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The influence of various mechanical influences (transfusion, stirring, vibration, shaking, etc.) and magnetic installations (used in the application of spin chemistry methods) on colloidal solutions of protein and water, which are often used in pharmaceutical production, was studied. It has been shown that when mechanical influences are applied, physical and chemical properties of water and aqueous colloids of the IgG protein are changed. Magnetic fields do not have a significant effect on water; however, variation in a number of physical and chemical characteristics is observed in protein colloids. Moreover, the effect after exposure to magnetic fields with a frequency of 8 Hz is higher compared to the effect after exposure to magnetic fields with a frequency of 50 Hz. This effect persists even at extremely low concentrations of IgG protein molecules. The measurement system proposed in this work makes it possible to monitor the state of protein molecules in a non-invasive mode. In the future, optical and potentiometric methods built into flow systems can be used at all stages of the production of protein pharmaceuticals.

Optical methods (spectroscopy, spectrofluorometry, dynamic light scattering, and refractometry) were used to study the change in the state of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL), protein molecules, and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in aqueous colloids with changes in pH, and the interaction of protein molecules with nanoparticles was also studied. It was shown that changing pH may be the easiest way to control the protein corona on gold nanoparticles. In a colloid of nanoparticles, both in the presence and absence of protein, aggregation–deaggregation, and in a protein colloid, monomerization–dimerization–aggregation are the main processes when pH is changed. A specific point at pH 7.5, where a transition of the colloidal system from one state to another is observed, has been found using all the optical methods mentioned. It has been shown that gold nanoparticles can stabilize HEWL protein molecules at alkaline pH while maintaining enzymatic activity, which can be used in practice. The data obtained in this manuscript allow for the state of HEWL colloids and gold nanoparticles to be monitored using one or two simple and accessible optical methods.