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BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is often not diagnosed as a preventable disease. The primary physician needs a diagnostic tool to detect chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at an early stage. AIM: To develop the concept of early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through a diagnostic tool that stratifies patients according to the risk of disease development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Random sample of persons 3570 years from the lists provided by 15 polyclinics of Saint Petersburg and Arkhangelsk (cross-sectional study, n = 2388). Cohort prospective study (respondents with fixed or variable obstruction, n = 167). All respondents were asked about demographic data, smoking history, risk factors, and the presence of symptoms. Spirometry with a bronchodilator was performed for all participants. RESULTS: Fixed obstruction was found in 6.8% of the participants in the first phase; obstruction was associated with male sex, smoking status over 10 packs/years, age over 55 years, chronic cough and shortness of breath. Of the 65 members of the cohort with variable obstruction, 23.1% had a fixed obstruction after a year, the risk factors of which were a smoking status of more than 10 packs/years, a night cough and forced expiratory volume in 1 second less than lower limit of normal. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of the two phases of the study, a diagnostic tool was developed for the early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the general population by identifying a group of people with preserved lung function and high-risk chronic obstructive pulmonary disease factors.

The article examines the main features of the individual style of the American science fiction writer Ted Chiang and the peculiarities of their translation into Russian language. The relevance is related to the fact that the individual style of the writer has not yet become a subject of study, despite popularity of his works. The problem of author’s style in translation is critical as there is no unanimity on criteria to define style-forming elements of author’s style. The purpose of the study is to identify the main features of the author’s individual style and their forming factors, as well as the ways to translate them into Russian. For this we analyze the genre affiliation of the work, writer’s sphere of interest, ideological and thematic components, characters’ images and stylistic means, the type of narration, as well as the translation in terms of preserving or transforming these features. The material: T. Chiang’s sort novel Story of Your Life (2002). Results of the study: by textual comparison we define T. Chiang’s style elements and show that some of them are extralinguistic, also we describe their translation strategies.

BACKGROUND: The study of the true prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remains a significant area of research, as there is still a large gap between the official record of detected cases of the disease and epidemiological data. AIM: To study the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its risk factors in two cities in the North-West region of Russia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A random sample of respondents (2121 residents of Saint Petersburg, 1012 residents of Arkhangelsk); 2974 received qualitative results of spirometry (including 2388 with a bronchodilator test). The questionnaire included demographic, socioeconomic indicators, and risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. RESULTS: The average age (54.9 9.2 and 52.3 9.2 years) and the proportion of respondents with higher education (37.4% and 29.7%) were higher in Saint Petersburg (compared to Arkhangelsk, p 0.0001). The proportion of ever smokers (49.5% and 44.4 %, p = 0.008), as well as the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (7.6% and 5.4%, p = 0.044), were higher in Saint Petersburg. In Arkhangelsk, exposure to biomass fuel and occupational hazards were more often noted. The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was higher in smokers and increased with age; the prevalence of smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was higher in men. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk factors allows us to better understand not only the prevalence but also the structure and significance of each risk factor in different populations, which will improve the early diagnosis of the disease.

This article is devoted to the concepts of gastronomic discourse, given by foreign and Russian scientists, and the analysis of the features of Russian and Chinese cooking videos. The aim of the article was to identify some features of subtitling gastronomic videos. The material of the study was a cooking video in Chinese, available on YouTube. We applied methods of discourse analysis, semantic analysis, component analysis, and comparison and collation method within the specified language pair. During the study, such difficulties as difference in the number of symbols, the polysemy of words, the translation of proper names and ingredients-realia, and different language transformations such as addition, omission, compression and literal translation were considered. Each difficulty found its solution according to the specifics of cooking topic and subtitling.

