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Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) is characterized by a disorder on chromosome 11p15, whose loci have growth-regulating genes. Among the numerous clinical features such anterior abdominal wall defects, omphalocele and genital abnormalities, the most prevalent is macroglossia, which can lead to disturbances in craniofacial growth. This report brings a case of a 9-year-old male child with the syndrome treated at the School of Dentistry, State University of Western Paraná, Brazil. It was suggested that observed dental abnormalities, along with the commonly features described in the literature, may be a part of the broad spectrum of the syndrome.

O sucesso da movimentação dentária em dentes traumatizados depende da severidade da injuria, sendo a reabsorção radicular uma consequência indesejável e possível de ocorrer antes, durante e após o tratamento ortodôntico. Além disso o status hormonal do paciente tem um grande impacto na conduta do profissional, uma vez que pode influenciar diretamente o sucesso do tratamento ortodôntico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da movimentação dentária induzida e da deficiência de testosterona sobre a taxa de movimentação dentária e estrutura histológica de dentes traumatizados. Foram utilizados 24 ratos machos Wistar, separados em 4 grupos experimentais (n=6 animais/grupo): MDI: composto por animais que foram submetidos a movimentação dentária induzida (MDI); MDI+CAST: composto por animais que foram submetidos à MDI e orquidectomia bilateral; MDI+TD: composto por animais que foram submetidos à MDI e ao traumatismo dentário e MDI+CAST+TD: composto por animais que foram submetidos à MDI, ao TD e a orquidectomia bilateral. Após o período experimental os animais foram eutanasiados, pesados e as maxilas foram retiradas, fixadas em formol a 10%, descalcificadas, cortadas a 5 µm e coradas com hematoxilina e eosina. Ao final do período experimental não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas no ganho de peso corporal dos animais. A orquidectomia aumentou a taxa de MDI nos animais dos grupos MDI+CAST e MDI+CAST+TD, quando comparado aos demais grupos experimentais, sendo que a maior taxa de movimentação foi observada nos animais do grupo MDI+CAST+TD. Histologicamente, em todos os animais submetidos a movimentação ortodôntica foi observada a presença de células inflamatórias no ligamento periodontal e osteoclastos ao redor do osso alveolar. Em todos os grupos foram experimentais foram observadas lacunas de reabsorção radicular. Nos animais controle (MDI) as reabsorções foram leves afetando apenas a estrutura do cemento. Nos grupos MDI+CAST e MDI+TD foram observadas reabsorções radiculares moderadas, com degradação do cemento e dentina. No grupo MDI+CAST+TD foram observada reabsorções radiculares mais severas com extensas lacunas e degradação de dentina radicular. Conclui-se que a o déficit androgênico, induzido neste estudo pela castração dos animais, aumentou a taxa de movimentação dentária ortodôntica e a associação do traumatismo dentário com a orquidectomia potencializou os efeitos da movimentação dentária induzida sobre o processo de reabsorção radicular.

One of the most consumed pesticides in the world is glyphosate, the active ingredient in the herbicide ROUNDUP®. Studies demonstrate that glyphosate can act as an endocrine disruptor and that exposure to this substance at critical periods in the developmental period may program the fetus to induce reproductive damage in adulthood. Our hypothesis is that maternal exposure to glyphosate during pregnancy and lactation in mice will affect the development of male reproductive organs, impairing male fertility during adult life. Female mice consumed 0.5% glyphosate-ROUNDUP® in their drinking water [glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) group] or filtered water [control (CTRL) group] from the fourth day of pregnancy until the end of the lactation period. Male F1 offspring were designated, according to their mother’s treatment, as CTRL-F1 and GBH-F1. Female mice that drank glyphosate displayed reduced body weight (BW) gain during gestation, but no alterations in litter size. Although GBH male F1 offspring did not exhibit modifications in BW, they demonstrated delayed testicular descent. Furthermore, at PND150, GBH-F1 mice presented a lower number of spermatozoa in the cauda epididymis and reduced epithelial height of the seminiferous epithelium. Notably, intratesticular testosterone concentrations were enhanced in GBH-F1 mice; we show that it is an effect associated with increased plasma and pituitary concentrations of luteinizing hormone. Therefore, data indicate that maternal exposure to glyphosate-ROUNDUP® during pregnancy and lactation may lead to decreased spermatogenesis and disruptions in hypothalamus–pituitary–testicular axis regulation in F1 offspring.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal exposure to triclosan (TCS), during gestation and lactation on physical development, puberty installation and testicular function of male offspring in puberty and sexual maturity. Sixteen pregnant Wistar rats were used and divided into four experimental groups: GI- they received corn oil daily by gavage; GII- they received 75 mg kg -1 day -1 of TCS; GIII- they received 150 mg kg -1 day -1 of TCS and GIV- they received 300 mg kg -1 day -1 of TCS during pregnancy and lactation. The mean weight of the treated rat’s offspring was lower in comparison to GI group. In the exposed offspring. A delay in puberty installation was observed following the exposure to triclosan. Regarding to the stages of the seminiferous epithelium in puberty, it was noticed an increase of the I-VI stages in GIV group, compared with to GI. In sexual maturity, it was observed an increase of VII-VIII, IX-XIII in contrast to a reduction of XIV stage in treated animals, comparing to GI. There was no difference in the number of Sertoli cells. We conclude that the maternal exposure to TCS during gestation and lactation causes restriction of the intrauterine development, delay in the puberty installation and deregulation in the seminiferous epithelium cycle.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of maternal exposure to triclosan (TCS) during pregnancy and lactation on the uterine morphology of rat offspring. For this, 32 Wistar rat dams were distributed into four dose groups (eight mothers per group), and gavage daily, throughout pregnancy and lactation, as follows: Group I-control (GI): corn oil; Group II (GII): TCS diluted in corn oil at a dose of 75 mg/kg/d; Group III (GIII): TCS diluted in corn oil at a dose of 150 mg/kg/d; Group IV (GIV): TCS diluted in corn oil at a dose of 300 mg/kg/d. A female pup of each mother was selected, and at 90 days the pups were euthanized for weighing and collection of the uterus for histomorphometric analysis. The results showed that the mean litter weight was minor in all the groups treated with TCS, when compared with control. The levels thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in TCS mother rats were reduced; however the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were increases. The offspring of all groups exposed to TCS presented deregulation of the estrous cycle, compared with control. Analysis of the uterine histological structure demonstrated that all layers of the uterus were affected by the administration of TCS, and the morphometric analysis showed increased uterine layers thickness in the treated groups. We concluded that maternal exposure to TCS during pregnancy and lactation causes intrauterine development restriction, deregulation of the oestrous cycle, and alters uterine tissue in rat offspring.

Obesity is a chronic metabolic condition associated with numerous morbidities including cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, hypertension and infertility. Obesity is directly associated with increased activity of renin angiotensin system (RAS). The peptide Angiontensin II is well known for his involvement in the control of body fluid and cardiovascular homeostasis and also has impact on the control of reproduction. Losartan is an antagonist of the Ang II AT1 receptor and its administration can be beneficial in order to reduce infertility resulting from obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of blocking the AT1 Ang II receptor antagonists on spermatogenesis and sperm morphology in obese Wistar rats. After weaning male rats were treated with standard diet (CTL) or with cafeteria diet (CAF). At 70 days old, the cafeteria group was divided into two subgroups, half receiving water by daily gavage (CAF) and the other half receiving losartan by gavage, 30 mg/kg of body weight / day (CAF + LOS); the control group received water by daily gavage. The spermatogenic processes and morphology, as well as the weights of the reproductive organs and of retroperitoneal and perigonadal fats were analyzed. The cafeteria diet induced obesity by increasing the absolute and relative weight of the fats and altered the morphology of the head and tail of the sperm of the rats. Losartan did not reverse the changes caused by excess body fat in the morphology of spermatozoa. Other parameters were not altered by the cafeteria diet alone or combined with losartan. The lack of effect of losartan on all evaluated reproductive parameters may signal that he has no mediating effect thereof.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:34:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-12-02 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Puberty is an important period for the growth and maturation of the male reproductive system, and is also a critical window for endocrine or environmental interference. The physiological levels of circulating insulin and hyperglycemic control are important factors for a normal prostate growth. Hyperglycemia during puberty is reported to retard the growth of the prostate gland, with remarkable effects on the epithelial compartment. Here, we investigated the impact of hyperglycemia along with a simultaneous or late insulin replacement on the ventral prostate growth in rats during puberty, paying special attention to the deposition of collagen fibers and activities of gelatinase, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and −9 (MMP-9). Hyperglycemia was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) administration in 40-day-old male Wistar rats. A subset of hyperglycemic rats underwent an early insulin replacement (three days after the STZ administration), and another subset underwent a late insulin replacement (twenty days after the STZ administration). Animals were euthanized at 60 and/or 80 days of age. The ventral prostatic lobe was processed for picrosirius red staining, type I and III collagen immunohistochemistry, and gelatin zymography. Hyperglycemic animals showed an increased area of collagen fibers in the prostate, which was composed both types of collagens. MMP-2 activity was significantly reduced in the hyperglycemic animals, while MMP-9 activity was very low and showed no alteration. The simultaneous and late insulin administration restored collagen content and MMP-2 activity. In conclusion, puberty is a critical window for prostate maturation and type-1 diabetes-induced hyperglycemia affects the ratio of the prostatic parenchymal and stromal growth, leading to fibrotic tissues by also MMP-2 down regulation. Department of Morphology Institute of Biosciences Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) Center of Biological and Health Sciences (CCBS) State University of West Paraná (UNIOESTE) Department of Morphological Sciences Biological Sciences Center State University of Maringa (UEM) Department of Morphology Institute of Biosciences Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) FAPESP: 06/60116-9 FAPESP: 2006/60115-2 CNPq: 305391/2014-3

Ivermectin is one of the most widely used antiparasitic drugs globally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chronic effects of perinatal exposure to ivermectin on male reproductive parameters in rats. Pregnant rats were treated daily by oral gavage with 0.4 or 1.6 mg kg−1 of ivermectin or vehicle, from gestational day 6 until post-natal day 10. In the adulthood stage, there were significant reductions in the relative testicular weight of rats exposed to the low dose and in relative prostate weight of male rats exposed to the high dose of ivermectin. Furthermore, the animals exposed to the low dose also presented an increased seminal vesicle weight compared to controls. However, neither of the ivermectin doses interfered in daily sperm production, sperm number in testis, or sexual behavior of exposed males. In conclusion, perinatal exposure to ivermectin neither altered the male reproductive system development markedly, nor produced any adverse effects on the parameters evaluated.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. The etiology of PCa in humans is multifactorial and includes age, ethnicity, environmental factors, and other unknown causes. Epidemiological and experimental evidence has shown that cadmium is associated with PCa both in humans and rodents. This metal can act as an endocrine disruptor during prostate development, and it induces prostate lesions late in life. In this study, we investigated the effects of low-dose cadmium on rat prostate morphology during puberty. Two-month-old male Wistar rats were randomized into two experimental groups: cadmium-treated and control. The ventral and dorsolateral prostates were dissected, weighed, and immunohistochemically stained with specific antibodies against Ki-67 and the androgen receptor (AR). The concentration of cadmium was measured in the blood and prostate, and testosterone concentration was measured from the plasma. Our results show that cadmium concentration was increased in both the blood and the prostate of cadmium-treated rats, but there were no changes in the prostatic weight, epithelial cell height, or testosterone levels. However, AR immunostaining and epithelial cell proliferation (Ki-67 index) were increased in both prostates with an increase in apoptosis only in the dorsal lobe. Furthermore, atypical hyperplasic proliferative lesions were found in the dorsolateral lobe after cadmium exposure. Cadmium treatment reduced collagen fiber absolute volume in both prostates. Thus, low-doses of cadmium, even for a short period of time, can interfere with prostate epithelium-stroma homeostasis, and this disruption might be an important factor in the onset of prostate lesions late in life.

