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The idea of a NATO Science Committee Institute on'Materials for Advanced Batteries'was suggested to JB and DWM by Dr. A. G. Chynoweth. His idea was to bring together experts in the field over the entire spectrum of pure research to applied research in order to familiarize everyone with potentially interesting new systems and the problems involved in their development. Dr. M. C. B. Hotz and Professor M. N. Ozdas were instrumental in helping organize this meeting as a NATO Advanced Science Institute. An organlzlng committee consisting of the three of us along with W. A. Adams, U. v Alpen, J. Casey and J. Rouxel organized the program. The program consisted of plenary talks and poster papers which are included in this volume. Nearly half the time of the conference was spent in study groups. The aim of these groups was to assess the status of several key aspects of batteries and prospects for research opportunities in each. The study groups and their chairmen were: Current status and new systems J. Broadhead High temperature systems W. A. Adams Interface problems B. C. H. Steele Electrolytes U. v Alpen Electrode materials J. Rouxel These discussions are summarized in this volume. We and all the conference participants are most grateful to Professor J. Rouxel for suggesting the Aussois conference site, and to both he and Dr. M. Armand for handling local arrangements.

Welcome to the proceedings of the Power-Aware Computer Systems (PACS 2004) workshop held in conjunction with the 37th Annual International Sym- sium on Microarchitecture (MICRO-37). The continued increase of power and energy dissipation in computer systems has resulted in higher cost, lower re- ability, and reduced battery life in portable systems. Consequently, power and energy have become?rst-class constraints at all layers of modern computer s- tems. PACS 2004 is the fourth workshop in its series to explore techniques to reduce power and energy at all levels of computer systems and brings together academic and industry researchers. The papers in these proceedings span a wide spectrum of areas in pow- aware systems. We have grouped the papers into the following categories: (1) microarchitecture- and circuit-level techniques, (2) power-aware memory and interconnect systems, and (3) frequency- and voltage-scaling techniques. The?rst paper in the microarchitecture group proposes banking and wri- back?ltering to reduce register?le power. The second paper in this group - timizes both delay and power of the issue queue by packing two instructions in each issue queue entry and by memorizing upper-order bits of the wake-up tag. The third paper proposes bit slicing the datapath to exploit narrow width operations, and the last paper proposes to migrate application threads from one core to another in a multi-core chip to address thermal problems.

Welcome to the proceedings of the 3rd Power-Aware Computer Systems (PACS 2003) Workshop held in conjunction with the 36th Annual International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO-36). The increase in power and - ergy dissipation in computer systems has begun to limit performance and has also resulted in higher cost and lower reliability. The increase also implies - ducedbatterylifeinportablesystems.Becauseofthemagnitudeoftheproblem, alllevelsofcomputersystems,includingcircuits,architectures,andsoftware,are being employed to address power and energy issues. PACS 2003 was the third workshop in its series to explore power- and energy-awareness at all levels of computer systems and brought together experts from academia and industry. These proceedings include 14 research papers, selected from 43 submissions, spanningawidespectrumofareasinpower-awaresystems.Wehavegrouped the papers into the following categories: (1) compilers, (2) embedded systems, (3) microarchitectures, and (4) cache and memory systems. The?rst paper on compiler techniques proposes pointer reuse analysis that is biased by runtime information (i.e., the targets of pointers are determined based on the likelihood of their occurrence at runtime) to map accesses to ener- e?cient memory access paths (e.g., avoid tag match). Another paper proposes compiling multiple programs together so that disk accesses across the programs can be synchronized to achieve longer sleep times in disks than if the programs are optimized separately.

Research and Development in Non-Mechanical Electrical Power Sources contains the proceedings of the 6th International Power Sources Symposium held in Brighton, UK, in September 1968. The papers explore research and development in non-mechanical sources of electric power such as lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, and solid state batteries. This book is comprised of 38 chapters and opens with a discussion on the charge acceptance of positive and negative electrodes in lead-acid cells. The following chapters deal with the effect of temperature and current density on the utilization of lead and lead oxide electrodes; anomalies of the negative plate in the lead-acid battery; curing of lead-acid battery plates; and specific properties of small closed lead accumulators using an immobilized electrolyte. Water-activated dry-charged lead-acid batteries, coated nickel electrodes, and nickel-cadmium batteries are also described. The final chapter is devoted to the methods of making GeSi alloys, their properties, and their use in thermoelectric generators. This monograph will be a valuable resource for electrical engineers.

Batteries 2: Research and Development in Non-Mechanical Electrical Power Sources provides information pertinent to the selection and operation of power source. This book focuses on the progress and further development in battery design. Organized into 38 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the metallurgical properties of a positive grid alloy as well as the properties of dispersion-strengthened lead. This text then explains the voltage maximum as being resistance polarization. Other chapters consider the standard heat of activation for the rate-determining step at the reversible potential and explain the difficulties of predicting the orbital performance of solar cells from terrestrial measurements. This book discusses as well the chemical changes occurring during the manufacture and life of lead–acid batteries. The final chapter deals with the mechanism of the processes that occur in fuel cells. This book is a valuable resource for chemical, electrical, telecommunications, electrochemical, and automotive engineers.