Purpose. The manuscript is devoted to the burning issue of education internationalization in modern society. Having come to study in Russia, many international students face a number of difficulties concerning various aspects of their life activity. The authors aim to study international students’ opinion regarding their residence in the European North and their study at the Russian medical university. Methodology. Survey findings of 149 Indian students studying at the International Faculty of General Practitioners of the Northern State Medical University (NSMU), Arkhangelsk compose the research basis. Results. Main challenges encountered by international students in the conditions of the European North, their attitude to the organization and quality of the educational process in the university were revealed. Cold climate, language barrier, the lack of traditional foods and separation from family are believed to be the main factors that make it difficult for junior students to learn. Senior students express their disappointment at the lack of clinical practice due to the distance learning during the pandemic and different level of students and teachers’ language proficiency. In general, students speak positively about university educational process and are satisfied with Russian education quality. Practical implications. Research findings can be used to develop recommendations for improving the socio-pedagogical adaptation of international students in Russian universities.

The article identifies and argues the need for the development of international tourism as one of the elements of the mechanism for overcoming the raw material orientation of exports of the KHMAO-Yugra through the analysis and synthesis of the above and generalized factual and statistical materials of the authors of scientific papers of similar and related areas, which necessitate the diversification of exports of the oil and gas producing region by developing the tourism services industry on the world market. Based on the analysis of the material presented in this article, the current characteristics of the situation in Yugra are given, recommendations are given on the directions of development of international tourism in the district. The main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in the scientific and practical activities of the regional authorities when considering issues of export diversification through the development of international tourism. Purpose is to substantiation of the need for the development of international tourism as one of the tools to overcome the raw materials orientation of the export of KhMAO-Yugra and the development of its neo-industrial specialization Methodology. The opinion and conclusions of the authors are formed through the analysis and synthesis of the above and generalized factual and statistical materials, the authors of scientific works of related areas that necessitate the diversification of exports of the oil and gas producing region through the development of the tourism services industry (inbound tourism). Results. During the analysis of inbound tourism as one of the areas of export diversification, some problems were found. The analysis, assessment of the tourist region of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and substantiation of the main factors and problems that limit the volume of internal and external tourist flows allows us to formulate ways to solve their implementation for the expanded Autonomous Okrug in the field of ethno-tourism. All this gives rise to the prerequisites for the development of business, cultural, educational, ethnographic, ecological, sports, water, active, health-improving, developed and auto tourism. Practical implications. The results of this study can be applied in the scientific and practical activities of regional authorities in addressing issues of export diversification, including through the development of international tourism, will contribute to the development of this area, as well as consideration of other promising ways to diversify exports of goods and services.

The article examines the present-day situation in management of the most important field for the country — natural resource and mineral management — which has undergone significant changes in the post-Soviet period. The reforms have touched both the federal authorities responsible for the development of plans for analyzing future industrial demands on domestic and international markets and their supply with mineral resources, and the state-run organizations responsible for replenishing and maintaining the country’s raw materials database. The main focus of this article is on the lack of extraction on the RF territory of the kinds of minerals which have been at the epicenter of the international market due to the appearance of new industrial and technological innovations and breakthroughs, which have lately become the determining factor of the level of economic development of a country. In Russia, these minerals are completely ignored even though the Northern, Arctic and Far-Eastern regions feature a nearly inexhaustible supply of these raw materials. Remaining in the shadow of great success in extracting hydrocarbons and of their demand on the Western and Asian markets, not only do the problems with managing the use of polymetals and rare earth metals in Russia not receive proper attention, but this management can fall under the sole purview of foreign companies altogether. The article analyzes the extremely unsatisfactory performance of federal authorities responsible for the planning of future use of natural resources and minerals as they do not maintain a close relationship with and do not follow the recommendations of the leading geological institutes of the country. These authorities are moving further and further away from providing the national economy with strategic raw materials, fail to effectively manage federal financial resources allocated for the replenishment of the national natural resource inventory, shifting the responsibility onto large private extractive companies whose primary concern has always been to fulfill their own commercial needs first. The article especially focuses on the Arctic zone of the RF, the least explored and the richest area in terms of natural resources, which can, if properly managed, make Russian economy self-sufficient, despite the growing sanctions against it, while supplying the international market with the most valuable resources. The current natural resource and mineral management, run by unprofessional staff at the most senior levels, completely contradicts the ideology of a sustainable development of the Russian society, the ideology which alone can bring the country to a new, progressive level. This article shows the acute need for an increased federal involvement in managing strategic types of mineral resources and the need to keep them from becoming foreign company assets.

