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The main objective of this paper is to correlate the current cartographic database with the old one, in the systematic cadastral works. Implementing a GIS and a geodatabase containing the cartographic database is necessary for identifying the buildings in the systematic cadastral works. In order to obtain the actual mapping database, a Phantom 4 PRO drone was used, with a 20 mp resolution camera. For determining the ground reference points there were used two South S82V GPS receivers with double frequency L1, L2, in base-rover radio mode. The existing cartographic database has been taken over from the Cadastre and Land Registration Office and integrated into the newly created geodatabase. With a unique GIS database, the process of identifying new buildings with old land data is done in a fast and efficient way. The accuracy of the new cartographic database provides greater security identifications, which can be affected even in the office, especially for those owners who have not submitted the stage of identifying the land. The exploitation of UAV photogrammetric measurements come in support of specialists carrying out systematic cadastre works, especially in the context of the low price per building imposed by the National Agency of Cadastre and Real Estate Advertising.

This article aims to highlight the benefits of UAV photogrammetric measurements in addition to classical ones. It will also deal with the processing and integration of the point cloud, respectively the digital elevation model in topo-cadastral works. The main purpose of this paper is to compare the results obtained using the UAV photogrammetric measurements with the results obtained by classical methods. It will briefly present the classical measurements made with the total station. In the present project, the closed-circuit traverse and the supported on the endings traverse were made using known coordinate points. Determining the coordinates of the points used for the traverses was done by GNSS methods. The area on which the measurements were made is 67942m2 and is covered by 31 determined station points. From these points, 13 were used as ground control points, respectively components of the aero-triangulation network and 17 points were used to control the obtained results by comparing their coordinates obtained by classical methods with those obtained by the UAV photogrammetric method. It was intended that the constraint points of the aero triangulation to be uniformly distributed on the studied surface.

Forests have a major role in preserving an environment, suitable for human life, being a very important and renewable natural resource. Because of the multiple interests of forest users, a wider range of up-to-date information is being requested in the community of forestry. The study describes a geographic information system (GIS) research, based on information about a protected forest area. The aim of this paper is to develop a management plan that lays the foundations for a long-term management of natural resources, both in favor of humans, and nature, to promote the values of biodiversity in this protected natural area, involving as much as possible, the communities in the area. GIS can be used not only to edit and display maps, but also to enhance work quality. These enhancements include an exploration of information from different types of maps, recognizing potentially problematic areas, facilitating informative public hearings, and presenting major area features. GIS has been recently applied to numerous fields, including forestry. Most GIS research works on land-use planning and forest management, relates to the establishment of databases, the expansion of mathematical models to incorporate the capabilities of spatial analyses. The results of this study reveal several features including: classification of plots by altitude, slope, exhibition, consistency of the tree, dominant species, accessibility of the plots, and identifying the areas where the snow lasts the longest. GIS technology provides users easier access to various information’s about forest features and to visualize them through the maps. The management of this database facilitates the implementation of methods of conservation of protected forests.

Population management is difficult and complex due to its dynamic and complexity. When we talk about demography, we talk about human population in a defined geographic area, meaning, demography is a spatial science. Geographic Information System (GIS) is a modern tool used in many fields, to manage attribute data and spatial data, including population management. The aim of this study is to present the size of population for each county and urban/rural area on two different years: 2012 and 2020, and the estimation of population growth until the year of 2050. Used for processing spatial data, ArcGIS package from ESRI, allows spatial and geostatistical analysis, mathematical calculations and the visualizations of data. Modern cartography is using GIS technologies to create maps in an easier and flexible way. GIS can use the existing analog maps after digitizing them. Using GIS, specialists can create maps at any scale, centered on any location and showing any selected information. ArcGIS tools permit to visualize, query and overlay the data bases related to the maps. Using ArcGIS applications, we determined the counties which present an increasing of population, and those presenting a decreasing of population, as well as the evolution of population in urban and rural area. In order to determine which counties are affected more by the population decline, we calculated the growth rate using the three major demographic variables: Birth, Death and Migration. In conclusion, we can say that the population in Romania has decreased in the past 8 years and is going to decrease even more in the next 30 years. This happened due to the low birth rate and high emigration rate.

Urban green spaces (UGS) contribute to the development of the ecosystem, especially in crowded urban areas such as cooling effect, air and noise pollution mitigation, recreation, aesthetic pleasure, quality of life and public health, as well as economic benefits, such as raising the price of the real state in the vicinity of UGS. The aim of the paper is to realize a study on green spaces and an urban distribution of the size of a systematic planning of functional and aesthetic qualities. This study examines the distribution and amount of green space, as well as the size and rates per capita are assessed. Even the distribution of distance and the accessibility of green areas throughout the city are closely linked to ensuring recreational needs. Spatial statistics using GIS have made possible the development of correct, coherent explanatory UGS variables such as distance, size, density, connectivity, sight and accessibility. The parks and all green spaces composed of polygons were digitized from the ArcGIS Attribute Table for the evaluation of per capita rates and the execution of a plan to combat the deficit of green spaces. In order to make an assessment of the green spaces, a comparative study of the area of interest from 2010 and 2020 was considered. According to the spatial analyses from ArcGis, during the 10 years, an intense real estate market was developed, affecting the distribution of green spaces per capita.

