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Introduction and purpose: The impact of electronic devices on our daily lives is becoming increasingly significant. The contemporary generation of young people is growing up in a world where smartphones, tablets, computers, and other electronic devices are widely available and utilized. Scientists are contemplating the challenges posed by excessive exploitation of electronics on the health of young individuals. The aim of the article is to present the harmful effects of using electronic devices before sleep in young people, considering medical aspects such as sleep disorders and their influence on overall psychophysical health. Summary: Electronic devices negatively affect the sleep of young people by reducing sleep time and delaying the sleep onset phase. The main problem is the use of electronic devices without time limits. In the era of technology, it is significantly important to raise awareness among young people about the importance of sleep hygiene and how blue light emitted by electronic devices affects its quality. Materials and Evidence: A literature review was conducted in the PubMed database using [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used to solve multi‐objective problems and reduce the turnaround times of semiconductor processes. However, only brief AI explanations are available for process/device/circuit engineers to provide holistic feedback on the manufactured results. Herein, linear/nonlinear variation decomposition (LVD/NLVD) of neural networks is demonstrated to quantitatively evaluate the influence of unit processes on the figure of merit (FoM) and co‐analyze the unit process influences with device characteristic behaviors. The NLVD can evaluate the output variation from each input of neural networks in an individual sample, although neural networks are not available in an analytic form. The NLVD is successfully verified by confirming that a) the output and summation of all decomposed output variations perfectly coincide and b) the process influences on the FoM are decomposed to 6.01–54.86% more accurately compared with those of LVD in 1Y nm node dynamic random‐access memory test vehicles with a baseline and split tests introducing high‐k metal gates with a minimum gate length of 1 A nm node for further node scaling. The approaches identify defective processes and defect mechanisms in each sample and wafer, which enhance causal analyses for individual cases in diverse fields based on regression artificial neural networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite research demonstrating sleep disturbance in children with Tourette syndrome (TS), few studies have examined bedtime regularity and sleep sufficiency, two important sleep health dimensions. Therefore, this study examined bedtime regularity and sleep sufficiency in children with TS relative to matched healthy control subjects, and its associated demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors. Participants were 384 parents or caregivers of children aged three to 17 years, including 192 with current TS and 192 matched healthy control subjects drawn from the 2020-2021 cycle of the National Survey of Children's Health. Parents completed questions assessing demographic (i.e., age, race, sex), clinical (i.e., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, depression, tic severity, behavioral or conduct problems, ADHD medication, health condition-related impairment), and behavioral (i.e., screen time) characteristics. Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test of independence were performed to compare groups on bedtime regularity and sleep sufficiency, respectively. Ordinal regression and binary logistic regression without and with backward elimination were performed to evaluate indicators of bedtime regularity and sleep sufficiency, respectively, in children with TS. Children with current TS had significantly poorer bedtime regularity, but not sleep sufficiency, relative to matched healthy control subjects. In children with TS, anxiety and two or more hours of daily screen time were associated with higher likelihood of poor bedtime regularity. Autism was associated with lower likelihood of insufficient sleep, and depression was associated with increased likelihood of insufficient sleep. Findings put forth screen time, anxiety, and depression as intervention targets to optimize sleep health in children with TS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Electronic devices have become one of the most essential accessories being used in daily lives including schools. Those devices increase the communication and using them makes learning much easier. Microbial contamination of electronic devices and inanimate surface of electronic equipment at INES-Ruhengeri can have a significant role for transmission of pathogenic bacteria. Aim: The aim of this study was to isolate and identify bacteria from electronic devices used by students and staffs at INES-Ruhengeri University. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was done on 40 electronic devices such as computers, microscopes, global positioning system (GPS) and total stations A random sampling method was applied from sterile swab soaked in peptone water solution by the technique of bearing on the surface of the entire devices and then placed in a transport medium. Collected samples were then taken in INES-Ruhengeri Microbiology laboratory for further experiments. Results: All 40 electronic devices were contaminated with bacteria. The most predominant bacteria isolated from electronic devices was S.aureus (25.9%) followed by Bacillus spp(24.1%), K.pneumonia(12.9%), S.epidermis(12.9%), Micrococcus spp(7.4%), P.aeruginosa(5.5%), E.coli(3.3%), Salmonella spp(3.3%) and Shigella spp(3.3%). Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of selected antibiotics was performed. Norfloxin was the most sensitive antibiotic on all isolated bacteria. Chloramphenicol antibiotic shown no activity over any of the isolated bacteria, to imply that all bacteria had resistance on it. Conclusion: This study shown that there is bacterial contamination to all devices and antibiotic susceptibility test shown that some antibiotics were sensitive and resistant to the isolated bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermally conductive polymer nanocomposites are more beneficial compared to metal parts in applications like wearable electronics, flexible displays, and electrical devices. