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Objectives. To describe which industries have the highest burden of COVID-19 outbreaks in California. Methods. We assigned US census industry codes to COVID-19 outbreaks reported to the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) from January 1, 2020, to August 31, 2021, and determined numbers of outbreaks, numbers of outbreak-associated cases, and outbreak incidence levels by industry. We determined characteristics of outbreak-associated cases using individual case data linked to COVID-19 outbreaks. Results. Local health departments reported 19 893 COVID-19 outbreaks and 300 379 outbreak-associated cases to CDPH. The most outbreaks (47.8%) and outbreak-associated cases (54.8%) occurred in the health care and social assistance sector, where outbreak incidence levels were highest in skilled nursing facilities and residential care facilities (1306 and 544 outbreaks per 1000 establishments, respectively). High proportions of outbreaks also occurred in the retail trade (8.6%) and manufacturing (7.9%) sectors. Demographics of outbreak-associated cases varied across industries. Conclusions. Certain California industries, particularly in the health care, manufacturing, and retail sectors, have experienced a high burden of COVID-19 outbreaks during the pandemic. Public Health Implications. Tracking COVID-19 outbreaks by industry may help target prevention efforts, including workforce vaccination. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(8):1180–1190. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306862 )

Work-related factors can contribute to risk for exposure to and infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and subsequent COVID-19-attributable outcomes, including death. Comparing COVID-19 metrics across industries can help identify workers at highest risk. Elevated COVID-19 mortality rates have been reported among all transportation workers, as well as specifically in public transportation industries (1-3). The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) calculated public transportation industry-specific COVID-19 outbreak incidence during January 2020-May 2022 and analyzed all laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 deaths among working-age adults in California to calculate public transportation industry-specific mortality rates during the same period. Overall, 340 confirmed COVID-19 outbreaks, 5,641 outbreak-associated cases, and 537 COVID-19-associated deaths were identified among California public transportation industries. Outbreak incidence was 5.2 times as high (129.1 outbreaks per 1,000 establishments) in the bus and urban transit industry and 3.6 times as high in the air transportation industry (87.7) as in all California industries combined (24.7). Mortality rates were 2.1 times as high (237.4 deaths per 100,000 workers) in transportation support services and 1.8 times as high (211.5) in the bus and urban transit industry as in all industries combined (114.4). Workers in public transportation industries are at higher risk for COVID-19 workplace outbreaks and mortality than the general worker population in California and should be prioritized for COVID-19 prevention strategies, including vaccination and enhanced workplace protection measures.

State and local health departments established the California Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Respiratory Virus Sentinel Surveillance System to conduct enhanced surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens at sentinel outpatient testing sites in 10 counties throughout California, USA. We describe results obtained during May 10, 2020‒June 12, 2021, and compare persons with positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR results by using Poisson regression. We detected SARS-CoV-2 in 1,696 (19.6%) of 8,662 specimens. Among 7,851 specimens tested by respiratory panel, rhinovirus/enterovirus was detected in 906 (11.5%) specimens and other respiratory pathogens in 136 (1.7%) specimens. We also detected 23 co-infections with SARS-CoV-2 and another pathogen. SARS-CoV-2 positivity was associated with male participants, an age of 35–49 years, Latino race/ethnicity, obesity, and work in transportation occupations. Sentinel surveillance can provide useful virologic and epidemiologic data to supplement other disease monitoring activities and might become increasingly useful as routine testing decreases.

BackgroundInformation on the occupational distribution of COVID-19 mortality is limited.ObjectiveTo characterize COVID-19 fatalities among working Californians.DesignRetrospective study of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 fatalities with dates of death from January 1 to December 31, 2020.SettingCalifornia.ParticipantsCOVID-19 accounted for 8,050 (9.9%) of 81,468 fatalities among Californians 18-64 years old. Of these decedents, 2,486 (30.9%) were matched to state employment records and classified as “confirmed working.” The remainder were classified as “likely working” (n=4,121 [51.2%]) or “not working” (n=1,443 [17.9%]) using death certificate and case registry data.MeasurementsWe calculated age-adjusted overall and occupation-specific COVID-19 mortality rates using 2019 American Community Survey denominators.ResultsConfirmed and likely working COVID-19 decedents were predominantly male (76.3%), Latino (68.7%), and foreign-born (59.6%), with high school or less education (67.9%); 7.8% were Black. The overall age-adjusted COVID-19 mortality rate was 30.0 per 100,000 workers (95% confidence interval [CI], 29.3-30.8). Workers in nine occupational groups had mortality rates higher than this overall rate, including those in farming (78.0; 95% CI, 68.7-88.2); material moving (77.8; 95% CI, 70.2-85.9); construction (62.4; 95% CI, 57.7-67.4); production (60.2; 95% CI, 55.7-65.0); and transportation (57.2; 95% CI, 52.2-62.5) occupations. While occupational differences in mortality were evident across demographic groups, mortality rates were three-fold higher for male compared with female workers and three- to seven-fold higher for Latino and Black workers compared with Asian and White workers.LimitationsThe requirement that fatalities be laboratory-confirmed and the use of 2019 denominator data may underestimate the occupational burden of COVID-19 mortality.ConclusionCalifornians in manual labor and in-person service occupations experienced disproportionate COVID-19 mortality, with the highest rates observed among male, Latino, and Black workers.

