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High handgrip strength in men’s artistic gymnastics is crucial, mainly for improving performance and to potentially prevent injuries, as well as for the fact that gymnasts body movements are around immovable apparatuses (pommel horse, rings, parallel bars and high bar) for the extended period of time. Since there are not so many studies that have dealt with this topic and on actual competition, we have aimed to examine the handgrip strength influence on the competition result in elite male artistic gymnasts. The sample of participants were conducted of 37 elite male artistic gymnasts (8–21 years old), from 8 different countries as national team competitors at the International Competition “Laza Krstić and Marica Dželatović” held in Novi Sad, Serbia. Basic anthropometric measurements were included (body height, body weight and Body Mass Index (BMI)), along with training experience and handgrip strength measurement (both dominant and nondominant hand). Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z test (p < 0.05) was used for distribution normality, along with regression analysis with Model 1 (participants age, training experience, body height, body weight and BMI), Model 2 (Model 1 + dominant handgrip strength) and Model 3 (Model 1 + nondominant handgrip strength). SPSS v.20 was used for all statistical analysis. Our study have revealed that there is significant influence of all 3 Models on the parallel bars final result (p = 0.033; p = 0.049; p = 0.031, respectively), in terms of all set of variables, whereas body weight Beta scores (28.6%; 30.3%; 32.7%, respectively) moslty explains the results. Both dominant and nondominant handgrip strength are influential factors only on the parallel bars final result. Since both hands are contributing equally, bilateral training is necessary. In order to expand the knowledge on this topic and completely understand the influential factors, future studies are needed on this sample. Regardless of our main findings, our results should be taken with caution.

Restricting movement for the population and the impact of preventative measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic have spurred research interests in analyzing the healthy lifestyle of the student population. The aim of the study was to examine gender differences between students in physical activity, and the perceptions of physical fitness and well-being during lock-down due to COVID-19. The sample consisted of male (n=268; 25.9%; age 22.56±2.12) and female students (n=768; 74.1%; age 22.12±1.73) at the University of Sarajevo (UNSA). The questionnaire included questions and scales constructed to measure: physical activity, physical fitness, and the acute effects on well-being. χ² independence test were used to determine gender differences (p.05); 65% of male and 58% of female students reported a decline in physical fitness and significant gender differences were found (p.05). Although gender differences in physical activity disappeared during the early phase of COVID-19 and lockdown measures, a more pronounced decrease in physical fitness was present in female students. The reported physical activity had equally positive acute effects on students' well-being.

This research aimed to determine the differences between the junior (U20) water polo players of national teams of Montenegro, and Australia regarding their anthropometric characteristics and body composition. The first sub-sample of the subjects consisted of 18 water polo players of the Montenegrin national team, who occupied the sixth position on the FINA World Men’s Junior Water Polo Championship in Kuwait 2019. The second sub-sample consisted of 13 water polo players of the Australian national team, who occupied the eleventh position on the championship. The players were tested at the final preparations just before the World Championship. Anthropometric characteristics were evaluated using a battery of eight tests: body height, body weight, triceps skinfold, biceps skinfold, skinfold of the back, abdominal skinfold, upper-leg skinfold, lower leg skinfold; body composition was evaluated using a battery of three tests: body mass index, fat percentage, and muscle mass. The results of the t-test revealed that the water polo players of the two national teams do not have statistically significant differences in the variables. The results obtained in this research showed average team values for the estimated variables of water polo players of the two national teams (U20) who participated in the World Championship. That can serve as possible model parameters for all teams who want to participate in the U20 water polo World Championship. Differences in classification among water polo players may be related to the motor abilities, as well as technical and tactical parameters, as their anthropometric parameters were found to be similar.

