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Nanosorbent NiFe2O4@g-C3N4 was produced via green and ultrasonication methods to remove oxytetracycline (OTC) from aqueous solutions. The prepared material was analyzed using powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The adsorption capacity of the NiFe2O4@g-C3N4 nanosorbent for OTC decontamination was studied using a batch experiment under various parameters. The adsorption capacity was notably increased to 1634 mg g−1 under fixed experimental conditions. The kinetic and isothermal analyses were conducted using several optimal pH and temperature models. The adsorption kinetics graphs aligned with the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting chemical adsorption via electrostatic interactions. The adsorption isotherm curves aligned more closely with the Langmuir model than the Temkin and Freundlich models, suggesting a monolayer adsorption mechanism. The adsorption mechanism was clearly elucidated using FTIR investigations. The results of the study indicate that NiFe2O4@g-C3N4 nanosorbent is a promising candidate for specific elimination of OTC on many different levels for the treatment of wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the extensive research conducted on the antimony borate glasses, further investigation is required to explore their structural characteristics when Sb2O3 replaces B2O3 in the presence of rare-earth metal oxide. Herein, the structure and properties of xSb2O3·(99-x)B2O3·1Tb4O7 (30 ≤ x ≤ 70 mol%) were investigated. The infrared (IR) spectra exhibited that there is a remarkable increase in the relative area of the absorption 800–1200 cm−1 region. This is associated with nearly constant density values, despite the heavier Sb2O3 replacing the lighter B2O3. While the molar volume is decreased with the Sb2O3 content, the oxygen packing density is decreased. These findings are related to the structural units belonging to Sb2O3. The type of these units depends on the oxidation of Sb3+ into Sb5+ through the supply of oxygen atoms from the surroundings at high melting temperatures. While Sb3+ acts as a glass network former ion through the formation of [SbO3E] and/or [SbO4E−] (where E is the 5s2 lone-pair of electrons), Sb5+ acts as a modifier ion to convert [SbO3E] into [SbO4E−] units through the formation of [SbO6], similarly to the conversion of [BO3] into [BO4̅] in B2O3 glasses. These structural units are likely contributing to the FTIR absorption 800–1200 cm−1 region, such that its relative area is considered to be the sum of the four-coordinated B atoms [BO4−] (N4) and four-coordinated Sb atoms [SbO4E−] (Sb4). These negative units compensate for the positive terbium ions (Tb3+), thus generating single-doped green phosphor for light-emitting-diode (LED) applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explores the influence of Cobalt oxide nanoparticles(Co3O4 NPs) on the physicochemical characteristics of Poly(vinylalcohol)/ Chitosan (PVA/Cs) blend. Using a variety of techniques, the pure blend and the nanocomposites' composition, structure, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties, and antibacterial activity were characterized. The Co3O4 NPs were produced by precipitation method utilizing cobalt salt as the raw material. The crystalline nature of the nanoparticles and semi-crystalline behavior of the PVA/Cs are demonstrated by the XRD data. Adding nanoparticles to the pure blend reduced the intensity of the semi-crystalline. The rise in absorption intensity observed in UV-visible spectra upon the incorporation of Co3O4 NPs into the PVA/Cs blend indicates an improved dispersion of the nanoparticles within the blend. When Co3O4 NPs are added, the energy band-gap Egdir and Egind of PVA/Cs–Co3O4 samples greatly decrease. According to TGA data, the thermal stability of nanocomposites was significantly higher than that of the PVA/Cs blend, and it rose as the concentration of nanoparticles increased. When compared to neat PVA/Cs film, mechanical property investigation of PVA/Cs–Co3O4 nanocomposites films revealed enhanced features. The effectiveness of the PVA/Cs–Co3O4 nanocomposite films in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms was assessed by evaluating their antimicrobial activity (ANMAC) against a range of bacteria and fungi. The inclusion of Co3O4 NPs led to an increase in activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria as well as fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger (C. albicans and A. niger). The addition of Co3O4 NPs to the PVA/Cs blend effectively improved the material's optical, thermal, mechanical, and antibacterial properties. This remarkable improvement stems from the Co3O4 NPs, which were introduced into the PVA/Cs blend in different amounts, leading to the development of novel nanocomposites. The outstanding properties of Co3O4/PVA/Cs nanocomposite films suggest their potential for applications in optoelectronics and food packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study used La-Co3O4@g-C3N4 nanostructures (LCoCN) produced by ultrasonic-and sol-gel processes to remove Co (II) ions from aqueous solutions. The successful development of the composite was verified by XRD which revealed both nitride and metal oxides phases. The EDX and XPS study confirmed its elemental composition from the blended precursors. LCoCN nanostructures demonstrated a minute pore volume of 0.72 cm3.g−1 and a specific surface area of 33.677 m2/g. In addition, at a pH of 5.0, LCoCN demonstrated exceptional adsorption efficacy for Co (II). The Langmuir isotherm equilibrium was observed during the adsorption of Co (II), and