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Gumboro, or infectious bursal disease (IBD), represents a significant threat to poultry worldwide due to its genetic and pathogenic variations. Viruses can mutate and produce new variants, which can have an impact on the epidemiological situation. The study will determine and assess the genetics, protein sequence, and pathogenicity of IBDV present in broiler flocks in different locations within Ismalia and Dakahlia Governorates, Egypt, in 2022. A total of 150 bursa samples were collected from 15 broiler flocks exhibiting symptoms indicative of IBDV infection. The VP2 (viral protein2) gene was partially detected and then subjected to complete gene sequencing in order to summarize the key genetic mutations found and histopathological examination. The results demonstrated that 12 out of 15 farms were infected with IBDV. Genetic analysis revealed that 10 of the 12 identified strains belonged to genogroup 3, which was similar to previous Egyptian strains. The remaining two strains were of genus 1. The VP2 gene's hypervariable region displayed amino acid alterations at several positions. Classic IBDV strains (genogroup 2) showed similar amino acid profiles. Amino acid alterations were identified in the VP2 gene, indicating that classic IBDV strains may cause damage to the bursa of Fabricius, leading to immunosuppression. In Egypt, vvIBDV (very virulent infectious bursal disease virus) strains have led to recurring outbreaks and high chick mortality rates. These findings are anticipated to contribute to the latest features of IBDV in the examined regions. Therefore, it is recommended that IBDV immunization programs in Egypt, where live attenuated virus vaccinations are common, be reevaluated. It is also recommended that the evaluation of clinical signs in broiler chicken flocks over time be monitored for diagnosis.

Abstract In this study, a novel gamma-ray radiation sensor has been developed depending on a 1D photonic crystal (1D-PhC). Based on porous silicon (PSi) layer that has been penetrated by a conjugated copolymer (B-co-MP) which consists of BEHP-PPV and MEH-PPV, with a fractional ratio of 60:40. The suggested method for the development of the dosimeter is based on the shift of photonic band-gap to shorter wavelengths, where exposure to gamma-ray radiation at doses ranging from 0 to 20 kGy alters the refractive index of the (B-co-MP) copolymer. The fitted experimental data, the equation of Bruggeman effective medium, and the transfer matrix method (TMM) are the main axes in the framework of the current theoretical approach. The collected data shows that, within the visible range, the suggested sensor's sensitivity (224 nm/RIU) is high and stable over a 0-20 kGy applied-dose range. Also, we compared these results with previous research.

The post-tanning procedure involves neutralizing the iso-electric point, which ensures that there is no imbalance between carboxylic groups and amino groups. This balance allows for the penetration of dyes, fatliquoring agents, and other chemical materials. Bicarbonate is used during the neutralization phase, and to eliminate it, 4 metric tons of water are needed for each metric ton of leather. Additionally, this leads to an elevation in both Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The objective of the research was to substitute bicarbonate with sodium borate, sodium acetate, and sodium formate, and neutralise syntan to decrease the quantities of pollutants generated from this process, minimize the consumption of water, and improve the quality of the produced leather. Each experimental group's BOD, COD, microscopic micrographs, physical, chemical, and organoleptic parameters were determined. The use of sodium borate, neutralizing syntan, sodium acetate, and sodium formate resulted in a significant decrease in the discharge of BOD, COD, and water consumption. Furthermore, the use of 2.5% sodium borate has proven to be the most effective neutralizing agent in reducing water consumption by 80%, total oxygen demand by 39% and costs of neutralization chemicals by 0.62%. Also, the physical and chemical properties of the leather product were similar to those of the control. Therefore, the leather that has been neutralized with sodium borate is considered to have the best organoleptic characteristics compared to the control.

