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1. The economic well-being of nations is associated with positive daily situational experiences

Author

Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, E, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Mottola, F, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Thi Thu Bui, H, Gardiner G., Lee D. I., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki E., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Mottola F., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Thi Thu Bui H., Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, E, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Mottola, F, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Thi Thu Bui, H, Gardiner G., Lee D. I., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki E., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Mottola F., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., and Thi Thu Bui H.

Abstract

People in economically advantaged nations tend to evaluate their life as more positive overall and report greater well-being than people in less advantaged nations. But how does positivity manifest in the daily life experiences of individuals around the world? The present study asked 15,244 college students from 62 nations, in 42 languages, to describe a situation they experienced the previous day using the Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ). Using expert ratings, the overall positivity of each situation was calculated for both nations and individuals. The positivity of the average situation in each nation was strongly related to the economic development of the nation as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). For individuals’ daily experiences, the economic status of their nation also predicted the positivity of their experience, even more than their family socioeconomic status. Further analyses revealed the specific characteristics of the average situations for higher HDI nations that make their experiences more positive. Higher HDI was associated with situational experiences involving humor, socializing with others, and the potential to express emotions and fantasies. Lower HDI was associated with an increase in the presence of threats, blame, and hostility, as well as situational experiences consisting of family, religion, and money. Despite the increase in a few negative situational characteristics in lower HDI countries, the overall average experience still ranged from neutral to slightly positive, rather than negative, suggesting that greater HDI may not necessarily increase positive experiences but rather decrease negative experiences. The results illustrate how national economic status influences the lives of individuals even within a single instance of daily life, with large and powerful consequences when accumulated across individuals within each nation.

Published
2023

2. Who in the world is trying to change their personality traits? Volitional personality change among college students in six continents

Author

Baranski E., Gardiner G., Lee D., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C. E., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Forero D. A., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hroebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Das A., Lavalekar A., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Polovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Smederevac S., Hong R., Barry O., Halama P., Musek J., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Bui H. T. T., Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Baranski, E, Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hroebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Das, A, Lavalekar, A, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Polovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Smederevac, S, Hong, R, Barry, O, Halama, P, Musek, J, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Baranski, E., Gardiner, G., Lee, D., Funder, D. C., Beramendi, M., Bastian, B., Neubauer, A., Cortez, D., Roth, E., Torres, A., Zanini, Z., Petkova, K., Tracy, J., Amiot, C. E., Pelletierdumas, M., González, R., Rosenbluth, A., Salgado, S., Guan, Y., Yang, Y., Buchtel, E. E., Wai-Lan Yeung, V., Forero, D. A., Camargo, A., Jerneic, Z., Hrõebícková, M., Graf, S., Strøbæk, P., Realo, A., Becker, M., Maisonneuve, C., El-Astal, S., Lado, V., Ziegler, M., Penke, L., Rauthmann, J., Kun, A., Gadanecz, P., Vass, Z., Smohai, M., Das, A., Lavalekar, A., Rechter, E., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Senese, V. P., Perugini, M., Costantini, G., Komiya, A., Sato, T., Nakata, Y., Kawamoto, S., Al-Zoubi, M., Owsley, N., Jang, C., Mburu, G., Ngina, I., Dimdins, G., Barkauskiene, R., Laurinavicius, A., Markovikj, M., Serafimovska, E., Mastor, K. A., Kruse, E., Ramírezesparza, N., Denissen, J., Van Aken, M., Fischer, R., Onyishi, I. E., Ogba, K. T., Lekne, Waldal Holen, V., Hansen, I., Tamnes, C. K., Klæva, K., Rizwan, M., Kausar, R., Khan, N., Gastardo- Conaco, M. C., Malaya, D., Szarota, P., Izdebski, P., İstinye Üniversitesi, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, and Akalin, Pelin Karakus

Subjects
Volition, College Students, Volitional personality change, Sociology and Political Science, Social Psychology, College student, 4. Education, 05 social sciences, Emotions, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, 050109 social psychology, Cross-cultural, Personality Disorders, 050105 experimental psychology, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Students, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Personality
Abstract

