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37 results on '"Electricite de France (EDF)"'

2. DNA metabarcoding suggests adaptive seasonal variation of individual trophic traits in a critically endangered fish

Author

Kurt Villsen, Emmanuel Corse, Emese Meglécz, Gaït Archambaud‐Suard, Hélène Vignes, Alexander V. Ereskovsky, Rémi Chappaz, Vincent Dubut, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Agence de l'Eau Rhone-Mediterranee-Corse, Conseil Regional Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, Region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'AzurRegion Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, Direction Regionale pour l'Environnement, l'Amenagement et le Logement PACA (DREAL PACA), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences de l'Environnement (Aix Marseille Universite)ED 251, and Electricite de France (EDF)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Fishes, conservation, trophic niche, Phenotype, freshwater fish, metabarcoding, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Genetics, Animals, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Seasons, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, individual trait variation
Abstract

International audience; Dietary studies are critical for understanding foraging strategies and have important applications in conservation and habitat management. We applied a robust metabarcoding protocol to characterize the diet of the critically endangered freshwater fish Zingel asper (the Rhone streber). We conducted modelling and simulation analyses to identify and characterize some of the drivers of individual trophic trait variation in this species. We found that population density and ontogeny had minor effects on the trophic niche of Z. asper. Instead, our results suggest that the majority of trophic niche variation was driven by seasonal variation in ecological opportunity. The total trophic niche width of Z. asper seasonally expanded to include a broader range of prey. Furthermore, null model simulations revealed that the increase of between-individual variation in autumn indicates that Z. asper become more opportunistic relative to summer and spring, rather than being associated with a seasonal specialization of individuals. Overall, our results suggest an adaptive variation of individual trophic traits in Z. asper: the species mainly consumes a few ephemeropteran taxa (Baetis fuscatus and Ecdyonurus) but seems to be capable of adapting its foraging strategy to maintain its body condition. This study illustrates how metabarcoding data obtained from faeces can be validated and combined with individual-based modelling and simulation approaches to explore inter- and intrapopulational individual trophic traits variation and to test hypotheses in the conventional analytic framework of trophic ecology.

Published
2022
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3. Major biomass fluctuations in lake food webs – An example in the peri-alpine Lake Annecy

Author

Marine Lemaire, Orlane Anneville, Jean Guillard, Jérémy Lobry, Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Electricite de France (EDF) Ecologie des Forets, Prairies et milieu Aquatiques (EFPA) department of the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, YOY perch, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, Predation, Abundance (ecology), 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Biomass (ecology), Perch, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aquatic ecosystem, Biomass fluctuation, Ecopath model, biology.organism_classification, Food web, Lake Annecy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Trophic interactions
Abstract

International audience; In aquatic ecosystems, young of the year (YOY) fish often exhibit strong interannual fluctuations. Because these fish prey on zooplankton and are preyed upon by piscivorous fish, strong fluctuations in their abundance may have important impacts on food web functioning. The static Ecopath model was used to assess potential impacts of strong fluctuations in YOY perch in the deep peri-alpine Lake Annecy. We modeled two contrasting years in terms of YOY perch biomass: a situation with a high biomass of YOY perch and a situation with a low biomass of YOY perch. Additionally, five models were derived from the two initial models to better explore the effects of YOY perch biomass fluctuations on food web functioning. Disparities were revealed in terms of the activity of the system (volume of flows) and the trophic transfer efficiency. When the YOY perch biomass was high, the volume of flows within the system was less important, but the trophic transfers were more efficient than when the biomass was low. The high biomass of YOY perch appeared to facilitate transfers from low to high trophic levels. The results indicated that strong variabilities in the abundance of YOY fish had little impact on the main food web flows and pathways because of the capacity of predators to feed on various prey (omnivory) but could induce significant differences in food web properties (e.g. ascendancy, robustness) and organization (e.g. cycling, mean trophic level). (C) 2020 International Association for Great Lakes Research.

Published
2020
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6. An innovative bivariate approach to detect joint temporal trends in environmental conditions: Application to large French rivers and diadromous fish

Author

Eric Sauquet, Bertrand Villeneuve, Stéphane Tétard, Hilaire Drouineau, Elorri Arevalo, Géraldine Lassalle, Patrick Lambert, Alexis Paumier, Anthony Maire, Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire National d’Hydraulique et Environnement (EDF R&D LNHE), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Riverly (Riverly), and HYNES program (IRSTEA - EDF RD) -Electricite de France (EDF)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Context (language use), Bivariate analysis, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Upstream and downstream (DNA), Trend analysis, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Rivers, Diadromous species, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Humans, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Waste Management and Disposal, Global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Fish migration, Discharge, Fishes, Pollution, Multivariate analysis, 13. Climate action, Water temperature, Environmental science, Physical geography, Seasons, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; Most key life-events of organisms are synchronized by complex interactions of several environmental cues to ensure optimal survival and growth of individuals and their offspring. However, global change is known to affect multiple components of ecosystems and cues at the same time. Therefore, detecting joint trends in covariate time series is a crucial challenge in global change ecology that has rarely been addressed so far. In this context, we designed an innovative combination of kernel density estimations and Mann-Kendall trend tests to detect joint temporal trends in a pair of environmental variables. This methodological framework was tested on >30 years (1976–2019) of water temperature and discharge data for 6 large French rivers (the Garonne, Dordogne, Rhône, Rhine, Loire and Vienne rivers). The implications of such trends in both temperature and discharge for diadromous species key life-cycle processes were then explored by checking if significant bivariate environmental changes occurred during seasons of upstream and downstream migration, and reproductive activities. Results were contrasted between rivers and seasons: many rivers displayed an increase in the number of days with high water temperature and low river discharge, but local discharge regulation measures could have mitigated the trend in discharge. Our findings showed that species migrating or spawning in spring were likely to be strongly impacted by the new environmental conditions in the Garonne, Loire and Rhône rivers, given the marked changes in water temperature and discharge associations detected by our new method. Conditions experienced by fall-running and spawning species have been strongly affected in all the rivers studied. This innovative methodology was implemented in a new R package, ChocR, for application to other environments and ecosystems.