Closure of all educational institutions as well as various facilities for sports and recreation, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the adoption of social movement restrictions, impaired the possibility of maintaining healthy living habits of the student population. The aim of this research was to identify changes in healthy living habits and exercise approach of sports-active female students, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to prevent possible harmful consequences on their physical fitness level. The sample of respondents were female students (n=110; 22.1±1.69 years of age), who stated that they were active members of various sports clubs during the period before the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey questionnaire was used in the study to assess a healthy lifestyle. The analysis of the obtained answers within the survey questionnaire was evaluated in relation to the percentage values of the frequencies of these answers. The results indicate that the level of regular and planned physical exercise of sports-active female students decreased by 41.7% during the COVID-19 pandemic, and that the level of their physical condition decreased by 38.2%. Changes in eating habits were recorded in 50% of female sportsactive female students, while 36.3% of them reported changes in weight gain. The largest number of sportsactive female students practiced basic exercises for body shaping, relaxation and stretching (89.2%) and strength exercises with own body weight as load intensity (82.4%). Accordingly, it is also necessary to find possible ways, in order to raise awareness of the importance of maintaining their sports and healthy living habits. This primarily refers to maintaining their healthy physical condition, which is also related to their eating habits, as well as preventing the possible occurrence of undesirable health conditions. Such different approaches may apply to all future pandemic conditions, or similar life-threatening conditions.

The aim of the research was to determine correlations between body composition and situational motor movements in football. The sample consisted of 22 respondents (16-18 years of age, 179.6 ± 5.0 cm, 71.2 ± 7.2 kg), selected from junior football players that compete at the highest competition level for this category in Bosnia and Herzegovina. For the purposes of this research, a set of 7 variables was used. The Pearson correlation coeffi cient determined a medium high correlation between explosive strength of sprint type - running at 10m with body weight (r = .473; p

The aim of this paper is to determine the differences in the level of morphological characteristics, speed abilities and aerobic endurance according to the team positions of top female football players. The study included 18 female football players (age 21.33±3.67, body mass index 20.94±1.95). Female football players are classified under the following team positions: defenders (n = 7; 23±16.4 years), midfielders (n = 6, 20.5±14.3 years) and attackers (n = 5; 20±31.3 years). The following tests were used: 0-5m sprint (s), 0-10m sprint (s), 0-20m sprint (s), 0-30m sprint (s) and Beep test. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on the ratio of body weight (kg) and body height (cm). Based on the Beep test, the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) was calculated and presented in its relative value (ml/kg/min). The attackers had a higher body height (170.1±7.46) and weight (59.60±8.84) than those playing in midfield and defense positions. Also, the attackers were faster in the sprint on the 5m (1.17±.06), 10m (1.91±.06), 20m (3.27±.10) and 30m (4.51±.17) than female players in midfield and defense positions. Midfield players had higher level of VO2max (50.03±2.69) than female players in defensive and offensive team positions. Test results of univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there are significant differences in the level of morphological features, speed and aerobic endurance capabilities between the top female football players, regardless of their team position (p>0.05). It is obvious that good speed abilities on short sprint sections as well as high level of aerobic endurance at high intensity are required regardless of players team position in the women’s football. It is important to note that selection for team positions can not only be based on morphological characteristics, speed abilities and aerobic endurance of players. Also, tactical tasks as well as technical characteristics of players need to be considered for selection of team positions in the women’s football.

Study aim was to compare and reevaluate effects of additional strength training program in football players after eight week application. Program was design to increase power and strength of knee extensors and flexors using neuromuscular adaptation. In overall, 18 senior level football players completed intervention in preparation period executing program as part of warm up 2-3 times per week. Using t-test for dependent samples statistical significance of the possible change was evaluated in peak torque, total and average work changes measured using Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. All measuring procedures were done for both limbs. Results are suggesting that statistically significant change observed in both limbs for the peak power output and average work load in flexion and extension, respectively. Other research papers are suggesting that increase of power and strength of knee muscles can help in preventing of injurie occurrence. LCA injurie can be prevention when femoral biceps strength is increase. This training modality based on neuromuscular adaptation is noninvasive with good effects in performance increase. Using training loads with body weight intensity is a good way to establish prevention to possible knee injurie with simultaneous power increase, with minimum of chance to reach unwanted overtraining.

