72 results on '"Eldridge AL"'
Search Results
2. Comparison of 1989 RDAs and DRIs for minerals: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine, and selenium.
- Author
-
Eldridge AL
- Abstract
This report is the third in a series to compare the 1989 Recommended Dietary Allowances with new Dietary Reference Intakes. It focuses on minerals calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine, and selenium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Comparison of 1989 RDAs and DRIs for fat-soluble vitamins.
- Author
-
Eldridge AL
- Abstract
This article is the first in a series to compare the 1989 Recommended Dietary Allowances with new Dietary Reference Intakes. The first report focuses on fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A brief dietary assessment instrument for assessing target foods, nutrients and eating patterns.
- Author
-
Neuhouser ML, Patterson RE, Kristal AR, Eldridge AL, Vizenor NC, Neuhouser, M L, Patterson, R E, Kristal, A R, Eldridge, A L, and Vizenor, N C
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Dietary carotenoids and certain cancers, heart disease, and age-related macular degeneration: a review of recent research.
- Author
-
Cooper DA, Eldridge AL, and Peters JC
- Published
- 1999
6. Dietary carotenoids and lung cancer: a review of recent research.
- Author
-
Cooper DA, Eldridge AL, and Peters JC
- Published
- 1999
7. Comparison of 3 methods for counting fruits and vegetables for fourth-grade students in the Minnesota 5 A Day Power Plus Program.
- Author
-
Eldridge AL, Smith-Warner SA, Lytle LA, and Murray DM
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Children's interpretation of nutrition messages.
- Author
-
Lytle LA, Eldridge AL, Kotz K, Piper J, Williams S, and Kalina B
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Food supplement use and related beliefs: survey of community college students.
- Author
-
Eldridge AL and Sheehan ET
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Development and evaluation of a labeling program for low-fat foods in a discount department store foodservice area.
- Author
-
Eldridge AL, Snyder MP, Faus NG, and Kotz K
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Increasing doses of fiber do not influence short-term satiety or food intake and are inconsistently linked to gut hormone levels.
- Author
-
Willis HJ, Thomas W, Eldridge AL, Harkness L, Green H, and Slavin JL
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Research and professional briefs. Validating fourth-grade students' self-report of dietary intake: results from the 5 A Day Power Plus program.
- Author
-
Lytle LA, Murray DM, Perry CL, and Eldridge AL
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. School-based intervention using a dual-theory model.
- Author
-
Romaniello C, Hambidge M, Auld G, Hambidge C, Eldridge AL, and Resnicow K
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Measuring Dietary Quality Among Toddlers in the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study, 2016, Using the New Healthy Eating Index-Toddlers-2020.
- Author
-
Kay MC, Hampton J, Pac S, Huss L, and Eldridge AL
- Abstract
Background: Child diet can influence risk for obesity and other related noncommunicable diseases. Few studies have used the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-Toddlers-2020 to assess diet quality among toddlers (children aged 12 to 23.9 months)., Objective: The aim of this study was to examine diet quality among toddlers participating in the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study, 2016, and determine differences by sociodemographic characteristics. Caregiver perception of how their toddler's diet aligns with HEI-Toddlers-2020 diet quality scores was also assessed., Design: This cross-sectional study used 24-hour dietary records collected in 2016., Participants and Setting: Data were collected on toddlers ages 12 to 23.9 months (N = 1133) participating in the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study, 2016., Main Outcome Measures: Diet quality was assessed using the HEI-Toddlers-2020., Statistical Analyses Performed: The population ratio method was used for all analyses using weighted data to estimate HEI-Toddlers-2020 scores overall and within subgroups. To determine significant differences of the HEI-Toddlers-2020 score between subgroups, pairwise t tests were used. Statistical significance at P < .05 was used as a cutoff for all 2-sided P values., Results: Average HEI-Toddlers-2020 score among toddlers ages 12 to 23.9 months participating in the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study, 2016, was 71.2 out of a possible 100. Total scores (mean, standard error) varied by race and ethnicity with Hispanic toddlers having higher scores compared with non-Hispanic White toddlers (76.4 ± 2.5 vs 69.0 ± 1.2; P = .03) and by federal poverty level with those >200% of the poverty level having higher scores compared with those <100% of the poverty level (74.7 ± 1.5 vs 67.0 ± 2.6; P = .01)., Conclusions: Opportunities for improvement in dietary intake were identified using the new HEI-Toddlers-2020 to assess diet quality among children ages 12 to 23.9 months. Scores were indicative of toddlers consuming excess added sugars and lower-than-recommended amounts of seafood and plant proteins, greens and beans, whole grains, and vegetables. Interventions to improve diet quality in toddlers may benefit from focusing on foods children should eat more of along with foods to consume in moderation., (Copyright © 2024 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Glucose variability in 6-12-month-old healthy infants.
- Author
-
Hauschild M, Monnard C, Eldridge AL, Antoniou MC, Bouthors T, Hansen E, Dwyer AA, Rytz A, and Darimont C
- Abstract
Background: Metabolic programming of glucose homeostasis in the first 1,000 days of life may impact lifelong metabolic and cardiovascular health. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices may help measure the impact of dietary intake on glucose rhythms and metabolism in infants during the complementary feeding period., Objectives: Demonstrate the feasibility of CGM to measure and quantify glucose variability in response to infant feeding and to evaluate associations between macronutrient meal composition and glucose variability., Methods: The "FreeStyle Libre Pro
® " device interstitial glucose meter was applied to the anterior thigh of 10 healthy 6-12-month-old infants. Parents recorded food intake, time of feeding, and used daily dairies to record sleep time and duration. Descriptive statistics were employed for food intake, sleep and key glycemic parameters over three full days. Mixed linear models were used to assess glycemic changes., Results: Mid-day, afternoon, and evening feeds contained >30 g carbohydrate and induced higher 2-h iAUC (3.42, 3.41, and 3.50 mmol/L*h respectively) compared to early and mid-morning feedings with ≤25 g carbohydrates (iAUC 2.72 and 2.81 mmol/L*h, p < 0.05). Early morning and evening milk feedings contained approximately 9 g of fat and induced a longer time to reach maximal glucose value (Tmax; 75 and 68 min, respectively) compared to lower fat feedings (2.9-5.9 g; Tmax range: 34-60 min; p < 0.05). Incremental glucose value at time of food intake (C0) increased significantly from 0.24 ± 0.39 mM in early morning to 1.07 ± 0.57 mM in the evening ( p < 0.05). Over the day, 70% of glucose values remained within the normal range (3.5-5.5 mmol/L), 10% were between 5.5-10 mmol/L, and 20% were < 3.5 mmol/L., Conclusion: Our data support the feasibility of using CGM to measure glucose in 6-12-month-old infants. The observation of possible diurnal glucose variability and typical glucose values may have implications for future studies investigating metabolic adaptation to nutritional intake in early life., Competing Interests: CM, AE, AR, and CD are employed by Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Hauschild, Monnard, Eldridge, Antoniou, Bouthors, Hansen, Dwyer, Rytz and Darimont.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. A meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of alternate day fasting, the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating for weight loss.
- Author
-
Elortegui Pascual P, Rolands MR, Eldridge AL, Kassis A, Mainardi F, Lê KA, Karagounis LG, Gut P, and Varady KA
- Subjects
- Humans, Fasting, Caloric Restriction methods, Weight Loss, Obesity, Diet, Reducing methods
- Abstract
Objective: The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the effectiveness of different intermittent fasting (IF) regimens on weight loss, in the general population, and compare these to traditional caloric energy restriction (CER)., Methods: Three databases were searched from 2011 to June 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed weight loss and IF, including alternate day fasting (ADF), the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating (TRE). A random effect network analysis was used to compare the effectiveness between the three regimens. Meta-regression analysis was presented as weighted mean differences of body weight loss., Results: The exploratory random effects network analysis of 24 RCTs (n = 1768) ranked ADF as the most effective, followed by CER and TRE. The meta-analysis showed that IF regimens resulted in similar weight loss to CER (mean difference 0.26 kg, 95% CI: -0.31 to 0.84; p = 0.37). Compliance was generally high (>80%) in trials shorter than 3 months., Conclusions: The present meta-analysis concludes that IF is comparable to CER and a promising alternative for weight loss. Among the three regimens, ADF showed the highest effectiveness for weight loss, followed by CER and TRE. Further well-powered RCTs with longer durations of intervention are required to draw solid conclusions., (© 2022 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. Obesity published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Obesity Society.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Nutrient Intakes among Brazilian Children Need Improvement and Show Differences by Region and Socioeconomic Level.
