Search

Reproductive behaviours are crucial to the stimulation of genital. Aim of this study to access to reproductive behaviours of Scotophilus kuhlii including genital grooming, sniff, and licking in Siddharth Nagar. Furthermore, the morphometric variation including scrotum length of male, body mass was access in reproductively and non-reproductively active of Asiatic lesser Yellow bat, S. kuhlii at various districts from 2016 to 2018 in Uttar Pradesh, India. Video recorder used for access reproductive behaviour and Mist net used for captured for access the morphometric variation. Our result indicates that a total of 34hours have been observed behabiour of S. kuhlii such as genital grooming, urogenital sniffing, urogenital licking by a male were increased in February, after which gradually decreases. While vaginal licking by a pregnant female was maximum performed in April. The body mass of pregnant females was gradually increased until birth while scrotum length of a male maximum length size in February and minimum in November. The females gave birth to two pups in the last week of May. Newborn pups red-brownish in colour back and light pink belly which closed eyes and hairless. We conclude reproductive behaviour was important to make a success of the reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine the heavy metal concentration by using feathers of Ardeola grayii from different area of Lucknow. The metals analysed are: cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, manganese and zinc from different sites in Lucknow during September 2016 to February 2019. In all five sites (S1 to S5), for all five metals there were statistically significant variations of metal concentration in feathers of Ardeola grayii. Mn (17.8 ± 2.37) and Zn(48.17± 0.8) concentrations in feathers of Ardeola grayii were relatively higher, but mercury was not present any sample of feather. In the all five sites heavy metals present in order: Zn>Mn>Cr>Cd>. This study suggested that feather is used as non-invasive tool for metal concentration in feeding and breeding area of Ardeola grayii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four eco-races of eri silkworm, Sarnia ricini (DONOVAN) namely Borduar, Mendipathar, Titabar and Dhanubhanga were selected to study the effect temperature and relative humidity on moth emergence and egg fecundity. These eco-races were subjected to different temperature and r elative humidity treatments. The effect of temperature and relative humidity was observed in moth emergence, egg fecundity, larval duration, larval weight, single cocoon weight, single shell weight and shell ratio during winter 2009 and spring 2010 rearing. There was no significant difference among the eco-races of eri silkworm on moth emergence during winter 2009 (F3,11= 0.82, P > 0.05) and spring 2010 (F3,11 = 0.18, P > 0.05) rearing seasons but there was a significant difference on moth emergence between winter and spring seasons (t = 4.33, P < 0.05). The outcome of the study clearly shows the effect of temperature and relative humidity on moth emergence, egg fecundity, larval duration, larval weight, single cocoon weight, single shell weight and shell ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rearing performance of different eco-races of eri silkworm Philosamia ricini was studied during autumn season of year 2006 and 2007. The rearing performances of different eco-races of eri silkworm such as Borduar, Titabar, Dhanubhanga and Mendipathar were analyzed based on their hatching (%), larval duration (d), weight of full grown larvae (g), yield (by number and weight), cocoon weight (g), shell weight (g), shell ratio (%), cocoon shape variability, pupal period (d), pupation rate (%), and leaf silk conversion rate (%). The Borduar eco-race of P. ricini showed better rearing performance than Titabar, Dhanubhanga and Mendipathar eco-races. The rearing parameters such as weight of full grown larvae, yield (by number and weight of larvae), cocoon weight, shell weight, shell ratio, cocoon shape variability and pupation rate differed statistically among different eco-races of eri silkworm. The temperature and relative humidity during autumn season of year 2006 and 2007 favoured the rearing of all different eco-races of eri silkworm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reproductive behaviour and population dynamics of Indian Flying Fox Pteropus giganteus were studied in a maternal colony in Uttar Pradesh. About 300 individuals of P. giganteus roosted in the maternal colony during early spring before the colony expanded during a period of pair formation and mass copulation, after which the colony size declined gradually to reach apparent stability. General maintenance behaviours such as wing fanning, wing stretching, grooming, locomotion, sleeping, urination and defecation were observed, along with social behaviours including antagonistic vocal display, courting females and copulation. Two modes of copulatory behaviour—frontal and dorsal—were observed. Courtship displays and copulatory behaviours were observed throughout the day at the diurnal roost. Peak copulation was observed between 1000 and 1200 hr and on average each mating held for 90±19.5 sec. P. giganteus used auditory, olfactory and tactile communications during pre and post-copulation periods. In contrast to earlier reports, we observed two mating cycles: spring and autumn. Female bats involved in copulation during the spring season gave birth at the beginning of June. Lactating females retained their pups for three months. Postpartum females were observed to leave their first cohort and become involved in pair formation and copulation during the autumn reproductive season of the same year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mukesh Kumar, Yuvana S. Priya, Virendra Mathur, Harendra Kumar, and Vadamalai Elangovan (2016) The ultrastructural hair morphology of 09 insectivorous bats such as Pipistrellus coromandra , P. ceylonicus , Scotophilus kuhlii , S. heathii , Hipposideros fulvus , H. lankadiva , Megaderma lyra , Rhinopoma micorphyllum and R. hardwickii were examined through scanning electron microscope to validate the use of hair characteristics as supplemental taxonomic tools for species recognition. The results suggest that the hair characteristics such as scale cuticle, divergence from the shaft and degree of hastateness varied among different species of bats. The coronal divergent scale was found in P. coromandra , P. ceylonicus , H. fulvus , and H. lankadiva while coronal divaricate scale was found in R. micorphyllum and R. hardwickii . However, imbricate type of scale was found in S. kuhlii , S. heathii and M. lyra with different degree of hastateness among them. The different types of hastateness found among these insectivorous bats include unequal hastate, equal hastate, alternate, elongate, rounded, simple, denticulate, acuminate and cusped. The hair characteristics such as hair length, scale length, scale width, scale index and width index differed among different species. However, there was no difference in the structure of scales among dorsal, ventral and neck hairs. The ultrastructural diverseness in the hair morphology of different insectivorous species suggests that the structural features of hairs could be used for species recognition.