Summary The epididymal sperm transit time seems to have an important role in the process of sperm maturation, and it seems that alterations to the transit can harm the process. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the influence of altered sperm transit time through the epididymis on sperm parameters and fertility of rats, as well as the role of testosterone in the alterations. Sprague–Dawley adult male rats were randomly assigned to four different groups and were treated for 12 days: (i) 10 μg/rat/day DES, to accelerate the transit; (ii) 6.25 mg/kg/day guanethidine sulphate, to delay the transit; (iii) same treatment as group 1, plus androgen supplementation; (iv) control animals received the vehicles. Guanethidine treatment delayed the sperm transit time through the epididymal cauda, provoking increased sperm reserves in this region. Animals exposed to DES showed an acceleration of sperm transit time in the epididymis, and consequently decreased sperm density in both epididymal regions, the caput-corpus and cauda, and diminished sperm motility. In both cases sperm production was not altered. Testosterone supplementation was able to restore the transit time to values close to normality, as they were higher than in the control rats. The same occurred in relation to sperm motility. Rats exposed to DES presented lower fertility after in utero artificial insemination using sperm collected from the proximal cauda epididymis. Therefore, it was concluded that the acceleration of rat sperm transit time appeared to harm normal sperm maturation, thus decreasing sperm quality and fertility capacity, in an androgen-dependent way.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-28T14:13:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000298662200001.pdf: 329485 bytes, checksum: 3e627d4757e59f2e7018304da0e10021 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:20:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 WOS000298662200001.pdf: 329485 bytes, checksum: 3e627d4757e59f2e7018304da0e10021 (MD5) WOS000298662200001.pdf.txt: 46133 bytes, checksum: dd02bb4fa5e8d66770bfcbfb0fb3ad0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-06 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:35:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 WOS000298662200001.pdf: 329485 bytes, checksum: 3e627d4757e59f2e7018304da0e10021 (MD5) WOS000298662200001.pdf.txt: 46133 bytes, checksum: dd02bb4fa5e8d66770bfcbfb0fb3ad0a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:35:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 WOS000298662200001.pdf: 329485 bytes, checksum: 3e627d4757e59f2e7018304da0e10021 (MD5) WOS000298662200001.pdf.txt: 46133 bytes, checksum: dd02bb4fa5e8d66770bfcbfb0fb3ad0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-06 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Background: A suboptimal intrauterine environment may have a detrimental effect on gonadal development and thereby increases the risk for reproductive disorders and infertility in adult life. Here, we used uncontrolled maternal diabetes as a model to provoke pre- and perinatal growth restriction and evaluate the sexual development of rat male offspring.Methods: Maternal diabetes was induced in the dams through administration of a single i.v. dose of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin, 7 days before mating. Female rats presenting glycemic levels above 200 mg/dL after the induction were selected for the experiment. The male offspring was analyzed at different phases of sexual development, i.e., peripuberty, postpuberty and adulthood.Results: Body weight and blood glucose levels of pups, on the third postnatal day, were lower in the offspring of diabetic dams compared to controls. Maternal diabetes also provoked delayed testicular descent and preputial separation. In the offspring of diabetic dams the weight of reproductive organs at 40, 60 and 90 days-old was lower, as well as sperm reserves and sperm transit time through the epididymis. However the plasma testosterone levels were not different among experimental groups.Conclusions: It is difficult to isolate the effects directly from diabetes and those from IUGR. Although the exposure to hyperglycemic environment during prenatal life and lactation delayed the onset of puberty in male rats, the IUGR, in the studied model, did not influenced the structural organization of the male gonads of the offspring at any point during sexual development. However the decrease in sperm reserves in epididymal cauda and the acceleration in sperm transit time in this portion of epididymis may lead to an impairment of sperm quality and fertility potential in these animals. Additional studies are needed in attempt to investigate the fertility of animals with intrauterine growth restriction by maternal diabetes and possible multigenerational effects. Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Inst Biosci, Dept Morphol, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil State Univ W Parana UNIOESTE, Ctr Biol & Hlth Sci CCBS, Cascavel, Parana, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Botucatu Med Sch, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Grad Program Cell & Struct Biol, Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Inst Biosci, Dept Morphol, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Botucatu Med Sch, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:03:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0004-27302012000200002.pdf: 365751 bytes, checksum: c84778a1f36984cd9f7b78bdffd2a161 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:03:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0004-27302012000200002.pdf: 365751 bytes, checksum: c84778a1f36984cd9f7b78bdffd2a161 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:04:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0004-27302012000200002.pdf: 365751 bytes, checksum: c84778a1f36984cd9f7b78bdffd2a161 (MD5) S0004-27302012000200002.pdf.txt: 38501 bytes, checksum: 61632bd9d4d7adde137a631608f1cf56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:16:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0004-27302012000200002.pdf: 365751 bytes, checksum: c84778a1f36984cd9f7b78bdffd2a161 (MD5) S0004-27302012000200002.pdf.txt: 38501 bytes, checksum: 61632bd9d4d7adde137a631608f1cf56 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:16:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0004-27302012000200002.pdf: 365751 bytes, checksum: c84778a1f36984cd9f7b78bdffd2a161 (MD5) S0004-27302012000200002.pdf.txt: 38501 bytes, checksum: 61632bd9d4d7adde137a631608f1cf56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento físico e sexual e a fisiologia reprodutiva de ratas que se desenvolveram em condições hiperglicêmicas in utero e lactação. MATERIAIS E METODOS: Para induzir o diabetes nas ratas, foi utilizada estreptozotocina em dose única via intravenosa antes do acasalamento. A prole feminina foi avaliada por meio dos seguintes parâmetros: o desenvolvimento físico; a idade de abertura vaginal e do primeiro estro, peso e avaliação histológica do útero e ovários; a duração do ciclo estral, o comportamento sexual e a fertilidade após acasalamentos naturais. RESULTADOS: O diabetes materno provocou, na prole feminina, retardo no desenvolvimento físico; diminuição do peso dos ovários e do número de folículos; a performance reprodutiva foi inferior à do grupo controle. CONCLUSÕES: Concluiu-se que a exposição aos meios intrauterino e lactacional hiperglicêmicos provocou retardo no desenvolvimento físico e sexual e prejudicou a fisiologia reprodutiva de ratas. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate physical and sexual development and reproductive physiology in female rat offspring that developed in hyperglycemia conditions in utero and during lactation. MATERIALS and METHODS: Maternal diabetes was induced in female rats by a single IV injection of streptozotocin before mating. Female offspring development was evaluated by means of the following parameters: physical development; age of vaginal opening and first estrus; weight and histological evaluation of uterus and ovaries; duration of the estrous cycle, sexual behavior, and fertility after natural mating. RESULTS: In the female offspring, maternal diabetes caused delays in initial physical development; diminution in ovary weight and number of follicles; and inferior reproductive performance compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The exposure to hyperglycemia in uterus and during lactation caused delays in physical and sexual development, and affected the reproductive physiology of female rats negatively. Universidade Estadual Paulista Institute of Biosciences Program in Geral and Applied Biology Unesp Botucatu Medical School Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Institute of Biosciences Centro de Assistência Toxicológica Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE) Center of Biological and Health Sciences Universidade Estadual de Campinas Institute of Biology Unesp Institute of Biosciences Department of Morphology Universidade Estadual Paulista Institute of Biosciences Program in Geral and Applied Biology Unesp Botucatu Medical School Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Unesp Institute of Biosciences Department of Morphology FAPESP: 04/12948-0 FAPESP: 04/15664-2 FUNDUNESP: 01089/05