The aim of this paper is to determine the level of improvement of motor skills of female volleyball players influenced by kinesiology operators in a period of 6 months. Research was conducted on sample subject of 130 female volleyball players aged from 13±0.6 (mean±SD). Sample variables are divided in two groups: 9 variables of assessment of basic motor skills and 5 variables of assessment of situational motor skills. Analysing difference of arithmetic means between of initial and final measures of treated variables it is determined that there is statistically significant difference on the level Sig=0.001, except for variables of Jelka test which determinates speed duration of female volleyball players. Analysis of quantity changes of basic motor skills, shows that the most important projections on selected discriminative function of basic motor skills have the following variables: body lifting in 30 sec; dynamometry of a hand, hand tapping; pull-up; throwing a 1 kg ball from lying position; side defence movement; push-up on bars and situational motor skill are the variables: precision of tactic serving; consecutive bumping; wall-spikes. Comprehensive development of female volleyball players and diversity in the level of volleyball specialization of the development will depend on systematic work on treated motor skills. This program appeared to be efficient. However, it is necessary to gradually increase the demands for the female volleyball players and to put the accent on performance of acquired situational motor skills in future work.

The aim of this research is to establish a relation in-between the basic physical capabilities and the theoretic knowledge laws of the game with the success in refereeing of football referees of the Sarajevo Canton. The population from which samples were taken are football referees of the Sarajevo Canton, 90 of them, age span from 18- 45 years of age and who have met the criteria for getting a license to be referees in football matches in the next season at all levels of competition in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The sample of variables in this research covers areas of basic motorics (18), theoretic knowledge laws of the games (17) and the estimate of success in refereeing in football games (7) variables. The results of the final analysis show that the whole system of variables which in this research represent basic physical capabilities and the knowledge Laws of the game by the football referees of the Sarajevo Canton has a statistical connection with the system of variables which in this research makes the success of refereeing of football referees. Since football is an activity that has almost the most complexity (referees are a part of football), we can say that the selected system of variables has a relatively good connection for success and that these variables are very important in order for one referee to perform his task as good as possible at one match.. Of course during the training process attention should be given on the development of all basic physical capabilities, and not only one dimension of the physical area because in general we have to be physically and cognitively be present in order to finish the game at a high rhythm but making mistakes the least as possible

The basic aim of the research was to determine the partial and general quantitative changes (differences) of morphological characteristics that developed as a result of a specifically programmed transformational procedure in the period of six months icluding 72 training units.This research work was carried out on the sample group of football players, 14 to 16 years of age (cadets) , registered members of football clubs in the area of Srednjobosanski canton. The research applies a set of 9 variables of morphological characteristics for the evaluation of longitudinal, transverse and circular skeletal dimensionality and body mass. The analysis of possible changes (differences) between the initial and final measurements of morphological characteristics has been performed using canonic discriminant analysis and T-test for dependent sample. On the basis of obtained values of the T-test it has been established that there occurred significant postitive changes (partial transformational quantitative effects) in all the variables applied in the field of morphological characteristics as a result of the applied football programme. On the basis of obtained values of canonic discriminant analysis it has been established that the transformational programmed procedure (defined football programme) didn't result in any statistically significant general quantitative changes in the field of morphological characteristics, and that there occurred no significant discriminative function.

Target of this research was to analyse levels of transformation of situational motoric abilities and their level of developement in 12 – 14 years young soccer players. Research analysis was made on results of initial and fi nal status of sample of 11 variables which mesured situational motoric abilities. Global quantitative transformation developement levels were estimated by discriminative analysis. The concept of training program allways had a goal to solve a problem from the game which occured in past played games in competition. Duration of training program was six months, planed with 72 training units and 8 games in organized soccer league competition for 12 – 14 years young soccer players. Discriminative analysis resulted with signiticant quantitative impovement in variables which determined power shoots at the ball, coordination and techniqual manipulation with the ball, and shooting leg precision abilities.