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Sulfur (S) has an important place in meeting the nutritional needs of radish and obtaining high quality products. Biochar applications affect soil quality and plant growth positively. The study was carried out to determine the sulfur fertilizer demand of the radish plant grown in the calcareous soils at Konya that located in Central Anatolia, which has an important agricultural potential. In the study, it was aimed to determine the effect of biochar application on the plant's use of sulfur and plant growth, and the appropriate sulfur(S) fertilizer dose for radish. In the study, elemental-S (0-200-400 mgkg-1), SO4-2-S (0-25-50 mgkg-1) and biochar (0-1% - 2%) were applied to the cultivation soil. Plant material is 8TR-17 hazelnut radish (Raphanus sativus var.) variety. According to the results obtained, leaf chlorophyll SPAD values, plant height, tuber weight, the remaining S (mgkg-1) concentration in the soil at the end of the experiment were significantly different with increasing S doses compared to the control (p<0.01). Leaf chlorophyll SPAD values, plant height, tuber weight and the remaining S (mgkg-1) concentration in the soil(p<0.01) and stem diameter (p< 0.05) showed significant differences compared to the control at the interaction between biochar doses and S application forms. The chlorophyll SPAD value varied between 23.3and 34.8, leaf length varied between 5.59 and 6.49 cm, the number of leaves varied between 2.98 to 4.06 piecesplant-1 and leaf weight varied between 6.01 to 10.45 gpot-1. Stem length varied between 0.75 to 2.23 cmplant-1 and stem diameter varied between 1.5 to 15.24 cmplant-1. Tuber weight averages ranged from 0.136 to 4.566 gpot-1 and with the biochar applications increased compared to control. These increases are especially important in the SO4-2-S application. The remaining S (mgkg-1) concentrations in the soil are between 13.40 to 94.43 mgkg-1. These values showed significant differences with S fertilizers, S doses and biochar applications (p<0.05). At the soil pH value at the end of the experiment considering the mean values of sulfur doses, showed a decrease of 0.07 units compared to the control and this value was statistically significant (p<0.01). As a result, it is thought that good plant growth and tuber formation will be achieved with the application of 2% biochar in the cultivation of hazelnut radish, when the sand content is low and partially clayey loam soil will be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study for the first time, biological reduction of the Acid Red 14 in elemental sulfur-based anaerobic reactor was studied. Two up-flow packed bed reactors were investigated in parallel for 95 days. Sulfur and methanol were used as electron donors in these reactors and the performance of the sulfur-based reduction process was investigated in comparison with a conventional electron source - methanol. The reactors were operated in 7 different periods, the influent dye concentration was kept at 5-10 mg/L and HRT was set to 12-24 hours. While influent Acid Red 14 concentration was 10±0.14 mg/L, it was reduced to 1.3±0.2 in the methanol-based reactor and 2.05±0.2 in the sulfur-based reactor. Elemental sulfur was used for the first time in and the effect of sulfur oxidation in dye reduction process on sulfate and alkalinity production was also investigated.

Bu çalışmada ilk kez elementel kükürt bazlı anaerobik reaktörde Asit Kırmızı 14'ün biyolojik olarak indirgenmesi çalışılmıştır. İki yukarı akışlı paket yataklı reaktör birbirine paralel olarak 95 gün boyunca işletilmiştir. Bu reaktörlerde elektron kaynağı olarak kükürt ve metanol kullanılmış ve kükürt bazlı indirgeme işleminin performansı yaygın bir elektron kaynağı olan metanol ile karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Reaktörler 7 farklı periyotta çalışılmış olup, giriş boya konsantrasyonu 5-10 mg/L’de ve HRT 12-24 sa. olarak ayarlanmıştır. Asit Kırmızı 14 konsantrasyonu girişte 10±0.14 mg/L iken, metanol bazlı reaktörde 1.3±0.2 mg/L'ye, kükürt esaslı reaktörde ise 2.05±0.2 mg/L’ye düşmüştür. Kükürt bu çalışma ile boya indirgeme sürecinde ilk kez kullanılmış ve bu süreçte kükürt oksidasyonunun sülfat ve alkalinite üretimine etkisi ayrıca araştırılmıştır.