Recent research conducted largely in the United States suggests that most people would like to change one or more of their personality traits. Yet almost no research has investigated the degree to which and in what ways volitional personality change (VPC), or individuals' active efforts toward personality change, might be common around the world. Through a custom-built website, 13,278 college student participants from 55 countries and one of a larger country (Hong Kong, S.A.R.) using 42 different languages reported whether they were currently trying to change their personality and, if so, what they were trying to change. Around the world, 60.40% of participants reported that they are currently trying to change their personalities, with the highest percentage in Thailand (81.91%) and the lowest in Kenya (21.41%). Among those who provide open-ended responses to the aspect of personality they are trying to change, the most common goals were to increase emotional stability (29.73%), conscientiousness (19.71%), extraversion (15.94%), and agreeableness (13.53%). In line with previous research, students who are trying to change any personality trait tend to have relatively low levels of emotional stability and happiness. Moreover, those with relatively low levels of socially desirable traits reported attempting to increase what they lacked. These principal findings were generalizable around the world. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Published
2021

3. International optimism: Correlates and consequences of dispositional optimism across 61 countries

Author

Baranski, E, Sweeny, K, Gardiner, G, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, A, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Buchtel, E, Wai-Lan Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Das, A, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Cecilia, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Thu Bui, H, Baranski E., Sweeny K., Gardiner G., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker A., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Buchtel E., Wai-Lan Yeung V., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Das A., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Mastor K., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Aken M. V., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Cecilia M. G. -C. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., Kock F. D., Han G., Suh E. M. M., Choi S., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Thu Bui H. T., Baranski, E, Sweeny, K, Gardiner, G, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, A, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Buchtel, E, Wai-Lan Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Das, A, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Cecilia, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Thu Bui, H, Baranski E., Sweeny K., Gardiner G., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker A., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Buchtel E., Wai-Lan Yeung V., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Das A., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Mastor K., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Aken M. V., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Cecilia M. G. -C. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., Kock F. D., Han G., Suh E. M. M., Choi S., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., and Thu Bui H. T.

Abstract

Objective: The current exploratory study sought to examine dispositional optimism, or the general expectation for positive outcomes, around the world. Method: Dispositional optimism and possible correlates were assessed across 61 countries (N = 15,185; mean age = 21.92; 77% female). Mean-level differences in optimism were computed along with their relationships with individual and country-level variables. Results: Worldwide, mean optimism levels were above the midpoint of the scale. Perhaps surprisingly, country-level optimism was negatively related to gross domestic product per capita, population density, and democratic norms and positively related to income inequality and perceived corruption. However, country-level optimism was positively related to projected economic improvement. Individual-level optimism was positively related to individual well-being within every country, although this relationship was less strong in countries with challenging economic and social circumstances. Conclusions: While individuals around the world are generally optimistic, societal characteristics appear to affect the degree to which their optimism is associated with psychological well-being, sometimes in seemingly anomalous ways.

Published
2021

4. Who in the World Is Trying to Change Their Personality Traits? Volitional Personality Change Among College Students in Six Continents

Author

Baranski, E, Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hroebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Das, A, Lavalekar, A, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Polovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Smederevac, S, Hong, R, Barry, O, Halama, P, Musek, J, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Baranski E., Gardiner G., Lee D., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C. E., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Forero D. A., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hroebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Das A., Lavalekar A., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Polovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Smederevac S., Hong R., Barry O., Halama P., Musek J., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Bui H. T. T., Baranski, E, Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hroebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Das, A, Lavalekar, A, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Polovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Smederevac, S, Hong, R, Barry, O, Halama, P, Musek, J, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Baranski E., Gardiner G., Lee D., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C. E., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Forero D. A., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hroebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Das A., Lavalekar A., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Polovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Smederevac S., Hong R., Barry O., Halama P., Musek J., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., and Bui H. T. T.

Abstract

Recent research conducted largely in the United States suggests that most people would like to change one or more of their personality traits. Yet almost no research has investigated the degree to which and in what ways volitional personality change (VPC), or individuals’ active efforts toward personality change, might be common around the world. Through a custom-built website, 13,278 college student participants from 55 countries and one of a larger country (Hong Kong, S.A.R.) using 42 different languages reported whether they were currently trying to change their personality and, if so, what they were trying to change. Around the world, 60.40% of participants reported that they are currently trying to change their personalities, with the highest percentage in Thailand (81.91%) and the lowest in Kenya (21.41%). Among those who provide open-ended responses to the aspect of personality they are trying to change, the most common goals were to increase emotional stability (29.73%), conscientiousness (19.71%), extraversion (15.94%), and agreeableness (13.53%). In line with previous research, students who are trying to change any personality trait tend to have relatively low levels of emotional stability and happiness. Moreover, those with relatively low levels of socially desirable traits reported attempting to increase what they lacked. These principal findings were generalizable around the world