The minor riverbed of the Someș River is identified in the built-up area and the outside of the built-up area of Fărcașa ATU and the Ardusat ATU outside the built-up area, from the Ardusat DJ 193 road bridge, between hm 2725-2855 and between hm 2815-2867, according to GD (Government Decision) 1705/2006. For the first registration work of the Someș minor riverbed, the measurements, their processing and the afferent documentation were made in accordance with the Order of the general director of the National Agency for Cadastre and Real Estate Advertising no. 700/2014, updated in 2020. The purpose of the project refers to the topo-cadastral methods performed for the elaboration of the documentation of first registration in the Land Book of the minor riverbed belonging to the Someș river located within the radius of ATU Ardusat and ATU Fărcașa from Maramureș county. For the acquisition of the necessary data, both field works and office operations for data processing were taken into account, the studied area being 222.7 hectares. Measurements were performed using GNSS technology using the real-time kinematic RTK method. The UAV aerial photogrammetric method was used to obtain a high degree of detail. The drone used was equipped with an RTK module that receives real-time corrections, thus maintaining a high accuracy.

Laser scanning describes a method by which a surface is sampled or scanned using laser technology. The science of valuation has become more and more sophisticated as the development of society in general and of the economy in particular, in order to meet, eventually, complex information needs. The main idea of this project is to carry out scanning works in the framework of the evaluation report of a property. For this project, The Leica Scanstation C10 laser scanner was used and the following methods were applied for the scan operation: Backward Intersection Method, Deletion Method. For the valuation we used Market approach and Cost approach. The use of the laser scanner led to the expected results, namely the retrieval of an enormous volume of information collected from the field, of extremely high accuracy which subsequently helped to model a large number of details necessary to improve the evaluation process.

In Romania’s most rural parts, the urban networks are not sufficiently developed. In order to improve the living standards of the inhabitants of Lechinta village, Iernut city, Mures county, it is necessary to extend water supply and sewerage infrastructure. For a better visualization and understanding of the interest area, a database was created in which the constructions, buildings, electrical and optical fiber networks, infrastructure and access ways were digitized. Considering the created database and the digital elevation model of the terrain, it was possible to easily design the water supply and sewerage infrastructure that allowed a better management of the field measurements. In order to ensure a higher degree of details, but also to complete and verify the measurements made with GPS receivers, photogrammetric and LiDAR data were obtained using a UAS equipped with the TopoDrone LiDAR 100 Lite sensor and the Zenmuse X4S DJI camera. The field data were imported into the ArcGIS application and analyzed in order to achieve the water supply and sewerage infrastructure. In order to visualize the digitization of the elements in the field, web maps were made using ArcGIS online application. The first map allows a 3D view of the area of interest and the second map includes 5 applications: database visualization, selection of desired layers, determination of distances and surfaces, use of different basemaps as well as sharing information through email, Facebook, etc. Database and webmaps that were created contribute to an easier design of urban networks and the visualization of the land in real time.

This paper aims to highlight the behavior in time monitoring of a hydrotechnical construction by establishing the displacements compared to the base tranche and the previous tranche, processing these measurements and establishing conclusions on the behavior of the analyzed construction. The main purpose of this paper is to study if there are any displacements of the studied hydrotechnical construction between different measurements tranches. Field measurements were performed between September - December 2016, after which the data was processed at the office with specially developed programs for this purpose. For the micro-triangulation stage, respectively for measuring the directions and distances, were used Leica TS02 Plus R500 total stations. The measurement accuracy of this total station is 1” for directional determination and 1.5mm + 2ppm for distances. Tracking the behavior in time of hydrotechnical constructions are of great importance, because it can prevent many calamities like breaking the dam, floods etc.

Along with the development and improvement of measuring technologies and techniques in recent times, new methods have appeared to model and monitor the behavior of land and constructions over time. The main purpose of this research was to develop a new methodology to model and monitor large buildings in a non-invasive way. The methods proposed in this research are non-destructive and can be used to monitor the behavior of buildings over time. A method of comparing point clouds obtained using terrestrial laser scanning combined with aerial photogrammetric methods was used in this study. The advantages and disadvantages of using non-destructive measurement techniques over the classic methods were also analyzed. With a building located in the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca campus as a case study and with the help of the proposed methods, the deformations over time of the facades of that building were determined. As one of the main conclusions of this case study, it can be stated that the proposed methods are adequate to model and monitor the behavior of constructions over time, ensuring a satisfactory degree of precision and accuracy. The methodology can be successfully applied to other similar projects.