Bu çalışmada kompleksleştirme yöntemiyle eşmolar oranda Ti-V-Fe ve Ti-V-Cr katalizörleri sentezlenmiş ve H2S’ün seçici oksidasyon reaksiyonuyla elementel kükürt eldesindeki aktiviteleri incelenmiştir. Katalizörlerin katalitik aktiviteleri dolgulu kolon reaktör sisteminde farklı sıcaklık (200°C, 250°C, 300°C) ve stokiyometrik gaz (O2/H2S:0,5) bileşiminde incelenmiştir. Katalizörlerin yapısal özellikleri N2 adsorpsiyon-desorpsiyon, XRD, TPR, SEM-EDS analizleri ile belirlenmiştir. Sentezlenen katalizörlerin mezogözenekli yapıya sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ti-V-Cr katalizörünün kristal yapısı TiO2’in rutile fazı ve Cr2O3 bileşiklerinden oluşurken, Ti-V-Fe katalizörü kompleks bir kristal yapı sergilemiştir. Bu katalizörün yapısında Fe2TiO5, V2O5, FeV2O4, rutile TiO2 ve Fe2O3 bileşikleri görülmüştür. Sentezlenen her iki katalizörle de 250°C reaksiyon sıcaklığında % 100 H2S dönüşümü elde edilmiştir. Reaksiyon sıcaklığındaki artış ve azalış katalizörlerde elde edilen H2S dönüşümünde azalmaya sebep olmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra çalışılan tüm şartlarda her iki katalizörle de oldukça yüksek (≥% 97) elementel kükürt seçiciliği elde edilmiştir. Özellikle 200°C sıcaklıkta, yapısında kompleks bileşikleri içeren Ti-V-Fe katalizörü ile (% 73 H2S dönüşümü) Ti-V-Cr katalizörüne kıyasla (% 51 H2S dönüşümü) daha yüksek dönüşüm elde edilmiştir.

In this study for the first time, biological reduction of the Acid Red 14 in elemental sulfur-based anaerobic reactor was studied. Two up-flow packed bed reactors were investigated in parallel for 95 days. Sulfur and methanol were used as electron donors in these reactors and the performance of the sulfur-based reduction process was investigated in comparison with a conventional electron source - methanol. The reactors were operated in 7 different periods, the influent dye concentration was kept at 5-10 mg/L and HRT was set to 12-24 hours. While influent Acid Red 14 concentration was 10±0.14 mg/L, it was reduced to 1.3±0.2 in the methanol-based reactor and 2.05±0.2 in the sulfur-based reactor. Elemental sulfur was used for the first time in and the effect of sulfur oxidation in dye reduction process on sulfate and alkalinity production was also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Ce-O catalysts were prepared by the modified complexation method and their activities were tested for selective catalytic oxidation of H2S to elementel sulfur. The calcination process, which is the last step of catalyst synthesis, was performed at different temperatures (300°C, 350°C, 400°C ve 450°C) and the effect of calcination temperature on the catalytic activity was investigated. Activity tests with the synthesized catalysts were carried out in a fixed-bed reactor system using different feed ratios of O2/H2S at 250oC. The XRD patterns of all the catalysts, calcined at different temperatures, show the formation of cerianite phase with non-stoichiometric O2 (CeO(2-x)) in the bulk phase. The XPS analysis of the Ce-O catalyst supported this result, while most of cerium was in +4 oxidation state, +3 oxidation state was also observed in Ce-O catalyst. Rather high elemental sulfur selectivity (≥ 97%) was achieved with all Ce-O catalysts. However, Ce-O-350 catalyst which was calcined at 350°C gave the longest catalytic activity with an H2S conversion of 69% in selective oxidation of H2S. The decreasing of calcination temperature of the catalysts was resulted in the increase in its catalytic activity. Catalytic activity for longer periods which was achieved with Ce-O catalyst calcined at lower temperatures was due to better oxygen mobility of the catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perchlorate could easily reach to underground water since it has low adsorption properties. In natural ways, it forms in the reaction of chlorine with ozone gases and accumulates in the several regions (i.e. Atacama/Chile) in the ground. Perchlorate also presents in playa crust, hanksite, sylvinite and potash ore. One of the most common methods for perchlorate removal is the reduction of perchlorate to harmless CI- ions in the presence of an electron donor. Several organic and inorganic electron donors are being used for this purpose. Although inorganic electron sources, has some drawbacks such as slow kinetics (Fe0), explosive nature (H2) and releasing of other contaminants (S0), they does not contaminates water with organic residuals therefore has been preferred in recent years. In this study, common inorganic electron sources were investigated and their performances were compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]