- Author
-
Anater AS, Hampton JC, Lopes TDVC, Giuntini EB, Campos VC, Harnack LJ, Lorenzana Peasley JM, and Eldridge AL
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Brazil, Child, Diet, Humans, Socioeconomic Factors, Eating, Energy Intake
- Abstract
Brazil is the most populous country in South America. Using 24 h dietary data, we compared the nutrient intakes of 4-13-year-olds to reference values and tested for regional and socioeconomic (SES) differences. A considerable proportion reported intakes below the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) for vitamins E (78.1%, 96.5%), D (100% for both), and calcium (80.5%, 97.7%) for 4-8 and 9-13-year-olds, respectively. Few exceeded Adequate Intakes (AI) for potassium or fiber. Older children reported greater inadequacies and, while there was regional variability, patterns of inadequacy and excess tended to be similar. For vitamin C, the percent of children below EAR in the Northeast and Southeast was lower than in the South. Most children, regardless of SES, had energy intakes within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs) for carbohydrates and protein. Over a quarter reported total energy from fat less than the AMDR, and inversely associated with SES (low 50.9%, moderate 26.0%, and high 15.0%), but also exceeding the percentage of energy recommendation for saturated fat, increasing with SES (low 18.1%, moderate 38.9%, and high 48.8%). The contrast observed between the diets of young Brazilians and recommendations underscores the need for individual and regional environmental interventions to promote healthier dietary patterns.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Food Sources of Key Nutrients, Meal and Dietary Patterns among Children Aged 4-13 Years in Ibadan, Nigeria: Findings from the 2019 Kids Nutrition and Health Study.
- Author
-
Sanusi RA, Wang D, Ariyo O, Eyinla TE, Tassy M, Eldridge AL, Ogundero A, Leshi O, Lenighan YM, Ejoh SI, and Aleru E
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Child, Preschool, Energy Intake, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Meals, Nigeria, Nutritional Requirements, Diet, Food, Health Status, Nutritional Status, Nutritive Value
- Abstract
This study examined the contribution of food to nutrient intake, meal and dietary patterns among children aged 4-8 and 9-13 years in the city of Ibadan, Nigeria. Multi-pass 24-hour dietary recalls were used to assess intakes. Prudent and traditional Southwestern Nigerian dietary patterns were identified among children. The top foods and beverages were defined by frequency and amount consumed. Meal patterns were described by the eating occasions, while cluster analysis probed dietary patterns. About 88% of children had at least three meals including breakfast (95%), lunch (85%), dinner (92%) and midmorning meals (48%), while about 60% ate snacks at least once daily. Sources of energy and key nutrients were limited (yam, cassava, rice, maize, bread and beans/peas/legumes). The amount consumed per consumer of cassava products (192.2, 256.0 g), yam (169.7, 256.0 g), legumes (115.3, 150.7 g), corn/maize (160.4, 195.2), and rice (138.4, 182.3 g) were high, while beef (15.2, 17.9 g), eggs (50.6, 49.2 g), fish (27.5, 30.6 g), milk (24.2, 27.0 g) and nuts and seeds (18.2, 19.7 g) were low for children ages 4-8 and 9-13 years, respectively. In conclusion, while the frequency of meals suggests a healthy pattern, the top foods could not provide adequate nutrient (especially micronutrient) intake, which is key to the development of the target population.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Development and Application of a Total Diet Quality Index for Toddlers.
- Author
-
Kay MC, Duffy EW, Harnack LJ, Anater AS, Hampton JC, Eldridge AL, and Story M
- Subjects
- Breast Feeding statistics & numerical data, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Nutritional Status, Reproducibility of Results, United States, Diet Surveys methods, Diet, Healthy statistics & numerical data, Nutrition Policy
- Abstract
For the first time, the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans include recommendations for infants and toddlers under 2 years old. We aimed to create a diet quality index based on a scoring system for ages 12 to 23.9 months, the Toddler Diet Quality Index (DQI), and evaluate its construct validity using 24 h dietary recall data collected from a national sample of children from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016. The mean (standard error) Toddler DQI was 49 (0.6) out of 100 possible points, indicating room for improvement. Toddlers under-consumed seafood, greens and beans, and plant proteins and over-consumed refined grains and added sugars. Toddler DQI scores were higher among children who were ever breastfed, lived in households with higher incomes, and who were Hispanic. The Toddler DQI performed as expected and offers a measurement tool to assess the dietary quality of young children in accordance with federal nutrition guidelines. This is important for providing guidance that can be used to inform public health nutrition policies, programs, and practices to improve diets of young children.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Nutrient Intake in Children 4-13 Years Old in Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Author
-
Tassy M, Eldridge AL, Sanusi RA, Ariyo O, Ogundero A, Eyinla TE, and Wang D
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Anthropometry, Child, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Child, Preschool, Diet Surveys, Female, Humans, Male, Nigeria epidemiology, Nutrition Assessment, Nutritional Requirements, Nutritional Status, Prevalence, Child Nutrition Disorders epidemiology, Diet statistics & numerical data, Eating
- Abstract
The paucity of adequate data on dietary and nutrient intakes of school-age children is a barrier to addressing malnutrition and associated risks in Nigeria. This study included 955 children aged 4-13 years from Ibadan, Nigeria, using a stratified random sampling design. Information on family socio-demographic characteristics was reported, and child anthropometrics were measured. Dietary intake data were collected using a multi-pass 24 h dietary recall method; 20% of subjects completed a second 24 h recall to estimate usual nutrient intakes. Means and distributions of usual intakes of energy and nutrients as well as prevalence of inadequacy were estimated. Usual energy intake (kcal/day) was 1345 and 1590 for younger (4-8 years) and older (9-13 years) age groups, respectively. The macronutrient intakes of most children did not conform to Adequate Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs), which were characterized by a higher proportion of energy from carbohydrates and lower proportion from total fats. Protein intake was largely within the AMDR. Compared to recommendations, over 60% of 4-8-year-old children had inadequate intakes of calcium, copper, iron, folate, and vitamins A, D, and E. There were more micronutrient inadequacies in the older children. This study identifies nutrition gaps and suggests future research and education to improve child nutrition in Nigeria.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Evaluation of PIQNIQ, a Novel Mobile Application for Capturing Dietary Intake.
- Author
-
Blanchard CM, Chin MK, Gilhooly CH, Barger K, Matuszek G, Miki AJ, Côté RG, Eldridge AL, Green H, Mainardi F, Mehers D, Ronga F, Steullet V, and Das SK
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Eating, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Recall, Middle Aged, Photography, Reproducibility of Results, Self Report, Young Adult, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Mobile Applications, Nutrients administration & dosage, Nutrition Assessment, Nutrition Surveys methods
- Abstract
Background: Accurate measurement of dietary intake is vital for providing nutrition interventions and understanding the complex role of diet in health. Traditional dietary assessment methods are very resource intensive and burdensome to participants. Technology may help mitigate these limitations and improve dietary data capture., Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the accuracy of a novel mobile application (PIQNIQ) in capturing dietary intake by self-report. Our secondary objective was to assess whether food capture using PIQNIQ was comparable with an interviewer-assisted 24-h recall (24HR)., Methods: This study was a single-center randomized clinical trial enrolling 132 adults aged 18 to 65 y from the general population. Under a provided-food protocol with 3 menus designed to include a variety of foods, participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 food capture methods: simultaneous entry using PIQNIQ, photo-assisted recall using PIQNIQ, and 24HR. Primary outcomes were energy and nutrient content (calories, total fat, carbohydrates, protein, added sugars, calcium, dietary fiber, folate, iron, magnesium, potassium, saturated fat, sodium, and vitamins A, C, D, and E) captured by the 3 methods., Results: The majority of nutrients reported were within 30% of consumed intake in all 3 food capture methods (n = 129 completers). Reported intake was highly (>30%) overestimated for added sugars in both PIQNIQ groups and underestimated for calcium in the photo-assisted recall group only (P < 0.001 for all). However, in general, both PIQNIQ methods had similar levels of accuracy and were comparable to the 24HR except in their overestimation (>30%) of added sugars and total fat (P < 0.001 for both)., Conclusions: Our results suggest that intuitive, technology-based methods of dietary data capture are well suited to modern users and, with proper execution, can provide data that are comparable to data obtained with traditional methods. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03578458., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children is Associated with Several Changes in Nutrient Intakes and Food Consumption Patterns of Participating Infants and Young Children, 2008 Compared with 2016.