Bone and muscle tissues are mostly susceptible to different kinds of hypodynamia, including real and simulated microgravity (sμg). To evaluate the effect of sμg on bone marrow (BM), male C57Bl/6N mice were divided into three groups: vivarium control (VC), 30-day hindlimb suspension (HS), and subsequent 12-h short-term support reloading (RL). The effects on BM total mononucleated cells (MNCs) as well as stromal and hematopoietic progenitors from murine tibia were studied. The number of BM MNCs, immunophenotype, proliferation, colony-forming units (CFUs), differentiation and secretory activity of hematopoietic and stromal BM cells were determined. HS led to a twofold decrease in MNCs, alteration of surface molecule expression profiles, suppression of proliferative activity of BM cells, and change of soluble mediators' levels. The stromal compartment was characterized by a decrease of CFU of fibroblasts and suppression of spontaneous osteo-commitment after HS. Among the hematopoietic precursors, a decrease in the total number of CFUs was found mainly at the expense of suppression of CFU-GM and CFU-GEMM. After RL, restoration of the stromal precursor's functional activity to control levels and overabundance of paracrine mediator's production were detected, whereas the complete recovery of hematopoietic precursor's activity did not occur. These data demonstrate the fast functional reaction of the stromal compartment on restoration of loading support.

The aim of the study was to fabricate and characterize composite macroporous hydrogels based on a hyaluronic acid/chitosan (Hyal/Ch) polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) loaded with homogeneously distributed hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAp), and to evaluate them in vitro using mouse fibroblasts (L929), osteoblast-like cells (HOS) and human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC). Hydrogel morphology as a function of the hydroxyapatite nanoparticle content was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The mean pore size in the Hyal/Ch hydrogel was 204 ± 25 μm. The entrapment of nHAp (1 and 5 wt. %) into the Hyal/Ch hydrogel led to a mean pore size decrease (94 ± 2 and 77 ± 9 μm, relatively). Swelling ratio and weight loss of the hydrogels in various aqueous media were found to increase with an enhancement of a medium ionic strength. Cell morphology and localization within the hydrogels was studied by CLSM. Cell viability depended upon the nHAp content and was evaluated by MTT-assay after 7 days of cultivation in the hydrogels. An increase of the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles loading in a range of 1–10 wt. % resulted in an enhancement of cell growth and proliferation for all hydrogels. Maximum cell viability was obtained in case of the Hyal/Ch/nHAp-10 sample (10 wt. % nHAp), while a minimal cell number was found for the Hyal/Ch/nHAp-1 hydrogel (1 wt. % nHAp). Thus, the proposed simple original technique and the design of PEC hydrogels could be promising for tissue engineering, in particular for bone tissue repair.

Hypoparathyroidism is a rare disorder characterized by the absent or inappropriately decreased serum parathyroid hormone in the parathyroid glands, which is accompanied by impaired calcium-phosphorus metabolism.The main etiology of hypoparathyroidism remains damage or removal of the parathyroid glands during neck surgery. In view of the incidence of thyroid cancer, primary hyperparathyroidism and other pathologies of the neck organs, which radical treatment can lead to the parathyroid gland impairment, an increased number of patients with hypoparathyroidism is expected. Autoimmune hypoparathyroidism is the second most common form of the disease, usually occurring as part of type 1 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. Autoimmune hypoparathyroidism usually occurs in childhood and is characterized by a severe course of the disease, especially in the case of concomitant malabsorption syndrome.Chronic hypoparathyroidism of any etiology requires lifelong multicomponent therapy, as well as careful monitoring and an individual approach to choose the optimal treatment strategy. In the absence of adequate follow-up, the risks of long-term complications significantly increase, particularly in the renal, cardiovascular systems; in the soft tissues and in the brain, it could lead to visual disturbances; pathology of the musculoskeletal system with a decreased bone remodeling and a potential risk of fractures, as well as to the neurocognitive disorders and an impaired health-related quality of life.Timely diagnosis, rational medical therapy and management strategy may reduce the risks of short-term and long-term complications, frequency of hospitalizations and disability of patients, as well as improve the prognosis.This review covers the main issues of Russian guidelines for the management of chronic hypoparathyroidism, approved in 2021, including laboratory and instrumental evaluation, treatment approaches and follow-up. This guidelines also include the recommendations for special groups of patients: with acute hypocalcemia, hypoparathyroidism during pregnancy.