We investigated the impact of diabetes with simultaneous and late insulin replacement on rat prostate growth during puberty, paying special attention to different prostatic lobes. Diabetes was induced by administration of streptozotocin (STZ) in 40-day-old male Wistar rats. A subset of diabetic rats underwent simultaneous insulin replacement (3 days after STZ administration), and another subset underwent a late insulin replacement (20 days after STZ administration). The ventral, dorsolateral, and anterior prostatic lobes were weighed and processed for histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric analyses. Both diabetic and insulin-treated animals maintained low plasma testosterone (T) concentrations, whereas dihydrotestostenore (DHT) levels were normal. Diabetic animals had a decreased gain in absolute prostatic weight when compared to age-matched controls and insulin replacement animals. However, prostatic lobe weight in the diabetic animals was ∼100% higher, even at the beginning of the experiment. Among the lobes, the anterior lobe showed the highest weight gain in diabetic and insulin replacement conditions. Epithelial cell proliferation in all lobes was significantly reduced in diabetic animals and significantly increased in insulin replacement animals, although apoptosis was unaltered. In conclusion, diabetes diminishes, but does not abolish, prostate growth during puberty. Even late insulin administration reduces the adverse effects of this disease on the prostate. In a scenario with both low insulin and T levels, DHT and other factors may play an important role in pubertal prostate growth. The adverse effects of diabetes on the rat prostate show a variation in lobe response, suggesting that diabetes may affect human prostate zones differently. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Orientador: Sergio Luis Felisbino Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia Resumo: Diabetes mellitus é uma síndrome clínica heterogênea, causada pela falta de produção de insulina pelas células beta (?) pancreáticas ou pelo defeito nos receptores para insulina nas células-alvo, resultando em uma doença metabólica hiperglicêmica. Estudos têm demonstrado que as disfunções sexuais e reprodutivas incluindo impotência, redução da libido, prejuízo da espermatogênese, infertilidade e diminuição da qualidade espermática são frequentemente associadas com o diabete no homem e em animais de experimentação. Apesar dos efeitos do diabete sobre as funções testiculares e fertilidade de machos estarem bem esclarecidos, o impacto da doença sobre morfogênese e crescimento da próstata ainda não foi completamente descrito. Assim, o presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar os possíveis efeitos do diabete e da reposição com insulina durante o crescimento prostático na puberdade, com especial atenção para a atividade das metaloproteinases de matriz 2 e 9 (MMP-2 e MMP-9), enzimas envolvidas na remodelação dos componentes da matriz extracelular. Para tanto, foram realizadas análises morfológicas, morfométricas, imunoistoquímicas e bioquímicas de zimografia, nos lobos ventral, dorsolateral e anterior da próstata de ratos Wistar, nos quais o diabete foi induzido quimicamente aos 40 dias de idade por estreptozotocina. Nossos resultados mostraram que o diabete experimental prejudicou o crescimento glandular, caracterizado por um menor ganho de peso absoluto dos diferentes lobos da próstata e diminuição da relação parênquima/estroma, principalmente do lobo dorsolateral. O diabete causou diminuição nas concentrações plasmáticas de testosterona, mas não alterou a concentração de diidrotestosterona. As atividades das MMP-2 e MMP-9 foram menores no grupo diabético. O tratamento simultâneo e/ou tardio com insulina exógena além de reverter os parâmetros alterados nos animais diabéticos também foi efetivo em restaurar características histológicas e morfométricas dos lobos prostáticos em padrões semelhantes aos observados nos animais controles. Estes resultados permitem concluir que o diabete prejudica, mas não impede, o crescimento da próstata e causa importantes alterações estromais, evidenciadas pela diminuição da atividade das MMPs -2 e -9, reforçando o papel destas enzimas na próstata. Por outro lado, o tratamento com insulina reverteu os parâmetros alterados sugerindo que as alterações prostáticas causadas pelo diabete na próstata, nesta fase do desenvolvimento pós-natal, são aparentemente reversíveis. Abstract: The Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome caused by lack of insulin production by beta cells (?) or the pancreatic defect in insulin receptors on target cells, resulting in hyperglycemic metabolic disease. Studies have shown that the reproductive and sexual dysfunctions including impotence, decreased libido, impaired spermatogenesis and infertility, decreased sperm quality, are often associated with diabetes in humans and experimental animals. Although vast publications have checked the effects of diabetes on testicular function and fertility in males, the impact of disease on growth and morphogenesis of the prostate is still poor understood. Thus, this study aimed to examine the possible effects of diabetes and insulin replacement, during the maturation process prostate, with special attention to the matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP2 and MMP9), enzymes involved in the extracellular matrix components remodeling during development and growth of prostate. For both, analyze morphological, morphometric, immunocytochemical and biochemical zymography were done in the ventral, dorsolateral and anterior prostatic lobes of Wistar rats, which diabetes was chemically induced at 40 days old by streptozotocin. Our results showed that diabetes impaired th prostatic lobe growth, characterized by a low absolute weight gain and reduction in parenchyma/stroma ratio, mainly in the dorsolateral lobe. Diabetes caused a reduction in the testosterone plasma levels, but not in the dihydrotestosterone. The activities of MMP2 and MMP9 were reduced in the prostatic lobes from diabetic animals. Both simultaneous and late insulin treatment maintain and restored, respectively, the age-matched control morphological and morphometrical parameters. These results allow to conclude that diabetes interfere negatively in the prostate growth during puberty with important stromal changes, including reduction in MMP2 and MMP9 activities, reinforcing the role of these enzymes in the normal prostate morphogenesis. On the other hand, even a late insulin replacement can restore the deleterious effects of diabetes in the prostate during puberty. Doutorado Biologia Celular Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential estrogenic activity of fenvalerate by examining reproductive and fertility capabilities in Wistar rats. Adult male animals were treated for 30 d with 20 or 40 mg/kg/d fenvalerate or corn oil (vehicle) by oral gavage. Further, a possible estrogenic activity of fenvalerate (0.4, 1, 4, 8, or 40 mg/kg) was tested after a 3-d treatment of immature female rats using the uterotrophic assay. Exposure to the higher dose of fenvalerate was toxic to testis and epididymis as shown by a decrease in the absolute weights and sperm counts in both organs. Although the sperm counts were reduced, the fertility and sexual behavior were similar in control rats and rats treated with 40 mg/kg pesticide. Fenvalerate did not exert estrogenic activity in vivo at the tested doses. Data suggest that fenvalerate treatment in this study failed to compromise fertility, possibly due to enhanced reproductive capacity in rodents compared to humans.

Orientadores: Wilma de Grava Kempinas, Debora Cristina Damasceno Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia Resumo: Diabetes mellitus é um grupo de desordens metabólicas de etiologia múltipla, caracterizado por defeitos na secreção e/ou ação da insulina. As causas da doença podem ser genéticas e/ou ambientais. O diabete é uma das complicações metabólicas mais comuns durante a gestação, associado a um aumento nos riscos maternos e morbidade neonatal. Estudos epidemiológicos e experimentais têm demonstrado que um meio intra-uterino anormal durante a vida fetal pode afetar o desenvolvimento, causando prejuízo do crescimento fetal, e aumentar a susceptibilidade da prole em desenvolver doenças crônicas na vida adulta. A hipótese da ?programação fetal? sugere que as adaptações que ocorrem durante o desenvolvimento do embrião, em resposta a um meio adverso, provocam alterações permanentes na estrutura e fisiologia do organismo. Já foi demonstrado que o diabete materno e a hiperglicemia induzida experimentalmente causam anormalidades no crescimento fetal, o que está associado com o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares e diabete tipo 2 na vida adulta. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar as conseqüências do meio intra-uterino anormal, decorrente do diabete materno, no desenvolvimento e função reprodutiva na pré-puberdade, puberdade e maturidade sexual da prole masculina de ratas em que o diabete foi induzido experimentalmente antes do acasalamento. Foram utilizadas 74 ratas Wistar com 90 dias de idade, divididas em dois grupos experimentais: grupo diabético (n=59), que recebeu, via intravenosa, 40 mg/kg de estreptozotocina, e grupo controle (n=17), que recebeu tampão citrato (0,1M; pH 6,5) nas mesmas condições experimentais. Só foram incluídas no estudo as ratas que apresentaram valores de glicemia iguais ou superiores a 200mg/dl sete dias após a indução (n=55). Todas as fêmeas foram mortas após o desmame dos filhotes. A prole masculina foi avaliada quanto a parâmetros espermáticos e hormonais nas diferentes fases do desenvolvimento sexual. O resultado da prenhez foi prejudicado nas ratas do grupo diabético. Independente do grupo experimental, não foram observadas malformações externas nos recém-nascidos viáveis. O peso corporal e os níveis plasmáticos de glicose, avaliados no terceiro dia pós-natal, foram menores na prole masculina de ratas diabéticas, comparado a prole controle. Na prole de ratas diabéticas, foi observado atraso no tempo (dias) da descida testicular e separação prepucial. Em todas as idades analisadas não houve diferenças estatísticas nos níveis de testosterona, glicemia, histologia dos testículos e epidídimo e grau de maturação do epitélio germinativo. Nos ratos adultos também não foram observadas alterações na morfologia espermática, número de células de Sertoli e dinâmica do processo espermatogênico. Por outro lado, o peso de órgãos reprodutivos, assim como as reservas espermáticas e tempo de trânsito dos espermatozóides no epidídimo, nos animais pré-púberes e adultos, foram alterados de maneira andrógenoindependente. O conjunto dos resultados obtidos mostraram que o meio intrauterino hiperglicêmico, causado pelo diabete materno, prejudicou o desenvolvimento fetal, e provocou alterações nas funções metabólicas e reprodutivas da prole masculina ao longo do desenvolvimento sexual Abstract: Diabetes melllitus is a group of metabolic disorders of multiple etiology, characterized by defects in the secretion and/or action of insulin. The causes of the disease can be genetic and/or environmental. Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic complications during pregnancy and is associated with an increased risk of maternal and neonatal morbidities. Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that an abnormal intrauterine environment during fetal life can affect the development, causing impairment of fetal growth and increasing the susceptibility of the offspring to developing chronic diseases in adulthood. The hypothesis of ?fetal programming? suggests that the adaptations that occur during embryonic development in response to an adverse medium provoke permanent alterations in the structure and physiology of the organism. It was already demonstrated that maternal diabetes and experimentally induced hyperglycemia cause abnormalities in fetal growth, which is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. In this context, the objective of present study was to investigate the consequences of the abnormal intrauterine environment, resulting from maternal diabetes, in the development and reproductive function, at pre-puberty, puberty and during sexual maturity, in the male offspring of rats in which diabetes was experimentally induced before mating. Seventy-four Wistar rats 90- days old were utilized, divided into two experimental groups: diabetic group (n=59) that received intravenously streptozotocin 40mg/kg body weight and control group (n=17) that received intravenously citrate buffer (0.1M; pH 6.5) in the same experimental conditions. Seven days after the induction the glicemia was measured and only rats presenting concentrations of 200 mg/dl or higher were considered severely diabetic and included in the study (n=55). All the females were killed after offspring weaning. The male offspring were evaluated in different phases of sexual maturation for sperm parameters and hormonal levels. The gestational outcome was impaired in the rats of the diabetic group. Independently of the experimental group, there were no external malformations in the viable newborns. Body weight and plasma glucose levels, evaluated on the third postnatal day, were lower in the male offspring of diabetic dams, compared to control. The times (days) of testicular descent and preputial separation were significantly delayed in the pups of diabetic dams. In all the ages evaluated there were no significant statistical differences in testosterone levels, glycemia, histology of the testis and epididimys and maturation degree of the germinal epithelium. Moreover, in adult rats no alterations were observed in sperm morphology, number of Sertoli cells and dynamics of the spermatogenic process. On the other hand, the weights of reproductive organs, as well as sperm reserves and sperm transit time in the epididymis were impaired in the prepubertal and adult rats, in an androgenindependent manner. Taken together, the findings obtained showed that the hyperglycemic intrauterine environment, caused by maternal diabetes, impaired fetal development, and provoked alterations in the metabolic and reproductive functions of the male offspring throughout sexual development Mestrado Biologia Celular Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2022-05-03T16:15:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Larissa_Basso2022.pdf: 5450780 bytes, checksum: 1238bf0c3e1b6cb494fb6d4621a488a6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-03T16:15:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Larissa_Basso2022.pdf: 5450780 bytes, checksum: 1238bf0c3e1b6cb494fb6d4621a488a6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022-02-25 Bisphenol A is a polymer widely used in the manufacture of polycarbonate and epoxy resins, used in various products of habitual use. The purpouse of the present study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to low doses of BPA on alveolar bone metabolism and periodontal tissues during induced tooth movement (MDI) in rodents. Forty-eight male rats were used, divided into 8 groups: Group 1.1: control, without MDI; Group 1.2: control submitted to MDI; Group 2.1: treated with 25µg of BPA, without MDI; Group 2.2: treated with 25µg of BPA, submitted to MDI; Group 3.1: treated with 250µg of BPA, without MDI; Group 3.2: treated with 250µg of BPA, with MDI; Group 4.1: treated with 2500µg of BPA, without MDI; Group 4.2: treated with 250µg of BPA, submitted to MDI. After the experimental period the animals were euthanized, the jaws removed and processed by routine histological techniques. The animals body weight did not differ at the end of the experimental period. Histological and morphometric analyzes showed that the animals submitted to MDI had a greater number of gaps of root resorption, areas of hyalinization and inflammatory infiltrate in the periodontal ligament, a greater amount of osteoclasts close to the alveolar bone in the region of the interradicular septum. BPA treatment did not change these parameters. It is concluded that the changes observed in the roots and periodontal tissues of animals with MDI and treated with BPA are due to the process of tooth movement. No changes that could be attributed to BPA treatment were observed. O bisfenol A é um polímero amplamente utilizado na fabricação de policarbonato e resinas epóxi, utilizados em diversos produtos de uso cotidiano. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da exposição a baixas doses de BPA, sobre o metabolismo ósseo alveolar e tecidos periodontais, durante a movimentação dentária induzida (MDI) em roedores. Foram utilizados 48 ratos machos, separados em 8 grupos: Grupo 1.1: controle, sem MDI; Grupo 1.2: controle submetido a MDI; Grupo 2.1: tratado com 25µg de BPA, sem MDI; Grupo 2.2: tratado com 25µg de BPA, submetidos a MDI; Grupo 3.1: tratado com 250µg de BPA, sem MDI; Grupo 3.2: tratado com 250µg de BPA, com MDI; Grupo 4.1: tratado com 2500µg de BPA, sem MDI; Grupo 4.2: tratado com 250µg de BPA, submetidos a MDI. Após o período experimental os animais foram eutanasiados, as maxilas retiradas e processadas pelas técnicas histológicas de rotina. O peso corporal dos animais não diferiu ao final do período experimental. As análises histológicas e morfométricas demonstraram que os animais submetidos a MDI apresentaram um maior número de lacunas de reabsorção radicular, áreas de hialinização e infiltrado inflamatório no ligamento periodontal, maior quantidade de osteoclastos próximos ao osso alveolar na região do septo interradicular. O tratamento com BPA não alterou esses parâmetros. Conclui-se que as alterações observadas nas raízes e nos tecidos periodontais dos animais com MDI e tratados com BPA são decorrentes do processo de movimentação dentária. Nenhuma alteração que pudesse ser atribuída ao tratamento com BPA foi observada.

