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C22H14Br3N7S, H2O, triclinic, P 1‾ $\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 8.9098(17) Å, b = 9.422(2) Å, c = 15.702(4) Å, α = 86.453(9)°, β = 78.382(7)°, γ = 69.477(7)°, V = 1209.1(5) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt (F) = 0.0315, wRref (F 2) = 0.0802, T = 100(2) K.

C20H28N2OS, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 6.7356(10) Å, b = 10.8739(15) Å, c = 13.245(2) Å, α = 75.580(7)°, β = 78.612(7)°, γ = 87.564(7)°, V = 921.0(2) Å3, Z = 2, R gt(F) = 0.0796, wR ref(F 2) = 0.2666, T = 100(2) K.

Mohamed Tarek El-Naggar,1 Rania Serag Elkitkat,2–5 Hossam El-din Ziada,6 Louise Pellegrino Gomes Esporcatte,7–9 Renato Ambrósio Jr7–11 1Refractive Surgery Unit, Ophthalmology Department, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt; 2Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; 3Watany Eye Hospital, Cairo, Egypt; 4Watany Research and Development Center, Cairo, Egypt; 5Ophthalmology Department, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt; 6Cornea and Refractive Surgery Unit, Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, AL-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 7Rio de Janeiro Corneal Tomography and Biomechanics Study Group, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 8Instituto de Olhos Renato Ambrósio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 9Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 10Brazilian Study Group of Artificial Intelligence and Corneal Analysis - BrAIN, Rio de Janeiro& Maceió, Brazil; 11Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, BrazilCorrespondence: Mohamed Tarek El-Naggar, Email drtarekelnaggar@hotmail.com

Mohamed Tarek El-Naggar,1 Rania Serag Elkitkat,2– 5 Hossam El-din Ziada,6 Louise Pellegrino Gomes Esporcatte,7– 9 Renato Ambrósio Jr7– 11 1Refractive Surgery Unit, Ophthalmology Department, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt; 2Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; 3Watany Eye Hospital, Cairo, Egypt; 4Watany Research and Development Center, Cairo, Egypt; 5Ophthalmology Department, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt; 6Cornea and Refractive Surgery Unit, Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, AL-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 7Rio de Janeiro Corneal Tomography and Biomechanics Study Group, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 8Instituto de Olhos Renato Ambrósio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 9Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 10Brazilian Study Group of Artificial Intelligence and Corneal Analysis - BrAIN, Rio de Janeiro & Maceió, Brazil; 11Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, BrazilCorrespondence: Mohamed Tarek El-Naggar, Email drtarekelnaggar@hotmail.comPurpose: To evaluate preoperative risk factors (mainly those related to corneal topography/tomography) for post-LASIK ectasia development.Methods: A retrospective case review for post-LASIK ectasia for myopia or myopic astigmatism. The evaluated data included preoperative subjective refraction, method of flap creation, and topometric/tomographic parameters from Oculus Pentacam, including subjective curvature pattern, topometric, elevation, and pachymetric indices from the Belin Ambrosio display “BAD”, and the Pentacam Random Forest Index (PRFI). Moreover, preoperative ectasia detection indices were calculated (including Percentage of Tissue Altered “PTA” index, Randleman Ectasia Risk Score System “ERSS”, and Navarro Index for Corneal Ectasia “NICE”).Results: Twenty-four eyes of 15 patients were enrolled. Concerning the risk factors, age was lower than 25 in 19 eyes (79%); flaps were created using a microkeratome in 17 eyes (70.8%); thinnest pachymetry was lower than 510μm in eight eyes (33%); total deviation from BAD was higher than 1.6 in 50%; Ambrósio’s relational thickness (ART) max was lower than 340 in 45.83%; PTA index was higher than 40% in 16%; ERSS was more than 3 points in 62.5%; NICE was higher than 8 points in three eyes (12.5%); PRFI index was more than 0.125 in 87.5%; two eyes (8%) had no identifiable risk factors.Conclusion: Current ectasia risk assessment criteria were insufficient for detecting a relatively large number of cases. There is an unequivocal need for more information, which may be derived from biomechanical assessment and epithelial thickness mapping. Novel corneal tomography indices derived from artificial intelligence may increase accuracy in characterizing ectasia susceptibility.Keywords: cornea ectasia, preoperative ectasia risk assessment, LASIK screening, Pentacam

