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Background: Workplace bullying is a social and organizational problem within the nursing profession; this phenomenon has significant negative effects and is closely associated with leadership styles. Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationship between workplace bullying for nurses and leadership styles. Design: A descriptive correlational design was used in this study. Setting: This study was conducted at El-Obour Hospital for Health Insurance, Kafr El-Sheikh Branch. Sample: Consisted of a representative sample of staff nurses (N=295). Tools: Two tools were used for data collection: The Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ). Results: (61.7%) of staff nurses were highly exposed to workplace bullying. Also, the most dominant style was laissez-faire leadership, with the highest mean percentage of respondents. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between staff nurses' exposure to workplace bullying and transformational leadership. There was also a statistically significant negative correlation between staff nurses' exposure to workplace bullying and transactional leadership. While, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between staff nurses' exposure to workplace bullying and laissez-faire leadership. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant, negative correlation between staff nurses' exposure to workplace bullying (r =-0.285, p< 0.001) and leadership styles. Recommendation: Healthcare organizations should suggest policies and rules to prevent bullying and punish bullies. Nurse Managers should encourage staff nurses to report workplace bullying incidents. Further studies: Explore the staff nurses' perceptions about bullying before and after applying a training program about bullying and strategies to deal with it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although dysbiosis and the role of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases have been intensively investigated, fungal colonization or infection has received minimal attention. Aims: To isolate and identify different fungal species namely Candida, Dermatophytes, Malassezia, and Aspergillus from plaque psoriasis patients, evaluate the association of IL‐17A gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with psoriasis, and to reveal the relation between IL‐17A gene SNPs and the fungal presence within the psoriatic plaques. Patients/Methods: Fifty plaque psoriasis patients and fifty healthy age and sex volunteers as controls were enrolled in this study. From psoriatic plaques, mycological isolation was done by direct microscopic examination (10% KOH mount), culture onto the three sets of media then species identification by phenotypic procedures. Genomic DNA extraction and genotyping for IL‐17A (rs10484879) SNPs using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism were also done. Results: Psoriasis cases showed higher frequency of fungal growth 86% vs. 14% in controls; (p < 0.001). The frequency of IL‐17A GA, AA, and total polymorphism (GA+AA) genotypes in psoriasis cases was significantly higher than in controls. There was non‐significant association between different IL‐17A genotypes and fungal growth except Aspergillus flavus, which decreased gradually with GG, GA, and AA (37.5%, 20.8%, and 0%, respectively). Conclusions: Psoriasis cases are significantly associated with fungal growth, which may be a contributing factor in its pathogenesis. SNPs of IL‐17A (rs10484879) G/A gene led to increased susceptibility toward pathogenesis of psoriasis. Fungal growth and IL‐17A GA+AA genotypes are suggested to be independent predictors of psoriasis susceptibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: alterations in the level of hormones including thyroid hormones lead to physiological/clinical abnormalities. Aim of work: this study aimed to illustrate the protective effect of Trigonella, Allium sativum or their mixture against hyperthyroidism induced by L-thyroxin in male albino rats. Materials and methods: thirty albino rats were divided randomly into five groups. Group A: healthy rats, Group B: normal rats were subcutaneously injected with 500 µg/kg body weight L-thyroxin once daily for two weeks to induce hyperthyroidism, Group C: hyperthyroid rats received oral dose of 250 µg/kg body weight/day Trigonella extract. Group D: hyperthyroid rats received oral dose of 250 µg/kg body weight/day Allium sativum extract. Group E: hyperthyroid rats received mixture of Trigonella and Allium sativum extract. At the end of the experiment. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Results: hyperthyroid rats had significant increase (P<0.05) in serum levels of triodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), TG, VLDL, AST, ALP, BUN and uric acid as well as a significant decrease in TSH, LDL, HDL, LDL/HDL and TC, total protein and percentage of body weight change compared to the normal control group. Oral administration of these extracts ameliorated most of the tested parameters. Conclusion: This study concluded that Allium sativum, Trigonella or their mixture have a protective effect against hyperthyroidism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]