The effectiveness of stroma-dependent expansion of hematopoietic cells ex vivo may depend on the level of commitment of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). Markers of MSC osteodifferentiation and the level of soluble hematopoiesis regulators were determined during their interaction with umbilical cord blood mononuclears. After 72-h co-culturing, an increase in the expression of ALPL and alkaline phosphatase activity was revealed. In conditioned medium of co-cultures, the levels of osteopontin and osteoprotegerin were elevated and the levels of osteocalcin and sclerostin were reduced. Co-culturing of umbilical cord blood mononuclears with osteocommitted MSC was accompanied by more pronounced increase in the concentration of both positive (GM-CSF and G-CSF) and negative (IP-10, MIP-1α, and MCP-3) regulators of hematopoiesis. Thus, umbilical cord blood mononuclears induced the formation of early osteogenic progenitor phenotype in MSC ex vivo, providing the microenvironmental conditions necessary to support hematopoiesis. Preliminary osteocommitted MSC were more sensitive to the effect of umbilical cord blood mononuclears.

Статья посвящена вопросу организации игровых моментов на уроке иностранного языка в школе. Автором представлены идеи, которые возможно реализовать на уровне начального и основного общего образования.

The orange carotenoid protein (OCP) is a photoactive protein involved in cyanobacterial photoprotection. Here, we report on the functional, spectral and structural characteristics of the peculiar Planktothrix PCC7805 OCP (Plankto-OCP). We show that this OCP variant is characterized by higher photoactivation and recovery rates, and a stronger energy-quenching activity, compared to other OCP studied thus far. We characterize the effect of the functionalizing carotenoid and of his-tagging on these reactions, and identify the time scales on which these modifications affect photoactivation. The presence of a his-tag at the C-terminus has a large influence on photoactivation, thermal recovery and PBS-fluorescence quenching, and likewise for the nature of the carotenoid that additionally affects the yield and characteristics of excited states and the ns-s dynamics of photoactivated OCP. By solving the structures of Plankto-OCP in the ECN- and CAN-functionalized states, each in two closely-related crystal forms, we further unveil the molecular breathing motions that animate Plankto-OCP at the monomer and dimer levels. We finally discuss the structural changes that could explain the peculiar properties of Plankto-OCP.HighlightsComplete functional characterization of Synechocystis and Planktothrix OCPHitherto unknown structures of ECN- and CAN-functionalized Planktothrix OCPInsights into fs-s timescale photodynamics of ECN- and CAN-functionalized Synechocystis and Planktothrix OCP

Pericytes are multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells playing an active role in angiogenesis, vessel stabilisation, maturation, remodelling, blood flow regulation and are able to trans-differentiate into other cells of the mesenchymal lineage. In this review, we summarised recent data demonstrating that pericytes play a key role in the pathogenesis and development of atherosclerosis (AS). Pericytes are involved in lipid accumulation, inflammation, growth, and vascularization of the atherosclerotic plaque. Decreased pericyte coverage, endothelial and pericyte dysfunction is associated with intraplaque angiogenesis and haemorrhage, calcification and cholesterol clefts deposition. At the same time, pericytes can be used as a novel therapeutic target to promote vessel maturity and stability, thus reducing plaque vulnerability. Finally, we discuss recent studies exploring effective AS treatments with pericyte-mediated anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.

Pericytes are mural vascular cells covering microvascular capillaries, where they contribute to the formation, maturation, maintenance, stabilisation and remodelling of vasculature. They actively interact and communicate with other cells to maintain the capillary structural integrity, vascular permeability and blood flow. Pericytes are crucial participants in the physiological and pathological processes of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarise recent data regarding pericyte metabolism, trans-differentiation, angiogenesis and immunomodulation in connection with different cardiovascular pathologies. Further, we discuss an application of pericytes as a new cell therapy approach to treat coronary artery disease, congenital heart disease, atherosclerotic plaques calcification and calcific valvular heart disease in different in vivo animal models and in vitro studies. Also, we discuss different methods and pharmacological therapies for CVDs treatment with pericyte-mediated effects. Finally, we present a comprehensive overview of the role of pericytes in CVDs and as a pharmacological target for different novel drugs and techniques and highlight the potential application of pericytes to treat CVDs.