ABSTRACT: Avian pox is a disease that has devastating impacts on both poultry and wild bird species. Avian pox is caused by various strains of avipoxviruses (APV). Nevertheless, the virus has been detected in pigeons and chickens that are raised in backyard areas, leading to substantial financial damage for small-scale producers. There is a lack of comprehensive information regarding the transmission of APV among birds in the backyards and residential areas. Hence, the present investigation closely monitored and observed APV in domesticated birds residing in backyard areas, with the aim of impeding the transmission of the virus to nearby poultry farms. In 2023, a total of fifty backyard flocks were surveyed for the presence of avian pox disease. Sixteen backyards (14 pigeons and 2 chickens) exhibited warty nodular lesions on their heads and nonfeathered body parts. APV was confirmed in nodular lesions by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and genetic sequencing. All samples from the lesions showed successful amplification of the p4b locus (core protein p4b). Four confirmed samples were tested for pathogenicity on the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Histopathological examination revealed ballooning degeneration and numerous intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (Bollinger bodies) in the ectoderm of the infected CAM. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strains clustered into main clade A, with 11 in subclade A2 and 5 in subclade A1. Amino acid identity showed 100% similarity between the vaccine (fowlpox/VSVRI/Egypt) and some detected strains (PP537574 and PP537575). In addition, the PP537576.1 to PP537580.1 and PP537582.1 to PP537585.1 had 2-point mutations compared to the fowlpox/VSVRI/Egypt vaccine. The overall finding of low biosecurity levels in the investigated backyard birds emphasizes the significance of establishing sanitary measures and control vectors to reduce virus transmission routes and disease severity. In conclusion, it is necessary to emphasize the tracking of APV in backyard birds. Concurrently, we advised enhancing hygiene protocols, vector management, and subsequent vaccination to restrict the occurrence of APV outbreaks and prevent their transmission to neighboring poultry farms. Furthermore, it is crucial to incorporate molecular studies in order to enhance the vaccine seeds for disease management.

Background and Aim: Respiratory viral infections significantly negatively impact animal welfare and have significant financial implications in the poultry industry. This study aimed to determine the frequency of the most economically relevant respiratory viruses that circulated in Egyptian chicken flocks in 2022. Materials and Methods: Chickens from 359 broiler flocks in five different Egyptian governorates in the Nile Delta (Beheira, Gharbia, Giza, Monufiya, and Qalyoubia) at marketing time (33–38 days of age) were used in this study. Combined oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs and tissue samples were collected from clinically diseased or freshly dead birds suffering from respiratory disease. Avian influenza (AI)-H5, AI-H9, Newcastle disease (ND), and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results: Of the 359 flocks examined, 293 tested positive, whereas 66 were completely negative for the four viruses evaluated, with the highest positive results in Beheira. Out of 293 positive flocks, 211 were positive for a single virus, with Beheira having the highest rate, followed by Qalyoubia, Giza, and Monufiya. ND virus (NDV) was found to be the highest across all governorates, followed by IBV, AI-H9, and AI-H5. A double infection was detected in 73 flocks with either H9 or ND, or both H9 and IB could coinfect each other. The most common viral coinfections were H9 + IB, ND + IB, and ND + H9. Giza had the highest prevalence of ND + H9, H9 + IB, and ND + IB coinfection in the governorates, followed by Monufiya and Beheira. Only six out of 359 flocks were tribally infected with ND + H9 + IB in Giza, Monufiya, and Beheira governorates. On the basis of the number of flocks and the month of the year, July had the lowest number of flocks (23), while September and October had the highest number (48 flocks). Positive flock numbers were highest in October and lowest in January. Conclusion: From January to October 2022, prevalent respiratory viral infections (H5N1, NDV, H9N2, and IBV) were detected in broiler chickens across the Delta area governorate, according to the findings of the present study. In addition, IBV and H9, either alone or in combination, significantly contributed to the respiratory infection observed in broiler chickens. Regardless of the type and origin of the vaccine used, it is not possible to protect broiler chickens from the development of the infection and the subsequent dissemination of the virus into the poultry environment. In the presence of face-infectious field virus mutations, poultry vaccinations must be regularly reviewed and updated, and poultry farms must take further biosecurity measures.