- Author
-
Guthrie JF, Anater AS, Hampton JC, Catellier DJ, Eldridge AL, Johnson WL, and Quann EE
- Subjects
- Adult, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet statistics & numerical data, Dietary Supplements statistics & numerical data, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Income, Infant, Male, Nutritional Requirements, Time Factors, Diet Surveys, Feeding Behavior, Food Assistance
- Abstract
Background: In 2009 the USDA's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) updated the food packages provided to participants., Objectives: This study investigates associations between WIC participation and nutrients and food groups consumed using data from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study's 2008 and 2016 nationwide, cross-sectional surveys of children <4 y, weighted to be representative of the US population., Methods: The study data included 2892 children aged 6-47.9 mo in 2008 and 2635 in 2016. Differences were analyzed by WIC participation, survey year, and child age (infants 6-11.9 mo old, toddlers 12-23.9 mo old, preschoolers 24-47.9 mo old). Usual nutrient intake distributions were estimated using National Cancer Institute methodology. Daily food group consumption differences were tested via multivariate regression. All analyses controlled for income., Results: In 2016 18.6% of infants had iron intakes below the estimated average requirement (EAR), compared to 7.6% in 2008; 87% of WIC infants met the EAR, compared with 69% of non-WIC infants. In 2016 37% of WIC preschoolers met saturated fat guidelines, compared with 25% in 2008; in both years, fewer than one-third of non-WIC preschoolers met the guidelines. More WIC infants than non-WIC infants consumed infant cereals in 2016 (58% compared with 45%, respectively). More WIC infants ate vegetables daily in 2016 than in 2008 (74% compared with 59%, respectively). In 2016, as compared with 2008, more WIC infants consumed baby-food vegetables (55% compared with 29%, respectively) and fruits (56% compared with 41%, respectively). In 2016 47% of WIC preschoolers drank low-fat milk, compared with 19% of non-WIC preschoolers., Conclusions: Infant iron intakes are concerning, although more WIC infants meet the EAR. WIC infants' vegetable intakes have improved; baby-food vegetables have become important contributors to their intakes. In 2016 WIC children were more likely than non-WIC children to shift to lower-fat milks at 2 y of age, likely contributing to lower saturated fat intakes., (Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition 2020.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Dairy Intake Would Reduce Nutrient Gaps in Chinese Young Children Aged 3-8 Years: A Modelling Study.
- Author
-
Jia X, Wang D, Eldridge AL, Zhang B, Zhang X, and Wang H
- Subjects
- Animals, Child, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Child, Preschool, China, Energy Intake, Female, Food, Formulated analysis, Humans, Male, Nutrition Surveys, Nutritional Requirements, Dairy Products analysis, Diet methods, Dietary Supplements, Milk, Models, Theoretical
- Abstract
Dairy foods are under-consumed among Chinese children. We modeled the impact of increased dairy consumption on nutrient inadequacy and assessed whether the consumption of formulated milk powder for children ≥3 years (FMP3+) is useful for reducing nutrient gaps. Data from 3-8-year-old children, with completed socio-demographic and dietary measurements from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2015, were used ( n = 1122). Dietary intakes were modeled in two scenarios: Scenario 1 added FMP3+ or cow's milk to reported diet to reach recommended dairy intakes; Scenario 2 replaced the currently consumed milk with an equal volume of FMP3+. Reported nutrient intakes were compared with each model. Only 32.5% of children consumed dairy products; the average intake amount in total was 48.6 g/day. Most children (97.6%) did not meet dairy intake recommendation. Inadequate nutrient intakes were observed for calcium, potassium, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin C and selenium. In Scenario 1, both FMP3+ and cow's milk improved the intake of all analyzed nutrients. In Scenario 2, FMP3+ substitution increased the intake of most nutrients, and reduced the proportion of children with an inadequate intake of vitamin C, thiamin, vitamin A, iron, zinc and potassium. Thus, increasing dairy consumption would reduce nutrient gaps, and FMP3+ is a good food source to help children meet nutrient requirements.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Global Landscape of Nutrient Inadequacies in Toddlers and Young Children.
- Author
-
Eldridge AL and Offord EA
- Subjects
- Child, Preschool, Diet, Diet Surveys, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Energy Intake, Nutrients
- Abstract
Toddlers and young children need an adequate and diverse diet to provide all of the nutrients required for optimal growth and development. Unfortunately, inadequate intake of vitamins and minerals is still identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a major public health threat for young children. Organizations like the WHO and the World Bank focus primarily on iron, zinc, vitamin A, and iodine for children ≤5 years of age in low-income countries. In addition to the data from these organizations, individual-level food consumption surveys are needed to provide a fuller picture of food and nutrient intakes. Where studies are available, intakes of dietary fiber and vitamin D are generally below recommendations for toddlers and young children. Other nutrient gaps differ by country and are related to food availability and local dietary habits. For example, young children in the US regularly consume dairy products, and <10% fall below recommendations for calcium intake compared to 2- to 4-year-old toddlers in the Philippines where dairy food consumption is low, and 66-84% fall below calcium recommendations. Dietary intake studies can help to identify the foods and beverages most relevant to alleviate nutrient gaps and improve dietary intakes of toddlers and young children around the world., (© 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Trends in Mean Nutrient Intakes of US Infants, Toddlers, and Young Children from 3 Feeding Infants and Toddlers Studies (FITS).
- Author
-
Eldridge AL, Catellier DJ, Hampton JC, Dwyer JT, and Bailey RL
- Subjects
- Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Forecasting, Humans, Infant, United States, Energy Intake, Nutrients administration & dosage
- Abstract
Background: Many updates to young child feeding recommendations have been published over the past decade, but concurrent intake trends have not been assessed., Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate adequacy and trends in energy and nutrient intakes of US infants and children aged 0-47.9 mo through use of Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) data from 2002, 2008, and 2016., Methods: FITS are cross-sectional surveys of parents/caregivers of infants and young children (FITS 2002, n = 2962; FITS 2008, n = 3276; FITS 2016, n = 3235). Dietary intakes were assessed by telephone with trained interviewers using the Nutrition Data System for Research. Mean ± SE nutrient intakes were calculated. Diet adequacy was assessed with the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) for 17 nutrients and the corresponding mean adequacy ratio., Results: Energy and macronutrient intakes were generally stable across surveys, but significant decreases for saturated fat and total sugars and an increase in fiber were observed among 6-11.9-mo-olds and 12-23.9-mo-olds (P-trend < 0.0001). Mean sodium intakes exceeded Adequate Intakes (AI) for all ages, whereas fiber intakes were universally below the AI. Nutrients with the lowest NAR values were vitamin D (range 0.41-0.67/1.00) and vitamin E (range 0.60-0.79/1.00 for 2008 and 2016). For iron, infants aged 6-11.9 mo had the lowest NAR values at 0.77-0.88/1.00, compared to 0.85-0.89/1.00 for 12-47.9-mo-olds. Potassium was low from 12 to 47.9 mo (NAR range 0.55-0.63/1.00 across survey years). The nutrients with the greatest decline in mean intakes were iron and vitamins D and E among 6-11.9-mo-olds, and vitamin D and potassium among 12-23.9-mo-olds in 2016 compared to 2002., Conclusions: The diets of US infants and young children were generally adequate for most micronutrients and stable over time, but sodium intakes were too high, and nutrient gaps still existed, especially for vitamins D, E, and fiber across ages and for iron among infants., (Copyright © American Society for Nutrition 2019.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. FITS and KNHS Overview: Methodological Challenges in Dietary Intake Data Collection among Infants, Toddlers, and Children in Selected Countries.
- Author
-
Eldridge AL
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Australia, Child, Child, Preschool, China, Cross-Sectional Studies, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Mexico, Philippines, Russia, United States, Data Collection methods, Diet statistics & numerical data, Eating, Nutrition Surveys methods, Nutrition Surveys standards
- Abstract
The FITS (Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study) and KNHS (Kids Nutrition and Health Study) are large-scale cross-sectional surveys designed to explore eating patterns, nutrient intakes, and food sources of nutrients among infants and children. FITS and KNHS use data from national surveys when available, but when data are not available for age groups of interest, we collect data using similar methods. So far, we have applied a common analysis approach in Australia, China, Mexico, the Philippines, Russia, and the United States. Although dietary data collection methods shared similarities, other aspects of the survey methodology differed considerably. Food composition tables varied, limiting accurate intake estimates to a short list of nutrients in some countries. Age groups and food grouping systems were not consistent, and the level of detail varied. Not all surveys recorded details about the meals or times when foods were consumed. Nonetheless, the FITS and KNHS have standardized age categories and food groupings, so comparisons can be made, and we have imputed missing values to complete data sets for nutrients of interest. We have also supported primary data collection to fill gaps. This manuscript provides an overview of the individual studies and country data that comprise the current FITS and KNHS., (© 2019 Nestlé Nutrition Institute, Switzerland/S. Karger AG, Basel.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Feeding Patterns of Infants and Toddlers: The Mexico Case Study.
- Author
-
Villalpando-Carrión S and Eldridge AL
- Subjects
- Breast Feeding statistics & numerical data, Child, Preschool, Diet, Energy Intake, Fruit, Humans, Infant, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Infant, Newborn, Malnutrition epidemiology, Mexico epidemiology, Nutritional Requirements, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Vegetables, Feeding Behavior, Nutrition Surveys
- Abstract
Understanding the feeding patterns of Mexican infants and toddlers has required large efforts due to the lack of recent reliable data. The double burden of obesity and micronutrient undernutrition is a public health problem in Mexico. This chapter reviews a series of papers reporting the FITS (Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study) Mexico effort. Secondary data analyses from a nationally representative sample of over 5,000 children from the Mexican National Nutrition and Health Study 2012 ENSANUT (Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición) were used to review the feeding and drinking patterns of Mexican infants and young children. Feeding patterns in Mexican children are established early in life. Low rates of exclusive breastfeeding were found in infants under 6 months of age. Only half of 6- to 47.9-month-old children consumed fruits, and 80% did not consume any vegetables (including potatoes) on the day of the survey. From the age of 12 months, more than 80% consumed sweets or sweetened beverages on any given day. For nutrients, 61% of infants 6-11.9 months old did not meet the estimated average requirement for iron, indicating a nutritional risk. High intakes of food groups with poor micronutrient and high energy levels might explain the nutritional condition for the Mexican population. Mexican experts have used this information to make recommendations and establish complementary feeding guidelines for healthy infants. Public policy and practice must now change accordingly., (© 2019 Nestlé Nutrition Institute, Switzerland/S. Karger AG, Basel.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The 2016 Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS): Dietary Intakes and Practices of Children in the United States from Birth to 48 Months.
