schwartz's questionnaire is applied to studying values of people. Jonckheere-Terpstra test is used for mathematical data processing. Researchers confirmed a hypothesis that the existing differences in values of generations consist in a more impressed orientation of the senior generation to traditions and social norms, and more impressed orientation of the younger generation to the power and receiving pleasure. Results of the research confirm the universal trends in distinctions to values of generations consisting in stronger orientation of younger generations to values expressing interests of the individual and senior generations to values expressing interests of the group. Limitations and future research directions, possible implications of these results are also discussed.

The growth of conflicts in a changing world makes conflict resolution competence an important component of entrepreneurial competencies. Higher education should empower students to effectively prevent and resolve conflicts. The problem of assessing the educational process in the field of conflict resolution training and the result of this training is discussed in this article. The authors cite the results of an empirical study, the purpose of which was to determine the needs of students of the State University (Chelyabinsk, Russia) with regards to conflict management preparation. The survey relied on an analysis of the self-assessment of students´ own skills and commitment to the principles of tolerance, an assessment of the educational process, and the need to increase their own conflict management competence. 152 students of the State University took part in the survey, of which 63 were male and 89 female. The Likert scale was used. The results of the study showed that students assess the level of their own conflict resolution competence as high, as do they the educational process at the university. The limitations of the study are discussed at the end of the article.

The relevance of a research is dictated by need of training of specialists in the field of management of the conflicts. Researchers recognize need of development of skills of overcoming barriers of effective resolution of conflicts. Defense mechanisms are such barriers. Creation a case study of training of definition of defense mechanisms in a conflict became a research objective. First, cases of video were created. Secondly, the scheme of the analysis of manifestations of mechanisms of protection in the conflict was created. The created cases were used for training of future specialists in management of the conflicts (23 people). The experimental plan with pre-post-testing and control group (13 people) was used for approbation of the created case study. Results of approbation a case study showed that it is an effective technique of formation of skills of definition of defense mechanisms in a conflict situation.

In the article the analysis of the basic scientific approaches to determination of the meaning and contents of the concept of «professional adaptation» is offered. The professional, social, psychological and psychophysiological aspects of adaptation are considered. Conditions of full adaptation to professional activity are distinguished.

The present article reveals the concept and the significance of the informal component of educational environment designed for modern adolescents. The authors provide the analysis of Russian and foreign research in the field of adolescents education through their media-consumption; the analysis of gender disparities of self-actualization in the Internet environment. The study presents aspects of positive and negative impact of the Internet on the personal and intellectual development of adolescents, as well as on their socialization and psychological well-being (Internet-addiction). The empirical research identified trends in adolescents’ attitude towards Internet, books and their role in educational process. The results show that adolescents mostly apply to the Internet, books and TV as a source of informal education. The Internet plays a considerable role in the life of adolescents. More than a half of those who took part in the survey spend all their free time surfing the Internet. On the Internet, the adolescents mostly watch foreign movies, read books which have positive feedbacks on forums; they do it both to broaden their horizons and enlarge life experience in general. Through the Internet, adolescents – both girls and boys – make more friends, they more prominently articulate their opinion, and become more tolerant. Only one in ten mentioned the negative impact of the Internet on his/her psychological state.

The RAFT polymerization of n-butyl acrylate was studied in the presence of various concentrations of tert-butyl dithiobenzoate (t-BDB) as a chain transfer agent, and various concentrations of AIBN as an initiator at 60 and 90 °C. The polymerizations exhibited the expected features of controlled systems. In particular, the linear increase in number-average molar mass (Mn) with monomer conversion, from very low conversion values, indicated a large apparent chain transfer constant to t-BDB. The kinetic study showed two typical characteristics already observed in RAFT polymerizations of various acrylates: the existence of an induction period and a strong rate retardation, both enhanced by the increase in t-BDB initial concentration. ESR spectroscopy was applied at 90 °C and revealed the existence of an unexpectedly large concentration of intermediate radicals. The system was examined and discussed considering either the possibility of cross-termination between a propagating macroradical and an intermediate o...

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