The enormous industrial usage of nickel during its manufacture and recycling has led to widespread environmental pollution. This study was designed to examine the ability of Gelidium amansii biomass to biosorb Ni2+ ions from an aqueous solution. Six independent variables, including contact time (1.0 and 3.0 h), pH (4 and 7), Ni2+ concentration (25 and 200 mg·L−1), temperature (25°C and 50°C), G. amansii biomass (1.0 and 4.0 g·L−1), and agitation mode (agitation or static), were investigated to detect the significance of each factor using a Plackett–Burman design. The analysis of variance for the Ni2+ biosorption percentage indicated that three independent variables (contact time, temperature, and agitation–static mode) exhibited a high level of significance in the Ni2+ biosorption process. Twenty experiments were conducted containing six axial, eight factorial, and six replicates points at center points. The resulting face-centered central composite design analysis data for the biosorption of Ni2+ exhibited a very large variation in the removal percentage of Ni2+, which ranged from 29.73 to 100.00%. The maximum Ni2+ biosorption percentage was achieved in the 16th run with an experimental percentage quantified as 100.00% under the experimental conditions of 3 h of incubation time and 45°C with 100 rpm for agitation speed.

Doaa Abdallah El-Naggar,1 Laila Mohammed Ahmad El-Zalabany,1 Doaa Abdelhalim Shahin,2 Afaf Mahmoud Attia,1 Shaaban Abdelfattah El-Mosallamy1 1Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahliya, Egypt; 2Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahliya, EgyptCorrespondence: Doaa Abdallah El-Naggar, Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Tel +20 1063433525, Dakahliya, Egypt, Email dr_doaaelnaggar@yahoo.comBackground: Chloroxylenol (para-chloro-meta-xylenol, PCMX) is claimed to be highly harmful both to humans and the environment. Toxic effects of PCMX on testicular functions are scarcely discussed in the literature.Aim of Study: To study testicular toxic effects of PCMX on male Sprague-Dawley rats.Materials and Methods: Forty animals were randomly distributed into three groups: negative control (G I), vehicle group (G II) and PCMX group (G III). PCMX group was subdivided into three subgroups: GIIIa: received PCMX 100 mg/kg, GIIIb: received PCMX 200 mg/kg and G IIIc: received PCMX 500 mg/kg. Hormonal assay included assessment of serum testosterone and estradiol levels. Histopathological examination of testicular tissue, analysis of cellular viability, necrosis and apoptosis in testicular tissue by flow cytometry, analysis of cellular DNA content and phases of cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry were also performed.Results: Rats in the groups exposed to PCMX (G IIIa, G IIIb and G IIIc) had significantly lower estradiol and testosterone levels in comparison to control groups (G I and GII). Histopathological examination of testicular tissue of PCMX-exposed rats showed irregular crossly sectioned seminiferous tubules with their lumina containing scanty spermatids and spermatozoa. G IIIc animals showed eosinophilic proteinaceous material and vacuolated and necrotic interstitial cells of Leydig. Rats in PCMX-exposed groups (G IIIa, G IIIb and G IIIc) showed significantly lower testicular tissue viability in comparison to control groups (G I and G II). Rats in PCMX-exposed groups (G IIIa, G IIIb and G IIIc) showed significantly lower percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase in comparison to control groups (G I and G II).Conclusion: Rats exposed to PCMX had significant reduction in testosterone and estradiol levels with marked histopathological alterations affecting testicular tissues. These effects are dose-dependent.Keywords: chloroxylenol toxicity, testicular toxicity, cell cycle, semen analysis

Mohamed F El-Badawy,1 Fatma I Abou-Elazm,2 Mohamed S Omar,3 Mostafa E El-Naggar,4 Ibrahim A Maghrabi5 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt; 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt; 3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13508, Egypt; 4Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt; 5Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21974, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Mohamed F El-BadawyDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897 EgyptTel +20 103-205-9964Email Mohamed.Elbadawy@fop.usc.edu.egBackground: Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is one of the most important nosocomial pathogens responsible for a wide range of infections.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the existence of the plasmidic genes encoding for aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs), 16S rRNA methyltransferases (RMT), and the altered dihydropetroate synthase (DHPS) encoded by the sul1 gene among A. baumannii clinical isolates collected from Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The mutations in aac(6ʹ)-Ib and sul1 genes were also investigated.Methods: Forty A. baumannii clinical isolates were investigated for their susceptibility to ten antibiotics. The plasmid DNA was extracted and screened for nine genes encoding for aminoglycoside resistance in addition to the sul1 gene. The clonal relatedness was determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR. Mutation in aac(6ʹ)-Ib and the sul1 genes were detected by capillary electrophoresis sequencing (CES).Results: All isolates were A. baumannii in which 42.5% of them exhibited a high level of aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR). The most prevalent AMEs and RMT encoding genes were aph(3ʹ)-VI, the two aac(6ʹ) gene variants [aac(6ʹ)-Ib and aac(6ʹ)-SL], ant(3ʹʹ)-I, and armA in which 90%, 87.5%, 85%, and 45% of isolates tested positive, respectively. The other investigated aminoglycoside resistant encoding genes, namely aac(3)-II, aac(6ʹ)-II, and rmtB, were not detected. Only 15% of isolates harbored the sul1 gene. RAPD-PCR classified the 40 isolates into three clusters in which cluster II was the main cluster. DNA sequencing revealed that 34.29% (12/35) of isolates tested positive for aac(6ʹ)-Ib were found to harbor a common missense mutation in position 102 indicating a novel allelic variant named aac(6ʹ)-SL. Also, DNA sequencing revealed three missense mutations in the sul1 gene.Conclusion: This is the first Saudi study to investigate the plasmid borne aminoglycoside and sulfonamide resistance genes among A. baumannii clinical isolates. A novel allelic variant for aac(6ʹ)-Ib was detected in addition to novel mutations in the sul1 gene.Keywords: AMEs, armA, RAPD-PCR, A. baumannii, 16S rRNA