- Author
-
Bailey RL, Jun S, and Eldridge AL
- Subjects
- Breast Feeding statistics & numerical data, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Dietary Sugars administration & dosage, Energy Intake, Humans, Infant, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Infant, Newborn, Micronutrients administration & dosage, Nutritional Requirements, Sodium, Dietary administration & dosage, United States, Diet statistics & numerical data, Feeding Behavior
- Abstract
FITS (the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study) 2016 is a national, cross-sectional survey to evaluate the diets and feeding practices of US infants and children <48 months (n = 3,235). Dietary intakes were assessed using 24-h recalls, including a replicate subsample (n = 799), to estimate usual intake distributions and compliance with dietary reference intakes using the National Cancer Institute method. Infant feeding practices and 1-day food group consumption were assessed by age and participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Initiation and duration of breastfeeding were higher in 2016 compared to previous FITS surveys. Nutrient intakes of infants were largely adequate, except for vitamins D and E and iron (18% did not meet the iron recommendations at 6-11.9 months). WIC-participating infants were more likely to meet iron recommendations, potentially due to higher use of infant formula. More nutrient inadequacies were noted among toddlers and preschoolers, including low intakes of potassium (12+ months), fiber (12+ months), and vitamins D and E (12+ months), combined with high intakes of sodium and added sugars, especially among WIC participants, and saturated fat among those 24-36 months. These imbalances result from low intakes of vegetables and whole grains, and high intakes of processed meats, sweetened bakery foods, and sugar-sweetened beverages., (© 2019 Nestlé Nutrition Institute, Switzerland/S. Karger AG, Basel.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Evaluation of New Technology-Based Tools for Dietary Intake Assessment-An ILSI Europe Dietary Intake and Exposure Task Force Evaluation.
- Author
-
Eldridge AL, Piernas C, Illner AK, Gibney MJ, Gurinović MA, de Vries JHM, and Cade JE
- Subjects
- Europe, Humans, Diet, Diet Records, Internet, Mobile Applications, Nutrition Assessment
- Abstract
Background: New technology-based dietary assessment tools, including Web-based programs, mobile applications, and wearable devices, may improve accuracy and reduce costs of dietary data collection and processing. The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Europe Dietary Intake and Exposure Task Force launched this project to evaluate new tools in order to recommend general quality standards for future applications., Methods: A comprehensive literature search identified technology-based dietary assessment tools, including those published in English from 01/2011 to 09/2017, and providing details on tool features, functions and uses. Each of the 43 tools identified (33 for research and 10 designed for consumer use) was rated on 25 attributes., Results: Most of the tools identified (79%) relied on self-reported dietary intakes. Most (91%) used text entry and 33% used digital images to help identify foods. Only 65% had integrated databases for estimating energy or nutrients. Fewer than 50% contained any features of customization and about half generated automatic reports. Most tools reported on usability or reported validity compared with another assessment method (77%). A set of Best Practice Guidelines was developed for reporting dietary assessment tools using new technology., Conclusions: Dietary assessment methods that utilize technology offer many advantages for research and are often preferable to consumers over more traditional methods. In order to meet general quality standards, new technology tools require detailed publications describing tool development, food identification and quantification, customization, outputs, food composition tables used, and usability/validity testing.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Usual Nutrient Intakes from the Diets of US Children by WIC Participation and Income: Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016.
- Author
-
Jun S, Catellier DJ, Eldridge AL, Dwyer JT, Eicher-Miller HA, and Bailey RL
- Subjects
- Child, Preschool, Diet Surveys, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Income, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mental Recall, Micronutrients administration & dosage, Child Health, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Food Assistance, Infant Health, Nutrients administration & dosage, Poverty
- Abstract
Background: A recent report of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) outlined priority nutrients for infants and children participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)., Objective: The objective of this study was to assess usual nutrient intakes from foods and beverages (not supplements) among US children aged <4 y by WIC participation status., Methods: A national random sample of children aged <4 y (n = 3,235) from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016 was categorized by WIC participation status (participants, lower-income nonparticipants, or higher-income nonparticipants) and age (younger infants aged 0-5.9 mo, older infants aged 6-11.9 mo, toddlers aged 12-23.9 mo, or preschoolers aged 24-47.9 mo). All participants contributed one 24-h dietary recall, with a second recall from a representative subsample (n = 799). Usual intakes and compliance with federal dietary recommendations were estimated by using the National Cancer Institute method. Differences between WIC participants and either lower-income nonparticipants or higher-income nonparticipants were tested using t tests., Results: The diets of infants (aged <12 mo) were nutritionally adequate in general. Older infants participating in WIC had higher compliance with iron and vitamin D guidelines than either group of nonparticipants and greater compliance with calcium, zinc, and potassium guidelines than higher-income nonparticipants. WIC toddlers had a higher risk of inadequate calcium and excessive sodium intakes than higher-income nonparticipants. Eight percent of WIC toddlers exceeded added sugar guidelines compared with either nonparticipant group (∼2%). WIC toddlers and preschoolers had a lower risk of inadequate vitamin D intake than lower-income nonparticipants, but inadequacy was >75% across all subgroups. WIC preschoolers had higher compliance with saturated fat guidelines but lower compliance with sodium and added sugar guidelines than higher-income nonparticipants., Conclusions: WIC participants had better intakes of iron (ages 6-23.9 mo), zinc and potassium (ages 6-11.9 mo), saturated fat (ages 24-47.9 mo), and vitamin D (all ages). Regardless of WIC participation status, most infants and children met the calcium and zinc guidelines, but large proportions had intakes not meeting the recommendations for iron (ages 6-11.9 mo), vitamin D, potassium, fiber, saturated fat, and sodium.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Total Usual Nutrient Intakes of US Children (Under 48 Months): Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016.
- Author
-
Bailey RL, Catellier DJ, Jun S, Dwyer JT, Jacquier EF, Anater AS, and Eldridge AL
- Subjects
- Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet Surveys, Dietary Supplements statistics & numerical data, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Iron administration & dosage, Iron Deficiencies, Male, Mental Recall, Micronutrients administration & dosage, Nutritional Requirements, United States, Child Health, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Infant Health, Nutrients administration & dosage
- Abstract
Background: The US Dietary Guidelines will expand in 2020 to include infants and toddlers. Understanding current dietary intakes is critical to inform policy., Objective: The purpose of this analysis was to examine the usual total nutrient intakes from diet and supplements among US children., Methods: The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study 2016 is a national cross-sectional study of children aged <48 mo (n = 3235): younger infants (birth to 5.9 mo), older infants (6-11.9 mo), toddlers (12-23.9 mo), younger preschoolers (24-36.9 mo), and older preschoolers (36-47.9 mo) based on the use of a 24-h dietary recall. A second 24-h recall was collected from a representative subsample (n = 799). Energy, total nutrient intake distributions, and compliance with Dietary Reference Intakes were estimated with the use of the National Cancer Institute method., Results: Dietary supplement use was 15-23% among infants and toddlers and 35-45% among preschoolers. Dietary intakes of infants were adequate, with mean intakes exceeding Adequate Intake for all nutrients except vitamins D and E. Iron intakes fell below the Estimated Average Requirement for older infants (18%). We found that 31-33% of children aged 12-47.9 mo had low percentage of energy from total fat, and >60% of children aged 24-47.9 mo exceeded the saturated fat guidelines. The likelihood of nutrient inadequacy for many nutrients was higher for toddlers: 3.2% and 2.5% greater than the Adequate Intake for fiber and potassium and 76% and 52% less than the Estimated Average Requirement for vitamins D and E, respectively. These patterns continued through older ages. Intakes exceeded the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of sodium, retinol, and zinc across most age groups., Conclusions: Dietary intakes of US infants are largely nutritionally adequate; concern exists over iron intakes in those aged 6-11.9 mo. For toddlers and preschoolers, high intake of sodium and low intakes of potassium, fiber, and vitamin D and, for preschoolers, excess saturated fat are of concern. Excess retinol, zinc, and folic acid was noted across most ages, especially among supplement users.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. WIC and non-WIC Infants and Children Differ in Usage of Some WIC-Provided Foods.