Published
2021
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11. Safe Hydrogen Generation by Nuclear HTR

Author

Hemmerich, Philippe [Electricite de France (EDF) /Branche Energies - Division Ingenierie Nucleaire, Basic Design Department - SEPTEN (France)]

Published
2004

16. Detection of Stage‐Discharge Rating Shifts Using Gaugings: A Recursive Segmentation Procedure Accounting for Observational and Model Uncertainties

Author

Benjamin Renard, Michel Lang, M. Darienzo, J. Le Coz, Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), INRAE, Electricite de France (EDF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and French National Hydrological Services (SCHAPI)

Subjects
stage-discharge rating curve, Bayesian probability, 0207 environmental engineering, Bayesian analysis, Accounting, 02 engineering and technology, Rating curve, 01 natural sciences, Set (abstract data type), 010104 statistics & probability, change point detection, gauging, Segmentation, 0101 mathematics, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 020701 environmental engineering, Water Science and Technology, Mathematics, Bayes estimator, Series (mathematics), business.industry, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, uncertainity, 13. Climate action, Stage (hydrology), business, rating shifts, Change detection
Abstract

International audience; The stage-discharge rating curve is subject at many hydrometric stations to sudden changes (shifts) typically caused by morphogenic floods. We propose an original method for estimating shift times using the stage-discharge observations, also known as gaugings. This method is based on a recursive segmentation procedure that accounts for both gaugings and rating curve uncertainties through a Bayesian framework. It starts with the estimation of a baseline rating curve using all available gaugings. Then it computes the residuals between the gaugings and this rating curve with uncertainties. It proceeds with the segmentation of the time series of residuals through a multi-change point Bayesian estimation accounting for residuals uncertainties. Once the first set of shift times is identified, the same procedure is recursively applied to each sub-period through a “top-down” approach searching for all effective shifts. The proposed method is illustrated using the Ardèche River at Meyras in France (a typical hydrometric site subject to river bed degradation) and evaluated using several synthetic data sets for which the true shift times are known. The applications confirm the added value of the recursive segmentation compared with a “single-pass” approach and highlight the importance of properly accounting for uncertainties in the segmented data. The recursive procedure effectively disentangles rating changes from observational and rating curve uncertainties.; La relation hauteur-débit est sujette, pour de nombreuses stations hydrométriques, à des détarages brusques généralement causés par des crues morphogènes. Nous proposons une méthode originale pour estimer les dates de détarage à partir des données de jaugeage. Cette méthode est basée sur une procédure de segmentation récursive bayésienne, qui tient compte des incertitudes liées aux jaugeages et aux courbes de tarage. Elle commence par l'estimation d'une courbe de tarage de base en utilisant tous les jaugeages disponibles. Ensuite, on calcule les résidus entre les jaugeages et cette courbe de tarage avec incertitudes. La segmentation de la série temporelle des résidus est réalisée par une estimation bayésienne des dates de changement, en tenant compte des incertitudes des résidus. Une fois que la première série de détarages est identifiée, la même procédure est appliquée de manière récursive à chaque sous-période par une approche descendante en recherchant tous les détarages effectifs. La méthode proposée est illustrée pour la rivière Ardèche à Meyras en France, site hydrométrique sujet aux changements morphologiques du lit de la rivière. Elle est ensuite évaluée en utilisant plusieurs jeux de données synthétiques pour lesquels les dates de détarages sont connues. Les applications confirment la valeur ajoutée de la segmentation récursive par rapport à une approche "simple sans itération" et soulignent l'importance de bien prendre en compte les incertitudes dans les données segmentées. La procédure récursive permet de trouver efficacement les dates de détarage, en exploitant les incertitudes liées aux jaugeages et au calage de la courbe de tarage.

Published
2021
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17. Temporal trends of legacy and novel brominated flame retardants in sediments along the Rhône River corridor in France

Author

Hugo Lepage, Frédérique Eyrolle, Thierry Winiarski, Amandine Morereau, Anaïs Vénisseau, Brice Mourier, Sophia Vauclin, André-Marie Dendievel, Philippe Marchand, Équipe 5 - Impact des Aménagements et des Polluants sur les HYdrosystèmes (IAPHY), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), and European CommissionAgence de l'eau RMCConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Electricite de France (EDF)Appeared in source as:EDFAuvergne-Rhone-AlpesRegion Provence-Alpes-Cote d'AzurOccitanie

