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This research will look at hydrate inhibition, mainly by mono-ethylene-glycol and how this differently affects other areas, and how recovered again. The aim of this study will highlight the current monoethylene-glycol requirement in deep marine gas plant, the wells that still require mono-ethylene-glycol, and the others that do not, along with the volumes needed for inhibition. This search will also provide information of the future requirement for mono-ethylene-glycol in deep marine gas plant, and what options are available to reduce the quantity of MEG required to be injected safely without any impact on production. As it was injected about 14 cubic meter of mono ethylene glycol into the wells, the potential saving from this optimization by using HYSIS program is 3.65 Million dollar / year. Due to the rapidly decline on most wells and increasing aqueous received, the concentration of MEG in aqueous received from wells was lower than the on spec condition of existing MEG recovery unit. So, different scenarios were proposed starting from minimum concentration of MEG, required to operate MEG recovery unit and ending with the maximum concentration. HYSYS simulation program was used to estimate the saved cost of operating the MEG recovery unit at minimum and maximum concentrations which are 35,377,688 $ / year and 409,188,219 $ / year respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation and the blockage of plant equipment such as heat exchangers by heavy hydrocarbon (HHC) solids is an inherent risk in cryogenic natural gas processing. The accuracy of the gas mixture's compositional characterization significantly impacts the reliability of solid formaiton temperature predictions. Recently, we showed that complete characterization of the mixture is necessary to obtain accurate predictions of the melting temperature, as current methods based on pseudocomponent characterizations of HHCs are inadequate. Here, we present an improved method of characterizing HHCs that represents each pseudocomponent up to C14+ by a paraffinic, isoparaffinic, naphthenic and aromatic (PINA) composition and allocates an associated defined component to represent these sub-fractions. This new, extended PINA-based characterization of HHC pseudocomponents is derived from 46 different pipeline natural gas samples, and the method is validated against three representative gas samples that were fully characterized. The melting temperatures of the three gas samples based on their full characterizations are 263.2 K (14.1 °F), 260.1 K (8.5 °F) and 248.3 K (−12.8 °F), respectively. Predictions made with the new method match these within (1 to 2) K, while previous correlation methods under-predict them by (10 to 20) K. The improved performance arises from (1) the selection of suitable discrete components to represent each PINA fraction within a pseudocomponent, (2) the more representative distribution of PINA fractions as a function of carbon number, and (3) the use of discrete components to represent the pseudocomponent's thermodynamic properties in both the fluid and solid phases. These results show how the new characterization method can reliably predict HHC freeze-out conditions, particularly when a full compositional analysis is unavailable. Future research should aim to test the new method on natural gas samples from regions other than the US Gulf Coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas-to-liquid (GTL) is the chemical conversion of natural gas into high-quality liquid products. The most important reforming technologies used are autothermal reforming (ATR), Partial oxidation (POX), and Steam methane reforming (SMR). A process flowsheet based on each reforming technique is designed with parameters and operating conditions obtained from the industry field data and simulated with ASPEN plus V8.6. A comparative analysis is mainly developed for assessing the different reforming technologies based on syngas ratio (H2/CO) that is a favorable value of 2, and the results are documented and provide that ATR and POX techniques have a value equal or close to 2, then an additional comparison between ATR and POX based on Amount of Syngas, amount of heat saving and greenhouse gas emissions. POX is the most influential technique that has a large amount of syngas and heat saving and low CO2 content and should be expanded use in industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]