- Author
-
Guthrie JF, Catellier DJ, Jacquier EF, Eldridge AL, Johnson WL, Lutes AC, Anater AS, and Quann EE
- Subjects
- Animals, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet Surveys, Female, Humans, Income, Infant, Infant Food, Infant, Newborn, Male, Milk, Odds Ratio, United States, Child Health, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Food Assistance, Infant Health, Poverty
- Abstract
Background: USDA's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides expert-chosen supplemental foods to improve the diets and health of low-income infants and children <5 y of age, but dietary behaviors of WIC participants are not well characterized., Objective: The purpose of this analysis was to examine differences in food consumption patterns between WIC participants and nonparticipants., Methods: FITS 2016 is a nationwide cross-sectional study of children <4 y (n = 3235). Data were weighted to provide US population-representative results. Children were categorized as WIC participants or nonparticipants, with the latter divided into lower- and higher-income nonparticipants. Group differences were assessed via the Wald test (demographics) and Rao-Scott modified chi-square test (breastfeeding prevalence). Differences in percentage consuming WIC-provided and selected other foods between WIC participants and nonparticipants were evaluated with the use of ORs and 95% CIs., Results: WIC infants were less likely to breastfeed than were higher-income nonparticipants at 0-5.9 mo (45% compared with 74%) and less likely than both nonparticipant groups at 6-11.9 mo (30% compared with 49-60%). WIC 6- to 11.9-mo-olds were more likely to consume infant cereals and vegetables than were lower-income nonparticipants. WIC 12 to 23.9-mo-olds were more likely to drink whole milk (which WIC provides at this age) than were nonparticipants (72% compared with 59-64%), whereas WIC participants 24-47.9 mo were more likely to drink low- and nonfat milks (which WIC provides at this age) than were nonparticipants (45% compared with 13-22%). WIC participants 6-47.9 mo were more likely to drink juice than were nonparticipants., Conclusions: Continued improvements in early dietary patterns are warranted for WIC and non-WIC children. Breastfeeding among WIC participants is a continuing challenge. Findings suggest that baby-food cereals, vegetables, and fruits (all provided by WIC) contribute importantly to WIC infants' diets, whereas WIC children are more likely to use lower-fat milks after 2 y of age than are non-WIC participants.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016: Study Design and Methods.
- Author
-
Anater AS, Catellier DJ, Levine BA, Krotki KP, Jacquier EF, Eldridge AL, Bronstein KE, Harnack LJ, Lorenzana Peasley JM, and Lutes AC
- Subjects
- Adult, Caregivers, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet Surveys, District of Columbia, Educational Status, Ethnicity, Exercise, Family Characteristics, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Mental Recall, Screen Time, Sleep, Child Health, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Infant Health
- Abstract
Background: Diet and feeding patterns during the infant, toddler, and preschool years affect nutrient adequacy or excess during critical developmental periods. Understanding food consumption, feeding practices, and nutrient adequacy or excess during these periods is essential to establishing appropriate recommendations aimed at instilling healthy eating behaviors in children., Objective: The objective of the 2016 Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS 2016) was to update our knowledge on the diets and feeding patterns of young children and to provide new data in related areas such as feeding behaviors, sleep, physical activity, and screen use. This article describes the study design, data collection methods, 24-h dietary recall (24-h recall) protocol, and sample characteristics of FITS 2016., Methods: FITS 2016 is a cross-sectional study of caregivers of children aged <4 y living in the 50 states and Washington, DC. Data collection occurred between June 2015 and May 2016. A recruitment interview (respondent and child characteristics, feeding practices, physical activity, screen use, and sleep habits) was completed by telephone or online. This was followed by a feeding practices questionnaire and the 24-h recall conducted by telephone. A second 24-h recall was collected for a random subsample of 25% of the total sampled population., Results: Among the 4830 recruited households with an age-eligible child, 3248 (67%) completed the 24-h recall. The respondents were more likely to be white, less likely to be Hispanic, and more highly educated than the US population of adults in households with a child <4 y of age. The sample was subsequently calibrated and weighted, and the distribution of respondents was compared with known population distributions., Conclusions: FITS 2016 provides data based on sound methods that can inform researchers, policymakers, and practitioners about the food and nutrient intakes of young children. New findings may also be compared with previous FITS studies.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Location influences snacking behavior of US infants, toddlers and preschool children.
- Author
-
Jacquier EF, Deming DM, and Eldridge AL
- Subjects
- Animals, Child, Preschool, Choice Behavior, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet Surveys, Energy Intake physiology, Female, Fruit and Vegetable Juices, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Diet statistics & numerical data, Feeding Behavior psychology, Food Preferences psychology, Snacks
- Abstract
Background: Compare at-home and away-from-home snacking patterns of US infants and young children., Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted using nationwide, cross-sectional dietary survey data from the US Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2008. The sample included infants (6-11.9 months, n = 505), toddlers (12-23.9 months, n = 925), preschool children (24-47.9 months, n = 1461). Weighted population descriptive statistics (means and standard errors) were calculated using SAS. Significance was determined at P ≤ 0.05. The main outcome measures of the analyses were the percent of children consuming snacks by location (at home, away from home) and snacking period (morning, afternoon and evening), energy and food groups consumed during snacks., Results: Snacking at home was more prevalent than snacking away from home (toddlers, 73% vs 27%; preschoolers, 67% vs 33%). Away-from-home snacks provided about 50 additional calories per day for toddlers (346 vs 298 kcal/day, P ≤ 0.05) and preschoolers (371 vs 326 kcal/day, P ≤ 0.05) versus snacks consumed at home. Caregivers made similar snack choices for toddlers and preschoolers (milk/milk products, fruit/juice, grains and sweets) but differed in frequency of consumption by location. Among toddlers, milk/milk products were the most frequently consumed snacks at home (66%), while sweets were the top snacks consumed away from home (69%). Among preschoolers, sweets were the top snacks both at home (60%) and away (83%)., Conclusions: Location is an important factor influencing snacking patterns of young children and should be considered when developing feeding guidelines. This data may be of use in the upcoming development of dietary guidelines in the U.S. for the population aged 0-2 years.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Many Infants and Young Children Are Not Compliant with Mexican and International Complementary Feeding Recommendations for Milk and Other Beverages.
- Author
-
Afeiche MC, Villalpando-Carrión S, Reidy KC, Fries LR, and Eldridge AL
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Animals, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dietary Sugars administration & dosage, Dietary Sugars adverse effects, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mexico, Nutrition Surveys, Nutritional Status, Nutritive Value, Beverages adverse effects, Bottle Feeding adverse effects, Breast Feeding, Feeding Behavior, Infant Behavior, Milk adverse effects, Recommended Dietary Allowances
- Abstract
Mexican and international authorities provide guidelines for milk and beverage consumption for young children. This study classifies beverages as appropriate or inappropriate by age (0-5.9, 6-11.9, and 12-23.9 months) and details consumption patterns, amounts consumed, and the associated socio-demographic characteristics. Analysis of the Mexican National Nutrition and Health Survey (ENSANUT 2012) was conducted ( n = 949). Among 0-5.9 month olds, 66.7% consumed either breast milk, infant formula, or a combination with no other beverages, whereas 29.3% consumed breast milk and/or infant formula with water (mean = 58 g/day) and/or other beverages (mean = 115 g/day), such as 100% fruit juice, milk, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). For infants 6-11.9 months, appropriate beverages include breast milk, infant formula, and water; only 40.2% met these recommendations. Many 6-11.9 month olds consumed age-inappropriate beverages, including milk (31%) and SSBs (35%). After 12 months of age, appropriate beverages include water, milk, and a limited amount of 100% fruit juice and SSBs; 32.4% complied fully, 18.3% consumed appropriate and inappropriate beverages, and 49.3% consumed only inappropriate beverages. Among 12-23.9 month olds, 58% consumed milk, 18% juice, and 42% water while 63% consumed SSBs. Many infants and young children are not compliant with Mexican and international breastfeeding and complementary feeding guidelines for beverages. Communication and guidance about age-appropriate beverages should be improved., Competing Interests: M.C.A., L.R.F., and A.L.E. are employed by the Nestlé Research Center, sponsors of these analyses. K.C.R. is employed by Nestlé Nutrition in Florham Park, NJ, USA. S.V.-C. has a joint appointment at Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, and Nestlé Infant Nutrition in Mexico City, Mexico.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Snacking Patterns in Children: A Comparison between Australia, China, Mexico, and the US.