Objective: Aspergillosis is a disease that affects several species of birds and causes substantial losses in the poultry business. The purpose of the investigation was to identify the pathogen responsible for a respiratory outbreak among juvenile ducklings. Materials and Methods: An epidemic of Aspergillosis infected a total of 800 Muscovy ducks that were being reared in El-Beheira Governorate. Tissue samples were obtained to isolate suspected fungi from diseased birds and the hatchery environment. In addition, identification and molecular characterization were performed on the obtained fungal isolates. Results: Affected birds displayed acute respiratory manifestations such as difficulty breathing, gasping for air, nasal discharge, and a mortality rate of up to 28.1%. Postmortem examination revealed bronchitis, tracheitis, congested lungs, air sacculitis, severe multifocal granulomatous pneumonia, a congested, enlarged liver, and a congested kidney with nephritis. Mycological examination revealed seven Aspergillus (A.) spp. isolates from ducklings and six from hatcheries. Isolate colonial morphology and microscopical examination were as follows: A. fumigatus, A. niger, Syncephalastrum racemosum, and four untypable isolates. These isolates were further identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) gene was detected. Four representative isolates were submitted for sequencing and further phylogenetic analysis. The source of duckling infection might be linked to the hatchery environment due to the observed similarity of isolates from both affected birds and the hatchery, as evidenced by phylogenetic analysis. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated the significance of appropriate hatchery control in preventing infection in young ducklings. Furthermore, the use of molecular identification techniques would be helpful for tracing the source of infection and rapid diagnosis of Aspergillus in the field. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(4.000): 763-772]

Background and Aim. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes a variety of clinical manifestations, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have crucial functions in immune and inflammatory control. Therefore, this study highlights the impact of TLR2 gene polymorphism on the progression of HBV-linked liver diseases (liver cirrhosis and HCC). Methods. In total, 170 chronic HBV patients and 50 healthy controls of comparable age and gender were included in this case-control study. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging evaluations were conducted. ELISA was used to determine serum IL-6 levels, and TLR2 (rs3804099) genotyping allelic discrimination assay was performed using real-time PCR. Results. IL-6 values were significantly higher in the HCC group, followed by the cirrhotic group, than those in chronic hepatitis and control groups (p

The utilization of natural colorants in textile dyeing and printing has come to the forefront of production of textile goods. Extractions of natural dyes from waste materials and their utilization in coloration of textiles have positive impact economically and ecologically. In this study, red apple (Malus domestica) peel extract was used in dyeing of wool fabric in presence of mordant. Adopting pre-, meta-, and post-mordanting methods; four mordants were used; namely, Fe+2, Cu+2, Al+3, and Sn+2, were used in dyeing of wool with red apple peel (RAP) extract. The effects of various dyeing conditions; namely, dye concentration, pH, time, and temperature of dyeing on the dyeability of wool with RAP extract were studied. The dyeing characteristics of the dyed wool fabrics were assessed by determination of their color strength and the CIELAB color system. The kinetics of dye adsorption were investigated at the assigned optimum dyeing condition. Results of this study proved that the dyeing operation of wool fabric with RAP extract fits well with a second-order reaction. Wool fabrics dyed using meta-mordanting method exhibited adequate to very good fastness properties against washing, rubbing, perspiration, and light.

Gumboro, or infectious bursal disease (IBD), represents a significant threat to poultry worldwide due to its genetic and pathogenic variations. Viruses can mutate and produce new variants, which can have an impact on the epidemiological situation. The study will determine and assess the genetics, protein sequence, and pathogenicity of IBDV present in broiler flocks in different locations within Ismalia and Dakahlia Governorates, Egypt, in 2022. A total of 150 bursa samples were collected from 15 broiler flocks exhibiting symptoms indicative of IBDV infection. The VP2 (viral protein2) gene was partially detected and then subjected to complete gene sequencing in order to summarize the key genetic mutations found and histopathological examination. The results demonstrated that 12 out of 15 farms were infected with IBDV. Genetic analysis revealed that 10 of the 12 identified strains belonged to genogroup 3, which was similar to previous Egyptian strains. The remaining two strains were of genus 1. The VP2 gene's hypervariable region displayed amino acid alterations at several positions. Classic IBDV strains (genogroup 2) showed similar amino acid profiles. Amino acid alterations were identified in the VP2 gene, indicating that classic IBDV strains may cause damage to the bursa of Fabricius, leading to immunosuppression. In Egypt, vvIBDV (very virulent infectious bursal disease virus) strains have led to recurring outbreaks and high chick mortality rates. These findings are anticipated to contribute to the latest features of IBDV in the examined regions. Therefore, it is recommended that IBDV immunization programs in Egypt, where live attenuated virus vaccinations are common, be reevaluated. It is also recommended that the evaluation of clinical signs in broiler chicken flocks over time be monitored for diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was to evaluate the activity of peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, pectin methyl esterase and protease as well as the proximate chemical composition and quality parameters of cactus pear and papaya which were dried by different methods and stored for 6 months. Our findings revealed that the highest moisture content was recorded in osmo – freeze drying of papaya and cactus pear. On the other hand, the browning index of oven dried papaya and cactus pear was higher than those dried with osmotic dehydration and osmo – freeze drying. The less activity of peroxidase was recorded in osmo – freeze drying of papaya and cactus pear. Also, the highest reduction of polyphe-noloxidase activity was noticed in osmo–freeze drying methods. While oven dried pa-paya recorded the highest activity of pectin methyl esterase pectin (0.34 %), complete in-activation was shown in other dried methods after 6 months of storage at 4 ±1℃. Different dried methods of papaya caused to reduce the activity of protease, moreover, complete inac-tivation was observed after 3 months from storage. The quality parameters for sensory evaluation of dried cactus pear and papaya demonstrated that osmo–freeze drying was more favorable to preserve samples followed by osmotic dehydration and oven drying.