Published
2021

5. Happiness around the world: A combined etic-emic approach across 63 countries

Author

Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, De Fruyt, F, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobak, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Colovic, P, Smederevac, S, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Gardiner G., Lee D., Baranski E., Funder D., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., De Fruyt F., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobak P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Colovic P., Smederevac S., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Bui H. T. T., Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, De Fruyt, F, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobak, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Colovic, P, Smederevac, S, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Gardiner G., Lee D., Baranski E., Funder D., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., De Fruyt F., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobak P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Colovic P., Smederevac S., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., and Bui H. T. T.

Abstract

What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or "WEIRD" measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or "independent"), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersonal aspect emphasizing harmony and connectedness to others. Following a combined emicetic approach (Cheung, van de Vijver & Leong, 2011), we assessed the cross-cultural applicability of a measure of independent happiness developed in the US (Subjective Happiness Scale; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and a measure of interdependent happiness developed in Japan (Interdependent Happiness Scale; Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015), with data from 63 countries representing 7 sociocultural regions. Results indicate that the schema of independent happiness was more coherent in more WEIRD countries. In contrast, the coherence of interdependent happiness was unrelated to a country's "WEIRD-ness." Reliabilities of both happiness measures were lowest in African and Middle Eastern countries, suggesting these two conceptualizations of happiness may not be globally comprehensive. Overall, while the two measures had many similar correlates and properties, the self-focused concept of independent happiness is "WEIRD-er" than interdependent happiness, suggesting cross-cultural researchers should attend to both conceptualizations.

Published
2020

6. Situational experience around the world: A replication and extension in 62 countries

Author

Lee, D, Gardiner, G, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Das, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Lee D. I., Gardiner G., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Das A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Aken M. V., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Conaco M. C. G., Quinones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., Kock F. D., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Lee, D, Gardiner, G, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Das, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Lee D. I., Gardiner G., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Das A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Aken M. V., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Conaco M. C. G., Quinones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., Kock F. D., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., and Stocks E.

Abstract

Objective: The current study seeks to replicate and extend principal findings reported in The World at 7:00, a project that examined the psychological experience of situations in 20 countries. Method: Data were collected from participants in 62 countries (N = 15,318), recruited from universities by local collaborators to complete the study via a custom-built website using 42 languages. Results: Several findings of the previous study were replicated. The average reported situational experience around the world was mildly positive. The same countries tended to be most alike in reported situational experience (r =.60) across the two studies, among the countries included in both. As in the previous study, the homogeneity of reported situational experience was significantly greater within than between countries, although the difference was small. The previously reported exploratory finding that negative aspects of situations varied more across countries than positive aspects did not replicate. Correlations between aspects of reported situational experience and country-level average value scores, personality, and demographic variables were largely similar between the two studies. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of cross-cultural situational research and the need to replicate its results, and highlight the complex interplay of culture and situational experience.