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Brominated flame retardants, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Rhone River, Rivers, Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers, Environmental Chemistry, River corridor, Sediment core, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Flame Retardants, Pollutant, Hexabromocyclododecane, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Sediment, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Contamination, Pollution, 6. Clean water, 020801 environmental engineering, Hydrocarbons, Brominated, Contamination trend, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Polybrominated Biphenyls, France, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are anthropogenic compounds that are ubiquitous in most manufactured goods. Few legacy BFRs have been recognised as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and have been prohibited since the 2000s. However, most BFRs continue to be used despite growing concerns regarding their toxicity; they are often referred to as novel BFRs (nBFRs). While environmental contamination due to chlorinated POPs has been extensively investigated, the levels and spatiotemporal trends of BFRs are comparatively understudied. This study aims to reconstruct the temporal trends of both legacy and novel BFRs at the scale of a river corridor. To this end, sediment cores were sampled from backwater areas in four reaches along the Rhône River. Age-depth models were established for each of them. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), legacy BFRs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers - PBDEs, polybrominated biphenyls - PBBs and hexabromocyclododecane - HBCDDs) and seven nBFRs were quantified. Starting from the 1970s, a decreasing contamination trend was observed for PCBs. Temporal trends for legacy BFRs revealed that they reached peak concentrations from the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s, and stable concentrations by the mid-2010s. Additionally, individual concentrations of nBFRs were two to four orders of magnitude lower than those of legacy BFRs. Their temporal trends revealed that they appeared in the environment in the 1970s and 1980s. The concentrations of most of these nBFRs have not decreased in recent years. Thus, there is a need to comprehend the sources, contamination load, repartition in the environment, and toxicity of nBFRs before their concentrations reach hazardous levels.

Published
2020
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18. Investigating population‐scale allelic differential expression in wild populations of Oithona similis (Cyclopoida, Claus, 1866)

Author

Laso‐jadart, Romuald, Sugier, Kevin, Petit, Emmanuelle, Labadie, Karine, Peterlongo, Pierre, Ambroise, Christophe, Wincker, Patrick, Jamet, Jean-Louis, Madoui, Mohammed‐amin, Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Global Oceans Systems Ecology & Evolution - Tara Oceans (GOSEE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay)-European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)-École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Université australe du Chili, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Modélisation d'Evry (LaMME), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-ENSIIE-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) European Molecular Biology Laboratory Genoscope/Commissariat a l'Energie AtomiqueVeolia Environment Foundation Region Bretagne World CourierIllumina Cap L'Orient Electricite de France (EDF) Foundation EDF Diversiterre Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversite Prince Albert II de Monaco Foundation Etienne Bourgois Tara schooner, ANR-11-BTBR-0008,OCEANOMICS,Biotechnologies et bioressources pour la valorisation des écosystèmes marins planctoniques(2011), ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Tara Oceans-GOSEE (FR2022), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique)

Subjects
metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, copepod, lcsh:QH540-549.5, allelic expression, selection, lcsh:Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Arctic seas, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Acclimation allowed by variation in gene or allele expression in natural populations is increasingly understood as a decisive mechanism, as much as adaptation, for species evolution. However, for small eukaryotic organisms, as species from zooplankton, classical methods face numerous challenges. Here, we propose the concept of allelic differential expression at the population‐scale (psADE) to investigate the variation in allele expression in natural populations. We developed a novel approach to detect psADE based on metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data from environmental samples. This approach was applied on the widespread marine copepod, Oithona similis, by combining samples collected during the Tara Oceans expedition (2009–2013) and de novo transcriptome assemblies. Among a total of 25,768 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) of O. similis, 572 (2.2%) were affected by psADE in at least one population (FDR

Published
2020
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19. Comparison of ground‐based and UAV a‐UHF artificial tracer mobility monitoring methods on a braided river

Author

Kristell Michel, L. Bultingaire, Hervé Piégay, Mathieu Cassel, F. Perret, Jérôme Lejot, G. Fantino, Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), GEOPEKA LYON FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Electricite de France (EDF), ANR-17-EURE-0018,H2O'LYON,School of Integrated Watershed Sciences(2017), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), and Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)

Subjects
gravel-bed river, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, UAV, Geography, Planning and Development, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Survey methodology, Recovery rate, TRACER, pebble tracking, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Range (statistics), Radio-frequency identification, Wireless, Monitoring methods, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Remote sensing, business.industry, tracer survey efficiency score, bedload tracers, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 6. Clean water, Ultra high frequency, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, business
Abstract

International audience; Radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies, which allow wireless detection of individual buried or immersed tracers, represent a step forward in sediment tracking, especially passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) that have been widely used. Despite their widespread adoption in the scientific community, they typically have low efficiency when deployed in river systems with active bedload transport or deep wet channels, attributed to their technical specifications. A recent evaluation of active ultra‐high frequency transponders (a‐UHF tags) assessed their larger detection range and provided a methodology for their geopositioning.In this study, we test five different survey methods (one including an unmanned aerial vehicle [UAV]) in a sediment tracking study, and compare them in terms of recovery rate, field effort, geopositioning error, and efficiency. We then tested the method on a larger reach following a Q5 flood and performed cross‐comparisons between active and passive RFIDs. The results confirmed that the a‐UHF RFID technology allowed rapid (1.5 h ha−1) survey of a large area (

Published
2020
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20. Animal daily mobility patterns analysis using resting event networks

Author

Lenormand, Maxime, Pella, Herv��, Capra, Herv��, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agence de l'Eau Rhone-Mediterranee-Corse, Electricite de France (EDF), European Union/FEDER, Region Nouvelle-Aquitaine, and ANR-17-CE03-0003,NetCost,Une approche réseau pour mesurer l'impact du changement(2017)