Статья посвящена вопросу организации здоровьесберегающей деятельности на уроке иностранного языка. Цель статьи – представить основные направления здоровьесберегающей деятельности, которые возможно реализовать на уровне основного общего образования.

The article is devoted to the discussion of the advantages of assessing the environmental comfort of the climate, based on the natural features of the climate and the bioclimatic conditions of the territory. The study assessed the ecological comfort of the climate in the city of Taganrog on the basis of the developed original sequence of performing three stages of assessing the totality of bioclimatic indicators with the final calculation of the values of the integral indicator of the bioclimatic comfort of the climate. The results of the assessment showed, according to the average long-term climatic data, the presence of sub-comfortable climates with a tendency to transition to comfortable climate conditions in the warm period of the year. The cold season was distinguished by uncomfortable conditions according to long-term average climatic data. Modeling calculations of the possible risk to the health of city residents in the presence of concentrations of suspended solids in the surface air layer, together with carbon monoxide, exceeding the maximum one-time values by more than 7 times, showed that the development of possible resorptive or carcinogenic effects in these circumstances will occur in 1/3 the population of the city. The prospects for the assessment of the ecological comfort of the climate, which allow in the future to adequately calculate the magnitude of environmental risks to public health caused by pollution of the surface air layer, are shown.

The subject of this research is the effective methods of linguistic manipulation and communication, which allowed controlling the situation to prevent public panic and destabilization of situation in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) during the pandemic. The authors explore such phenomena as persuasion and linguistic manipulation, analyze the existing in Russian and foreign practice scientific and practical approaches towards using linguistic manipulation in sociopolitical discourse. Based on the example of speeches of the Head of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) A. S. Nikolayev, the authors analyze the linguistic means and techniques used in the course of development of epidemiological situation for influencing public opinion in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia); determine the reasons and frequency of application of such techniques, the degree of persuasion of public opinion by the head of Yakutia depending on the used communication channels. The research employs the website content of the Government of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), regional news sites, and addressed messages in social networks. The main results lies in the conclusion that the most effective methods of linguistic manipulation are persuasion, convincing and prompting, which affect emotions and feelings of the people and appeal to the key social agenda – safety of the population in the time of pandemic. It is noted that social networks are the effective communication channels, which is justified by the geographical and sociopolitical peculiarities of the region, such as large territory preservation of the elements of traditional political cultures (power of the authority, leader, direct communication with the government and a sense being protected). Linguistic manipulation allows influencing public opinion, avoiding mass disturbances, instilling the sense of security into population.

The aim of the study is to summarize the results of a study of seroprevalence of children to SARS-CoV-3, obtained during the implementation of the Rospotrebnadzor program to assess seroprevalence to the NC antigen SARS-CoV-2 of the population of 26 regions of the Russian Federation, conducted during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020. Research methods: the study of seroprevalence in 26 model territories of the Russian Federation was carried out according to a unified methodology developed by Rospotrebnadzor with the participation of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. The method provided for the formation of a group of volunteers in a model federative entity, including children aged 1–17 years, in which the presence of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid was determined in venous blood plasma by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The examination of volunteers was carried out in 3 stages: June-August, September-October, December. Results: the study found that in most of the areas surveyed, children had a higher level of seroprevalence than adults. It is shown that high seroprevalence is accompanied by statistically significant decrease in morbidity (p0.05). The analysis of seroprevalence at all three stages revealed at least 3 variants of its dynamics: 1) continuous growth of seroprevalence in parallel with the development of the epidemic process; 2) an episodic change in the periods of increase and decrease in the level of seroprevalence; 3) a continuous decrease in seroprevalence at the level of the epidemic process. Comparative determination of seroconversion levels in three age groups – 1–6, 7–13 and 14–17 years – revealed no statistically significant differences between these age groups have been identified. Conclusion: children aged 1–17 years in most of the surveyed territories of the Russian Federation have a higher seroprevalence to SARS-CoV2 than adults. The increase in seroprevalence in children is accompanied by a decrease in the incidence of COVID-19.