Distinct from conventional diaphragm-type pressure sensors, a silicon-based bulk-type high pressure sensor has been analyzed, realized, and characterized. External hydrostatic pressure acting on the sensor is converted to a biaxial compression inside an all-silicon encapsulated vacuum cavity. The stress anisotropy is analytically modeled and numerically simulated. The biaxial compression is measured using two pairs of piezoresistors oriented to optimally utilize the anisotropy of silicon piezoresistance. An improved pressure seal in the test-package allowed extended testing of the sensor up to a pressure of 200 MPa and a temperature of 175 °C. Reported also is a zero-offset of the sensor, largely attributed to the tensile stress induced by the insulating cover oxide after cooling from the high-temperature dopant activation anneal. [2017-0253]

ObjectivesThe aims of our study were to describe current hepatitis B prevalence among Vietnamese Americans and to examine predictors of hepatitis B risk in this specific ethnic community.DesignCross-sectional analysis of data from a community-based screening program.SettingThis analysis was based on hepatitis screening community events in Southern California.Participants2508 Vietnamese Americans in Southern California.Outcome measuresSerological tests for hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B surface antibody, and total hepatitis B core antibody were used to classify participants as one of four hepatitis B infection statuses: currently infected, previously infected, susceptible, or immune due to a previous hepatitis B vaccination.ResultsAcross 2508 participants, 9.0% were currently infected with hepatitis B and 17.7% were at risk for hepatitis B. Females and those reporting a previous hepatitis B vaccination were at significant decreased risk of hepatitis B (OR=0.48, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.69 and OR=0.53, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.93, respectively) whereas those born outside of the USA and with a family history of the disease showed substantial increased risk (OR=13.36, 95% CI 1.62 to 110.05 and OR=4.68, 95% CI 2.66 to 8.22, respectively). Among those who reported a previous hepatitis B vaccination, less than half (42.9%) possessed the protective antibodies that result from a hepatitis B vaccination.ConclusionsVietnamese Americans remain disproportionately burdened by hepatitis B. Public health efforts that focus on improving hepatitis B awareness and vaccination knowledge and that are tailored to specific high-risk subgroups, such as immigrants and those with infected family members, could help in addressing the disease’s burden in this high-prevalence population.

A silicon-based bulk-type pressure sensor capable of measuring pressure up to 200 MPa at temperature up to 175 oC is realized and characterized. Hydrostatic pressure acting on the sensor is converted to anisotropic biaxial compression inside an encapsulated vacuum cavity, and measured using two pairs of piezoresistors oriented to optimally utilize the anisotropy of silicon piezoresistance on (110)-oriented substrate. It is also possible to realize the sensor on a conventional (001)-oriented substrate, with the stress-symmetry broken by reducing the biaxial stress field on one pair of the piezoresistors to a uniaxial stress field.

Objetivo: Verificar cuál es la mejor vía de culminación del parto podálico. Diseño: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo comparativo en el Hospital Sergio E. Bernales durante 1998, en recién nacidos por vía abdominal y vaginal, con la finalidad de demostrar si la cesárea es la mejor vía de resolución del parto en presentación podálica. Se evaluó 58 recién nacidos de parto podálico por vía vaginal y 73 por vía abdominal, que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: El Apgar al minuto fue significativamente mejor (p

Author(s): Chou, CY; Tsoh, JY; Smith, LC; Bain, LD; Botcheva, L; Chan, E; Chan, J; Eckfield, M; Howell, G; Komaiko, K; Plumadore, J; Salazar, M; Uhm, SY; Vega, E; Vigil, O; Delucchi, K; Mathews, CA

Distinct from conventional diaphragm-type pressure sensors, a bulk-type silicon-based pressure sensor is proposed and demonstrated. External hydrostatic pressure acting on the sensor is converted to biaxial compression inside an all-silicon encapsulated vacuum cavity, and measured using four piezoresistors oriented to optimally utilize the anisotropy of silicon piezoresistance. Limited only by the test setup but intrinsically capable of a much higher pressure rating, the sensor has been tested to 120 MPa (around 1200 atmospheres). Containing no fragile movable micro-structures and constructed almost entirely of silicon using conventional micro-fabrication techniques, the self-contained sensor is robust and potentially low-cost.