- Author
-
Wang D, van der Horst K, Jacquier EF, Afeiche MC, and Eldridge AL
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Australia, Child, Child, Preschool, China, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Diet Surveys, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Male, Mexico, Nutrition Surveys, Prevalence, United States, Diet ethnology, Feeding Behavior, Nutritive Value, Snacks
- Abstract
Snacking is common in children and influenced by many factors. The aim of this study is to provide insight of both common and country-specific characteristics of snacking among 4-13 year old children. We analyzed snacking prevalence, energy and nutrient contributions from snacking across diverse cultures and regions, represented by Australia, China, Mexico, and the US using data from respective national surveys. We found that the highest prevalence of snacking was in Australia and the US (over 95%) where snacking provided one-third and one-quarter of total energy intake (TEI), respectively, followed by Mexico (76%, provided 15% TEI) and China (65%, provided 10% TEI). Compared to 4-8 year-olds, the consumption of fruits and milk was lower in 9-13 year-old children, with a trend of increasing savory snacks consumption in China, Mexico, and the US. The nutrient density index of added sugars and saturated fat was higher, especially in Australia, Mexico, and the US. Results suggested that snacking could be an occasion to promote fruit and vegetable consumption in all countries, especially for older children. Snacking guidelines should focus on reducing consumption of snacks high in saturated fat and added sugars for Australia, Mexico, and the US, whereas improving dairy consumption is important in China., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. All authors are Nestlé employees.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Weekday snacking prevalence, frequency, and energy contribution have increased while foods consumed during snacking have shifted among Australian children and adolescents: 1995, 2007 and 2011-12 National Nutrition Surveys.
- Author
-
Fayet-Moore F, Peters V, McConnell A, Petocz P, and Eldridge AL
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Australia, Beverages, Body Mass Index, Body Weight, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Health Behavior, Humans, Male, Overweight epidemiology, Pediatric Obesity epidemiology, Prevalence, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Nutrition Surveys, Snacks
- Abstract
Background: There are limited data on the evolution of eating habits, including snacking, in Australia. This study aimed to understand snacking trends among Australian children over three previous National Nutrition Surveys., Methods: Data were analysed from a single weekday 24-h recall in the National Nutrition Surveys 1995, 2007, 2011-12 among children 2-16y (n = 8258). A snacking occasion was defined as an eating occasion that occurred between meals based on time of day., Results: The percentage of children snacking increased over time (92.5 ± 0.5(SE) % in 1995, 98.1 ± 0.3% in 2007, and 95.8 ± 0.4% in 2011-12) (P < 0.001), particularly among those having four or more snacking occasions (7.1 ± 0.5% in 1995, 17.9 ± 0.6% in 2007, and 18.5 ± 0.8% in 2011-2) (P < 0.001). The mean number of snacking occasions increased from 2.0 ± 0.0 in 1995, to 2.5 ± 0.0 in 2007 and 2011-12 (P < 0.001). The energy contribution from snacking increased from 24.1 ± 0.3% in 1995 to 27.7 ± 0.3% in 2007 and 30.5 ± 0.4% in 2011-12 (P < 0.001), while the energy from discretionary food during snacking decreased from 56.5 ± 0.7% in 1995 to 47.3 ± 0.5% in 2007 and 47.9 ± 0.7% in 2011-12 (P < 0.001). There were differences in the top foods consumed during snacking: non-alcoholic beverages were prominent contributors in 1995 but not in 2007 or 2011, and pome fruit was the second top energy contributor during snacking in 2007 and 2011 but only fourth in 1995., Conclusions: Snacking is a prominent dietary pattern that has increased over time in frequency and energy contribution. Foods and beverages consumed during snacking occasions include a mix of core foods and discretionary foods, and while the contribution of discretionary foods has decreased, there is still an opportunity to encourage consumption of more nutrient dense foods during snacking.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. The contribution of at-home and away-from-home food to dietary intake among 2-13-year-old Mexican children.
- Author
-
Taillie LS, Afeiche MC, Eldridge AL, and Popkin BM
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Beverages, Child, Child, Preschool, Cluster Analysis, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Dietary Proteins administration & dosage, Eating, Fatty Acids administration & dosage, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Infant, Mental Recall, Mexico, Micronutrients administration & dosage, Nutrition Assessment, Nutrition Surveys, Nutritive Sweeteners administration & dosage, Snacks, Socioeconomic Factors, Urban Population, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Diet
- Abstract
Objective: Away-from-home foods have been shown to have lower nutritional quality and larger portion sizes than many foods prepared at home. We aimed to describe energy and nutrient intakes among 2-13-year-old Mexican children by eating location (at home and away from home), overall, by socio-economic status (SES) and by urbanicity., Design: Dietary intake was collected via one 24 h recall in the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT). Location was reported for each food consumed. Results were adjusted for sex, day of recall, region, weight status, SES and urbanicity., Setting: Mexico (nationally representative)., Subjects: Children aged 2-5 years (n 1905) and 6-13 years (n 2868)., Results: Children consumed the majority of daily energy at home (89% of 2-5-year-olds; 82 % of 6-13-year-olds). The most common away-from-home eating location was school (22 % of 2-5-year-olds; 43 % of 6-13-year-olds), followed by the street (14 % of 2-5-year-olds; 13 % of 6-13-year-olds). The most common foods consumed away from home were wheat/rice and corn mixed dishes, sugar-sweetened beverages, pastries/candy/desserts, milk (2-5-year-olds only) and salty snacks (6-13-year-olds). Multivariate models showed that high-SES 2-5-year-olds consumed 14 % of daily energy away from home v. 8 % among low-SES 2-5-year-olds, and high-SES 6-13-year-olds consumed 21 % of daily energy away from home v. 14 % among low-SES 6-13 year-olds. There were no differences by urban residence., Conclusions: Among Mexican children, most foods and beverages were consumed at home. However, the percentage of foods consumed or purchased away from home increased with age and with SES.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Cross-sectional analysis of eating patterns and snacking in the US Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study 2008.
- Author
-
Deming DM, Reidy KC, Fox MK, Briefel RR, Jacquier E, and Eldridge AL
- Subjects
- Animals, Beverages, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet Surveys, Female, Fruit, Health Behavior, Humans, Infant, Infant Formula, Male, Mental Recall, Milk, Milk, Human, Nutritive Value, United States, Diet, Energy Intake, Snacks
- Abstract
Objective: To explore eating patterns and snacking among US infants, toddlers and pre-school children., Design: The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2008 was a cross-sectional national survey of children aged 6-47 months, weighted to reflect US age and racial/ethnic distributions. Dietary data were collected using one multiple-pass 24h recall. Eating occasions were categorized as meals, snacks or other (comprised of all feedings of breast milk and/or infant formula). The percentage of children consuming meals and snacks and their contribution to total energy, the number of snacks consumed per day, energy and nutrients coming from snacks and the most commonly consumed snacks were evaluated by age., Setting: A national sample of US infants, toddlers and pre-school children., Subjects: A total of 2891 children in five age groups: 6-8 months (n 249), 9-11 months (n 256), 12-23 months (n 925), 24-35 months (n 736) and 36-47 months (n 725)., Results: Snacks were already consumed by 37 % of infants beginning at 6 months; by 12 months of age, nearly 95 % were consuming at least one snack per day. Snacks provided 25 % of daily energy from the age of 12 months. Approximately 40 % of toddlers and pre-school children consumed fruit and cow's milk during snacks; about 25 % consumed 100 % fruit juice. Cookies were introduced early; by 24 months, 57 % consumed cookies or candy in a given day., Conclusions: Snacking is common, contributing significantly to daily energy and nutrient needs of toddlers and pre-school children. There is room for improvement, however, with many popular snacking choices contributing to excess sugar.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Whole grain in manufactured foods: Current use, challenges and the way forward.
- Author
-
Schaffer-Lequart C, Lehmann U, Ross AB, Roger O, Eldridge AL, Ananta E, Bietry MF, King LR, Moroni AV, Srichuwong S, Wavreille AS, Redgwell R, Labat E, and Robin F
- Subjects
- Consumer Behavior, Consumer Product Safety, Diet, Healthy, Dietary Fiber administration & dosage, Dietary Fiber analysis, Dietary Proteins administration & dosage, Dietary Proteins analysis, Energy Intake, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Nutrition Policy, Nutritive Value, Phytochemicals administration & dosage, Phytochemicals analysis, Taste, Food Handling, Whole Grains chemistry
- Abstract
Some countries now incorporate recommendations for increased consumption of whole grain (WG) into local dietary guidelines. Cereal and pseudo-cereal grains are good sources of complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, proteins, phytochemicals, vitamins and minerals. However, research shows that the large majority of consumers are still falling short of WG consumption goals. To address this, we are actively involved in research to help increase the WG content of processed foods without compromising on taste and texture. In order to ensure consumer trust, the advancement of process technologies in incorporating WG to produce tasty food has to go hand in hand with well designed clinical trials that confirm the health benefits resulting from diets rich in WG.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Urban-Rural Disparities in Energy Intake and Contribution of Fat and Animal Source Foods in Chinese Children Aged 4-17 Years.