Gap junctions are one of the most highly specialized intercellular communications providing not only electrical coupling but also metabolic cooperation between cells due to the direct exchange of cytoplasmic components. Interaction of the endothelial and stromal cells through gap junctions significantly contributes to the control of the state of the vascular wall, as well as to the regulation of homeostasis of other tissues both under physiological and pathological conditions. This review summarizes the modern data on homocellular gap junctions in endothelial cells and stromal progenitors of different commitment, as well as on the role of heterocellular communication in the interplay of these cell types.

International audience; A substantial number of Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP) studies have aimed to describe the evolution of singlet excited states leading to the formation of a photoactivated form, OCPR. The most recent one suggests that 3 ps-lived excited states are formed after the sub-100 fs decay of the initial S2 state. The S* state, which has the longest reported lifetime of a few to tens of picoseconds, is considered to be the precursor of the first red photoproduct P1. Here, we report the ultrafast photodynamics of the OCP from Synechocystis PCC 6803 carried out using visible-near infrared femtosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy as a function of the excitation pulse power and wavelength. We found that a carotenoid radical cation can form even at relatively low excitation power, obscuring the determination of photoactivation yields for P1. Moreover, the comparison of green (540 nm) and blue (470 nm) excitations revealed the existence of an hitherto uncharacterized excited state, denoted as S∼, living a few tens of picoseconds and formed only upon 470 nm excitation. Because neither the P1 quantum yield nor the photoactivation speed over hundreds of seconds vary under green and blue continuous irradiation, this S∼ species is unlikely to be involved in the photoactivation mechanism leading to OCPR. We also addressed the effect of His-tagging at the N- or C-termini on the excited-state photophysical properties. Differences in spectral signatures and lifetimes of the different excited states were observed at a variance with the usual assumption that His-tagging hardly influences protein dynamics and function. Altogether our results advocate for the careful consideration of the excitation power and His-tag position when comparing the photoactivation of different OCP variants and beg to revisit the notion that S* is the precursor of photoactivated OCPR.

We analyzed the state of intracellular compartments and production of cytokines in MSC depending on the culture density. MSC were growth-arrested with mitomycin C and seeded at a density of 300-7000 cell/cm2. MSC in low-density cultures had 2-fold higher levels of transmembrane mitochondrial potential (MitoTracker Red) and endogenous ROS (CMH2DCFDA), lysosomal compartments were less acidified (LysoTracker Green DND26), the production of immunoregulatory and angiogenic mediators VEGF, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, TGF-β was more intensive. It was assumed that culture density can be an effective tool for phenotypic polarization of MSC providing directional changes in their properties.

Pericytes are perivascular multipotent cells wrapping microvascular capillaries, where they support vasculature functioning, participate in tissue regeneration, and regulate blood flow. However, recent evidence suggests that in addition to traditionally credited structural function, pericytes also manifest immune properties. In this review, we summarise recent data regarding pericytes’ response to different pro-inflammatory stimuli and their involvement in innate immune responses through expression of pattern-recognition receptors. Moreover, pericytes express various adhesion molecules, thus regulating trafficking of immune cells across vessel walls. Additionally, the role of pericytes in modulation of adaptive immunity is discussed. Finally, recent reports have suggested that the interaction with cancer cells evokes immunosuppression function in pericytes, thus facilitating immune evasion and facilitating cancer proliferation and metastasis. However, such complex and multi-faceted cross-talks of pericytes with immune cells also suggest a number of potential pericyte-based therapeutic methods and techniques for cancer immunotherapy and treatment of autoimmune and auto-inflammatory disorders.