L’article presente deux enquetes menees dans le systeme de l’universite virtuelle. Les deux etudes sont caracterisees par leur orientation vers le developpement de technologies adaptees aux besoins pedagogiques et aux problemes de signification dans le processus d’apprentissage. Le defi est de creer une technologie de design alternative au design industriel et orientee vers la production intensive de contenus, de facon a atteindre une sorte d’environnement virtuel axe vers la gestion des interactions.

El artículo presenta una reflexión sobre el significado del trabajo en red para las comunidades académicas. La actuación en red se presenta como una alternativa para el fortalecimiento de los campos de conocimiento ante la emergencia de la cultura digital y los embates de otros modos de producción de saberes que compiten con los propósitos de los colectivos universitarios. El trabajo en red al desarrollarse en entornos digitales cuenta con sistemas de soporte como nunca los hubo antes, pero los desafíos son muchos, tanto para quienes deban aprender a habitar estos entornos y utilizar sus herramientas, como para quienes deban desarrollar tecnologías que faciliten la comunicación con la disposición de herramientas dialógicas en el núcleo de los ecosistemas de conocimiento. Se ofrece una compilación de estrategias dialógicas y herramientas útiles para el trabajo colaborativo en grupos académicos, así como una aproximación al concepto de competencia cibercultural, como una capacidad que atraviesa la gestión de la información y del conocimiento desde una perspectiva comunicativa., This article presents a reflection on the meanings of networking for academic communities. Networking is presented as an alternative to strengthen the fields of knowledge in the face of the emergence of digital culture and the onslaught of other modes of knowledge production that compete against the purpose of university collectives. Networking through digital environments counts on support systems as never were before because it is developed in digital environments, but the challenges are many for those who must learn to inhabit these environments and use their tools, as for those who must develop technologies that facilitate communication with the dialogic tools available in the core of the knowledge ecosystems. This article provides a compilation of dialogic strategies and valuable tools for the collaborative work in academic groups, as well as an approach to the concept of cyber-cultural competencies, as an ability that traverses information and knowledge management from a communicative perspective., Dossier: Tecnologías digitales en la enseñanza, inclusión y complejidades de un fenómeno multidimensional, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

T cell–specific adapter (TSAd) protein is an Src homology 2 (SH2) domain–containing adapter molecule implicated in T cell receptor for antigen (TCR)-mediated interleukin 2 (IL-2) secretion in T cells. Here, we demonstrate that a substantial fraction of TSAd is found in the T cell nucleus. Nuclear import of TSAd is an active process that depends on TSAd SH2 domain recognition of a phosphotyrosine-containing ligand. Importantly, we show that TSAd can act as a potent transcriptional activator in T cells. Furthermore, the TSAd SH2 domain appears to be essential for this transcription-activating function independent of its role in nuclear import. Biochemical analyses suggest that a single TSAd SH2 domain ligand of 95–100 kD may be involved in these processes. Consistent with a role as a transcription activator, cotransfection of TSAd with an IL-2 promoter–reporter gene construct results in a considerable upregulation of IL-2 promoter activity. Further, we show that this augmentation requires a functional TSAd SH2 domain. However, TSAd does not appear to modulate the activity of the major recognized IL-2 gene transcription factors, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), or activator protein 1 (AP-1). These findings point to the function of TSAd as a novel transcription-regulatory protein in T cells and illustrate the importance of the TSAd SH2 domain in this role.

Biomarkers are characteristics objectively measured and evaluated as indicators of: normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic response(s) to a therapeutic intervention. In environmental research and risk assessment, biomarkers are frequently referred to as indicators of human or environmental hazards. Discovering and implementing new biomarkers for toxicity caused by exposure to a chemical either from a therapeutic intervention or accidentally through the environment continues to be pursued through the use of animal models to predict potential human effects, from human studies (clinical or epidemiologic) or biobanked human samples, or the combination of all such approaches. The key to discovering or inferring biomarkers through computational means involves the identification or prediction of the molecular target(s) of the chemical(s) and the association of these targets with perturbed biological pathways. Two examples are given in this chapter: (1) inferring potential human biomarkers from animal toxicogenomics data, and (2) the identification of protein targets through computational means and associating these in one example with potential drug interactions and in another case with increasing the risk of developing certain human diseases.