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent progress and advancements in thermally conductive polymer nanocomposites. The main emphasis has been given to the synthesis methods, advancements of polymer materials blended with thermally conductive filler materials and applications that evolved in recent years. Furthermore, the article also covers the technological challenges being faced and the future research scope of thermally conductive polymer nanocomposites. This article provides insightful motivation for designing and developing novel thermally conductive polymer nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced electronics and telecommunication devices rely on electromagnetic (EM) waves of a wide frequency range during their operation, thereby necessitating the development of efficient and ultrathin materials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding across multispectral EM waves, particularly those exceeding 100 GHz, equivalent to millimeter wavelengths. Here, this study reveals that highly crystalline Ti3C2Tx MXene exhibits excellent EMI shielding performance across a multispectral frequency range from 100 kHz to 110 GHz, along with outstanding environmental stability and processability for solution coating and film fabrication. Notably, the highly crystalline Ti3C2Tx MXene films exhibit the highest electrical conductivity (18,000 S cm−1) and remarkable environmental stability (maintaining >95% electrical conductivity over one year), coupled with effective EMI shielding (up to 106 dB at 110 GHz with an ultrathin thickness of 10 µm), surpassing five other MXenes, including Nb2CTx, V2CTx, conv.‐Ti3C2Tx, Ti3CNTx, and Mo2Ti2C3Tx, and different synthetic materials. Furthermore, increasing the thickness, electrical conductivity, and frequency enhances the shielding performance. These results demonstrate the potential of applying MXenes to next‐generation portable electronics, radar systems, and autonomous vehicles. This study also provides insight into the fundamental shielding mechanisms related to material thickness, electrical conductivity, and frequency of EM waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites have garnered significant attention for their potential in transistor applications, combining environmental sustainability with advanced electrical functionalities. This comprehensive review delves into the recent advancements in the synthesis, characterization, and application of cellulose/rGO composites, particularly in the realm of transistors. We explore various synthesis methodologies such as in-situ reduction, chemical grafting, and physical mixing, examining their effects on the composites' structural, chemical, and morphological properties. The review highlights the deployment of these composites in diverse transistor types including field-effect transistors (FETs), organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), and biosensors, emphasizing their design, functionality, and performance enhancements. Furthermore, we discuss strategies for material optimization such as tuning composite ratios, functionalization, and the integration of additional materials to boost electrical conductivity, charge carrier mobility, and sensitivity. The review also addresses the challenges of scalability, reproducibility, and long-term stability of cellulose/rGO composites, proposing future research directions for novel composite formulations, device architectures, and broader applications in flexible and wearable electronics. This analysis not only underscores the unique properties of cellulose/rGO composites but also their transformative potential in developing sustainable, high-performance electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Up to 25% of children and 5.6% of adults in the USA have atopic dermatitis (AD), with substantial impacts on quality of life. Effective control can be challenging despite therapy efforts. The emergence of information and communication technologies (ICT) in AD management prompted this study to assess its impact on self-management. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess outcomes from peer-reviewed clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of teledermatology, mobile health (mHealth) apps, and electronic devices for managing AD. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase for articles written in English and published until May 2023. Results: Twelve trials with 2424 participants were selected from 811 studies. A meta-analysis of 1038 individuals reported a mean difference (MD) of −1.57 [95% confidence interval (CI): −2.24, −0.91] for the Patient Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM). A meta-analysis of 495 individuals reported a Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) MD of −0.59 [95% CI: −0.95, −0.23]. Despite heterogeneity (I2 = 47% and I2 = 74%), the impact was significant (P ≤ 0.001). SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) showed an insignificant MD of −0.12 (P = 0.91). Conclusion: mHealth applications and telemonitoring show significant improvement in patients' quality of life (DLQI) and self-management (POEM) but no significant impact on AD severity (SCORAD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reliable functioning of next-generation electronic devices within their temperature limits is contingent upon the efficient removal of high heat flux. Interfaces between the device, heat spreaders, and heat sink contribute significantly to thermal resistance in conventional chip packages. The elimination of interface resistances can lead to a noteworthy decrease in overall thermal resistance by incorporating the heat sink directly into the heat-generating device. The current study involved the manufacturing, simulation and experimentation of a micro channel heat sink. The micro channel assembly is manufactured with dimensions of 50 × 50 × 3 mm. The length of micro channel is 35 mm having height and width of 0.2 mm with 58 channels. The experimentation and numerical simulation was done with considering the various parameters like mass flow rate, heat flux, and inlet temperature of nanofluid. The microchannel heat sink improved electronic device thermal performance in fabrication, experimentation, and numerical simulation. The heat sink lowered device temperatures and prevented overheating. Nanofluid at 0.3% volume and at a mass flow rate of 8 m/s, the heat transfer coefficient reaches a maximum value of 13,693.00 W/m2 K at input temperature of 35 °C. The comprehension of the heat sink's performance was enhanced subsequent to the simulations, which unveiled the fluid flow characteristics and heat transfer mechanisms within the microchannels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de la Salud (RIICS) is the property of Fundacion Universitaria Maria Cano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Electronic devices such as smartphones have become a primary part of young people's lives. Fear of missing out seems to influence the ability to set boundaries around sleep time. This study aims to explore (1) the use of electronic media devices in pre-sleep time, quality of sleep, anxiety, and well-being in females and males' university students in the UK and Spain, (2) whether university students' fear of missing out (FoMO) is associated with a higher usage of electronic devices at night-time by gender. A cross-sectional, quantitative design through Qualtrics.com was used. Samples