Subjects
fish, Physics - Physics and Society, behavior, lcsh:T57-57.97, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Animal movements, conservation, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph), Event networks, Fish behavior, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, movement patterns, remote sensing, FOS: Biological sciences, lcsh:Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods, Acoustic telemetry, animal, Spatio-temporal trajectories, Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
Abstract

Characterizing the movement patterns of animals is crucial to improve our understanding of their behavior and thus develop adequate conservation strategies. Such investigations, which could not have been implemented in practice only a few years ago, have been facilitated through the recent advances in tracking methods that enable researchers to study animal movement at an unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. However, the identification and extraction of patterns from spatio-temporal trajectories is still a general problem that has relevance for many applications. Here, we rely on the concept of resting event networks to identify the presence of daily mobility patterns in animal spatio-temporal trajectories. We illustrate our approach by analyzing spatio-temporal trajectories of several fish species in a large hydropeaking river., 10 pages, 6 figures + Appendix

Published
2019
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21. System contributions of residential battery systems: New perspectives on PV self-consumption

Author

Hyun Jin Julie Yu, Institut Technico-Economie (TECH ECO (ex-ITESE)), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine (LEDa), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Electricite de France (EDF), and Chaire European Electricity Markets (CEEM) of the Universite Paris-Dauphine under the aegis of the Foundation Paris-Dauphine - RTE

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, business.industry, 020209 energy, 05 social sciences, Photovoltaic system, 02 engineering and technology, Environmental economics, Energy policy, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Electric power system, Load management, General Energy, Peaking power plant, 0502 economics and business, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, System integration, Electricity, 050207 economics, business, Solar power
Abstract

International audience; France aims to boost the share of solar power generation in its electricity mix by 2030. When PV selfconsumption systems become economically competitive, end-users will be willing to switch to PV selfconsumption instead of using power from the grid. However, high penetration of distributed solar PV provokes a significant impact on the stability of electricity. The major systemic issues concern seasonal back-up power system associated with variable PV integration. Policymakers thus need to work on systemic solutions (e.g. load management, peak shaving) to support the large-scale integration of variable solar power. In this regards, this study aims to propose an innovative load management model based on the secondary application of residential batteries already installed for PV self-consumption. We performed a prospective economic analysis to identify potential system contribution of French residential PV-battery systems in 2030. The aim is to reduce systemic impact of distributed solar PV system integration thanks to collective use of distributed residential batteries for load management when they are not in use in winter. A sensitivity analysis has been conducted based on different projections of residential PV self-consumption in 2030 (RTE, Enedis). Our study then concludes with key messages and policy recommendations.

Published
2021
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22. The response matrix acceleration: A new non-linear method for the 3D discrete-ordinate transport equation

Author

François Févotte, Emiliano Masiello, Bruno Lathuilière, Wesley Ford, Christophe Calvin, CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service d’Études des Réacteurs et de Mathématiques Appliquées (SERMA), Département de Modélisation des Systèmes et Structures (DM2S), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, EDF (EDF), and This work has been jointly funded by Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique (CEA) and Electricite de France (EDF).

Subjects
CMFD, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Computer science, Spectral radius, non-linear acceleration, 020209 energy, Finite difference method, 02 engineering and technology, Solver, stability analysis, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nonlinear system, Matrix (mathematics), Operator (computer programming), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, 0103 physical sciences, Convergence (routing), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Applied mathematics, Spectral radius analysis, Convection–diffusion equation, Discrete-ordinates transport equation
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we propose a new non-linear technique for accelerating the solution of the discrete ordinates transport equation. The new method, called Response Matrix Acceleration (RMA), has been designed to complement the Coarse-Mesh Finite Difference method (CMFD) by offering better stability and improved performance in cases where CMFD fails. To accomplish this, RMA uses knowledge of the transport operator along with nonlinear coefficients and solves for the interface partial currents to maintain consistency with the transport operator. Two distinct variants of RMA are derived. The convergence properties of both variants of RMA applied the source iteration schemes are investigated for the one-group transport operator. Analysis of the results indicates that both variants of RMA have improved effectiveness and stability relative to CMFD, for optically diffusive materials. To achieve optimal numerical performance, a combination of RMA and CMFD is suggested. Improvements in the performance of RMA are expected with ongoing development and optimization. Further investigation into the use of RMA for accelerating outer iterations, parallel problems, and different transport operators is proposed. The results of a spectral radius analysis are presented, along with a strong scaling benchmark using the 3D C5G7 MOX problems. Furthermore, two real-scale problems, the wholecore EOLE reactor simulation and a PWR assembly simulation, are studied to assess the performances of the new method in a parallel computing framework using the constant and linear short characteristics of the IDT solver in APOLLO3

Published
2020
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23. A minimalist macroparasite diversity in the round goby of the Upper Rhine reduced to an exotic acanthocephalan lineage

Author

Jean-Nicolas Beisel, Olivier Schlumberger, Gwendoline M David, Marie-Jeanne Perrot-Minnot, Cybill Staentzel, Laurent Hardion, Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Electricite de France (EDF)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Neogobius, Range (biology), Lineage (evolution), Zoology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Nucleotide diversity, Acanthocephala, Pomphorhynchus laevis, invasive species, Electron Transport Complex IV, Neogobius melanostomus, Rhine–Main–Danube corridor, Rivers, Animals, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 14. Life underwater, Europe, Eastern, Phylogeny, Genetic diversity, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Genetic Variation, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, Perciformes, Infectious Diseases, Haplotypes, Round goby, Macroparasite, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, France, Helminthiasis, Animal, Introduced Species, Exotic parasite
Abstract