El artículo se estructura considerando convergencias y divergencias en torno a la formación por competencias y pretende exponer argumentos a favor de una sinergia, observada ya en algunos espacios educativos1. Sinergia entendida como resultado de la acción conjunta de los diversos factores: políticos, sociales y culturales que están contribuyendo a la expansión de la formación por competencias y produciendo algo más que la suma o yuxtaposición de estos factores. El artículo consta de dos partes: 1. Entre convergencias y divergencias: una interpretación del contexto de la Reforma Integral de la Educación Media Superior. 1 El Espacio Común de Educación Superior a Distancia ECOESAD, está integrado por instituciones públicas de todo el país. Este escrito es resultado del diálogo con coordinadores de programas que se han vinculado en un esfuerzo compartido de formación y construcción de criterios para la operación de la Reforma Integral de la Educación Media Superior que se dio en el marco de la Quinta Reunión Interinstitucional de Bachilleratos a Distancia realizada en diciembre de 2009 en la ciudad de Guadalajara Jalisco. 2. La sinergia posible: ejes de reflexión para la transformación de las prácticas educativas: integración de la formación en valores y los códigos disciplinarios en el desarrollo de competencias; del aula al ambiente de aprendizaje; de la instrucción hacia la mediación docente y de la calificación hacia la evaluación constructiva.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a holistic approach to health that attempts to bring the body, mind and spirit into harmony. TCM is an essential part of the healthcare system in several Asian countries, and is considered a complementary or alternative medical system in most Western countries. An integration of the traditional Chinese and Western systems of medicine has begun in multiple medical centers internationally, and there is increasing evidence that several herbs and combinations of herbs used in TCM impart important pharmacological effects. The number of databases and compilations of herbs, herbal formulations, phytochemical constituents and molecular targets is increasing, primarily because of the widespread use of TCM in combination with Western drugs. The continued popularity of herbal remedies worldwide suggests that evidence-based research in this field, as well as information regarding the potential efficacy and safety of phytochemical constituents in herbs and TCM formulations, are essential, particularly when TCM is used in combination with other drugs. Herb-drug interactions are similar to drug-drug interactions in terms of their effects on ADME properties. Improvements in the knowledge of the molecular targets and metabolic pathways, as well as of the synergistic and inhibitory effects associated with important phytochemicals from herbs and herbal formulations, will lead to the development of rational approaches for the safe combination of healthcare systems from different cultures.

It is believed that, with the help of suitable technology, learners and systems can cooperate in building a sufficiently accurate learner model they can use to promote learner reflection through discussion of their knowledge, preferences and motivational dispositions (among other learner characteristics). Open learner modelling is a technology that can help set up this discussion by giving the learners a representation of aspects of the learner as "believed" by the system. In this way/role, open learner modelling can perform a critical role in a new breed of intelligent learning environments driven by the aim to support the development of self-management, signification, participation and creativity in learners. In this chapter we provide an analysis of the migration of open learner modelling technology to common e-learning settings, the implications for modern e-learning systems in terms of adaptations to support the open learner modelling process, and the expected functionality of a new generation of intelligent learning environments. This analysis is grounded on the authors' recent experience on an e-learning environment called LeActiveMath, aimed at developing a web-based learning environment for Mathematics in the state of the art.

Addressed in the article is a position taken within and in favor of education and virtuality, considering the importance of training constructors of the digital environment. The competencies needed by actors of educational processes, the same which are necessary for their construction, are conceptualized as mediational. Because these are not usually the competencies most visibly when teachers and students are trained for online education, we found it of interest to present part of a research project on this type of competencies. The work starts out from an axiological position on virtual education, the recognition of the way the technologies model educational interactions on line. It follows with the notion of mediation and meditational competency, and comes to a design model that would consider these competencies in the development of learning environments. The article closes with reflections about the interdisciplinary integration necessary for a technological and educational development based on a communicative paradigm.