were formed by N = 159 British participants, and N = 172 Spanish. Findings from this study suggest that fear of missing out in females is a predictor, in both countries, of electronic devices usage at night-time but not in males. Night-time usage of electronic devices is a predictor of: higher sleep difficulties in British males and females and in Spanish females, higher FoMO in females from both countries but not in males, and higher negative experiences in Spanish females. Night-time usage of electronic devices did not predict satisfaction with life or loneliness. There is a lack in the literature examining general electronic devices usage habits during night-time, fear of missing out, well-being and mental health, a lack of cross-cultural studies and that consider well-being not with positive or negative factors but from a broad perspective of the construct. Findings suggest the necessity to evaluate students' levels of FoMO in clinical practice, especially in females, and to incorporate this construct in prevention and intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, great attention is being devoted towards resistive switching devices owing to lower switching voltage (<3 V), higher tolerance (> 10∧6 cycles), higher scalability (< 10 nm), multi-bit operations, and higher information storage time (10 years) compared to the existing broadly employed transistor technology. This was all possible owing to the accidental discovery of memristance by Hewlett Packard (HP) labs in 2008. In the past few decades, discoveries of such unique electronic properties have led to tremendous technological advancements. Consequently, it is very important to continually seek newer electronic characteristics. In this work, copper (Cu)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film was synthesized on Cu electrodes to form a Cu/Cu: ZnO/Cu resistive switching device. Function generator and oscilloscope were employed to obtain the electronic characteristics of the device instead of conventional techniques, which resulted in a 96.17% improvement in total equipment expenses. Most importantly, the proposed device exhibited hysteresis resonance and multi-pinched hysteresis; such phenomena have never been reported to date. These characteristics are extremely essential towards futuristic electronics for the development of computational circuits with meliorated performance, electronic systems with improved controllability, memory cells with higher data storage, and in-memory-based processing capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Electronic devices have become one of the most essential accessories being used in daily lives including schools. Those devices increase the communication and using them makes learning much easier. Microbial contamination of electronic devices and inanimate surface of electronic equipment at INES-Ruhengeri can have a significant role for transmission of pathogenic bacteria. Aim: The aim of this study was to isolate and identify bacteria from electronic devices used by students and staffs at INES-Ruhengeri University. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was done on 40 electronic devices such as computers, microscopes, global positioning system (GPS) and total stations A random sampling method was applied from sterile swab soaked in peptone water solution by the technique of bearing on the surface of the entire devices and then placed in a transport medium. Collected samples were then taken in INES-Ruhengeri Microbiology laboratory for further experiments. Results: All 40 electronic devices were contaminated with bacteria. The most predominant bacteria isolated from electronic devices was S.aureus (25.9%) followed by Bacillus spp(24.1%), K.pneumonia(12.9%), S.epidermis(12.9%), Micrococcus spp(7.4%), P.aeruginosa(5.5%), E.coli(3.3%), Salmonella spp(3.3%) and Shigella spp(3.3%). Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of selected antibiotics was performed. Norfloxin was the most sensitive antibiotic on all isolated bacteria. Chloramphenicol antibiotic shown no activity over any of the isolated bacteria, to imply that all bacteria had resistance on it. Conclusion: This study shown that there is bacterial contamination to all devices and antibiotic susceptibility test shown that some antibiotics were sensitive and resistant to the isolated bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper constituted an extension of two previous studies concerning the mathematical development of the grain boundary grooving in polycrystalline thin films in the cases of evaporation/condensation and diffusion taken separately. The thermal grooving processes are deeply controlled by the various mass transfer mechanisms of evaporation–condensation, surface diffusion, lattice diffusion, and grain boundary diffusion. This study proposed a new original analytical solution to the mathematical problem governing the grain groove profile in the case of simultaneous effects of evaporation–condensation and diffusion in polycrystalline thin films by resolving the corresponding fourth-order partial differential equation ∂ y ∂ t = C ∂ 2 y ∂ x 2 − B ∂ 4 y ∂ x 4 obtained from the approximation ∂ y ∂ x 2 ≪ 1 . The comparison of the new solution to that of diffusion alone proved an important effect of the coupling of evaporation and diffusion on the geometric characteristics of the groove profile. A second analytical solution based on the series development was also proposed. It was proved that changes in the boundary conditions of the grain grooving profile largely affected the different geometric characteristics of the groove profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used to solve multi‐objective problems and reduce the turnaround times of semiconductor processes. However, only brief AI explanations are available for process/device/circuit engineers to provide holistic feedback on the manufactured results. Herein, linear/nonlinear variation decomposition (LVD/NLVD) of neural networks is demonstrated to quantitatively evaluate the influence of unit processes on the figure of merit (FoM) and co‐analyze the unit process influences with device characteristic behaviors. The NLVD can evaluate the output variation from each input of neural networks in an individual sample, although neural networks are not available in an analytic form. The NLVD is successfully verified by confirming that a) the output and summation of all decomposed output variations perfectly coincide and b) the process influences on the FoM are decomposed to 6.01–54.86% more accurately compared with those of LVD in 1Y nm node dynamic random‐access memory test vehicles with a baseline and split tests introducing high‐k metal gates with a minimum gate length of 1 A nm node for further node scaling. The approaches identify defective processes and defect mechanisms in each sample and wafer, which enhance causal analyses for individual cases in diverse fields based on regression artificial neural networks.