Submitted by Edineia Teixeira (edineia.teixeira@unioeste.br) on 2022-03-18T15:04:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Giovana_Dutra2021.pdf: 1402446 bytes, checksum: 1c8b07f45216798509a526e802e69311 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-03-18T15:04:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Giovana_Dutra2021.pdf: 1402446 bytes, checksum: 1c8b07f45216798509a526e802e69311 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-12-13 BACKGROUND: Sodium deoxycholate has been widely used for enzymatic dissolution of the submental fat compartment, and Kybella® is the gold standard product used worldwide. However, countries like Brazil did not authorize the importation and use of Kybella® in national territory, which opened precedents for manipulation laboratories to produce and market 1% sodium deoxycholate for the same purpose. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and possible immediate and late side effects produced by repeated subcutaneous injections of 1% sodium deoxycholate from the Brazilian laboratory BIOMETIL in the subcutaneous tissue of rats, as well as to assess whether there are similarities in results when compared to previous studies that analyzed the behavior from Kybella. METHODS: 50 male Wistar rats divided into two groups of 25 animals were treated. A control group to which 15mg/kg of sterile saline solution was administered and a treated group, which received subcutaneous injections of 1% sodium deoxycholate at 15mg/kg from the BIOMETIL laboratory. Both groups received 3 doses of substances with an interval of 7 days between each session and were euthanized 24hrs, 7 days, 30 days, 60 days and 90 days after the last application. Samples of the injected tissue were removed, fixed in formalin, embedded in paraplast, sectioned at 5 µm and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histological analyzes were performed, evaluating the presence of tissue necrosis, inflammatory process and fibrosis, morphology and number of adipocytes. CONCLUSION: Biometil sodium deoxycholate 1% presented adverse effects similar to those presented by Kybella in its histological studies, causing intense local inflammation with gradual remission over time, leading to cell lysis and adipose tissue necrosis, reduction in diameter and number of adipocytes. As a side effect, the presence of focal alopecia was observed in the treated groups. INTRODUÇÃO: O deoxicolato de sódio vem sendo muito utilizado para dissolução enzimática do compartimento de gordura submentual, sendo o Kybella® o produto padrão ouro utilizado mundialmente. Entretanto, países como o Brasil não autorizaram importação e uso do Kybella® em território nacional, o que abriu precedentes para laboratórios de manipulação produzirem e comercializarem o deoxicolato de sódio a 1% para o mesmo objetivo. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a eficácia e possíveis efeitos colaterais imediatos e tardios produzidos por repetidas injeções subcutâneas de deoxicolato de sódio 1% do laboratório brasileiro BIOMETIL no tecido subcutâneo de ratos, bem como avaliar se há similaridades de resultados quando comparado com estudos prévios que analisaram o comportamento do Kybella. METODOLOGIA: Foram tratados 50 ratos Wistar machos divididos em dois grupos de 25 animais. Grupo controle para qual foi administrada solução salina estéril a 15mg/kg e grupo e grupo tratado, que recebeu injeções subcutâneas de deoxicolato de sódio 1% a 15mg/kg do laboratório BIOMETIL. Os dois grupos receberam 3 doses das substâncias com intervalo de 7 dias entre cada sessão e foram eutanasiados 24hrs, 7 dias, 30 dias, 60 dias e 90 dias após a última aplicação. Amostras do tecido injetado foram retiradas, fixadas em formol, incluídas em paraplast , seccionadas a 5 µm e coradas com hematoxilina e eosina. Foram realizadas análises histológicas, avaliando presença de necrose tecidual, processo inflamatório e fibrose, morfologia e número de adipócitos. CONCLUSÃO: O desoxicolato de sódio 1 % Biometil apresentou efeitos adversos semelhantes aos apresentados por Kybella em seus estudos histológicos, causando inflamação local intensa com remissão gradativa ao longo do tempo, levando à lise celular e necrose de tecido adiposo, diminuição do diâmetro e do número de adipócitos.Como efeito colateral foi observado presença de alopecia focal nos grupos tratados.

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2021-01-25T18:51:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Michael_Machado2020.pdf: 2597910 bytes, checksum: 521262bc092e0ee353f19c71994f5947 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-01-25T18:51:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Michael_Machado2020.pdf: 2597910 bytes, checksum: 521262bc092e0ee353f19c71994f5947 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-09-25 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Considering the increased demand for orthodontic treatments in adult and elderly patients, with possible hormonal changes due to age, it is necessary to substantiate orthodontic clinical conduct through histological evaluations. Thus, the present study evaluated histologically how pulp changes in molar of rats with testosterone deficiency that occurred with induced tooth movement, defining a better understanding of the biological aspects of the pulp. 32 Wistar rats separated into four experimental groups were used, with 8 animals in each: G1 - animals in the control group, without experimental manipulation; G2 - composed of animals submitted to bilateral orchidectomy; G3 - animals submitted to the technique of induced tooth movement (MDI) and G4 - constituted by castrated animals submitted to MDI. For the induction of MDI, a nickel-titanium (NiTi) spring was used, exerting a 50cN magnitude force on the upper first molar. Seven days after the installation of the MDI device, the animals were euthanized, the jaws were dissected and fixed in 10% formalin for 24 hours and then processed by routine histological techniques, included in Paraplast, sectioned at 7 um and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for performing pulp analysis under optical microscopy. The efficiency of the force and the proof of tooth movement was evaluated by measuring the distance between the first and second molars, at the level of the cemento-enamel junction. The groups were evaluated histologically for the pattern of cellularity, presence of dystrophic and hemodynamic changes in the dental pulp. The installation of the MDI device was effective in inducing tooth movement in animals in groups G3 and G4, which differed from each other, with a higher rate of movement in the group submitted to castration associated with MDI (G4). Histologically, in the comparative analysis between groups, the pulp of animals from groups G1 and G2, groups that were not moved, presented histological characteristics typical of pulp tissue normality. No dystrophic changes were observed, such as necrosis, fibrosis, nodules or calcifications in the pulp of experimental animals that could be attributed to MDI. The animals with orthodontic movement, castrated or not, presented dilated and congested vessels, in addition to hyalinized vessels in the root and coronary pulp. However, there were no histological changes that could be attributed to testosterone deficiency. Thus, it can be concluded that, in the experimental model used in the present study, testosterone deficiency did not generate morphological and degenerative changes in the pulp during tooth movement. The vascular changes observed in animals result from the orthodontic process and are reversible. Considerando o aumento na demanda por tratamentos ortodônticos em pacientes adultos e idosos, com possíveis alterações hormonais decorrentes da idade, é necessário fundamentar a conduta clínica ortodôntica através de avaliações histológicas. Assim, o presente estudo avaliou histologicamente as alterações pulpares em molares de ratos com deficiência de testosterona submetidos à movimentação dentária induzida, visando um melhor entendimento sobre os aspectos biológicos da polpa. Foram utilizados 32 ratos Wistar separados em quatro grupos experimentais, com 8 animais em cada: G1 – animais do grupo controle, sem manipulação experimental; G2 – composto por animais submetidos a orquidectomia bilateral; G3 – animais submetidos a técnica da movimentação dentária induzida (MDI) e G4 – constituídos por animais castrados submetidos à MDI. Para a indução da MDI foi utilizada uma mola de níqueltitânio (NiTi), exercendo uma força de 50cN de magnitude sobre o primeiro molar superior. Sete dias após a instalação do dispositivo de MDI os animais foram eutanasiados, as maxilas foram dissecadas e fixadas em formol a 10% por 24 horas e em seguida processadas pelas técnicas histológicas de rotina, incluídas em Paraplast, seccionadas a 7 um e coradas com hematoxilina e eosina para a realização da análise pulpar em microscopia óptica. A eficiência da força e a comprovação do movimento dentário foi avaliado pela medida da distância entre o primeiro e segundo molar, ao nível da junção amelocementária. Os grupos foram avaliados histologicamente quanto ao padrão de celularidade, presença de alterações distróficas e hemodinâmicas na polpa dentária. A instalação do dispositivo de MDI foi efetivo em induzir a movimentação dentária nos animais dos grupos G3 e G4, que diferiram entre si, com taxa de movimentação maior no grupo submetido à castração associada a MDI (G4). Histologicamente, na análise comparativa entre os grupos, a polpa dos animais dos grupos G1 e G2, grupos não movimentados, apresentaram características histológicas típicas de normalidade do tecido pulpar. Não foram observadas alterações distróficas como necrose, fibrose, nódulos ou calcificações na polpa dos animais experimentais que pudessem ser atribuídas a MDI. Os animais com movimentação ortodôntica, castrados ou não, apresentaram vasos dilatados e congestos, além de vasos hialinizados na polpa radicular e coronária. Entretanto, não foram observadas alterações histológicas que pudessem ser atribuídas a deficiência de testosterona. Assim, pode-se concluir que, no modelo experimental utilizado no presente estudo, a deficiência de testosterona não gerou alterações morfológicas e degenerativas na polpa durante a movimentação dentária. As alterações vasculares observadas nos animais decorrem do processo ortodôntico e são reversíveis.