Background and Aim. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes a variety of clinical manifestations, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) have crucial functions in immune and inflammatory control. Therefore, this study highlights the impact of TLR2 gene polymorphism on the progression of HBV‐linked liver diseases (liver cirrhosis and HCC). Methods. In total, 170 chronic HBV patients and 50 healthy controls of comparable age and gender were included in this case‐control study. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging evaluations were conducted. ELISA was used to determine serum IL‐6 levels, and TLR2 (rs3804099) genotyping allelic discrimination assay was performed using real‐time PCR. Results. IL‐6 values were significantly higher in the HCC group, followed by the cirrhotic group, than those in chronic hepatitis and control groups (p < 0.001), with a significant correlation with disease activity and progression parameters. TRL2 homozygous TT was the most frequent in the control group, but the CC genotype was significantly more prevalent in the HCC group than that in the other groups. Furthermore, the CC genetic variant was associated with higher levels of IL‐6 and viral load in all HBV patients, whereas the TT genotype was associated with larger tumor size. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that in chronic HBV patients, viral load and TRL2 polymorphism are independent risk factors associated with the progression from chronic hepatitis to liver cirrhosis and to HCC. Similarly, the HBV viral load (p = 0.03, OR = 2.45, and 95% CI: 1.69–3.65), IL‐6 levels (p = 0.04, OR = 3.45, and 95% CI: 2.01–6.9), and TRL2 variants (p = 0.01, OR = 4.25, and 95% CI: 2.14–13.5) are independent risk factors associated with disease progression from cirrhosis to HCC. Conclusion. In chronic HBV patients, TRL2 polymorphism and higher IL‐6 levels were positively correlated with a higher likelihood of HCC and chronic hepatitis B disease activity and progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Avian colibacillosis, which is caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), is a major bacterial disease that affects birds of all ages worldwide, causing significant economic losses. APEC manifests in several clinical forms, including cellulitis, and its high pathogenicity is attributed to harboring numerous virulence-associated genes (VGs). This study evaluated the pathogenicity of the cellulitis-derived E. coli (O78) strain through molecular identification of genes coding for seven virulence factors and by conducting an in vivo assessment of capability for cellulitis induction in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: This study was performed using a previously isolated and identified cellulitis-derived E. coli (O78), which was screened for seven VGs using molecular detection and identification through polymerase chain reaction followed by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Experimental infection by subcutaneous (SC) inoculation in broilers and its pathogenicity was confirmed in vivo by cellulitis induction. The impact of cellulitis on broiler performance was assessed. Results: Molecular genotyping proved that the isolate harbored five virulence genes (iroN, iutA, tsh, iss, and papC) and was negative for stx1 and hly genes. The amplified products for iroN, iss, and iutA were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, and the results indicate the highest similarity and matching with E. coli submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information GenBank. SC inoculation of bacteria in broiler chickens resulted in cellulitis, as indicated by thick red edematous skin with yellowish-white material in the SC tissue at the inoculation site, and the abdominal muscle showed redness and increased vacuolization. Histopathological examination revealed moderate-to-severe caseous inflammatory reaction with a marked accumulation of heterophils and mononuclear cells in the SC fatty tissue. The average feed intake, body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were lower in infected chickens in comparison with those of the control non-infected chickens. Conclusion: This study proves that molecular techniques are accurate for pathogenicity determination in virulent bacteria, with the advantages of being rapid, time-saving, and economical. Cellulitis is associated with economic losses that are represented by a lower BWG and FCR.

Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of the recalled upper minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (MIAVR) J-shaped technique and full standard median sternotomy techniques aortic valve replacement (AVR). Background Over the past 20 years, MIAVR has evolved into a safe, well-tolerated, and efficient surgical treatment option for aortic valve disease. It has been shown to reduce postoperative morbidity, providing faster recovery and rehabilitation, shorter hospital stays, and better cosmetic results, as it reduces the incidences of wound infection owing to small incision length, especially in our diabetic fatty Egyptian female patients. Patients and methods Between September 2017 and March 2019, this study included 50 patients with isolated aortic valve disease. A total of 25 patients (group A) underwent (MIAVR) J-shaped technique and 25 patients (group B) underwent standard AVR, and they were compared with each other. Results In operative data, there were highly significant differences between both groups regarding aortic cross-clamp time, total bypass time, and total operative time (P < 0.001). In postoperative data, there were highly significant differences regarding total hospital stay, pain score in the first, second, third, and fourth day to hospital discharge; and patient satisfaction (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in duration of ICU stay (P = 0.033). There were no mortalities in both groups. Conclusion MIAVR is a feasible procedure despite the narrow operative field that induced long operative times. It is safe with minimal postoperative morbidities, early rehabilitation, and less postoperative pain. Moreover, MIAVR provided cosmetically better wound results, which was immensely satisfying to the patients.

Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 virus is one of the major poultry pathogens associated with severe economic losses in the poultry industry (broiler, layers, breeders, and grandparents’ flocks), especially in endemic regions including the Middle East, North Africa, and Asian countries. This work is an attempt to evaluate the efficacy of whole inactivated H9N2 vaccine (MEFLUVACTM H9) in turkey poults kept under laboratory and commercial farm conditions. Here, 10,000 white turkey poults (1-day old) free from maternally derived immunity against H9N2 virus were divided into four groups; G1 involved 10 vaccinated birds kept under biosafety level-3 (BLS-3) as a laboratory vaccinated and challenged group, while G2 had 9970 vaccinated turkeys raised on a commercial farm. Ten of those birds were moved to BLS-3 for daily cloacal and tracheal swabbing to check for the absence of any life-threating disease, before conducting analyses. G3 (10 birds) served as a non-vaccinated challenged control under BSL-3 conditions, while G4 (10 birds) was used as a non-vaccinated and non-challenged control under BSL-3 conditions. Sera were collected on days 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28-post-vaccinations to monitor the humoral immune response using a hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. At these same intervals, cloacal and tracheal swabs were also checked for any viral infection. The challenge was conducted 28 days post-vaccination (PV) using AI-H9N2 in BSL-3 by intranasal inoculation of 6-log10 embryo infective dose50 (EID50). At 3-, 6-, and 10-days post-challenge, oropharyngeal swabs were taken from challenged birds to quantify viral shedding by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results of this study showed that vaccinated groups (G1/2) developed HI titers of 1.38, 4.38, 5.88, and 7.25 log2 in G1 vs. 1.2, 3.8, 4.9 and 6.2 log2 in G2 when measured at 7-, 14-, 21- and 28-days PV, respectively, while undetectable levels were recorded in non-vaccinated groups (G3/4). Birds in G3 showed 90% clinical sickness vs. 10% and 20% in G1/2, respectively, over a 10-day monitoring period following challenge. Vaccinated birds showed a significant reduction in virus shedding in terms of the number of shedders, amount of shed virus and shedding interval over the non-vaccinated challenged birds. Regarding mortality, all groups did not show any mortality, which confirms that the circulating H9N2 virus still has low pathogenicity and cannot cause mortality. However, the virus may cause up to 90% clinical sickness in non-vaccinated birds vs. 10% and 20% in laboratory- and farm-vaccinated birds, respectively, highlighting the role of the vaccine in limiting clinical sickness cases. In conclusion, under the current trial circumstances, MEFLUVACTM-H9 provided protective seroconversion titers, significant clinical sickness protection and significant reduction in virus shedding either in laboratory- or farm-vaccinated groups after a single vaccine dose.