The round goby, Neogobius melanostomus, is a Ponto-Caspian fish considered as an invasive species in a wide range of aquatic ecosystems. To understand the role that parasites may play in its successful invasion across Western Europe, we investigated the parasitic diversity of the round goby along its invasion corridor, from the Danube to the Upper Rhine rivers, using data from literature and a molecular barcoding approach, respectively. Among 1666 parasites extracted from 179 gobies of the Upper Rhine, all of the 248 parasites barcoded on the c oxidase subunit I gene were identified as Pomphorhynchus laevis. This lack of macroparasite diversity was interpreted as a loss of parasites along its invasion corridor without spillback compensation. The genetic diversity of P. laevis was represented by 33 haplotypes corresponding to a haplotype diversity of 0·65 ± 0·032, but a weak nucleotide diversity of 0·0018 ± 0·00015. Eight of these haplotypes were found in 88·4% of the 248 parasites. These haplotypes belong to a single lineage so far restricted to the Danube, Vistula and Volga rivers (Eastern Europe). This result underlines the exotic status of this Ponto-Caspian lineage in the Upper Rhine, putatively disseminated by the round goby along its invasion corridor.

Published
2018
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25. Interfacial layers at a nanometre scale on iron corroded in carbonated anoxic environments

Author

Delphine Neff, James J. Dynes, Yoanna Leon, Eddy Foy, Michel L. Schlegel, Philippe Dillmann, Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), IRAMAT - Laboratoire Métallurgies et Cultures (IRAMAT - LMC), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Service d'études analytiques et de réactivité des surfaces (SEARS), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), This work was partly funded by the Groupement de Laboratoires 'Verre-Fer-Argile' at French National Agency for theManagement of Radioactivity and supported by the CEA and Electricite de France (EDF)., Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux ( IRAMAT ), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard ( UTBM ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération ( LAPA - UMR 3685 ), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) ( NIMBE UMR 3685 ), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service d'études analytiques et de réactivité des surfaces ( SEARS ), Département de Physico-Chimie ( DPC ), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] ( U of S ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, 020209 energy, General Chemical Engineering, Metallurgy, Oxide, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Corrosion, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Transition metal, chemistry, visual_art, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Slurry, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Nanometre, 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics), Waste disposal
Abstract

International audience; Two tests of iron corrosion in compacted clay and clay slurry were performed for several years. The corrosion systems, and especially the interfacial layer between the metal and the corrosion products, were investigated post mortem by SEM-FEG, mRaman, MET and STXM. An Fe(III) oxide layer systematically developed at a nanometer scale between the metal and an outer layer of carbonates. Its presence could explain the slowing down of the corrosion rate usually observed for these systems. Depending of the compactness of the environment the nature of the interfacial layer is not the same.

Published
2017
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26. Insights into global diatom distribution and diversity in the world's ocean

Author

Daniele Iudicone, Stéphane Audic, Colomban de Vargas, Patrick Wincker, Flora Vincent, Chris Bowler, Shruti Malviya, Julie Poulain, Alaguraj Veluchamy, Eleonora Scalco, Adriana Zingone, Lucie Bittner, Analyse des Données à Haut Débit en Génomique (ADHDG), Evolution Paris Seine, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Ministero dell'Istruzione dell'Universit a e della Ricerca RITMARE project, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Agnes b., Veolia Environment Foundation, Region Bretagne, World Courier, Illumina, Cap L'Orient, Electricite de France (EDF) Foundation EDF Diversiterre, Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversite, Prince Albert II de Monaco Foundation, Etienne Bourgois, Groupement de Recherche [GDR3280], Tara schooner, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genoscope/Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, French Government ``Investissements d'Avenir' [ANR-11-BTBR-0008, ANR-10-INBS-09-08, ANR-10-LABX-54], Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSLstar) Research University [ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02], Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-10-INBS-09-08, ANR-09-BLAN-0348, ANR-09-GENM-031, ANR-2010-1709-01], European Union [287589], European Research Council [294823], Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Aquatic Organisms, Databases, Factual, Range (biology), Oceans and Seas, Biodiversity, Tara Oceans, DNA, Ribosomal, 01 natural sciences, diatoms, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Phytoplankton, Photic zone, 14. Life underwater, Ecosystem, biodiversity, Microscopy, Multidisciplinary, biology, choke points, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ocean current, Reproducibility of Results, Chaetoceros, Plankton, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Oceanography, Diatom, PNAS Plus, metabarcoding
Abstract

International audience; Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) constitute one of the most diverse and ecologically important groups of phytoplankton. They are considered to be particularly important in nutrient-rich coastal ecosystems and at high latitudes, but considerably less so in the oligotrophic open ocean. The Tara Oceans circumnavigation collected samples from a wide range of oceanic regions using a standardized sampling procedure. Here, a total of similar to 12 million diatom V9-18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) ribotypes, derived from 293 size-fractionated plankton communities collected at 46 sampling sites across the global ocean euphotic zone, have been analyzed to explore diatom global diversity and community composition. We provide a new estimate of diversity of marine planktonic diatoms at 4,748 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Based on the total assigned ribotypes, Chaetoceros was the most abundant and diverse genus, followed by Fragilariopsis, Thalassiosira, and Corethron. We found only a few cosmopolitan ribotypes displaying an even distribution across stations and high abundance, many of which could not be assigned with confidence to any known genus. Three distinct communities from South Pacific, Mediterranean, and Southern Ocean waters were identified that share a substantial percentage of ribotypes within them. Sudden drops in diversity were observed at Cape Agulhas, which separates the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, and across the Drake Passage between the Atlantic and Southern Oceans, indicating the importance of these ocean circulation choke points in constraining diatom distribution and diversity. We also observed high diatom diversity in the open ocean, suggesting that diatoms may be more relevant in these oceanic systems than generally considered.

