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Background Plane warts, when multiple and recurrent, present a therapeutic challenge acting as a source of reinfection, causing frustration and affecting a patient's quality of life. For large numbers of lesions in cosmetically significant sites, topical treatment is preferred to avoid potential sequelae. Objectives To evaluate and compare the efficacy and tolerability of tazarotene 0.1% gel vs. imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of plane warts. Methods In a parallel three-arm randomized controlled trial, 60 patients were randomized to imiquimod, tazarotene or placebo groups. Patients applied the corresponding treatment once daily at night for a maximum of 12 weeks. Primary outcomes were the percentage of respondents with complete clearance in the three studied groups, and the type and frequency of side-effects in each group. Results Both active treatments resulted in significant improvement compared with baseline and the placebo group (P = 0.001). The imiquimod 5% treated group showed complete clearance in 50% (10/20) of patients, partial response in 15% (3/20), and no response in 35% (7/20). Tazarotene 0.1% gel showed complete clearance in 40% (8/20) of patients, partial response in 40% (8/20), and no response in 20% (4/20). No significant difference was detected between the imiquimod and tazarotene groups (P = 0.19). Conclusions Compared with imiquimod, tazarotene 0.1% gel for the treatment of plane warts seems to offer an equivalent treatment response, it maintained efficacy without recurrence and had a safer profile regarding dyspigmentation with an advantageous cheaper cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A common superficial illness called dermatophytosisis brought on by dermatophytes, a genus of keratinophilic, pathogenic fungi. In addition to invading the epidermal barrier, host immunological reactions to dermatophytes may partially cause tissue injury and pathologic inflammation. Understanding the pathophysiology of dermatophytosis, including fungal virulence factors and immune responses against pathogens, is therefore very beneficial. Dermatophytes are classified into nine genera based on the characteristics of their asexual spores, or macroconidae. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of dermatophytes in Egypt with mycological assessment before and after oral itraconazole therapy for chronic, recurrent, and recalcitrant dermatophytosis. Patients and methods: This study included 75 patients with different clinical types of chronic, recurrent, and/or recalcitrant dermatophytosis. All patients were subjected to adequate dermatological examination as regarding site and size of the lesions, the presence of associated papules, vesicles and/or pustules, lesion distribution, morphological variants, duration, and the presence of inflammation and scaling at each follow-up visit. All patients received oral itraconazole at a dose of 200mg/day for 6 weeks. Results: T.mentagrophytes was the most common isolated dermatophyte in patient with recalcitrant dermatophytosis (28%), followed by T.rubrumwhich represents (20%) of the recalcitrant tinea cases. as regarding Therapeutic response after end of itraconazole therapy, complete mycological cure was observed in (66.7%) of cases and complete clinical cure (69.3%) of cases. Recurrence after end of itraconazole therapy was detected in 13 cases (17%). Conclusion: T. mentagrophytesis the most common fungal isolates in patients with recalcitrant dermatophytosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) phototherapy is the cornerstone of vitiligo treatment. Its combination with other treatments usually yields a better response. Latanoprost, a prostaglandin F2α analog, and autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) have been reported to be effective for vitiligo. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of NB‐UVB combined with intralesional latanoprost or PRP for stable nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV). Methods: Sixty patients with stable NSV were recruited and randomly allocated to two equal groups. NB‐UVB phototherapy was administered twice a week for all patients. Additionally, group A received intralesional latanoprost injections once weekly, while group B received intralesional autologous PRP injections every 2 weeks. Results: At 24 weeks, excellent repigmentation response was observed in 26.7% and 13.3% of patients in the latanoprost/NB‐UVB and PRP/NB‐UVB groups, respectively, with no significant difference in degrees of repigmentation between the two groups. However, the Vitiligo Extent Score for a Target Area (VESTA) score was significantly higher in the latanoprost/NB‐UVB group (p =.032). Moreover, lesions located on nonacral skin responded significantly better than those on acral skin. Only erythema was significantly higher in the PRP/NB‐UVB group, while the recurrence of depigmentation was significantly higher in the latanoprost/NB‐UVB group. Conclusions: Both latanoprost and PRP have the potential to be effective add‐on therapies to NB‐UVB phototherapy for stable NSV, with latanoprost resulting in a greater repigmentation response and PRP producing a more stable response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human papillomaviruses cause warts, which are benign epidermal tumours (HPVs). They were connected to a great deal of distress, both physically and psychologically. It is well established that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of keratinocytes leads to their hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis. A wart forms as a result of this abnormally rapid expansion. HPV is the causative agent of both genital and superficial warts. Varieties of skin warts include common warts, plantar warts, and plane warts. The keratolytic chemical salicylic acid effectively removes the diseased epidermis caused by the virus. It's present in concentrations anywhere from 10% to 30% throughout a wide range of transportation modes. In most cases, warts can be removed with topical salicylic acid treatment over a period of three to six months. Warts undergoing cryotherapy have their surface frozen with liquid nitrogen once every two to three weeks. The immune system may react to local irritation depending on the mechanism of action. When comparing the efficacy of liquid nitrogen cryotherapy with 50% salicylic acid for treating plantar warts, a multicenter clinical study found no significant differences. Whether through curettage, electrosurgery, or conventional surgery, warts can be surgically removed to remove the entire lesion. When dealing with persistent or solitary warts, surgery can be helpful because it provides a speedy treatment. However, it is associated with significant risks of bleeding, scarring, and bacterial infections; recurrence is thought to occur in approximately 20% of cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent cause of warts on the skin and mucous membranes of the human body. With the aid of a variety of destructive and immunotherapeutic methods, wart therapy remains a major difficulty. Antigen immunotherapy by intralesional technique uses the immune system's ability to recognize viral, bacterial, and fungal antigens that elicit a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, not only to the antigen but also to the wart virus, which in turn boosts the immune system's ability to recognize and remove HPV. All lesions on the body, not just the injected one, could be destroyed by this boosted immune response. Different antigens, including Candida and pure protein derivative (PPD), have been shown to be useful in the treatment of various wart forms. Objective: Intralesional immunotherapy for numerous common warts is to be evaluated for its effectiveness. Conclusion: There has been substantial research into the use of intralesional vaccinations and organic antigens to treat warts, with good results of effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory dermatological disorders in childhood. Assessment of AD severity is the initial step in designing the proper therapeutic plan. Moreover, it is imperative for evaluation of disease improvement during and following therapy. This study was designed to assess the prognostic role of miRNA-155 (miR-155) in the prediction of AD severity as the primary outcome. While the secondary outcome was to correlate the serum miR-155 expression levels with the scoring atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) severity index. This case-control study included 24 children with AD and 24 apparently healthy children as a control group. AD children were stratified according to the SCORAD severity index. Approximately 58% of children had mild AD, 25% moderate AD, and about 17% severe AD. Children with AD had statistically significantly higher miR-155 expression levels in comparison to the control children, (p < 0.001). Children with severe AD had statistically significantly higher miR-155 expression levels compared to mild AD children (p=0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for miR-155 demonstrated that miR-155 can differentiate between children with mild AD and those with moderate-to-severe AD, with an area under the curve of 0.879, and an excellent discrimination power. A statistically strong significant positive correlation existed between miR-155 levels and SCORAD severity index (rs= 0.666, p < 0.001). In conclusion, MiR-155 could be considered as a non-invasive biomarker of AD severity in children. It is a promising prognostic tool in the prediction of AD severity., (Copyright© by the Egyptian Association of Immunologists.)