INTRODUCTION: Energy-reducing spinal cord stimulation (SCS) approaches have the potential to impact patient experience with rechargeable and non-rechargeable SCS devices through reducing device recharge time or enhancing device longevity. This prospective, multi-center study evaluated the safety, effectiveness, and actual energy usage of differential target multiplexed (DTM) endurance therapy, a reduced energy DTM SCS derivative. METHODS: Subjects who reported an overall pain visual analog score (VAS) of ≥6/10 cm and an Oswestry Disability Index score of 21-80 out of 100 at baseline with moderate to severe chronic, intractable back and/or leg pain were eligible. Evaluation visits occurred at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-device activation. The primary objective was to characterize change in overall pain intensity, as measured by VAS, from baseline to 3-month visit. RESULTS: Fifty-seven subjects enrolled at 12 US sites from November 2020 through June 2021, 35 were implanted with a rechargeable SCS device, and 27 completed the 12-month visit. Subjects experienced a 50.4% mean reduction in overall pain from baseline at the 3-month follow-up that was sustained through 12 months. Additional outcomes including changes in overall, back, and leg pain intensity, quality of life, disability, therapy satisfaction, safety, and current battery usage are shown through 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: The use of DTM endurance SCS therapy in this study resulted in reductions in pain relief through 12 months, demonstrating that energy-reducing stimulation patterns can provide clinical benefit. Clinically effective, reduced energy SCS derivatives have the potential to impact patient experience through either reduced recharge requirements or increased device longevity.

Sobhi M Gomha,1,2 Hyam A Abdelhady,2 Doaa ZH Hassain,2 Aboubakr H Abdelmonsef,3 Mohamed El-Naggar,4 Mahmoud M Elaasser,5 Huda K Mahmoud2 1Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University in Almadinah Almonawara, Almadinah Almonawara, 42351, Saudi Arabia; 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Cairo, Giza, Egypt; 3Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt; 4Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; 5The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11371, EgyptCorrespondence: Sobhi M Gomha Email s.m.gomha@gmail.comAboubakr H Abdelmonsef Email aboubakr.ahmed@sci.svu.edu.egIntroduction: Hybrid drug design has developed as a prime method for the development of novel anticancer therapies that can theoretically solve much of the pharmacokinetic disadvantages of traditional anticancer drugs. Thus a number of studies have indicated that thiazole-thiophene hybrids and their bis derivatives have important anticancer activity. Mammalian Rab7b protein is a member of the Rab GTPase protein family that controls the trafficking from endosomes to the TGN. Alteration in the Rab7b expression is implicated in differentiation of malignant cells, causing cancer.Methods: 1-(4-Methyl-2-(2-(1-(thiophen-2-yl) ethylidene) hydrazinyl) thiazol-5-yl) ethanone was used as building block for synthesis of novel series of 5-(1-(2-(thiazol-2-yl) hydrazono) ethyl) thiazole derivatives. The bioactivities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated with respect to their antitumor activities against MCF-7 tumor cells using MTT assay. Computer-aided docking protocol was performed to study the possible molecular interactions between the newly synthetic thiazole compounds and the active binding site of the target protein Rab7b. Moreover, the in silico prediction of adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) and toxicity (T) properties of synthesized compounds were carried out using admetSAR tool.Results: The results obtained showed that derivatives 9 and 11b have promising activity (IC50 = 14.6 ± 0.8 and 28.3 ± 1.5 μM, respectively) compared to Cisplatin (IC50 = 13.6 ± 0.9 μM). The molecular docking analysis reveals that the synthesized compounds are predicted to be fit into the binding site of the target Rab7b. In summary, the synthetic thiazole compounds 1– 17 could be used as potent inhibitors as anticancer drugs.Conclusion: Promising anticancer activity of compounds 9 and 11 compared with cisplatin reference drug suggests that these ligands may contribute as lead compounds in search of new anticancer agents to combat chemo-resistance.Keywords: thiazoles, hydrazones, hydrazonoyl halides, docking, Rab7b, MCF-7