- Author
-
Zhang J, Wang D, Eldridge AL, Huang F, Ouyang Y, Wang H, and Zhang B
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Animals, Asian People, Child, Child, Preschool, China, Diet Records, Diet Surveys, Female, Humans, Male, Meat, Dairy Products, Dietary Fats, Energy Intake, Rural Population, Urban Population
- Abstract
Objective: Excessive energy intake and poor food choices are major health concerns associated with overweight and obesity risk. This study aims to explore disparities in energy intake and the contributions from fat and animal source foods among Chinese school-aged children and adolescents in different communities based on urbanization levels., Design: Three consecutive 24 h recalls were used to assess dietary intake. Subjects' height and weight were measured using standard equipment. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect household demographic and socioeconomic characteristics by trained interviewers., Setting: The 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey is part of an ongoing longitudinal household survey across 228 communities in nine provinces and three mega-cities in China. Subjects consisted of children aged 4-17 years ( n = 1866; 968 boys and 898 girls)., Results: The estimated average energy intake was 1604 kcal/day (1706 kcal/day for boys and 1493 kcal/day for girls). Proportions of energy from fat and animal source foods were 36.8% and 19.8% respectively and did not differ by gender. Total energy intake showed no significant disparity, but the proportion of energy from fat and animal source foods increased with increasing urbanization levels and increasing household income level. The largest difference in consumption percentages between children in rural areas and those in highly urban areas was for milk and dairy products (14.8% versus 74.4%) and the smallest difference was seen in percent consuming meat and meat products (83.1% versus 97.1%)., Conclusions: Results of this study highlight the need for developing and implementing community-specific strategies to improve Chinese children's diet quality., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. J.Z., F.H., Y.O., H.W. and B.Z. are employees of the China Center Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Bejing, China. D.W. and A.L.E. are employed by NESTEC, S.A. at the Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Food Sources of Energy and Nutrients in Infants, Toddlers, and Young Children from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012.
- Author
-
Denney L, Afeiche MC, Eldridge AL, and Villalpando-Carrión S
- Subjects
- Animals, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Dietary Fiber administration & dosage, Dietary Proteins administration & dosage, Humans, Infant, Infant Formula chemistry, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Mental Recall, Mexico, Micronutrients administration & dosage, Milk chemistry, Milk, Human chemistry, Socioeconomic Factors, Diet, Energy Intake, Nutrition Surveys
- Abstract
Food sources of nutrients in Mexican children are not well known. To fill the knowledge gap, dietary intake was assessed in 2057 children using a 24-hour dietary recall. All reported foods and beverages were assigned to one of 76 food groups. Percent contribution of each food group to nutrient intake was estimated for four age groups: 0-5.9, 6-11.9, 12-23.9, and 24-47.9 months. Breast milk, infant formula, and cow's milk were the top sources of energy and nutrients, especially in younger groups. Among infants aged 6-11.9 months, the top food sources of energy included soups and stews, cookies, fruit, tortillas, eggs and egg dishes, and traditional beverages. The same foods plus sweetened breads, dried beans, and sandwiches and tortas were consumed as the top sources of energy among toddlers and young children. Milk, soups, and stews were the top contributors for all nutrients and tortillas, eggs, and egg dishes were among the top contributors for iron and zinc. This study showed that low nutrient-dense cookies, sweetened breads, and traditional beverages were among the core foods consumed early in life in Mexico. This compromises the intake of more nutritious foods such as vegetables and fortified cereals and increases the risk of obesity.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Breakfast Dietary Patterns among Mexican Children Are Related to Total-Day Diet Quality.
- Author
-
Afeiche MC, Taillie LS, Hopkins S, Eldridge AL, and Popkin BM
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Child, Preschool, Diet Surveys, Female, Humans, Male, Mexico, Diet standards, Energy Intake, Feeding Behavior, Meals
- Abstract
Background: Mexico has experienced shifts in food availability and consumption patterns over the past few decades from traditional diets to those containing more high-energy density foods, resulting in the development of unhealthful dietary patterns among children and adults. However, to our knowledge it is not known whether breakfast consumption patterns contribute to the overall daily diet of Mexican children. Objective: We examined total-day diet among breakfast consumers compared with breakfast skippers, identified and investigated breakfast dietary patterns in relation to energy and nutrient intakes at breakfast and across the day, and examined these patterns in relation to sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: With the use of nationally representative dietary data (one 24-h recall) from the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey, 3760 children aged 4-13 y were categorized into mutually exclusive breakfast patterns with the use of cluster analysis. The association between breakfast patterns and breakfast skippers with dietary intake at breakfast and for the total day was investigated with the use of multivariate linear regression. Results: Most children (83%) consumed breakfast. Six breakfast dietary patterns were identified (milk and sweetened breads, tortillas and beans, sweetened beverages, sandwiches and quesadillas, eggs, and cereal and milk) and reflected both traditional and more Westernized dietary patterns. Sugar-sweetened beverages were consumed across all patterns. Compared with all breakfast dietary patterns, breakfast skippers had the lowest intake of several nutrients of public health concern. Nutrients to limit that were high at breakfast tended to be high for the total day and vice versa for nutrients to encourage. Conclusions: There was not a single pattern that complied perfectly with the Mexican School Breakfast Guidelines, but changes such as increasing dietary fiber by encouraging more whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and beans and reducing sodium and sugar-sweetened beverages could support compliance with these targets and improve overall diet quality., (© 2017 American Society for Nutrition.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Snacking Among US Children: Patterns Differ by Time of Day.
- Author
-
Wang D, van der Horst K, Jacquier E, and Eldridge AL
- Subjects
- Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Nutrition Surveys, Diet statistics & numerical data, Energy Intake physiology, Nutritive Value physiology, Snacks
- Abstract
Objective: Evaluate foods and beverages consumed, and energy and nutrient densities that constitute morning, afternoon, and evening snacking periods among children in the US., Design: Evaluate snacking behavior using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2012., Participants: Children aged 4-8 and 9-13 years (n = 3,647)., Variables Measured: Self-reported foods and beverages reported as snacks were aggregated into morning (0:00-12:00 hours), afternoon (12:00-18:00 hours), and evening (18:00-24:00 hour) snacking periods., Analysis: Intakes and amounts consumed during different snacking periods were analyzed from per capita weighted averages using SAS 9.2 and SUDAAN software. Statistical differences were detected using Student t test for means and chi-square test for prevalence data., Results: Snacking contributed 25% of daily energy in both age groups, with the morning snacking period contributing the least energy. The most frequently consumed food groups across all snacking periods were water, snacks and sweets, nonalcoholic beverages, milk and dairy, and fruit. Nutrient densities varied among different snacking periods; the morning snack period for 4- to 8-year-olds was the most nutrient dense., Conclusions and Implications: Snacking is an important contributor to energy and nutrients in children's diets, but foods and beverages selected vary by time of day and age. Modifying snacking choices, especially in the afternoon, could improve the nutritional quality of children's diets., (Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Missing Lunch is Associated with Lower Intakes of Micronutrients from Foods and Beverages among Children and Adolescents in the United States.
- Author
-
Mathias KC, Jacquier E, and Eldridge AL
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Dietary Fiber administration & dosage, Dietary Sucrose administration & dosage, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Male, Nutrition Surveys, Sodium, Dietary administration & dosage, United States, Beverages, Diet, Food, Lunch, Micronutrients administration & dosage
- Abstract
Background: In the United States, the lunch meal contributes more than 20% of the daily intakes of most micronutrients for children and adolescents consuming lunch. Seven percent to 20% of children and adolescents in the United States do not eat lunch on a given day., Objective: To identify differences in total micro- and macronutrient intakes of children consuming and missing lunch on a given day., Design: Cross-sectional secondary analysis of the combined National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2009-2010 and 2011-2012. Dietary intake was assessed using the first day 24-hour recall of each respondent., Participants and Settings: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey sample represents the total noninstitutionalized civilian population residing in the United States. The sample used in this study included 4,755 children aged 4 to 18 years with complete data for all analyses., Main Outcome Measures: Total day, lunch, and nonlunch micronutrients, macronutrients, solid fats, and added sugar intakes were examined., Statistical Analyses Performed: Linear regression models controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, household poverty status, and weekend were used to compare dietary intakes of lunch consumers and nonconsumers. Intakes from nonlunch sources were examined to determine the extent to which differences between lunch consumers and nonconsumers could be attributed to the lunch meal., Results: Missing lunch was associated with lower micronutrient intakes, with the lunch meal primarily responsible for the higher micronutrient intakes of lunch consumers compared with nonconsumers. Missing lunch was also associated with lower energy, fiber, and sodium intakes. Added sugar and solid fat intakes of lunch consumers and nonconsumers were not significantly different., Conclusions: This study identifies potential concerns for children missing lunch with respect to micronutrient intakes and shows that the lunches consumed by children in the United States are an important source of essential nutrients, but also less healthful dietary components., (Copyright © 2016 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Food groups consumed by infants and toddlers in urban areas of China.