Humans have been surrounded by various forms of radiation since creation. The first type of radiation is electromagnetic in nature. Radioactive radiation partly emanates from the earth surface. Nowadays, each of us uses a mobile phone daily. Computers, monitors, and televisions have added seriousness to this issue, as they generate both electrostatic and electromagnetic fields. Electromagnetic radiation can cause everything from insomnia to serious health problems that threaten people lives. It is this study that is intended to bring the issue of the occurrence and localization of such zones into focus. Such electromagnetic radiation, invisible to humans, is faced by a large part of the population. It is dangerous to stay in these locations for a long time. People who sleep in this zone for long periods of time are the most vulnerable. In our study, we also looked at the impact of the use of mobile phones and other devices that generate electromagnetic fields. In this study, our aim was to provide a theoretical overview of this issue, which has not received much attention, and which can be a trigger for many health diseases, especially in combination with geopathogenic zones.

In the human body, non-centrosymmetric biological structures exhibit piezoelectric effect across from microscopic biomolecular building blocks to macroscopic tissues and organs. However, the fabrication of piezoelectric devices from discarded natural tissues and organs has rarely been exploited for energy harvesting applications. Herein, the extracted human teeth were recycled as an active layer in a piezoelectric nanogenerator for power generation. Due to the piezoelectric effect of enamel and dentin, a human teeth-based sandwiched piezoelectric nanogenerator was fabricated, producing high and stable power outputs with an open-circuit voltage of approximately 0.9 V under an external force at 60 N. Furthermore, the high mechanical durability of the piezoelectric nanogenerator was also verified after 1600 pressing-and-releasing cycles without noticeable output degradation. Notably, for the first time, a light-emitting diode (LED) was illuminated by the human teeth-based piezoelectric device. This work exemplifies a sustainable strategy to recycle the extracted human teeth by fabricating a piezoelectric nanogenerator for energy harvesting, providing inspiration for converting waste into wealth toward green energy in bionanotechnology.

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are a specific class of hybrid, crystalline, nano‐porous materials made of metal‐ion‐based 'nodes' and organic linkers. Most of the studies on MOFs largely focused on porosity, chemical and structural diversity, gas sorption, sensing, drug delivery, catalysis, and separation applications. In contrast, much less reports paid attention to understanding and tuning the electrical properties of MOFs. Poor electrical conductivity of MOFs (~10−7–10−10 S cm−1), reported in earlier studies, impeded their applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and renewable energy storage. To overcome this drawback, the MOF community has adopted several intriguing strategies for electronic applications. The present review focuses on creatively designed bulk MOFs and surface‐anchored MOFs (SURMOFs) with different metal nodes (from transition metals to lanthanides), ligand functionalities, and doping entities, allowing tuning and enhancement of electrical conductivity. Diverse platforms for MOFs‐based electronic device fabrications, conductivity measurements, and underlying charge transport mechanisms are also addressed. Overall, the review highlights the pros and cons of MOFs‐based electronics (MOFtronics), followed by an analysis of the future directions of research, including optimization of the MOF compositions, heterostructures, electrical contacts, device stacking, and further relevant options which can be of interest for MOF researchers and result in improved devices performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a thin film containing a flexible polymer nanocomposite of iron oxide (Fe2O3) and poly(4-chloroaniline) P(4-ClAni) was successfully synthesized using the green polymerization fabrication method. To confirm the effective synthesis of the P(4-ClAni)/Fe2O3 nanocomposite, the XRD, SEM, and FTIR analyses were used. The SEM pictures revealed that the nanocomposite contain Fe2O3 nanoparticles distributed throughout the polymer matrix. The optical absorbance of the P(4-ClAni) and P(4-ClAni)/Fe2O3 films was measured at room temperature using a UV-vis spectrophotometer from 190 to 1150 nm. The optical properties of P(4-ClAni)/Fe2O3 films were calculated using Tauc's relation. The Urbach energy of the P(4-ClAni) increases from 0.96 eV to 1.65 eV, 1.73 eV, and 1.86 eV, respectively, when mixed with 2%, 4%, and 6% of Fe2O3. On the other hand, the band gap energy of P(4-ClAni) decreases from 3.57 eV to 3.39 eV, 3.07 eV, and 2.84 eV, respectively, with the addition of 2%, 4%, and 6% Fe2O3. Based on the results of this study, the composite P(4-ClAni)/Fe2O3 sheets can be used for flexible electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and the characterization of a non-linear target to test an intermodulation radar was performed using the AWR design environment Version 22 by Cadence software. Two experimental setups for intermodulation measurements were realized in order to characterize connectorized or antenna-equipped devices. Both setups were modeled using the VSS software available inside AWR Version 22. The comparison between measurements and simulations on the designed target showed a very good agreement. Intermodulation measurements were performed on connectorized devices present inside electronic systems and on various transceiver available on the market. This experimental study evidenced that the non-linearities of devices such as amplifiers and mixers are