Submitted by Almir Squinsani (almir.squinsani@unioeste.br) on 2020-12-04T13:10:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Kamila_Medeiros _2020.pdf: 2035740 bytes, checksum: 77153e1e2750e716d649e242f2408b63 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-04T13:10:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Kamila_Medeiros _2020.pdf: 2035740 bytes, checksum: 77153e1e2750e716d649e242f2408b63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-08-28 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most important public health problems worldwide, and its main implications involve damage to nephron structures and loss of kidney function. Studies show that obesity is an independent risk factor for CKD. Obesity causes several structural, hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. Most of these changes can be compensatory responses to the systemic increase in metabolic demand observed in obesity. However, in some cases, kidney damage becomes clinically affected as a result of compensatory failure. Obesityrelated glomerulopathy (GRO) is the best known. The aim of the work was to evaluate the relation of autonomic vagal and splenic activities on renal histomorphometric aspects in MSG-obese rodents. Thirty male Wistar rats were used, of which, twenty-four received subcutaneous injections of monosodium glutamate (MSG group) during the first 5 days of life (4g/kg body weight) and six animals received subcutaneous injections of equimolar saline solution (control group). They were assigned to five experimental groups (n = 6/group): False operated control (CON-FO); false operated obese (MSG-FO); vagotomized obese (MSG-VAG); splenectomized obese (MSG-ESP); vagotomized and splenectomized obese (MSG-VAG-ESP). At 150 days, the animals were weighed and euthanized. The kidney was removed, weighed and subjected to histological techniques for fixation, dehydration and embedding. Sections were stained with HE and subjected to histomorphometric analysis. MSG-FO group animals showed a significant reduction in body weight and snout-anus length, and a significant increase in obesity parameters when compared to CON-FO group animals (P

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2021-11-08T19:26:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Ana_Amaral2019.pdf: 858160 bytes, checksum: 512e8986e568be2899e3159e3df2d135 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-11-08T19:26:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Ana_Amaral2019.pdf: 858160 bytes, checksum: 512e8986e568be2899e3159e3df2d135 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-05-28 Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy associated or not to splenectomy on the liver morphology in obese rats induced by glutamate monosodium (MSG). Newborn male rats received during the first five days of life injections of either 4 g MSG/body weight kg (MSG group) or 1.25 g saline/body weight kg - control group (CTL). At 60 days of age the MSG obese animals were subjected to subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (MSG VAG), or splenectomy (MSG ESP) or vagotomy associated with splenectomy (MSG VAG ESP), or false operation (MSG FO). At 150 days the animals were euthanized. The perigonadal and retroperitoneal fat stocks were higher in MSG FO animals compared to CTL. Retroperitoneal fat weight was lower in MSG VAG, MSG ESP and MSG VAG ESP compared to MSG FO groups. The degree of hepatic steatosis was lower in MSG VAG animals when compared to MSG FO. Thus the vagotomy had a protective effect on the installation of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese animals MSG. However, splenectomy exacerbated this parameter in animals from the MSG ESP group compared to the MSG FO group. Interestingly the degree of steatosis was similar between the MSG VAG ESP animals and the MSG FO group. Thus, it is concluded that the vagus nerve and the spleen play an important but independent role in the installation of NAFLD in the MSG-induced obesity model. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito da vagotomia subdiafragmática associada ou não a esplenectomia sobre a morfologia hepática em ratos obesos induzidos pelo glutamato monossódico (MSG). Ratos machos recém-nascidos receberam durante os cinco primeiros dias de vida injeções de 4 g de MSG/Kg de peso corporal (grupo MSG) ou 1,25 g de solução salina/Kg de peso corporal - grupo controle (CTL). Aos 60 dias de vida os animais obesos MSG foram submetidos a vagotomia subdiafragmática (MSG VAG), ou a esplenectomia (MSG ESP), ou a vagotomia associada a esplenectomia (MSG VAG ESP), ou, a falsa operação (MSG FO). Com 150 dias os animais foram eutanasiados. Os estoques de gorduras perigonadal e retroperitoneal foram maiores nos animais MSG FO em relação ao CTL. O peso da gordura retroperitoneal foi menor nos MSG VAG, MSG ESP e MSG VAG ESP em relação aos grupos MSG FO. O grau de esteatose hepática foi menor nos animais MSG VAG quando comparado ao MSG FO. Assim a vagotomia exerceu um efeito protetor sobre a instalação da doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA)nos animais obesos MSG. Entretanto a esplenectomia exacerbou este parâmetro nos animais do grupo MSG ESP em relação ao grupo MSG FO. Interessantemente o grau de esteatose foi similar entre os animais MSG VAG ESP e o grupo MSG FO. Desta forma, conclui-se que o nervo vago e o baço tem participação importante, porém independentes, na instalação da DHGNA no modelo de obesidade induzida pelo MSG.

Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2020-02-17T18:19:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna Mezzaroba 2019.pdf: 3010550 bytes, checksum: 92db5f2a3ed1579a646ee331b4a629d5 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-02-17T18:19:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna Mezzaroba 2019.pdf: 3010550 bytes, checksum: 92db5f2a3ed1579a646ee331b4a629d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-04-08 The success of tooth movement in traumatized teeth depends on the severity of the injury, and root resorption (RR) is an undesirable and possible consequence to occur before, during and after orthodontic treatment. In addition, the patient's hormonal status has a great impact on the professional's behavior since it can directly influence the success of orthodontic treatment. Testosterone (T) is the major male sex steroid hormone involved in the differentiation, sexual development and control of male reproductive functions. The decrease in T concentrations is associated with a decrease in alveolar bone mineral density, which can significantly increase the speed of tooth movement and its influence on bone and root resorption. Thus the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of testosterone deficiency associated with dental trauma (DT) and its influence on bone and root resorption during induced tooth movement (ITM) in rats. For this, 48 male Wistar rats were used, separated into 08 experimental groups, with 06 animals in each: Group 1: control (CON); Group 2 (ORCH): composed of animals submitted to bilateral orchiectomy; Group 3 (DT): composed of animals that were submitted to dental trauma; Group 4 (ORCH + DT): composed of animals submitted to DT and bilateral orchiectomy; Group 5 (ITM) composed of animals that underwent induced tooth movement (MDI); Group 6 (ITM+ORCH): composed of animals that underwent ITM and bilateral orchiectomy; Group 7 (ITM+DT): composed of animals that underwent ITM and DT and Group 8 (ITM+ORCH+DT) composed of animals that underwent ITM, DT and bilateral orchiectomy. After the experimental period the animals were euthanized, weighed and the jaws were removed, fixed in 10% formaldehyde, decalcified, cut at 5 µm and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Orchidectomy increased the rate of ITM in the G6 and G8 groups when compared to the G5 and G7 groups. Vascular changes in the periodontal ligament and dental resorptions were observed more frequently in the G8 animals in all regions evaluated. The drop in testosterone, associated with dental trauma, may negatively impact orthodontic treatment, causing periodontal changes and root resorption. No statistically significant differences were observed in the body weight of the animals at the end of the experimental period. Orchiectomy increased the rate of MDI in the G6 and G8 groups when compared to the groups to the other experimental groups, and the highest movement rate was verified in the G8 group. Histologically, the animals submitted to orthodontic movement had a decrease in the space of the periodontal ligament in the area of compression, increase of the space of the tension area, presence of inflammatory cells in the periodontal ligament and several osteoclasts around the alveolar bone, mainly in the intersegmental region –radicular. The number of reabsorption points in the distal root was higher in all groups, compared to the control group. However, the association of trauma, with orchidectomy and induced tooth movement, potentiated the observed effects. is concluded that the androgen deficit increases the rate of orthodontic movement and the association of factors (trauma, castration and tooth movement) induce a higher incidence of root resorption in the animals O sucesso da movimentação dentária em dentes traumatizados depende da severidade da injuria, sendo a reabsorção radicular (RR) uma consequência indesejável e possível de ocorrer antes, durante e após o tratamento ortodôntico. Além disso, o status hormonal do paciente tem um grande impacto na conduta do profissional, uma vez que pode influenciar diretamente o sucesso do tratamento ortodôntico. A testosterona (T) é o principal hormônio sexual esteroide masculino envolvido na diferenciação, desenvolvimento sexual e controle das funções reprodutivas masculina. A diminuição das concentrações de T está associada a uma queda na densidade óssea mineral alveolar, o que pode aumentar significativamente a velocidade do movimento dentário, podendo estar relacionada ao aumento no risco de reabsorção radicular. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da deficiência de testosterona associados ao traumatismo dentário (TD), e sua influência na reabsorção óssea e radicular durante a movimentação dentária induzida (MDI) em ratos. Para isso foram utilizados 48 ratos machos Wistar, separados em 08 grupos experimentais, com 06 animais em cada: G1: controle (CON); G2 castrado (CAST): composto por animais submetidos a orquiectomia bilateral; G3 (TD): composto por animais que foram submetidos ao trauma dentário; G4 (CAST+TD): composto por animais que foram submetidos ao TD e orquiectomia bilateral; G5 (MDI) composto por animais que foram submetidos a movimentação dentária induzida (MDI); G6 (MDI+CAST): composto por animais que foram submetidos a MDI e orquiectomia bilateral; G7(MDI+TD): composto por animais que foram submetidos a MDI e TD e G8 (MDI+CAST+TD) composto por animais que foram submetidos a MDI, TD e orquiectomia bilateral. Após o período experimental os animais foram eutanasiados, pesados e as maxilas foram retiradas, fixadas em formol a 10%, descalcificadas, cortadas a 5 µm e coradas com hematoxilina e eosina. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas, no peso corporal dos animais, ao fim do período experimental. A orquidectomia aumentou a taxa de MDI nos grupos G6 e G8 quando comparada aos demais grupos experimentais, sendo que a maior taxa de movimentação foi verificada nos animais do grupo G8. Histologicamente, os animais submetidos a movimentação ortodôntica apresentaram diminuição no espaço do ligamento periodontal na área de compressão, aumento do espaço da área de tensão, presença de células inflamatórias no ligamento periodontal e aumento de osteoclastos ao redor do osso alveolar, principalmente na região de septo inter-radicular. O número de pontos de reabsorção na raiz distal foi maior em todos os grupos, comparados ao controle. Entretanto, a associação do trauma, com a orquidectomia e movimentação dentária induzida, potencializaram os efeitos observados. Conclui-se que a o déficit androgênico aumenta a taxa de movimentação ortodôntica e a associação de fatores (trauma, castração e movimentação dentária) induzem a uma maior incidência de reabsorção radicular nos animais