The article presents the results of an analysis of the practice of providing the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation with state services for making preliminary decisions on the classification of goods in accordance with the unified Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity of the Eurasian Economic Union. The main problems and contradictions arising in the implementation of this service are identified. The results of monitoring the experience of foreign customs services in the direction of preliminary classification of goods are presented. Proposals were made to improve the institution of preliminary classification of goods in the Russian Federation in terms of requirements for the composition and procedure for performing certain administrative procedures. It is shown that in order to increase the attractiveness of the state service for the preliminary classification of goods, it is possible to use the positive experience of other states, which will increase the efficiency of the customs service of Russia.

It is well known that long-term space missions influence various myeloid shoots of hemopoiesis in humans and animals. In this investigation, we used several optimized models of co-culturing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and hemopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to analyze the HSPCs suspension fractions following 7-day modeling of the effects of microgravity. We determined the number of developing HSPCs, presence of colony-forming units (CFU) of various hemopoietic shoots and phenotype spectrum of cells in colonies. We observed an increased number of HSPCs, decreased number of CFUs, and changes in the structure of CFU population after the exposure to modeled microgravity.

The article substantiates the approach to the formation of an international catalog and databases that specify the assortment and quality characteristics of goods. A method that allows consumers to quickly search for products and services is described. A unified system of description and coding of goods and services is proposed, and the procedure for its formation and application in practice is described. The principle of forming the proposed system when creating a catalog for engineering systems is considered on the example of a product widely distributed on the international market and used in all construction structures - polypropylene pipes and fittings for internal water supply, heating and cooling systems.

We studied interactions of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and cells from the monocyte-macrophage group (MN/MP) important in the MSCs mediated therapeutic action in vivo, their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. The MSCs effect on the MN/MP functional activity was evaluated after a 6-d co-culture in standard conditions (20 % О2) and ensuing exposure of one part of MN/MP and MN/MP+MSCs to a long-term hypoxic stress (1 % О2, 24 hrs) while the other part remained at 20 % О2. As in the normal, so hypoxic conditions the MSCs stromal activity contributed to the MN/MP viability by decreasing the numbers of MN/MP cells during early apoptosis. The paracrine interaction in 20 % О2 occurred with an elevated MN/MP phagocytic activity without influence on the lysosomal compartment activity. The hypoxic stress affected the MSCs-induced phagocytic ability and activity of lysosomes. Interaction with MSCs leads to formation of a MN/MP anti-inflammatory phenotype that unveils the phagocytic potential in the presence of MSCs despite the oxygen deprivation.

The article considers the problems of classification of innovative and modernized goods in accordance with the unified Goods nomenclature foreign economic activity of the Eurasian Economic Union. Using the example of two-wheeled vehicles equipped with an electric motor and powered by a battery that are modernized and in demand on the foreign trade market, the main classification errors and their causes are shown, both for foreign trade participants when declaring and for customs authorities when checking the correctness of the classification. It is revealed that the name of the product "scooter", declared by the declarant in the declaration for the goods, is not decisive for its classification in the heading provided for toys, since the technical characteristics and properties are characteristic of vehicles of commodity item 8711. It is established that ignoring the identification process is one of the main errors in the classification of "new generation" goods. Consumer properties and characteristics of this type of goods are decisive when classifying them according to the Basic Rules of Interpretation.

Life in a modern metropolis is not only an interesting and eventful life, but also a source of numerous features for human life: imperfect environmental conditions, dietary habits, sleep disturbances and circadian rhythms, changes in psychological status (stress, depression, aggression, apathy) and reproductive health problems, especially in women. As defined by the World Health Organization, reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not simply the absence of disease in all areas related to the reproductive system, its functions and processes. Life in a big city for a woman of the reproductive period is often accompanied by a violation of the menstrual and ovulatory function, which can be attributed to the symptoms of the megalopolis syndrome. Since the 1980s, the frequency of menstrual irregularities has increased by more than 7 times. The doctor clinician, to whom a woman of the reproductive period with an irregular menstrual cycle first turns, should not only draw up a plan for examining a woman and exclude the presence of endocrine-gynecological disorders, but also collect a detailed history, including physical status (for example, calculating body mass index, analyzing fluctuations weight), dietary habits, sports history, medication intake, first assess the role of the psychosomatic factor. The correct pathogenetic approach in this situation will determine the correct therapeutic tactics for managing a woman.