visible at their access ports even when the device is switched off. Moreover, this study highlights the ability of an intermodulation radar to remotely detect the presence of a particular transceiver, even when the latter is switched off, thanks to the specific frequency response of its intermodulation products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urgency of the research. At the current stage of development of science, technology and information technologies, electronic devices, devices and systems are the basis of automation of technological processes of production and are effectively used in all its spheres. On the basis of integrated technologies, devices for automation of production, individual nodes and processes, measuring equipment, analog-digital and digital-analog converters, etc. are created. Target setting. There was a need to create an installation that would ensure the integration of the possibilities of virtual and physical research of the parameters and characteristics of electronic devices, devices and systems in laboratory conditions, with the possibility of conducting research and analyzing their results both physically and virtually. The research objective: to reveal the characteristics, purpose and principle of operation of the developed model of a universal laboratory installation for the study of parameters and characteristics of electronic devices, devices and systems, ensuring the possibility of operation of the installation with computer and software. The statement of basic material. The article describes the characteristics, purpose and principle of operation of the developed model of a universal laboratory installation for the study of parameters and characteristics of electronic devices, devices and systems, with the provision of the possibility of operation of the installation with computer and software. The installation can successfully replace several measuring devices, which allows for better quality research. Its elements allow integrating their communication using an interface and optimize the research process by using the necessary software; physical measurements of parameters and characteristics of models of electronic devices and systems are carried out with the help of software, for example, based on the circuit modeling program «MULTISIM». Conclusions. The installation can be effectively used in the training of electronics specialists in institutions of higher education, as well as in conducting research and tests in the field of electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Investigate individual and contextual determinants associated with traumatic dental injuries in schoolchildren. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 739 pairs of parents and children. Parents answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale and a questionnaire on the child’s use of electronic devices. Examinations of the children were conducted at the school by calibrated examiners using the diagnostic criteria proposed by Andreasen. Contextual variables of the school were also collected. Multilevel Poisson regression for complex samples was performed (p

As global economic growth increases, the demand for energy sources boosts. While fossil fuels have traditionally satisfied this demand, their environmental influence and limited reserves require alternatives. Fossil fuel combustion contributes substantially to greenhouse gas emissions, with a pressing need to halve these emissions by 2030 and target net-zero by 2050. Renewable energy sources, contributing currently to 29% of global electricity, are viewed as promising substitutes. With wind energy's potential, Zheng's team developed a novel method to harness even low wind speeds using well-aligned nanofibers and an innovative “drop wind generator”. This system, combining moisture-saturated ionic liquid 3-Methyl-1-octylimidazolium chloride with specific nanofiber arrays, exploits wind-induced flows for energy conversion. This study highlights the vast untapped potential of low-speed wind as a sustainable energy source potentially for electronics.

As a result of rapid technological development, electronic devices have become an inseparable part of everyday life. Numerous studies show a significant increase in the frequency and duration of electronic device use among children and youth, pointing to potential negative consequences of excessive use. The aim of this study is to examine the frequency of electronic device use among early school-age children and to determine differences in usage based on place of residence and parental behaviors. The study involved 87 parents (68 mothers and 19 fathers) of first-grade primary school children. The research was conducted in Brčko District. Data collection on the frequency of electronic device use in children was done through a parent questionnaire consisting of 11 items, designed specifically for the purposes of the study. The research results indicate that 66.7% of first-grade elementary school children use electronic devices daily, with 94.3% of respondents using electronic devices for up to 3 hours per day. The most used devices among children are mobile phones and tablets (54%), followed by TV (46%), and even 42.5% of respondents own their own electronic device for use. Children who do not have established usage rules by parents tend to use electronic devices significantly more frequently and for longer durations, as do children from urban areas compared to those from rural/suburban areas. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the frequency and duration of device usage based on parental employment status. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that excessive use of electronic devices is present among early school-age children, and such results imply the need for parental education and prevention of long-term consequences on children's development.