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2020-12-02T18:11:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Vanessa_Ceglarek2018.pdf: 2046768 bytes, checksum: 0a27c1bbf0736a6a18f857a4571ec27e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-02T18:11:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Vanessa_Ceglarek2018.pdf: 2046768 bytes, checksum: 0a27c1bbf0736a6a18f857a4571ec27e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-30 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Intake of a hypercaloric diet during gestation and lactation induces offspring obesity, an event that involves the programming of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Bariatric surgery (BS) is the fastest method of weight loss and restoration of energetic homeostasis in obese individuals, a procedure that could modulate the development of the fetus, if performed in the mothers, having effects on offspring in adult life. The maternal BS modulates the mother's BAT and prevents obesity in the offspring, but its impact on BAT offspring is unknown. In the present study, the histological and functional aspects of the BAT of first generation (F1) adults descended from obese mothers submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) were evaluated. To that end, we used the offspring of Wistar rats who received a high-calorie cafeteria diet (CAF) throughout life and at 65 days of life were submitted to False Operation (CAF-FO) or Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (CAF- RYGB) and the offspring of rats Controls (CTL), which received standard diet. At 30 days of age the offspring were weaned, the males were separated (n = 6 / group) and the groups of offspring (F1) nominated according to maternal treatment, generating 3 experimental groups: 1) CTLF1; 2) CAF-FO F1 and 3) CAF-RYGB F1. All the offspring received standard diet throughout life. At 120 days of age the offspring were euthanized, the BAT collected, and the histological and protein expression analyzes of the mitochondrial decoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and the electron transport chain (ETC) were performed. The CAFFO F1 BAT presented greater fat accumulation and adipocyte area, with a reduction in the expression of complex I (CI) and complex III (CIII) of the ETC in relation to the CTL F1 group (p

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2019-04-03T19:19:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Jakeline_Teleken2018.pdf: 1649917 bytes, checksum: eee9c5755a92c65abdc8a6fb62907759 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-03T19:19:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Jakeline_Teleken2018.pdf: 1649917 bytes, checksum: eee9c5755a92c65abdc8a6fb62907759 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-27 Increased use of pesticides worldwide, including in Brazil, has raised awareness of the toxic effects of pesticide exposure. Among the pesticides, glyphosate herbicide is the most commercially active ingredient in the world. Exposure to glyphosate has been associated with the development of health problems in humans and animals, such as cancer, birth defects, cardiovascular problems, changes in the central nervous system, reproductive system, among others. In addition, recent studies have shown that glyphosate acts as an endocrine disrupter because of its actions on the hormonal system. Exposure to endocrine disrupters at critical stages of development, such as the neonatal period, can lead to fetal programming predisposing to disease development in adult life. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of maternal exposure to glyphosate, during pregnancy and lactation, on the dams and reproductive system of male offspring in adulthood. Female C57Bl6 received 0.5% glyphosate (ROUNDUP Original DI®) in drinking water (GF group) or pure water (CTL group) during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring were separated into two groups CTL-F1 and GF-F1, according to the administration or not of glyphosate for the dams. Both groups received standard diet and water ad libitum during the entire experiment. Body weight, water and food intake were evaluated weekly, and the testis descent was monitored at 21 days of age to evaluate the onset of puberty. At 150 days the offspring mice were euthanized and blood was collected for subsequent plasmatic analyzes. The reproductive organs were removed and weighed. The epididymis was used for sperm count. The pituitary was removed and used to determine the protein expression of LH. The right testis was fixed in ALFAC and used for histomorphological analysis, and the left testis was used for intratesticular testosterone assay. Maternal exposure to glyphosate did not alter body weight, food and water intake, and weight of reproductive organs of male offspring. However, there was a delay in the onset of puberty and a decrease in the number of spermatozoa in the tail of the epididymis in the GF-F1 group in relation to the CTL-F1 group. Although in the histological analysis no alteration was found in the animals of the GF-F1 group, these animals showed a decrease in the height of the seminiferous epithelium in relation to the CTL-F1 group. In relation to hormonal dosages, intratesticular testosterone levels was higher in the GF-F1 group than in the CTL-F1 group, although the testosterone plasma levels had similar values in both groups. LH was increased both in the plasma and in the pituitary GF-F1 group, whereas FSH was similar between the CTL-F1 and GF-F1 groups. Our results suggest that maternal exposure to glyphosate led to fetal programming that culminated with changes in the reproductive system in adult life of male offspring. O aumento no uso de agrotóxicos em todo mundo, inclusive no Brasil, tem despertado atenção acerca dos efeitos tóxicos da exposição a essas substâncias. Entre os agrotóxicos, destaca-se o uso do herbicida glifosato, princípio ativo mais comercializado em todo mundo. A exposição ao glifosato foi associada ao desenvolvimento de problemas de saúde em humanos e animais, como câncer, malformações ao nascimento, problemas cardiovasculares e reprodutivos, alterações no sistema nervoso central, entre outros. Além disso, estudos recentes têm demonstrado que o glifosato age como desregulador endócrino, devido às suas ações sobre o sistema hormonal. A exposição a desreguladores endócrinos em períodos críticos do desenvolvimento, como o período neonatal, pode levar a programação fetal que predispõe o desenvolvimento de doenças na vida adulta. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar os efeitos da exposição materna ao glifosato, durante a prenhez e a lactação, nas mães e no sistema reprodutor da prole masculina na vida adulta. Para tanto, as fêmeas C57Bl6 receberam 0,5% de glifosato (ROUNDUP Original DI®) na água de beber (grupo GF) ou água pura (grupo CTL) durante a prenhez e lactação. A prole masculina foi separada em dois grupos, CTL-F1 e GF-F1, respectivamente, de acordo com a administração ou não de glifosato nas mães. Ambos os grupos receberam água e ração padrão a vontade durante todo o experimento. O peso corporal, os consumos hídrico e alimentar foram avaliados semanalmente e a descida dos testículos foi acompanhada a partir dos 21 dias de vida para avaliação do início da puberdade. Aos 150 dias, os camundongos da prole foram eutanasiados, e o sangue total foi coletado para posterior dosagens plasmáticas. Os órgãos reprodutores foram retirados e pesados. O epidídimo foi utilizado para contagem de espermatozoides. A hipófise foi retirada e utilizada para determinar a expressão proteica de LH. O testículo direito foi fixado em ALFAC e utilizado para as análises histomorfológicas, e o testículo esquerdo foi utilizado para dosagem de testosterona intratesticular. A exposição materna ao glifosato não alterou o peso corporal, o consumo alimentar e hídrico e o peso dos órgãos reprodutores da prole de machos. Todavia, observou-se um atraso no início da puberdade e uma diminuição do número de espermatozoides na cauda do epidídimo no grupo GF-F1, se comparado ao grupo CTL-F1. Embora na análise histológica não foi encontrada nenhuma alteração nos animais do grupo GF-F1, esses animais apresentaram diminuição na altura do epitélio seminífero em relação ao grupo CTL-F1. Quanto às dosagens hormonais, a concentração de testosterona intratesticular foi maior no grupo GF-F1 em relação ao grupo CTL-F1, apesar de a testosterona plasmática ter valores similares em ambos os grupos. O LH foi aumentado tanto no plasma quanto na hipófise do grupo GF-F1, enquanto que o FSH foi similar entre os grupos CTL-F1 e GF-F1. Os resultados sugerem que a exposição materna ao glifosato levou à programação fetal, o que culminou em alterações no sistema reprodutor na vida adulta da prole masculina.

Submitted by Edineia Teixeira (edineia.teixeira@unioeste.br) on 2019-02-13T12:50:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Eduardo_Fortunato_2018.pdf: 1127523 bytes, checksum: a9479155d7acf927752d4f36ea535457 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-13T12:50:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Eduardo_Fortunato_2018.pdf: 1127523 bytes, checksum: a9479155d7acf927752d4f36ea535457 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-26 Epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies are suggesting the increase of the incidence of reproductive abnormalities and fertility decline, as well as several hormone-dependent cancers of both sexes. Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent used in industrialized products, especially personal care and oral hygiene. Particularly in dentistry, this substance is widely used in dental dentifrices and mouthwashes, obtaining excellent results in control of biofilm and avoiding installation and progression of carious and periodontal lesions. Several studies are concern about TCS as lately this compound has been included in the list of endocrine disrupters because of their adverse effects initially observed in aquatic fauna and confirmed in mammalian and human investigations. So, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of maternal exposure to TCS, during pregnancy and lactation, on physical development, on puberty and on ovarian morphology of female offspring. For this purpose, pregnant rats were treated once a day orally during pregnancy and lactation as follows: Group I (GI): composed of 8 rats from the control group that received only corn oil under the same experimental conditions other groups; Group II (GII): composed of 8 rats that received TCS diluted in corn oil at a dose of 75mg / kg / day; Group III (GIII): composed of 8 rats that received TCS diluted in corn oil at a dose of 150mg / kg / day; Group IV (GIV): composed of 8 rats that received TCS diluted in corn oil at a dose of 300mg / kg / day. The female offspring were evaluated for external signs of physical development, puberty and at 90 days were euthanized for weighing and collection of ovaries for histological analysis. The results showed that the animal body weight was significantly lower in all TCS treated groups. Animals from all groups exposed to TCS were delayed on the day of vaginal opening and on the first estrus, showing delay in the onset of puberty. In addition, there was a reduction in the number of estrous cycles, associated with decrease in the frequency of the proestrus phase and increase in the methaestrus phase. The female offspring of TCS treated mothers had lower folliculogenic activity associated with increased TCS dose. It is concluded that maternal exposure to triclosan, during gestation and lactation, causes delayed puberty, dysregulation of the estrous cycle and reduction of folliculogenic activity in the female offspring of the rat. Key words: Triclosan, Estudos epidemiológicos, clínicos e experimentais têm sugerido que os fatores ambientais são uma possível causa para o aumento na incidência de anormalidades reprodutivas e redução da fertilidade, assim como diversos tipos de câncer hormônio-dependente, em ambos os sexos. O triclosan (TCS) é um agente antimicrobiano frequentemente utilizado em produtos industrializados, especialmente de cuidado pessoal e higiene oral. Particularmente na Odontologia, esta substância é amplamente utilizada em dentifrícios e enxaguatórios bucais, obtendo-se excelentes resultados no controle da placa bacteriana e evitando a instalação e progressão de lesões cariosas e periodontais. Entretanto, investigações acerca das consequências da extensa utilização do TCS são preocupantes, já que este composto tem sido incluído na lista dos desreguladores endócrinos por seus efeitos adversos observados inicialmente na fauna aquática e, confirmado posteriormente, nas investigações em mamíferos e em humanos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos decorrentes da exposição materna ao TCS, durante a prenhez e a lactação, no desenvolvimento físico, na instalação da puberdade e na morfofisiologia ovariana da prole feminina de rato. Para tanto, ratas prenhes foram tratadas uma vez ao dia, por via oral, durante a prenhez e a lactação da seguinte forma: Grupo I (GI): composto por 8 ratas do grupo controle que receberam somente óleo de milho nas mesmas condições experimentais dos demais grupos; Grupo II (GII): composto por 8 ratas que receberam TCS diluído em óleo de milho, na dose de 75mg/kg/dia; Grupo III (GIII): composto por 8 ratas que receberam TCS diluído em óleo de milho, na dose de 150mg/kg/dia; Grupo IV (GIV): composto por 8 ratas que receberam TCS diluído em óleo de milho, na dose de 300mg/kg/dia. Os filhotes do sexo feminino foram avaliados quanto aos sinais externos do desenvolvimento físico, instalação da puberdade e aos 90 dias foram eutanasiados para pesagem e coleta dos ovários para análise histológica. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que o peso médio da ninhada foi significativamente menor em todos os grupos tratados com TCS, quando comparados aos respectivos controles. Os animais de todos os grupos expostos ao TCS apresentaram atraso no dia da abertura vaginal e do primeiro estro, evidenciando atraso na instalação da puberdade. Além disso, houve redução no número de ciclos estrais, associado à diminuição da frequência da fase de proestro e aumento da frequência da fase de metaestro. A prole feminina das mães tratadas com TCS apresentou menor atividade foliculogênica associada com o aumento da dose de TCS. Conclui-se que a exposição materna ao triclosan, durante a gestação e lactação, causa atraso na instalação da puberdade, desregulação do ciclo estral e redução da atividade foliculogênica na prole feminina de rato.