T cell–specific adaptor protein (TSAd) is a T lineage–restricted signaling adaptor molecule that is thought to participate in the assembly of intracellular signaling complexes in T cells. Previous studies of TSAd-deficient mice have revealed a role for TSAd in the induction of T cell interleukin 2 secretion and proliferation. We now show that TSAd-deficient mice are susceptible to lupus-like autoimmune disease. On the nonautoimmune-prone C57BL/6 genetic background, TSAd deficiency results in hypergammaglobulinemia that affects all immunoglobulin (Ig)G subclasses. Older C57BL/6 TSAd-deficient mice (1 yr of age) accumulate large numbers of activated T and B cells in spleen, produce autoantibodies against a variety of self-targets including single stranded (ss) and double stranded (ds) DNA, and, in addition, develop glomerulonephritis. We further show that immunization of younger C57BL/6 TSAd-deficient mice (at age 2 mo) with pristane, a recognized nonspecific inflammatory trigger of lupus, results in more severe glomerulonephritis compared with C57BL/6 controls and the production of high titer ss and ds DNA antibodies of the IgG subclass that are not normally produced by C57BL/6 mice in this model. The development of autoimmunity in TSAd-deficient mice is associated with defective T cell death in vivo. These findings illustrate the role of TSAd as a critical regulator of T cell death whose absence promotes systemic autoimmunity.

Previously reported was a bulk-type pressure sensor without fragile movable microstructure and constructed on [110]-oriented silicon substrate. Hydrostatic pressure acting on the sensor was converted to biaxial compression inside an encapsulated vacuum cavity. Two pairs of piezoresistors were used to form a Wheatstone bridge, with one pair each aligned with the [001] and [110] orientations – thus optimally utilizing the anisotropy of silicon piezoresistance on the (110) substrate. However, such anisotropy is absent on the (001) substrate because of an inherent crystal-symmetry. Presently reported is the placement of stress-filtering trenches adjacent to a selected pair of the constituent piezoresistors forming the Wheatstone bridge, thus removing the stress-symmetry by converting the local stress field from biaxial to uniaxial and allowing the construction of the bulk-type sensor on the more commonly available (001) substrate. A junction-isolated version of the pressure sensor was realized and characterized to 200 MPa (∼2000 atmospheres) and 175 °C, with better potential for sensor-CMOS integration.

International audience; ¿APRENDER EN LA ERA DIGITAL? Una declaración general sobre las competencias del usuario desde el punto de visto de las ciencias de la comunicación. Dra Françoise Paquienséguy Profesora de ciencias de la comunicación Instituto de ciencias políticas de Lyon Grupo de investigación ELICO EA 4147-Introducción Ya desde una treintena de años, nuestra disciplina, las Ciencias de la Comunicación se interesa (y se interroga) al anclaje social de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, las Tic (Miège, 2008). De hecho, la cuestión se pone continuamente de saber cómo coger el uso de estos artefactos comunicantes y conectados con el fin de analizar las mudanzas sociales que atraviesan, o todavía de saber cómo mostrar que las lógicas sociales tienen siempre un carácter que estructura en estas prácticas que mismas, las alimenta. Las lógicas sociales laboran tan pronto como un efecto de masa cristaliza un comportamiento, una actitud, un modo de vida y vemos hasta qué punto una lógica comunicacionale o más bien conexionale es colocación muy rápida en todos los espacios sociales de nuestras vidas. Observemos al pasaje que el umbral crítico forzosamente no es atravesado únicamente gracias a las motivaciones de los individuos. Por supuesto, algunos se equipan y practican bajo la presión social con el fin de participar en estas lógicas sociales fuertes y poderosas: ser siempre localizable, quedar conectado, ser el primer informado, compartir sus pasiones... Pero otros, están tomados en lógicas institucionales que los " fuerzan " a utilizar los dispositivos digital. Es el caso en todas las grandes empresas hoy, pero igual en la Universidad, y más generalmente en el sector educativo. Si ya insistimos en estos aspectos es, primero, para alejar todo determinismo técnico que pondría la herramienta, sus servicios y funcionalidades, sus contenidos y recursos en el centro de las prácticas y los procesos vinculados al digital. Es, en segundo lugar, para refutar todos los discursos promotores nacidos industriales o todos los discursos de acompañamiento producidos por las instituciones (ministerio, Unesco, VirtualEdu, Universidad, etc) que dicen ellos todos colocar del que se entera él/ella en el centro del dispositivo entonces que promuevan muy a menudo sólo una plataforma o un proyecto digital. Es, en tercer lugar, para discernir interrogatorios o indicadores fecundos, sostenibles y operacionales, en un período contemporáneo difícil de leer. En efecto, y lo desarrollaremos en esta introducción, estas dos últimas décadas conocieron un ritmo desenfrenado de renovación de las Tic, vueltas digitales, que crece siempre a la novedad, incluso a la innovación y no favorece apenas la mirada retrospectiva.

Tesis de Maestría

Tesis de Maestría

Tesis de Maestría

Tesis de Maestría

Tesis de Maestría

Tesis de Maestría

Tesis de Maestría

Tesis de Maestría