it is estimated that the theoretical maximal adsorption capacity of Co (II) is 573.6 mg/g. The high precision with which the pseudo-first-order model describes the kinetic constant for Co ion adsorption onto LCoCN nanostructures is highlighted by its excellent fit to the experimental data. Thus, assessment of the adsorption potential of LCoCN in this work presented its satisfactory inherent potential with great adsorption aptitude to eliminate cobalt ions from aqueous solution demonstrating its practical applicability as an adsorbent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study a ternary composite MgO–TiO2@g-C3N4 was synthesized via a simplistic ultrasonic route and then it was characterized using various techniques. The development of tri-phased nanostructure was revealed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) study confirmed the presence of the constituent elements while the bonding patterns were investigated by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The as-acquired MgO–TiO2@g-C3N4 heterojunction exhibited an optimal competence (94%) and enhanced photo-degradation rate constant towards the Alizarin Red S (ARS) dye in just 60 min under visible-light illumination. The heterostructured combined interfaces assembly of g-C3N4 and MgO–TiO2 NPs, have efficiently prompted the photo-excited charges separation, and blocked the recombination incidence. Henceforth, the prolonged lifetime has led to incessant generation of photoactive− species that ultimately upgraded the photo-degradation process. Furthermore, the fabricated hybrid photocatalysts showed superior recycling stability. A plausible photocatalytic reaction mechanism based on the S-scheme has been proposed. The advanced photocatalytic competence to degrade the AR dye under visible light irradiation makes MgO–TiO2@g-C3N4 a favorable photocatalyst for the dye-containing wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ba ions were successfully adsorbed using green NiFe2O4-NPs that were generated using Foeniculum vulgare seeds extract. To investigate the structural and textural characteristics of the adsorbent powder, X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transformer infrared (FTIR), and scanning/transmission electron microscopy (SEM) examinations were conducted. The FTIR and EDX investigations revealed the formation of NiFe2O4-NPs as indicated by the elemental composition and the bonding patterns. Some remarkable properties, including the growth of crystallite size and lattice parameters, were reached due to the extract addition, as revealed further by XRD examination. The sorption results were consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model, and the kinetic data were in accordance with pseudo-second-order kinetics. As a result of the electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged NiFe2O4-NPs surface and the positively charged Ba (II) ions, the adsorption process improved significantly above pHzc. The NiFe2O4 nanostructures with high competence for Ba2+ adsorption could be nominated to abolish additional harmful metal cations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a V@TiO2 nanocomposite is examined for its ability to eliminate carcinogenic Rhodamine (Rh-B) dye from an aqueous medium. A simple ultrasonic method was used to produce the nanosorbent. In addition, V@TiO2 was characterized using various techniques, including XRD, HRTEM, XPS, and FTIR. Batch mode studies were used to study the removal of Rh-B dye. In the presence of pH 9, the V@TiO2 nanocomposite was able to remove Rh-B dye to its maximum extent. A correlation regression of 0.95 indicated that the Langmuir model was a better fit for dye adsorption. Moreover, the maximum adsorption capacity of the V@TiO2 nanocomposite was determined to be 158.8 mg/g. According to the thermodynamic parameters, dye adsorption followed a pseudo-first-order model. Based on the results of the study, a V@TiO2 nanocomposite can be reused for dye removal using ethanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the electronic properties of (C2H7N4O)2BiCl5 using the density functional theory (DFT) method, which was compared with the experimental data. The band structure of the compound indicated that it is a direct semiconductor with a band gap energy of 3.54 eV, which was comparable with the value (3.20 eV) obtained experimentally from the UV–vis spectroscopy. The density of state study showed that the conduction band was formed mainly by Bi 6p, C 2p, and N 2p states, while the valence band was formed mainly by Cl 2p, O 2p, and N 2p states. Hirshfeld surface analysis and enrichment ratio (E) were further used to investigate and quantify the intermolecular interactions within the compound. These studies established that the most important role in the stability of the structure of this crystalline material was provided by hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions. The crystalline morphology of the compound was determined using BFDH simulation, based on the single-crystal structure result. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to study the vibrational modes of carbamoyl-ganidinium cations. The charge transfer process within the anionic chains of [BiCl5]∝, studied using photoluminescence spectroscopy, resulted in a broad emission band with two positions of maxima centered at 336 and 358 nm. This work offers a good understanding of the optical, structural, as well as the electrical properties of (C2H7N4O)2BiCl5, which are necessary in its applications in areas such as multifunctional magnetic, optoelectronic, and photonic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]