The available data about the role of electromagnetic fields are incomplete and conflicting. An observational study was carried out through the administration of a questionnaire created ad hoc on a cohort of young adults from November 2022 to April 2023. 58% of the sample believes that electromagnetic fields are harmful. We didn’t detect statistically significant differences for age, sex, income, educational level or prevention score. We observed statistically significant associations with a more frequent usage of PC and Wi-Fi in people with an intermediate knowledge score (p

The study considers the medical and socio-pedagogical risks of primary school children using digital devices and social networks, based on the results of a medical and social study, the purpose of which was to assess and systematize these risks. The digital devices, the Internet and activities on social networks have become an integral part of the lives of modern children. However, their use can negatively affect the neuropsychic status of the child and lead to problems with vision and the musculoskeletal system. For this reason, parental control over the use of gadgets and social networks that is safe for children’s health is very important. The methodological basis of the research was social pedagogy, which explores the processes of interaction of a growing person with various objects of society in the main spheres of his/her life: family, educational and social, performing an integrating function in the study of current social problems of children, families and society by various scientific disciplines. A complex of research methods was used, with the main one being a questionnaire survey of parents with children of primary school age and living in the Borovsky district of the Kaluga region (the research base of the Research Institute of Hygiene and Health Protection of Children and Adolescents, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation). It was found that watching videos is a risk of increased irritability, computer games, searching for information on the Internet, uncontrolled use of digital media - a risk of visual impairment, using social networks - complaints for communication difficulties. More than 50% of parents need help from specialists in improving digital literacy and using digital devices safely for children’s health.

In the rapidly evolving landscape of continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring systems, there is a heightened demand for non-invasive sensors capable of measuring ECGs and detecting heart rate variability (HRV) in diverse populations, ranging from cardiovascular patients to sports enthusiasts. Challenges like device accuracy, patient privacy, signal noise, and long-term safety impede the use of wearable devices in clinical practice. This scoping review aims to assess the performance and safety of novel multi-channel, sensor-based biopotential wearable devices in adults. A comprehensive search strategy was employed on four databases, resulting in 143 records and the inclusion of 12 relevant studies. Most studies focused on healthy adult subjects (n = 6), with some examining controlled groups with atrial fibrillation (AF) (n = 3), long QT syndrome (n = 1), and sleep apnea (n = 1). The investigated bio-sensor devices included chest-worn belts (n = 2), wrist bands (n = 2), adhesive chest strips (n = 2), and wearable textile smart clothes (n = 4). The primary objective of the included studies was to evaluate device performance in terms of accuracy, signal quality, comparability, and visual assessment of ECGs. Safety findings, reported in five articles, indicated no major side effects for long-term/continuous monitoring, with only minor instances of skin irritation. Looking forward, there are ample opportunities to enhance and test these technologies across various physical activity intensities and clinical conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malleable thermosets as dynamic covalent cross‐linked polymers, simultaneously possessing the advantages of thermosets and thermoplastics, have attracted considerable attention. Although several reprocessing concepts have been demonstrated, the fabrication of fast‐curing bio‐based strong and tough malleable thermosets for advanced applications in electronics remains a great challenge. Herein, a novel construction strategy of combining hindered urea bonds (HUB) and radical polymerization is developed to prepare fast‐photocurable and mechanically robust cellulose‐based malleable bio‐thermosets (CMTs). In this strategy, the functional cellulose macromonomer simultaneously has acrylate groups and HUB is first synthesized and employed as a macro‐crosslinker to react with plant oil‐based monomer to construct the malleable bio‐thermosets with "soft (plant oil‐based polymer)" and "hard (rigid cellulose)" phase architecture through the fast photocuring. The CMTs exhibit excellent flexibility and high toughness (2.89 MJ m−3), and the introduction of dynamic HUB endows the CMTs with excellent malleability and reprocessability by heating compression molding or solvent regeneration, the recovery efficiency reached 94.7%. More impressively, the CMTs can be used as substrates to fabricate CMTs/silver composite for anti‐icing or de‐icing devices, and CMTs‐based capacitive sensors for monitoring environmental humidity or human health. This work paves a new strategy to develop new‐generation fast‐photocurable mechanically robust, malleable bio‐thermosets for multifunctional electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The challenge in energy depletion and environmental pollution urgently demands green and sustainable materials as a new material application platform. Nanocellulose (NC) derived from abundant and renewable resources has been considered as a versatile and sustainable substrate and scaffold to engage various applications. Recently, design and fabricate conductive polymers (CPs)/NC composites as functional electronic devices have received tremendous attention. In this mini review, we start with a brief introduction about the category of nanocellulose, CPs and the preparation strategy of CPs/NC conducive composites followed by discussing the factors that determine the electrical conductivity. Then, we reviewed different CPs/NC composites systems and cited representative electronic application examples including sensors, supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries. Finally, we proposed current challenges, existing problems and further perspectives and opportunities of CPs/NC conductive composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the development of research on one-dimensional self-assembly of gold nano-particles. The experimental strategies to realize 1D self-assembly of gold nanoparticles are first introduced; the applications of gold self-assembled 1D nanomaterials in colorimetric sensing, Raman enhancement, electronic devices and biomedicine are then summarized; remarks on future directions of this research topic are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exponentially