Published
2020

7. Happiness around the world: A combined etic-emic approach across 63 countries

Author

Gardiner G., Lee D., Baranski E., Funder D., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., De Fruyt F., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobak P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Colovic P., Smederevac S., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Bui H. T. T., Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, De Fruyt, F, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobak, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Colovic, P, Smederevac, S, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Kulich, Clara, Lorenzi-Cioldi, Fabio, University of Southern California (USC), Department of Psychology [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-LTC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ha, Shang E, İstinye Üniversitesi, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, Karakus Akalin, Pelin, Gardiner, Gwendolyn [0000-0001-8118-9164], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Gardiner, G., Lee, D., Baranski, E., Funder, D., Beramendi, M., Bastian, B., Neubauer, A., De Fruyt, F., Cortez, D., Roth, E., Torres, A., Zanini, D. S., Petkova, K., Tracy, J., Amiot, C., Pelletier-Dumas, M., Gonzalez, R., Rosenbluth, A., Salgado, S., Guan, Y., Yang, Y., Forero, D., Camargo, A., Jerneic, Z., Hrebickova, M., Graf, S., Strobak, P., Realo, A., Becker, M., Maisonneuve, C., El-Astal, S., Gamsakhurdi, V. L., Ziegler, M., Penke, L., Rauthmann, J., Papastefanakis, E., Kritsotakis, G., Spyridaki, I., Fragkiadaki, E., Buchtel, E. E., Yeung, V. W. -L., Kun, A., Gadanecz, P., Vass, Z., Smohai, M., Lavalekar, A., Aurelia, M. Z., Kinayung, D., Gaffar, V., Sullivan, G., Day, C., Rechter, E., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Senese, V. P., Perugini, M., Costantini, G., Komiya, A., Sato, T., Nakata, Y., Kawamoto, S., Al-Zoubi, M., Owsley, N., Jang, C., Mburu, G., Ngina, I., Dimdins, G., Barkauskiene, R., Laurinavicius, A., Markovikj, M., Serafimovska, E., Mastor, K. A., Kruse, E., Ramirez-Esparza, N., Denissen, J., Van Aken, M., Fischer, R., Onyishi, I. E., Ogba, K. T., Leknes, S., Holen, V. W., Hansen, I., Tamnes, C. K., Klava, K., Rizwan, M., Kausar, R., Khan, N., Espinosa, A., Gastardo-Conaco, M. C., Quinones, D. M. A., Szarota, P., Izdebski, P., Kotysko, M., Henriques-Calado, J., Sava, F. A., Lvova, O., Pogrebitskaya, V., Allakhverdov, M., Manichev, S., Barry, O., Colovic, P., Smederevac, S., Mitrovic, D., Oljaca, M., Hong, R., Halama, P., Musek, J., De Kock, F., Han, G., Suh, E. M., Choi, S., Oceja, L., Villar, S., Gallardo-Pujol, D., Kekecs, Z., Arlinghaus, N., Johnson, D. P., O'Donnell, A. K., Buhler, J. L., Kulich, C., Lorenzi-Cioldi, F., Allemand, M., Chang, Y. -P., Lin, W., Boonyasiriwat, W., Saribay, A., Somer, O., Akalin, P. K., Baguma, P. K., Vinogradov, A., Zhuravlova, L., Rentfrow, J., Conner, M., Tullett, A., Colman, D. E., Cheng, J. T., Stocks, E., and Bui, H. T. T.

Subjects
Male, Internationality, Social connectedness, Happiness, Emotions, Culture, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Social Sciences, 050109 social psychology, Geographical locations, Theoretical, ddc:150, Sociology, Japan, Models, Schema (psychology), Psychology, Sociocultural evolution, media_common, Members of the International Situations Project, Harmony (color), Multidisciplinary, 05 social sciences, Europe, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Medicine, Female, Social psychology, Human, Research Article, China, Asia, General Science & Technology, Science, media_common.quotation_subject, Reproducibility of Result, Happine, Interpersonal communication, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, 050105 experimental psychology, Young Adult, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Cross-Cultural Studies, Cross-cultural, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, cross-cultural, happiness, personality, Reproducibility of Results, Biology and Life Sciences, Models, Theoretical, United States, North America, Emic and etic, People and places
Abstract

What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or “WEIRD” measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or “independent”), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersonal aspect emphasizing harmony and connectedness to others. Following a combined emic-etic approach (Cheung, van de Vijver & Leong, 2011), we assessed the cross-cultural applicability of a measure of independent happiness developed in the US (Subjective Happiness Scale; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and a measure of interdependent happiness developed in Japan (Interdependent Happiness Scale; Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015), with data from 63 countries representing 7 sociocultural regions. Results indicate that the schema of independent happiness was more coherent in more WEIRD countries. In contrast, the coherence of interdependent happiness was unrelated to a country’s “WEIRD-ness.” Reliabilities of both happiness measures were lowest in African and Middle Eastern countries, suggesting these two conceptualizations of happiness may not be globally comprehensive. Overall, while the two measures had many similar correlates and properties, the self-focused concept of independent happiness is “WEIRD-er” than interdependent happiness, suggesting cross-cultural researchers should attend to both conceptualizations.