Submitted by Edineia Teixeira (edineia.teixeira@unioeste.br) on 2019-02-14T14:00:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Guilherme_ Bitencourt_2018.pdf: 1209957 bytes, checksum: 74cdbd4c67f442252f8ba1c43dd988aa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-14T14:00:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Guilherme_ Bitencourt_2018.pdf: 1209957 bytes, checksum: 74cdbd4c67f442252f8ba1c43dd988aa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2028-03-19 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent widely used in manufactured products, especially in personal care and oral hygiene products. Studies prove that it changes the homeostasis of several organisms and is therefore considered an endocrine disruptor. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of maternal exposure to TCS during pregnancy and lactation in the uterine morphology of the rat offspring. For this, thirty-two pregnant rats were divided into 4 groups of 8, treated once daily orally, during pregnancy and lactation, as follows: Group I - control (GI): corn oil; Group II (GII): TCS diluted in corn oil at a dose of 75 mg/kg/day; Group III (GIII): TCS diluted in corn oil at a dose of 150 mg/kg/day; Group IV (GIV): TCS diluted in corn oil at a dose of 300 mg/kg/day. A female cub of each mother was selected, and at 90 days the pups were euthanized for weighing and collection of the uterus for histomorphometric analysis. The results showed that the mean litter weight was minor in all the groups treated with TCS, when compared to control. The offspring of all groups exposed to TCS presented estrous cycle dysregulation, compared to control. Analysis of the uterine histological structure demonstrated that all layers of the uterus were affected by the administration of TCS, and the morphometric analysis showed increased uterine layers in the treated groups. The leukocyte count showed an increase in inflammatory infiltrate in the groups of 150 and 300 mg of TCS, in comparison to the other groups. It is concluded that maternal exposure to TCS, during pregnancy and lactation, causes a decrease in the mean weight of the litter, deregulates the estrous cycle and causes a change in the uterine structure of the offspring. O Triclosan (TCS) é um agente antimicrobiano amplamente utilizado em produtos industrializados, especialmente de cuidado pessoal e higiene oral. Estudos comprovam que ele altera a homeostase de diversos organismos, sendo, portanto, considerado um desregulador endócrino. Assim, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos decorrentes da exposição materna ao TCS durante a prenhez e lactação na morfofisiologia uterina da prole de ratas. Para tanto, trinta e duas ratas prenhes foram divididas em 4 grupos de 8 ratas cada, tratadas uma vez ao dia, por via oral, durante a prenhez e lactação, da seguinte forma: Grupo I – controle (GI): somente óleo de milho; Grupo II (GII): TCS diluído em óleo de milho, na dose de 75 mg/kg/dia; Grupo III (GIII): TCS diluído em óleo de milho, na dose de 150 mg/kg/dia; Grupo IV (GIV): TCS diluído em óleo de milho, na dose de 300 mg/kg/dia. Um filhote do sexo feminino de cada mãe foi selecionado, e aos 90 dias, os filhotes foram eutanasiados, para pesagem e coleta do útero para análise histomorfométrica. Os resultados mostraram que o peso médio da ninhada foi significativamente menor em todos os grupos tratados com TCS, quando comparados ao controle. A prole de todos os grupos expostos ao TCS apresentou desregulação do ciclo estral, comparados ao controle. A análise da estrutura histológica uterina demonstrou que todas as camadas do útero foram afetadas pela administração de TCS, e a análise morfométrica mostrou aumento de todas as camadas uterinas nos grupos tratados. A contagem de leucócitos apresentou aumento do infiltrado inflamatório nos grupos de 150 e 300 mg de TCS, em comparação aos demais grupos. Conclui-se que a exposição materna ao TCS, durante a prenhez e lactação, provoca diminuição do peso médio da ninhada, desregula o ciclo estral e causa alteração da estrutura uterina da prole.

Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2018-05-23T13:14:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Carolyne Doneda Silva Santos.pdf: 1625405 bytes, checksum: 486002631e134614ec6e7e628e5a4df9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-23T13:14:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Carolyne Doneda Silva Santos.pdf: 1625405 bytes, checksum: 486002631e134614ec6e7e628e5a4df9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-14 We, herein, evaluated whether the exposure of rats to a cafeteria diet pre-and/or post-weaning, alters histological characteristics in the White Adipose Tissue (WAT), Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT), and liver of young adult male offspring. Female Wistar rats were divided into Control (CTL; rats fed on standard rodent chow) and Cafeteria (CAF; fed on cafeteria diet during their entire life). After birth, male offspring only (F1) were divided into four groups (8 pups/dams) and received the CTL or CAF diet during their entire lives: CTL-CTLF1, control offspring born from dams that were fed on control diet; CTL-CAF F1, cafeteria offspring born from dams that were fed on control diet; CAF-CTL F1, control offspring born from dams that were fed on a cafeteria diet; CAF-CAF F1, cafeteria offspring born from dams that were fed on a cafeteria diet. Biometrics, metabolic parameters, and liver, BAT and WAT histology were assessed. Data obtained were integrated using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA showed that maternal CAF diet protects offspring from the deleterious effects provoked by the exposure to an obesogenic diet during adult life, as demonstrated by the absence of alteration in body weight and fat accumulation, but failed to protect BAT and liver, suggesting that the impact of maternal CAF diet is tissue-specific. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar se a dieta de cafeteria durante o período pré e pós desmame altera as características histológicas do tecido adiposo branco (TAB), tecido adiposo marron (TAM), e do fígado em filhotes machos adultos. Para isso, ratas Wistarcom 21 dias de vida foram separadas em dois grupos: controle (CTL; ratas alimentadas com ração padrão para roedores) e cafeteria (CAF; ratas alimentadas com dieta de cafeteria durante todo seu período de vida). Aos 70 dias de idade as ratas foram acasaladas e mantiveram o mesmo padrão alimentar durante a gestação e amamentação. Após o nascimento, somente os filhotes machos (F1) foram separados em 4 grupos (8 filhotes/ninhada) e receberam dieta controle (CTL F1) ou dieta cafeteria (CAF F1) ao longo de suas vidas, conforme os seguintes grupos: CTL-CTL F1, filhotes alimentados com dieta controle, nascidos de mães que receberam dieta controle; CTL-CAF F1, filhotes alimentados com dieta cafeteria, nascidos de mães que receberam dieta controle; CAF-CTL F1, filhotes alimentadoscom dieta controle, nascidos de mães que receberam dieta cafeteria; CAF-CAF F1, filhotes alimentados com dieta cafeteria, nascidos de mães que receberam dieta cafeteria. Aos 100 dias de vida os animais foram eutanasiados e os parâmetros biométricos e metabólicos, bem como a histologia do fígado, TAB e TAM foram avaliados. Para avaliação dos dados obtidos foi realizada uma Análise de Componentes Principais, a qual demonstrou que a dieta de cafeteria maternal protegeu os filhotes dos efeitos deletérios provocados pela exposição à dieta obesogênica durante suas vidas, como demonstrada pela ausência de alterações no peso corporal e acúmulo de gordura, porém falhou em proteger o fígado e o TAM, sugerindo que o impacto da dieta de cafeteria maternal é tecido específico.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:57:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 camila_ machado.pdf: 1503244 bytes, checksum: 361dda1eae6076e04495b3c6a4455f6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 The triclosan (TCS) is a bactericidal agent widely used in personal hygiene products, in the context of odontology, this substance has been showing itself efficient in reducing the dental plaque and gingivitis, besides controlling the progression of periodontal disease. However, it's questionable the real benefits of using the TCS in large scale in different products, once this compound has been included on the list of endocrine disrupters. The growing observation of the prevalence of environmental contaminant with properties for the endocrine disrupting has been generating a considerable debate between the scientists, regulatory agencies and general public, about the potential risks which these substances represent to the man's and animal's productive health. Many of these compounds are present in our daily routine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects resulted from the exposure to TCS bactericidal, during pregnancy and lactation of mother rats, on the physical development, initial sexual and testicular function of the male son on the following phase of the development: puberty and sexual maturity. For this, 16 rats Wistarprenhes were used, separated in four experimental groups, with 4 animals each one: GI- received corn oil daily by gavage; GII - received TCS, at a dose of 75 mg/kg/day. GIII- received TCS, at the dose of 150 mg/kg/day and GIV - received TCS, at the dose 300 mg/kg/day. The rats where weighed in alternate days throughout the experimental period, to the adjustment of the dose and monitored about the birth of the offspring. At birth, the offspring was weighed and evaluated about the initial physical development: age of the ears' detachment, hair onset, and eruption of incisors and eyes opening. The male offspring were kept and monitored about the external physical parameter of initial sexual development (descended testicles age and prepuce separation). When they're 60 (puberty) days and 90 (sexual maturity) years old, they were weighed and sacrificed to the organs collecting and weighing and histological analysis of the spermatogenesis stages and Sertoli cells counting. The results showed that the gain of body weight of the female rats during the pregnancy was similar to the experimental groups. However, there was a body weight-loss in the end of the experimental period, of the rats of group GIV in comparison to 14 group GI. The pregnancy average time and size of the offspring were similar between the groups. The average weigh of the offspring treated with TCS, in different doses was smaller (p