increasing heat generation in electronic devices, induced by high power density and miniaturization, has become a dominant issue that affects carbon footprint, cost, performance, reliability, and lifespan. Liquid metals (LMs) with high thermal conductivity are promising candidates for effective thermal management yet are facing pump‐out and surface‐spreading issues. Confinement in the form of metallic particles can address these problems, but apparent alloying processes elevate the LM melting point, leading to severely deteriorated stability. Here, we propose a facile and sustainable approach to address these challenges by using a biogenic supramolecular network as an effective diffusion barrier at copper particle‐LM (EGaIn/Cu@TA) interfaces to achieve superior thermal conduction. The supramolecular network promotes LM stability by reducing unfavorable alloying and fluidity transition. The EGaIn/Cu@TA exhibits a record‐high metallic‐mediated thermal conductivity (66.1 W m−1 K−1) and fluidic stability. Moreover, mechanistic studies suggest the enhanced heat flow path after the incorporation of copper particles, generating heat dissipation suitable for computer central processing units, exceeding that of commercial silicone. Our results highlight the prospects of renewable macromolecules isolated from biomass for the rational design of nanointerfaces based on metallic particles and LM, paving a new and sustainable avenue for high‐performance thermal management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This research examines anthropomorphism by testing the values that people attribute to electronic devices. We ask four main questions: Do people attribute human values to devices; Do devices differ in their value profiles; What underlies the attribution of values to devices; and Do individual and social differences affect these attributions. In Study 1, participants (N = 265) attributed Schwartz's 10 basic human values to devices, reported their personal value priorities, as well as the frequency and difficulty in using each device. In Study 2, participants (N = 231) attributed values to devices, and responses were analyzed by age. Results show that people attribute human values to electronic devices, and that each device has a unique value profile. Anthropomorphizing devices reflects social consensus as to the symbolic meaning of each device, rather than projection of personal values or frequency of device use. Members of social groups share device values and differ from members of other groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: This review aims to explore the applications of digital technology in cardiovascular care across African countries. It highlights the opportunities and challenges associated with leveraging technology to enhance patient self-monitoring, remote patient-clinician interactions, telemedicine, clinician and patient education, and research facilitation. The purpose is to highlight how technology can transform cardiovascular care in Africa. Recent Findings: Recent findings indicate that the increasing penetration of mobile phones and internet connectivity in Africa offers a unique opportunity to improve cardiovascular care. Smartphone-based applications and text messaging services have been employed to promote self-monitoring and lifestyle management, although challenges related to smartphone ownership and digital literacy persist. Remote monitoring of patients by clinicians using home-based devices and wearables shows promise but requires greater accessibility and validation studies in African populations. Telemedicine diagnosis and management of cardiovascular conditions demonstrates significant potential but faces adoption challenges. Investing in targeted clinician and patient education on novel digital technology and devices as well as promoting technology-assisted research for participant recruitment and data collection can facilitate cardiovascular care advancements in Africa. Summary: Technology has the potential to revolutionize cardiovascular care in Africa by improving access, efficiency, and patient outcomes. However, barriers related to limited resources, supportive infrastructure, digital literacy, and access to devices must be addressed. Strategic actions, including investment in digital infrastructure, training programs, community collaboration, and policy advocacy, are crucial to ensuring equitable integration of digital health solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that people currently live in a digital age, and swimming is an internationally known sport, this paper aims to identify, analyze and compare several electronic devices built to monitor the performance of athletes who are involved in this type of competitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to challenging circumstances, the human body can experience marked levels of anxiety and distress. Wearable devices offer a means of real-time and ongoing data collection, facilitating personalized stress monitoring. Therefore, we collected physiological signals (blood pressure volume and electrodermal activities), using Empatica E4, from 29 subjects. A personalized protocol was developed to cause cognitive, mental, and psychological stressors since they are the ones that can be experienced in working or academic environment. We also propose a pipeline to clean and process these two signals to maximize the quality of further analysis. This study aids in the comprehension of the complex connection between stress and working situations by offering a sizable dataset made up of different physiological data. It additionally enables them to create cutting-edge stress-reduction techniques and improving professional achievement while lessening the negative impact of stress on welfare.

Abstract In the field of electronics thermal management (TM), there has already been a lot of work done to create cooling options that guarantee steady-state performance. However, electronic devices (EDs) are progressively utilized in applications that involve time-varying workloads. Therefore, the TM systems could dissipate the heat generated by EDs; however, there seemed to be a necessity for a design that would contain temperature rise within an acceptable range for limiting hot spots and managing thermal transients induced by higher-frequency operating cycles. Heat dissipation issues become more significant when miniaturization in electronics increases. More effective TM often results in enhanced reliability as well as a longer life expectancy for devices. Hence, this paper explicates the TM of EDs, the comparison of cooling methods, the comparison of convections for TM on EDs, the heat source (HS) mounted on the substrate board, and optimization techniques to optimize the size and position of HSs mounted on the substrate board. This paper also analyzes the TM technologies on different EDs from 2014 to 2023 and the comparison of the thermal conductance of EDs with two types of phase change materials (PCMs) and pin-fin heat pipes (HPs).