- Author
-
Yu P, Denney L, Zheng Y, Vinyes-Parés G, Reidy KC, Eldridge AL, Wang P, and Zhang Y
- Abstract
Background: Food consumption patterns of young children in China are not well known., Objective: Characterised food groups consumed by infants and young children in urban China using data from the Maternal Infant Nutrition Growth (MING) study., Design: One 24-h dietary recall was completed for 1,350 infants and young children (436 infants aged 6-11 months and 914 young children aged 12-35 months), who were recruited from maternal and child care centres in eight cities via face-to-face interviews with the primary caregiver. All foods, beverages and supplements reported were assigned to one of 64 food groups categorised into the following: milk and milk products, grains, vegetables, fruits, protein foods and desserts/sweets. The percentage of infants and young children consuming foods from specific food groups was calculated, regardless of the amount consumed., Results: Less than half of infants consumed breast milk (47%), whereas 59% of infants consumed infant formula and 53-75% of young children consumed growing-up (fortified) milk. Rice was the number one grain food consumed after 6 months (up to 88%) and the consumption of infant cereal was low. About 50% of infants did not consume any fruits or vegetables, and 38% of young children did not consume any fruits on the day of the recall. Only 40% of all children consumed dark green leafy vegetables and even fewer consumed deep yellow vegetables. Eggs and pork were the most commonly consumed protein foods., Conclusions: The data provide important insight for developing detailed food consumption guidelines for this population group. Mothers of infants should be encouraged to continue breastfeeding after the first 6 months. Parents should be advised to offer a wide variety of vegetables and fruits daily, particularly dark green leafy and deep yellow vegetables and colourful fruits. The consumption of fortified infant cereal should be advocated to improve the iron intake of Chinese infants.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Increased Snacking and Eating Occasions Are Associated with Higher Energy Intake among Mexican Children Aged 2-13 Years.
- Author
-
Taillie LS, Afeiche MC, Eldridge AL, and Popkin BM
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Linear Models, Male, Mexico, Multivariate Analysis, Nutrition Assessment, Nutritive Value, Socioeconomic Factors, Energy Intake, Feeding Behavior, Snacks
- Abstract
Background: Little is known about the dietary behaviors of Mexican children with regard to frequency, amount, and quality of foods consumed at eating occasions and their impact on total daily energy intake., Objectives: The objectives were to 1) describe foods consumed across eating occasions and 2) examine whether the number or type of total eating occasions was associated with increased total daily energy intake and differed between 2- to 5-y-old and 6- to 13-y-old Mexican children., Methods: A nationally representative sample of 5031 children from the 2012 ENSANUT (Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición) was used to examine the percentage of meals and snacks consumed, mean energy intake from meals and snacks, and the top food groups contributing to meals and snacks. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine the association between meals, snacks, and total eating occasions with daily energy intake for 2- to 5-y-old and 6- to 13-y-old children., Results: Eating patterns were similar across age groups (per capita mean intake of 3 meals and 1.4-1.6 snacks/d). Each additional snack was associated with greater increases in mean daily energy for older children (+191-289 kcal/d; P < 0.01) relative to younger children (+102-130 kcal/d; P < 0.01). Likewise, each additional eating occasion was associated with greater increases in mean daily energy for older children (+323 kcal/d; P < 0.01) relative to younger children (+166-261 kcal/d; P < 0.01). In both younger and older children, snacking was prevalent (75% and 68%, respectively). Top food contributors to snacks included fruit, salty snacks, candy, sweetened breads, and cookies. Among older children, whole milk as a snack was partially replaced with soda and sweetened fruit drinks., Conclusion: Snacks represent an area for potential improvement in the diets of Mexican children, especially among those aged 6 to 13 y, for whom each additional snack or eating occasion was linked to even greater increases in total daily energy intake., (© 2015 American Society for Nutrition.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. ILSI Brazil International Workshop on Functional Foods: a narrative review of the scientific evidence in the area of carbohydrates, microbiome, and health.
- Author
-
Latulippe ME, Meheust A, Augustin L, Benton D, Berčík P, Birkett A, Eldridge AL, Faintuch J, Hoffmann C, Jones JM, Kendall C, Lajolo F, Perdigon G, Prieto PA, Rastall RA, Sievenpiper JL, Slavin J, and de Menezes EW
- Abstract
To stimulate discussion around the topic of 'carbohydrates' and health, the Brazilian branch of the International Life Sciences Institute held the 11th International Functional Foods Workshop (1-2 December 2011) in which consolidated knowledge and recent scientific advances specific to the relationship between carbohydrates and health were presented. As part of this meeting, several key points related to dietary fiber, glycemic response, fructose, and impacts on satiety, cognition, mood, and gut microbiota were realized: 1) there is a need for global harmonization of a science-based fiber definition; 2) low-glycemic index foods can be used to modulate the postprandial glycemic response and may affect diabetes and cardiovascular outcomes; 3) carbohydrate type may influence satiety and satiation; glycemic load and glycemic index show links to memory, mood, and concentration; 4) validated biomarkers are needed to demonstrate the known prebiotic effect of carbohydrates; 5) negative effects of fructose are not evident when human data are systematically reviewed; 6) new research indicates that diet strongly influences the microbiome; and 7) there is mounting evidence that the intestinal microbiota has the ability to impact the gut-brain axis. Overall, there is much promise for development of functional foods that impact the microbiome and other factors relevant to health, including glycemic response (glycemic index/glycemic load), satiety, mood, cognition, and weight management.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Glucose and insulin do not decrease in a dose-dependent manner after increasing doses of mixed fibers that are consumed in muffins for breakfast.
- Author
-
Willis HJ, Thomas W, Eldridge AL, Harkness L, Green H, and Slavin JL
- Subjects
- Adult, Body Mass Index, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Energy Intake, Female, Food, Fortified, Glycemic Index, Humans, Linear Models, Male, Postprandial Period, Young Adult, Blood Glucose analysis, Dietary Fiber administration & dosage, Insulin blood
- Abstract
Conventional wisdom suggests that fiber consumption leads to lower postprandial glucose and insulin response. We hypothesized that increasing doses of mixed, viscous fiber would lower glucose and insulin levels in a dose-dependent manner. Healthy men (n = 10) and women (n = 10) with a body mass index of 24 ± 2 (mean ± SEM) participated in this double-blind, crossover study. On 4 separate visits, fasting subjects consumed an approximately 2093 kJ (500 calorie) muffin with 0, 4, 8, or 12 g of mixed fibers. Blood was drawn to measure glucose and insulin at regular intervals throughout a 3-hour test period. Area under the curve (AUC) glucose was significantly lower after 0 g of fiber than after 4, 8, or 12 g of fiber (arbitrary AUC units ± SEM: 25.3 ± 5.2 vs 44.6 ± 7.7, 49.7 ± 7.9, 51.5 ± 6.6, respectively; P < .006). Area under the curve glucose increased with increasing fiber doses (P for trend = .0003). Area under the curve insulin was higher after the 4-g dose than after the 0-, 8-, and 12-g doses (arbitrary AUC units ± SEM: 84.4 ± 8.0 vs 60.1 ± 6.5, 69.4 ± 8.7, 69.7 ± 8.5, respectively; P < .05); it did not change in a dose-dependent manner. Area under the curve glucose and AUC insulin did not correlate with each other. Glucose and insulin did not decrease in a dose-dependent manner after 0, 4, 8, and 12 g of mixed fibers were consumed in muffins for breakfast. The lack of differences was largely based on the individual variation in glucose response. Caution should be used when making general claims about the expected impact of fiber on glucose and insulin levels., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The relationship of ready-to-eat cereal consumption to nutrient intake, blood lipids, and body mass index of children as they age through adolescence.
- Author
-
Albertson AM, Affenito SG, Bauserman R, Holschuh NM, Eldridge AL, and Barton BA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Aging blood, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Child, Cholesterol blood, Cholesterol, HDL blood, Cholesterol, LDL blood, Dietary Fiber administration & dosage, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Micronutrients administration & dosage, Nutritive Value, Obesity prevention & control, Triglycerides blood, Body Mass Index, Child Nutrition Sciences education, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena physiology, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Edible Grain, Feeding Behavior physiology, Lipids blood
- Abstract
Objective: To examine sex differences and longitudinal changes in ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal and breakfast consumption in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children, and the relationship between RTE cereal intake with nutrient intake, blood lipids, and body mass index (BMI)., Design: Secondary analyses based on data from Dietary Intervention Study in Children, a randomized, controlled, multicenter, clinical trial with five sets of three 24-hour recalls., Subjects/setting: Children (n=660) from six clinics aged 8 to 10 years at study entry. Participants had serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels between the 80th and 98th percentiles for age, and were followed for a mean of 7.5 years., Intervention: Children were randomized to a total fat- and saturated fat-modified dietary intervention or usual care., Statistical Analyses: Frequency of RTE cereal and breakfast consumption was examined by sex and age. Mixed models by sex were used to examine the relationship of RTE cereal consumption to average daily intake of nutrients, blood lipids, and BMI., Results: For all children, RTE cereal and breakfast consumption declined with age. Boys consumed RTE cereal more often compared with girls. Except for energy, RTE cereal consumption was positively associated with all measures of nutrients for both sexes. In boys, higher RTE cereal consumption was associated with lower total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and lower BMI., Conclusions: Food and nutrition professionals should continue to educate youth and their parents on the nutritional benefits of routinely eating RTE cereal.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.