Published
2020

8. Milieu effects on the Dark Triad traits and their sex differences in 49 countries

Author

Empirical Legal Research (ELS), Empirical legal research into Institutions for conflict resolution, Bestuursrecht, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Leerstoel Bos, Jonason, P.K., Czerwiński, S.K., Tobaldo, F., Ramos-Diaz, J., Adamovic, M., Adams, B.G., Ardi, R., Bălțătescu, S., Cha, Y.S., Chobthamkit, P., El-Astal, S., Gundolf, K., Jukić, T., Knezović, E., Liik, K., Maltby, J., Mamuti, A., Milfont, T.L., Moreta-Herrera, C.R., Park, J., Piotrowski, J., Samekin, A., Tiliouine, H., Tomšik, R., Umeh, C.S., van den Bos, K., Vauclair, C.M., Włodarczyk, A., Yahiiaiev, I., Żemojtel-Piotrowska, M., Sedikides, C., Empirical Legal Research (ELS), Empirical legal research into Institutions for conflict resolution, Bestuursrecht, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Leerstoel Bos, Jonason, P.K., Czerwiński, S.K., Tobaldo, F., Ramos-Diaz, J., Adamovic, M., Adams, B.G., Ardi, R., Bălțătescu, S., Cha, Y.S., Chobthamkit, P., El-Astal, S., Gundolf, K., Jukić, T., Knezović, E., Liik, K., Maltby, J., Mamuti, A., Milfont, T.L., Moreta-Herrera, C.R., Park, J., Piotrowski, J., Samekin, A., Tiliouine, H., Tomšik, R., Umeh, C.S., van den Bos, K., Vauclair, C.M., Włodarczyk, A., Yahiiaiev, I., Żemojtel-Piotrowska, M., and Sedikides, C.

Published
2022

9. Milieu effects on the Dark Triad traits and their sex differences in 49 countries

Author

Jonason, P.K., Czerwiński, S.K., Tobaldo, F., Ramos-Diaz, J., Adamovic, M., Adams, B.G., Ardi, R., Bălțătescu, S., Cha, Y.S., Chobthamkit, P., El-Astal, S., Gundolf, K., Jukić, T., Knezović, E., Liik, K., Maltby, J., Mamuti, A., Milfont, T.L., Moreta-Herrera, C.R., Park, J., Piotrowski, J., Samekin, A., Tiliouine, H., Tomšik, R., Umeh, C.S., van den Bos, K., Vauclair, C.M., Włodarczyk, A., Yahiiaiev, I., Żemojtel-Piotrowska, M., Sedikides, C., Empirical Legal Research (ELS), Empirical legal research into Institutions for conflict resolution, Bestuursrecht, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Leerstoel Bos, Montaigne Centrum voor Rechtspleging en conflictoplossing, Empirical Legal Research (ELS), Empirical legal research into Institutions for conflict resolution, Bestuursrecht, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Leerstoel Bos, Montaigne Centrum voor Rechtspleging en conflictoplossing, and Arbeids- en Organisatie Psychologie (Psychologie, FMG)

Subjects
Dark Triad, Cross-cultural, Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy, Sex differences, Taverne, Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica], Psychology(all), General Psychology
Abstract

Most research on the development of personality traits like the Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) focuses on local effects like parenting style or attachment, but people live in a larger society that may set the stage for any local effects. Here we paired nation-level data on the traits from 49 nations with several milieu indicators (e.g., life expectancy, homicide rates) from three timepoints (and change among them) where the average participant (≈ 22yo) would have been a child (≈ 6yo), a pre-teen (≈ 11yo), and a teenager (≈ 16yo). Congruent with previous research, variance in narcissism was far more sensitive to variance in milieu conditions in general and across all three time points than variance in Machiavellianism or psychopathy. The milieu conditions differentiated the traits somewhat with income and education revealing negative correlations with narcissism, positive correlations with Machiavellianism, and null correlations with psychopathy. Sex differences in Machiavellianism and narcissism were correlated with homicide rates across the three timepoints. The evidence that changes in milieu conditions in ones' past predicts the traits was erratic, but larger sex differences in the traits were associated with decreased life expectancies and homicide rates between childhood and pre-teens. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Published
2022