الملخص: أهداف البحث: كان الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو تقييم العلاقة بين وقت الشاشة الإلكتروني وقلق وسلوك الأسنان لدى الأطفال الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين ستة إلى اثني عشر عاما أثناء فحص الأسنان والوقاية وتطبيق الفلوريد الموضعي. طريقة البحث: كانت هذه دراسة مقطعية شملت 402 مريض أسنان أطفال تتراوح أعمارهم بين ستة إلى اثني عشر عاما جاءوا إلى مستشفى جامعة الملك عبد العزيز لطب الأسنان في جدة، المملكة العربية السعودية. تم جمع البيانات من سبتمبر 2020 إلى ديسمبر 2021. تم استخدام الاستبيان الذاتي لجمع البيانات من المريض وولي أمره. كانت تتألف من 8 أسئلة ديموغرافية بالإضافة إلى 13 سؤال متعدد الخيارات فيما يتعلق بوقت شاشة المرضى. تم تقييم القلق عند الأطفال باستخدام مقياس قلق أسنان الأطفال. تم تقييم سلوك الطفل باستخدام مقياس فرانكل للتقييم السلوكي. النتائج: كان معدل استجابة هذه الدراسة 100٪. من بين 402 مشاركا، وجد أن 248 (61.7٪) يعانون من القلق بينما 154 (38.3٪) لم يكونوا كذلك. من بين جميع المشاركين 274 (68.2٪) كانوا متعاونين و 128 (31.8٪) لم يكونوا متعاونين. تم العثور على علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين القلق والمشاكل السلوكية أثناء زيارة الأسنان وإجمالي ساعات تعرض المشاركين للأجهزة الإلكترونية. أظهر الأطفال الذين تعرضوا للإلكترونيات في سن عامين أو قبل ذلك مزيدا من القلق والسلوك غير المتعاون. الاستنتاجات: يمكن أن يرتبط التعرض المبكر للشاشات الإلكترونية، خاصة لأغراض الترفيه والتعرض لفترة أطول بزيادة قلق الأسنان والسلوك غير المتعاون لدى الأطفال الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين 6-12 عاما. يجب توعية الآباء حول مخاطر السماح لأطفالهم باستخدام الأجهزة الإلكترونية وتشجيعهم على استبدال هذه الأجهزة بأنشطة تتضمن نشاطا بدنيا. Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between electronic screen time and dental anxiety and behaviour among children aged six to twelve years during dental examination, prophylaxis, and topical fluoride application. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional study which included 402 paediatric dental patients aged six to twelve years who came to King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The data was collected from September 2020 to December 2021. Self-constructed questionnaire was used to collect data from the patient and his/her guardian. It was comprised of eight demographic questions as well as 13 multiple-choice questions regarding the patients' screen time. Child dental anxiety was assessed by using Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS). Assessment of child's behaviour was done by using Frankl Behavioural Rating Scale. Results: This study had a response rate of 100%. Out of the 402 participants, 248 (61.7%) were found to have anxiety while 154 (38.3%) were not. Of all participants 274 (68.2%) were cooperative and 128 (31.8%) were not. A Significant relationship between anxiety and behavioural problems during a dental visit and the participant's total exposure hours to electronic devices was found (p

Introduction. International practices show that electronic devices have a major negative impact on children's development, yet they are widely used. An essential role here belongs to the knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents, as they have a primary role in educating children. Material and methods. A quantitative study was carried out that involved surveying 422 parents of preschoolers.Results.The research found that among preschoolers, 90% use electronic devices, and 49% own their own devices. More than 50%of parents are not aware of recommendations regarding the use of gadgets. Although 92% of parents believe that the use of devices can cause health problems for children, only 29% of children follow the recommendations regarding the duration of device usage. Moreover, over 20% of parents consider devices important for the harmonious development of their children. Conclusions. The level of parents' knowledge regarding the use of gadgets by preschoolers is low, which results in a favorable attitude towards the use of devices by children, leading to their excessive use among preschoolers, without taking into account the recommendations of specialists.

Abstract Intrinsically stretchable electronics have gained extensive interest recently, due to their promising application in wearable electronics, bio‐integrated electronics, and healthcare devices. All of the components of such stretchable electronics need to be stretchable and mechanically robust to accommodate complex movements. The design and fabrication of robust intrinsically stretchable electronic materials represent a critical challenge in this emerging field. In this review, we focus on the latest studies of intrinsically stretchable electronics, covering the strategies for achieving intrinsically stretchable electronic materials, the recent progresses in the key electronic materials including intrinsically stretchable conductors, semiconductors, dielectrics, and the devices produced by them. Finally, some suggestions and prospects for the future development of intrinsically stretchable electronics are proposed.