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The alkaloid-rich fraction obtained by fractionation of the crude methanolic extract of the leaves of wild tobacco tree Nicotiana glauca Graham (Solanaceae) was analyzed using UPLC-MS and GC-MS. Anabasine, a piperidine alkaloid, was identified as the major constituent with approximately 60 % (m/m) of the alkaloid-rich fraction. In addition to anabasine, six secondary metabolites were identified using high-resolution UPLC-MS. Anabasine was quantified in the leaves to be 1 mg g−1 dry plant material. The GC-MS analysis revealed five compounds with anabasine as the major component, while nicotine was not detected. Moreover, GC-MS was used for the analysis of the volatile oil that was obtained by hydro-distillation from the leaves of N. glauca. The volatile plant oil was found to be rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes (e.g., β-bisabolol) and carboxylic acids and esters (e.g., ethyl linoleate and hexadecanoic acid), whereas anabasine was not detected.

The glyoxalase system, particularly glyoxalase-I (GLO-I), has been approved as a potential target for cancer treatment. In this study, a set of structurally diverse polyphenolic natural compounds were investigated as potential GLO-I inhibitors. Ellagic acid was found, computationally and experimentally, to be the most potent GLO-I inhibitor among the tested compounds which showed an IC50 of 0.71 mmol L−1. Its binding to the GLO-I active site seemed to be mainly driven by ionic interaction via its ionized hydroxyl groups with the central Zn ion and Lys156, along with other numerous hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Due to its unique and rigid skeleton, it can be utilized to search for other novel and potent GLO-I inhibitors via computational approaches such as pharmacophore modeling and similarity search methods. Moreover, an inspection of the docked poses of the tested compounds showed that chlorogenic acid and dihydrocaffeic acid could be considered as lead compounds worthy of further optimization.

The phytochemical composition of Asphodelus aestivus Brot., a plant with therapeutic properties in traditional medicine, remains largely unexplored, particularly in the specific environmental conditions of Jordan. This study utilized advanced LC-MS techniques to comprehensively analyze the secondary metabolites of a plant species endemic to Jordan. The development of the LC-MS method involved optimizing parameters such as solvent composition, gradient elution, and ionization techniques to achieve comprehensive metabolite profiling. The method was validated to ensure accurate, precise, sensitive, and specific identification and quantification of the compounds. Our analysis identified seven distinct compounds, including both familiar molecules and more complex anthrones and glycosides. This finding emphasizes the wide range of chemical compounds found in the plant and highlights the distinct chemical variations influenced by regional environmental factors. These findings contribute to our understanding of Asphodelus aestivus Brot. and highlight the potential therapeutic uses of its distinct phytochemical composition. This research makes a significant contribution to the field of plant-based natural products by combining modern analytical methods with traditional medicinal knowledge to investigate the complex phytochemical composition of Asphodelus aestivus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) has been used for the first time, for direct determination of warfarin and its major metabolite, 7-hydroxywarfarin, in rat plasma. The simple and sensitive method was developed using Fortis® reversed-phase diphenyl column (150 × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) and a mobile phase composed of phosphate buffer (25 mmol L−1)/methanol/acetonitrile (70:20:10, V/V/V), adjusted to pH 7.4, at a flow rate of 0.8 mL min−1. The diphenyl chemistry of the stationary phase provided a unique selectivity for separating the structurally related aromatic analytes, warfarin and 7-hydroxywarfarin, allowing their successful quantification in the complex plasma matrix. The method was linear over the range 0.01–25 μg mL−1, for warfarin and 7-hydroxywarfarin, and was found to be accurate, precise and selective in accordance with US FDA guidance for bioanalytical method validation. The method was sensitive enough to quantify 0.01 μg mL−1 of warfarin and 7-hydroxywarfarin (LLOQ) using only 100 μL of plasma. The applicability of this method was demonstrated by analyzing samples obtained from rats after oral administration of a single warfarin dose, and studying warfarin and 7-hydroxywarfarin pharmacokinetics.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy associated with malignant plasma cell proliferation in the bone marrow. Despite the available treatments, drug resistance and adverse side effects pose significant challenges, underscoring the need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Natural products, like the fungal metabolite neosetophomone B (NSP‐B), have emerged as potential therapeutic agents due to their bioactive properties. Our study investigated NSP‐B's antitumor effects on MM cell lines (U266 and RPMI8226) and the involved molecular mechanisms. NSP‐B demonstrated significant growth inhibition and apoptotic induction, triggered by reduced AKT activation and downregulation of the inhibitors of apoptotic proteins and S‐phase kinase protein. This was accompanied by an upregulation of p21Kip1 and p27Cip1 and an elevated Bax/BCL2 ratio, culminating in caspase‐dependent apoptosis. Interestingly, NSP‐B also enhanced the cytotoxicity of bortezomib (BTZ), an existing MM treatment. Overall, our findings demonstrated that NSP‐B induces caspase‐dependent apoptosis, increases cell damage, and suppresses MM cell proliferation while improving the cytotoxic impact of BTZ. These findings suggest that NSP‐B can be used alone or in combination with other medicines to treat MM, highlighting its importance as a promising phytoconstituent in cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]