Published
2016
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27. A new phenomenological criterion for pellet–cladding interaction rupture

Author

J. Sercombe, G. Thouvenin, B. Michel, CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and The present study was supported by the Pellet–CladdingInteraction program co-sponsored between the French Atomic Energy Commission CEA, the Electricite de France EDF and ´the AREVA-NP.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, Work (thermodynamics), business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Structural engineering, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Cladding (fiber optics), Rod, Shear (sheet metal), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Fracture (geology), Cylinder stress, General Materials Science, Transient (oscillation), Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, business, Waste Management and Disposal, Stress concentration
Abstract

International audience; This study is concerned with structural integrity assessment of Pressure Water Reactor's (PWR) fuel rods under pellet-cladding interaction (PCI) loading condition. An important experimental and research cooperative program between EDF, AREVA-NP and the Atomic Energy Commission CEA is achieved in order to get a better understanding of the mechanisms possibly leading to PCI failure, as well as to qualify a PCI resistant rod design. The objectives of this work are: first, to improve the understanding of the pellet mechanical properties impact on cladding local loading with 3D simulations results, and second, to propose a new phenomenological rupture criterion for a better assessment of the failure risk. In this study fuel behaviour modelling under nominal and transient loading conditions is achieved with a multi-dimensional simulation tool called ALCYONE, included in the new fuel software PLEIADES currently co-developed by the CEA and EDF. Cladding loading due to mechanical interaction during power transient stage is first analysed through pellet-cladding interfacial stresses computed in the 3D simulation. Then, a 2D model is proposed in order to establish a correlation between interfacial loading and stress concentration in the cladding. In order to assess the failure risk under PCI a phenomenological criterion based on the membrane circumferential stress in the cladding and shear stresses at pellet-cladding interface is proposed. To compute the shear loading at pellet-cladding interface a new parameter (called $W_{r \theta}$) is introduced. Based on 3D calculations of PCI, it is shown in this paper that pellet fracture properties can have a significant effect on PCI loading.

Published
2008
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28. A new phosphorylated form of Ku70 identified in resistant leukemic cells confers fast but unfaithful DNA repair in cancer cell lines

Author

Bouley, Julien, Saad, Lina, Grall, Romain, Schellenbauer, Amelie, Biard, Denis, Paget, Vincent, Morel-Altmeyer, Sandrine, Guipaud, Olivier, Chambon, Christophe, Salles, Bernard, Maloum, Karim, Merle-Béral, Hélène, Chevillard, Sylvie, Delic, Jozo, LABORATOIRE DE CANCÉROLOGIE EXPÉRIMENTALE (LCE), Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives [Fontenay-aux-Roses] (CEA DSV), Stallergenes, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service de RadioBiologie et d'Epidémiologie (IRSN/DRPH/SRBE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Qualité des Produits Animaux (QuaPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Societe Francaise d'Hematologie, Societe Francaise du Cancer, Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC), Electricite de France (EDF), Fondation de France, Laboratoire de Radiopathologie et Thérapies Expérimentales, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)

Subjects
gamma-H2AX/ATM/DNA-PKcs, DNA End-Joining Repair, DNA Repair, phospho-Ku70, Blotting, Western, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Transfection, Mass Spectrometry, Cell Line, Tumor, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Humans, Immunoprecipitation, Protein Isoforms, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Phosphorylation, RNA, Small Interfering, Ku Autoantigen, Antigens, Nuclear, Flow Cytometry, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell, DNA-Binding Proteins, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, DNA repair kinetic, c-NHEJ, Comet Assay, CLL, Research Paper
Abstract

International audience; Ku70-dependent canonical nonhomologous end-joining (c-NHEJ) DNA repair system is fundamental to the genome maintenance and B-cell lineage. c-NHEJ is upregulated and error-prone in incurable forms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia which also displays telomere dysfunction, multiple chromosomal aberrations and the resistance to DNA damage-induced apoptosis. We identify in these cells a novel DNA damage inducible form of phospho-Ku70. In vitro in different cancer cell lines, Ku70 phosphorylation occurs in a heterodimer Ku70/Ku80 complex within minutes of genotoxic stress, necessitating its interaction with DNA damage-induced kinase pS2056-DNA-PKcs and/or pS1981-ATM. The mutagenic effects of phospho-Ku70 are documented by a defective S/G2 checkpoint, accelerated disappearance of gamma-H2AX foci and kinetics of DNA repair resulting in an increased level of genotoxic stress-induced chromosomal aberrations. Together, these data unveil an involvement of phospho-Ku70 in fast but inaccurate DNA repair; a new paradigm linked to both the deregulation of c-NHEJ and the resistance of malignant cells.