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:57:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucio_ paulo.pdf: 1888833 bytes, checksum: 7e440f531baf7b1f6f7f1d8c2cd63b02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-19 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior The direct pulp capping aims to protect the pulp by a bioactive material, allowing the maintenance of pulp vitality and the formation of mineralized barrier. The objective of this study was histologically comparing the pulp response of different materials, for continuity and morphology of the mineralized structure. It was 108 (one hundred and eight) teeth of 54 (fifty-four) male Wistar rats, eight (8) weeks old. Circular cavities were prepared in mesio-occlusal surface of the upper first molars and capped in accordance with the Group, which included the animal: group 1 with calcium hydroxide (CH); Group 2: MTA and group 3: Biodentine®. All cavities were sealed with cement resin modified glass ionomer cement (3M Vitremer -ESPE) and the animals euthanized at predetermined periods of seven (7), fourteen (14) and 21 (twenty one) days. The jaws were removed and fixed slides prepared and stained with HE (hematoxylin and eosin) for descriptive histological evaluation of inflammation and the formation of mineralized barrier. The results showed that the MTA and the Biodentine® exhibit less intense inflammatory reactions when compared to the CH, and the statistical comparison (Kruskal-Wallis) of formation and quality of the formed dentin barrier statistically different at 21 days between the CH groups for MTA and Biodentine, which were similar to each other. It can be concluded that the MTA and Biodentine® induce mineralized architecture of a more continuous and uniform barrier and less intense when compared to pulp response to CH. O capeamento pulpar direto visa à proteção da polpa por um material bioativo que permita a manutenção da vitalidade pulpar e a formação de barreira mineralizada. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar histologicamente a resposta pulpar frente a materiais dentários, quanto à continuidade e morfologia da estrutura mineralizada. Foram utilizados 108 (cento e oito) dentes de 54 (cinquenta e quatro) ratos Wistar, machos com 8 (oito) semanas de idade. Cavidades circulares foram preparadas na face mesio-oclusal dos primeiros molares superiores e capeadas de acordo com o grupo ao qual pertencia o animal: grupo 1: com hidróxido de cálcio (CH); grupo 2: MTA e grupo 3: Biodentine®. Todas as cavidades foram seladas com cimento de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina (Vitremer 3M ESPE) e os animais eutanasiados em períodos predeterminados de 7 (sete), 14 (quatorze) e 21(vinte e um) dias. Posteriormente as maxilas removidas, fixadas e confeccionadas lâminas coradas H.E. (Hematoxilina e Eosina) para avaliação histológica descritiva da inflamação e da formação da barreira mineralizada. Os resultados demostraram que o MTA e o Biodentine® promovem reações inflamatórias menos intensas quando comparados ao CH. A comparação estatística (Kruskal-Wallis) da formação e da qualidade da barreira de dentina formada demonstrou diferença estatística aos 21 dias entre os grupos de CH para o MTA e Biodentine, e estes dois últimos similares entre si. Pode-se concluir que o MTA e o Biodentine® induzem a arquitetura de uma barreira mineralizada mais contínua e uniforme e a uma resposta pulpar menos intensa quando comparados ao CH.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:57:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karine _Figueredo da Costa.pdf: 1477303 bytes, checksum: 428fe0d7f49e8f5828d70fa92f05b2f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Background and Objective: Periodontal disease is a chronic disease that affects a major population part and has been associated with systemic changes. As a result, its relationship with obesity and atherosclerosis, it is a matter of concern for the health system.The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of periodontal tissues and abdominal aorta artery in rats with hypothalamic obesity associated with experimental periodontitis. Material and Methods: Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided , initially, into 2 groups that were subjected to intradermal injections of 4G/kg of solution of Monosodium glutamate (MSG) and 1,25G/kg/day of saline solution (group CTL)in the cervical region, in the first 5 days of life. At 70 days, the groups were subdivided into 2 another groups, where was induced periodontitis with the ligation placing in 1s lower molars; creating in this way 4 groups: control group without ligation (CTL); control group with ligation (CTL Lig); group MSG without ligation (MSG); group MSG with ligation (MSG Lig). After 100 days the rats were weighed and the naso-anal lenght was measured, so the index of Lee was determined and, then, the animals were sacrificed. Gingival tissue and abdominal aorta samples, as well as the hemi-jaws were withdrawn for immunological, morphological and radiographic analysis. Results: The interleukin-6 concentration in gingival tissue was significant in CTL Lig group, being that the Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha concentration in the abdominal aorta is higher in groups with experimental periodontitis (p< 0.05). Both the x-ray analysis as the histology showed a lower alveolar bone loss in the MSG Lig, group when compared to the CTL Lig group (p< 0.05). In the abdominal aorta morphometric analysis there was statistically significant 48 difference in the measurement of the artery wall diameter, being the largest diameter observed in the MSG Lig group (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, this study suggests that the periodontitis in association with the hypothalamic obesity may contribute to the increase of the width of the abdominal aorta walls, as well as the hypothalamic obesity may exert a protective effect on alveolar bone loss. Objetivo: O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de tecidos periodontais e da artéria aorta abdominal em ratos com obesidade hipotalâmica associada a periodontite experimental. A doença periodontal é uma doença crônica que afeta grande parte da população e tem sido associada a alterações sistêmicas. Sendo assim, sua relação com a obesidade e a aterosclerose, é motivo de preocupação para o sistema de saúde. Metodologia: Vinte e oito ratos Wistar foram divididos, inicialmente, em 2 grupos que foram submetidos a injeções intradérmicas na região cervical de 4g/kg/dia de solução de Glutamato Monossódico (grupo MSG) e 1,25g/kg/dia de solução salina (grupo CTL), nos primeiros 5 dias de vida. Aos 70 dias, esse grupos foram subdivididos em outros 2 grupos, onde foi induzida a periodontite com a colocação de ligadura nos 1ºs molares inferiores; originando-se assim 4 grupos: grupo controle sem ligadura (CTL); grupo controle com ligadura (CTL Lig); grupo MSG sem ligadura (MSG); grupo MSG com ligadura (MSG Lig). Aos 100 dias os ratos foram pesados e mensurados o comprimento naso-anal, assim o índice de Lee foi determinado e, então, os animais foram sacrificados. Amostras de tecido gengival e da aorta abdominal, bem como as hemi-mandíbulas foram retiradas para análises imunológicas, morfológicas e radiográficas. Resultados: A concentração de interleucina-6 no tecido gengival foi significante no grupo CTL Lig, sendo a concentração do Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa na aorta abdominal maior nos grupos com periodontite induzida (p

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:57:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudio Girelli_ Junior.pdf: 1035740 bytes, checksum: 5744f2af3a9cdd7a97647cc399f302df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Testosterone is the principal male sex steroid hormone involved in differentiation, sexual development and control of male reproductive functions. In addition to its role in reproductive endocrinology and fertility, testosterone is an important hormone in the regulation and functioning of other organs and tissues including the kidney, heart, skeletal muscle, immune system and oral and periodontal tissues. Periodontitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the periodontal tissues and associated with dental decay, are mainly responsible for the loss of dental elements. The relationship between sex steroids hormones and periodontal disease has been intensively investigated in females, however studies in males are still scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present project is to analyze the influence of testosterone deficiency on bone loss and histological structure of the periodontal tissues of castrated rats and experimental periodontitis. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats, provided by the Central Biotherium of Unioeste were used. At 80 days of age the animals were separated in four experimental groups, with 7 animals per group: no ligature control (CON), ligature control CON + LIG), no ligature castrated (CAST) and ligature castrated (CAST + LIG). At 90 days of age was held orchiectomy in appropriate groups. Sixty days after castration, the periodontal disease was induced by ligature technique. At the end of experimental period (90 days after castration), the animals were weighed and euthanized in a CO2 chamber. The mandible was removed, dissected, separated into left and right, were fixed by immersion in 10% buffered formalin for 24 hours, decalcified and processed for histological and radiological techniques. The results of this study showed that ligature model was effective 13 in inducing periodontitis in the animals. The food intake profile was similar between groups. The animals of CAST and CAST + LIG groups showed significant reduction in body weight at the end of experimental period, when compared with the groups CON and CON + LIG. Castration resulted in a significant bone loss in animals, which was accentuated with the induction of periodontal disease. Animals with periodontal diseases presented increased of gingival epithelium and connective tissue area, compared to animals without the disease. We conclude that testosterone is a physiological regulator important of alveolar bone metabolism. Testosterone deficiency in synergism with periodontal disease increases alveolar bone resorption and alters the thickness of gingival epithelium.Key A testosterona é o principal hormônio sexual esteróide masculino envolvido na diferenciação, desenvolvimento sexual e controle das funções reprodutivas masculina. Além do seu papel na endocrinologia reprodutiva e fertilidade, a testosterona é um hormônio importante na regulação e funcionamento de outros órgãos e tecidos corporais tais como o rim, coração, músculo estriado esquelético, sistema imunológico e os tecidos orais e periodontais. A periodontite é uma doença caracterizada pelo processo inflamatório dos tecidos periodontais e juntamente com a cárie, são as grandes responsáveis pela perda de elementos dentais. As relações entre os hormônios sexuais esteróides e doença periodontal tem sido intensamente investigado em fêmeas, entretanto os estudos em machos ainda são escassos. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivos analisar a influência da deficiência de testosterona sobre a perda óssea alveolar e estrutura histológica dos tecidos periodontais de ratos castrados e com periodontite experimental. Foram utilizados 28 ratos machos Wistar, fornecidos pelo Biotério Central da Unioeste. Aos 80 dias de idade os animais foram separados em quatro grupos experimentais, com 7 animais por grupo: controle sem ligadura (CON), Controle com ligadura (CON+LIG), castrado sem ligadura (CAST) e castrado com ligadura (CAST+LIG). Aos 90 dias de idade realizou-se a orquidectomia nos devidos grupos. Sessenta dias após a castração a doença periodontal foi induzida através da técnica de ligadura. Ao final do período experimental (90 dias após a castração), os animais foram pesados e sacrificados em câmara de CO2. As mandíbulas foram retiradas, dissecadas, separadas em direita e esquerda, fixada em formalina tamponada a 10% por 24 horas, descalcificada e 11 processadas para técnicas histológicas e radiológicas. Os resultados do presente trabalho demonstraram que o modelo de ligadura foi eficiente em induzir a periodontite nos animais. O perfil de consumo alimentar foi semelhante entre os grupos. Os animais dos grupos CAST e CAST+LIG apresentaram significativa redução do peso corporal ao final do período experimental, quando comparados aos grupos CON e CON+LIG. A castração levou a uma significativa perda óssea nos animais, a qual foi acentuada com a indução da doença periodontal. Os animais com doença periodontal apresentaram aumento de área do epitélio gengival e área de tecido conjuntivo, quando comparado aos animais sem a doença. Concluímos que a testosterona é um importante regulador fisiológico do metabolismo ósseo alveolar. A deficiência de testosterona em sinergismo com a doença periodontal aumenta a reabsorção óssea alveolar e altera a espessura do epitélio gengival.