Objective To investigate the effect of treadmill training with eyes open (TEO) and closed (TEC) on the knee joint position sense (JPS), functional balance and mobility in children with spastic diplegia. Methods Forty-five children with spastic diplegia aged 11–13 years participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to three groups of equal number. The control group (CON) underwent designed physical therapy program whereas, the study groups (TEO and TEC) underwent the same program, in addition to treadmill gait training with eyes open and closed, respectively. Outcome measures were the degree of knee joint position error, functional balance and mobility. Measurements were taken before and after 12 weeks of intervention. Results After training, the three groups showed statistically significant improvement in all measured outcomes, compared to the baseline with non-significant change in the knee JPS in the CON group. When comparing posttreatment results, the TEC group showed greater significant improvement in all measured outcomes, than the TEO and CON groups. Conclusion Treadmill training with eyes open and closed is effective in rehabilitation of children with diplegia, but blocked vision treadmill training has more beneficial effect.

Purpose To compare the effects of intra-anal biofeedback (BF) and intra-anal electrical stimulation (ES) on pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) activity, nocturnal bladder capacity, and frequency of wet night episodes in children with refractory primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE). Methods Ninety children of both sexes aged 8–12 years with refractory PMNE participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to 3 groups of equal number: control group (CON) that underwent behavioral therapy and PFM training, and 2 study groups (BF and ES) that underwent the same program in addition to intra-anal BF training and intra-anal ES, respectively. PFMs activity was assessed using electromyography, nocturnal bladder capacity was evaluated by measuring the first morning voided volume, and a nocturnal enuresis diary was used for documenting wet night episodes before treatment and after 3 months of treatment. Results After training, all groups showed statistically significant improvements in all measured outcomes compared to their pretreatment findings. The ES group showed significantly greater improvements in all measured outcomes than the CON and BF groups. Conclusions Both intra-anal BF training and ES combined with behavioral therapy and PFMs training were effective in the treatment of PMNE, with intra-anal ES being superior to BF training.

The aim of the present study was to assess in vitro the antiradical and antioxidant activities of successive extracts and semi-purified fractions from Rumex vesicarius L. In the present work, three extracts (n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol) and 22 column fractions of methanolic extract (as promising extract) were evaluated against 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging methods as antiradical and antioxidant activities compared with Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as synthetic standard and silver nanoparticles of methanolic extract (Ag-NPs-Me), in addition to analysis of chemical constituents of extract and fraction using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The obtained results revealed that, both methods go parallel showing that the concentration of extract and incubation time are dependent and proportional with phenolic compounds concentration. Absolute methanol extract recorded the highest antioxidant activity when compared with the other crude extracts with 79.3 and 78.8% against DPPH and ABTS respectively when compared with BHT as synthetic standard (89.4 and 89.9%) against DPPH and ABTS respectively. Calculation of the antiradical activity units showed the highest values of methanolic extract and its promising fraction (No. 12) after 300 seconds (5 minutes) comparing with antioxidant activity (30 min). Also, the antioxidant activity increased with synthetic Ag-NPs-Me when compared with methanolic extract by (IC50= 53.9 and 74.6 µg/ml respectively). Thus, the GC-MS analysis of successive extracts of R. vesicarius L showed a highly complex profile, containing approximately 24 different components. One pure compound was identified from fraction No. 12. The identified compound was l-(+)- ascorbic acid 2, 6-dihexadecanoate. The data also revealed presence of closely similar antioxidant activities in methanolic extract or its pure compounds with BHT when mixed at different proportions. From the obtained results it could be concluded that R. vesicarius methanolic extracts and fractions can be extensively used in the production of potential antioxidant, antiradical and AgNPs-Me for biomedical application on the consumer’s health.