Published
2015
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29. Dramatic changes in a phytoplankton community in response to local and global pressures: a 24-year survey of the river Loire (France)

Author

S. Larroudé, P. Reyes-Marchant, C. Delattre, Jean-François Humbert, Nicolas Massei, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Asconit Consultants, EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Electricite de France (EDF), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, phosphorus decrease, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, phytoplankton community, 01 natural sciences, cyanobacteria, LARGE EUTROPHIC RIVER, Abundance (ecology), Biomass, Temporal scales, skin and connective tissue diseases, General Environmental Science, Trophic level, Global and Planetary Change, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, Local scale, Phosphorus, NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION, TOXIC CYANOBACTERIUM, Biota, 6. Clean water, Oceanography, LAKE PHYTOPLANKTON, France, Seasons, Climate Change, Climate change, HARMFUL CYANOBACTERIA, BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE, MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA, herbicides, Rivers, Phytoplankton, Environmental Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Discharge, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, MIDDLE LOIRE, FRESH-WATER CYANOBACTERIA, 13. Climate action, NAO, Environmental science, Species richness, sense organs, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, large river
Abstract

International audience; The impact of climate change and of other anthropogenic pressures on the structure and composition of phytoplankton communities of large European rivers remains poorly documented. Here we report the findings of a study of the changes in the phytoplankton community of the middle segment of the river Loire over the past 24 years. An attempt is made to distinguish between the impact of changes acting at the local scale and that of those acting more globally. A dramatic reduction in phytoplankton abundance was observed, particularly in the mid -1990s; this was concomitant with an increase in the relative proportion of cyanobacteria. At the same time, the phytoplankton community displayed increasing richness and diversity, and little change in its size structure. All these changes seem to be related to local changes, in particular to the reduction in phosphorus concentrations, as well as to changes in climate, throughout modifications in the river discharge and water temperature. Interestingly, herbicide contamination also appeared to be of particular importance in explaining the unexpected increase in the proportion of cyanobacteria in the phytoplankton community after the 1990s. These findings suggest that combinations of numerous anthropogenic pressures acting at different spatial and temporal scales have led to a mix of predictable and unpredictable changes occurring in the phytoplankton community of the river Loire, with probable consequences for the trophic networks in this river.

Published
2013
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30. Americium, curium and neodymium analysis in ECRIX-H irradiated pellet: sample preparation for TIMS measurements

Author

J.M. Bonnerot, Eric Esbelin, Emilie Buravand, S. Béjaoui, J. Lamontagne, CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Modélisation Multi-échelles des Combustibles (LM2C), Service d'Etudes de Simulation du Comportement du combustibles (SESC), Département d'Etudes des Combustibles (DEC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Département d'Etudes des Combustibles (DEC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Electricite de France (EDF)

Subjects
Curium, Isotopic dilution, Analytical chemistry, Pellets, chemistry.chemical_element, Americium, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Neodymium, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Pellet, Sample preparation, Irradiation, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Ion-exchange resin, Chromatography, 010401 analytical chemistry, Radiochemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, HPLC, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

This paper concerns quantitative isotopic analysis of Am, Cm and Nd contained in an irradiated AmO1.62/MgO pellet. The complete analysis protocol is described, from dissolution of the pellets in a shielded line to the laboratory glove separation processes box for TIMS analysis. Emphasis is placed on the separation processes: by ion exchange resin in a hot cell and by HPLC in the laboratory. Intermediate measurements by X-ray fluorescence, alpha spectrometry, and ICP-AES are described.

Published
2013
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33. The Metabolomic Approach Identifies a Biological Signature of Low-dose Chronic Exposure to Cesium 137

Author

Jean-Charles Martin, Stéphane Grison, Catherine Defoort, Line Grandcolas, Isabelle Dublineau, Patrick Gourmelon, Gaëlle Favé, Romain Bott, Maâmar Souidi, Nathalie Banzet, Elie Tourlonias, Eric Blanchardon, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Nutrition, obésité et risque thrombotique (NORT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire (IRSN), Electricite de France (EDF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
Male, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Metabolite, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Physiology, CHILDREN, Urine, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Tissue Distribution, Cesium 137, Chronic ingestion, biomarker, Metabolomics, Low-doses, CHRONIC CONTAMINATION, CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT, CHOLESTEROL-METABOLISM, CHRONIC INGESTION, RADIATION, RATS, (137)CESIUM, MICE, RADIONUCLIDE, 0303 health sciences, Contamination, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Radiation Injuries, Experimental, Dose–response relationship, Cesium Radioisotopes, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Environmental chemistry, Biomarker (medicine), Female, Analysis of variance, Water Pollutants, Radioactive, Urinary system, Biology, Models, Biological, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, 030304 developmental biology, Drinking Water, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Blood Cell Count, Chernobyl Nuclear Accident, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Biomarkers
Abstract

International audience; Reports have described apparent biological effects of Cs-137 (the most persistent dispersed radionuclide) irradiation in people living in Chernobyl-contaminated territory. The sensitive analytical technology described here should now help assess the relation of this contamination to the observed effects. A rat model chronically exposed to Cs-137 through drinking water was developed to identify biomarkers of radiation-induced metabolic disorders, and the biological impact was evaluated by a metabolomic approach that allowed us to detect several hundred metabolites in biofluids and assess their association with disease states. After collection of plasma and urine from contaminated and non-contaminated rats at the end of the 9-months contamination period, analysis with a LC-MS system detected 742 features in urine and 1309 in plasma. Biostatistical discriminant analysis extracted a subset of 26 metabolite signals (2 urinary, 4 plasma non-polar, and 19 plasma polar metabolites) that in combination were able to predict from 68 up to 94% of the contaminated rats, depending on the prediction method used, with a misclassification rate as low as 5.3%. The difference in this metabolic score between the contaminated and non-contaminated rats was highly significant (P = 0.019 after ANOVA cross-validation). In conclusion, our proof-of-principle study demonstrated for the first time the usefulness of a metabolomic approach for addressing biological effects of chronic low-dose contamination. We can conclude that a metabolomic signature discriminated Cs-137-contaminated from control animals in our model. Further validation is nevertheless required together with full annotation of the metabolic indicators.

Published
2012
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34. Aliasing Signal Separation of Superimposed Abrasive Debris Based on Degenerate Unmixing Estimation Technique.

Author

Li T, Wang S, Zio E, Shi J, and Hong W

Abstract

Leakage is the most important failure mode in aircraft hydraulic systems caused by wear and tear between friction pairs of components. The accurate detection of abrasive debris can reveal the wear condition and predict a system's lifespan. The radial magnetic field (RMF)-based debris detection method provides an online solution for monitoring the wear condition intuitively, which potentially enables a more accurate diagnosis and prognosis on the aviation hydraulic system's ongoing failures. To address the serious mixing of pipe abrasive debris, this paper focuses on the superimposed abrasive debris separation of an RMF abrasive sensor based on the degenerate unmixing estimation technique. Through accurately separating and calculating the morphology and amount of the abrasive debris, the RMF-based abrasive sensor can provide the system with wear trend and sizes estimation of the wear particles. A well-designed experiment was conducted and the result shows that the proposed method can effectively separate the mixed debris and give an accurate count of the debris based on RMF abrasive sensor detection., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Published
2018
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35. A General Framework for the Assessment of Power System Vulnerability to Malicious Attacks.

Author

Piccinelli R, Sansavini G, Lucchetti R, and Zio E

Abstract

The protection and safe operations of power systems heavily rely on the identification of the causes of damage and service disruption. This article presents a general framework for the assessment of power system vulnerability to malicious attacks. The concept of susceptibility to an attack is employed to quantitatively evaluate the degree of exposure of the system and its components to intentional offensive actions. A scenario with two agents having opposing objectives is proposed, i.e., a defender having multiple alternatives of protection strategies for system elements, and an attacker having multiple alternatives of attack strategies against different combinations of system elements. The defender aims to minimize the system susceptibility to the attack, subject to budget constraints; on the other hand, the attacker aims to maximize the susceptibility. The problem is defined as a zero-sum game between the defender and the attacker. The assumption that the interests of the attacker and the defender are opposite makes it irrelevant whether or not the defender shows the strategy he/she will use. Thus, the approaches "leader-follower game" or "simultaneous game" do not provide differences as far as the results are concerned. The results show an example of such a situation, and the von Neumann theorem is applied to find the (mixed) equilibrium strategies of the attacker and of the defender., (© 2017 Society for Risk Analysis.)

Published
2017
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36. Theoretical investigation of the uranyl ion sorption on the rutile TiO2(110) face.

Author

Perron H, Roques J, Domain C, Drot R, Simoni E, and Catalette H

Abstract

Canister integrity and radionuclide retention is of first importance for assessing the long-term safety of nuclear waste stored in engineered geologic depositories. Uranyl ion sorption on the TiO(2) rutile (110) face is investigated using periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. From experimental observations, only two uranyl surface complexes are observed and characterized. When the pH increases (from 1.5 to 4.5), the relative ratios of these two surface complexes are modified. From a crystallographic point of view, three sorption sites can be considered and have been studied with different protonation states of the surface to account for very acidic and low acidic conditions. The two surface complexes experimentally observed were calculated as the most stable ones, while the evolution of their sorption energies agrees with experimental data.

Published
2008
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37. Kinetic partitioning of Co, Mn, Cs, Fe, Ag, Zn and Cd in fresh waters (Loire) mixed with brackish waters (Loire estuary): experimental and modelling approaches.

Author

Ciffroy P, Garnier JM, and Benyahya L

Subjects
Adsorption, Calibration, Kinetics, Radioisotopes, Sodium Chloride, Trace Elements analysis, Trace Elements chemistry, Metals, Heavy analysis, Metals, Heavy chemistry, Models, Theoretical, Water Pollutants analysis, Water Pollutants, Radioactive analysis
Abstract

To simulate the behavior of radionuclides along a salinity gradient, in vitro sorption and desorption kinetics of Co, Mn, Cs, Fe, Ag, Zn and Cd were studied in Loire river water and the macrotidal Loire estuarine water over two different seasons. Partitioning between the dissolved phase and suspended solids were followed up over 100 h after adding radioactive tracers to freshly collected freshwater (sorption stage); this stage was followed by desorption in fresh and estuarine waters. A kinetic model describing the interactions between trace metals and particles under a salinity gradient was developed and calibrated. Among parameters and/or processes that control the fate and behavior of contaminated particles during their transfer in estuarine systems, this study shows that the speciation of trace metals is controlled by: (i) the chemical water composition: for all the elements except for Fe, desorption increased with salinity; however, the amplitude of such an effect strongly depended on the element and/or on the composition of the particulate phase (and consequently on the season); (ii) the possibility for a given element to form (or not) stable surface particle moieties such as oxides or inner-sphere complexes; (iii) the distribution of a given element among different types of sites characterised by different binding forces that can lead (or not) to re-adsorption processes after mixing of contaminated particles with uncontaminated water. Our model enabled the quantification of the contribution and the characteristic time of reactions that took place over short and long periods on the global partitioning between particulate and dissolved phases during sorption and desorption and to determine the extent to which these reactions were modified by the salinity.

Published
2003
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