10. Situational experience around the world: A replication and extension in 62 Countries

Author

Lee D. I., Gardiner G., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., González R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Ž., Hrebícková M., Graf S., Strøbæk P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun Á., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Das A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramírez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Aken M. V., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klæva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Conaco M. C. G., Quiñones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., Kock F. D., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O’Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Bühler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Lee, D. I., Gardiner, G., Baranski, E., Funder, D. C., Beramendi, M., Bastian, B., Neubauer, A., Cortez, D., Roth, E., Torres, A., Zanini, D. S., Petkova, K., Tracy, J., Amiot, C., Pelletier-Dumas, M., González, R., Rosenbluth, A., Salgado, S., Guan, Y., Yang, Y., Forero, D., Camargo, A., Papastefanakis, E., Kritsotakis, G., Spyridaki, I., Fragkiadaki, E., Jerneic, Ž., Hrebícková, M., Graf, S., Strøbæk, P., Realo, A., Becker, M., Maisonneuve, C., El-Astal, S., Gamsakhurdia, V. L., Rauthmann, J., Ziegler, M., Penke, L., Buchtel, E. E., Yeung, V. W. -L., Kun, Á., Gadanecz, P., Vass, Z., Smohai, M., Lavalekar, A., Das, A., Aurelia, M. Z., Kinayung, D., Gaffar, V., Sullivan, G., Day, C., Rechter, E., Perugini, M., Costantini, G., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Senese, V. P., Sato, T., Nakata, Y., Kawamoto, S., Komiya, A., Al-Zoubi, M., Owsley, N., Jang, C., Mburu, G., Ngina, I., Dimdins, G., Barkauskiene, R., Laurinavicius, A., Markovikj, M., Serafimovska, E., Mastor, K. A., Kruse, E., Ramírez-Esparza, N., Denissen, J., Aken, M. V., Fischer, R., Onyishi, I. E., Ogba, K. T., Leknes, S., Holen, V. W., Hansen, I., Tamnes, C. K., Klæva, K., Kausar, R., Khan, N., Rizwan, M., Espinosa, A., Conaco, M. C. G., Quiñones, D. M. A., Izdebski, P., Kotysko, M., Szarota, P., Henriques-Calado, J., Sava, F. A., Lvova, O., Pogrebitskaya, V., Allakhverdov, M., Manichev, S., Barry, O., Smederevac, S., Colovic, P., Mitrovic, D., Oljaca, M., Hong, R., Halama, P., Musek, J., Kock, F. D., Han, G., Suh, E. M., Choi, S., Gallardo-Pujol, D., Oceja, L., Villar, S., Kekecs, Z., Arlinghaus, N., Johnson, D. P., O’Donnell, A. K., Kulich, C., Lorenzi-Cioldi, F., Bühler, J. L., Allemand, M., Chang, Y. -P., Lin, W. -F., Boonyasiriwat, W., Saribay, S. A., Somer, O., Akalin, P. K., Baguma, P. K., Vinogradov, A., Zhuravlova, L., Conner, M., Rentfrow, J., Tullett, A., Sauerberger, K., Colman, D. E., Cheng, J. T., and Stocks, E.

Published
2020

11. International optimism: Correlates and consequences of dispositional optimism across 61 countries

Author

Baranski E., Sweeny K., Gardiner G., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker A., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Buchtel E., Wai-Lan Yeung V., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Das A., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Mastor K., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Aken M. V., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Cecilia M. G. -C. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., Kock F. D., Han G., Suh E. M. M., Choi S., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Thu Bui H. T., University of Zurich, Baranski, Erica, Baranski, E, Sweeny, K, Gardiner, G, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, A, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Buchtel, E, Wai-Lan Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Das, A, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Cecilia, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Thu Bui, H, Faculteit Sociale Wetenschappen, University of Houston, Department of Psychology [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-LTC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Baranski, E., Sweeny, K., Gardiner, G., Funder, D. C., Beramendi, M., Bastian, B., Neubauer, A., Cortez, D., Roth, E., Torres, A., Zanini, D. S., Petkova, K., Tracy, J., Amiot, C., Pelletier-Dumas, M., Gonzalez, R., Rosenbluth, A., Salgado, S., Guan, Y., Yang, Y., Forero, D., Camargo, A., Papastefanakis, E., Kritsotakis, G., Spyridaki, I., Fragkiadaki, E., Jerneic, Z., Hrebickova, M., Graf, S., Strobaek, P., Realo, A., Becker, A., Maisonneuve, C., El-Astal, S., Gamsakhurdia, V. L., Ziegler, M., Penke, L., Rauthmann, J., Buchtel, E., Wai-Lan Yeung, V., Kun, A., Gadanecz, P., Vass, Z., Smohai, M., Das, A., Lavalekar, A., Aurelia, M. Z., Kinayung, D., Gaffar, V., Sullivan, G., Day, C., Rechter, E., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Senese, V. P., Perugini, M., Costantini, G., Komiya, A., Sato, T., Nakata, Y., Kawamoto, S., Al-Zoubi, M., Owsley, N., Jang, C., Mburu, G., Ngina, I., Dimdins, G., Barkauskiene, R., Laurinavicius, A., Mastor, K., Kruse, E., Ramirez-Esparza, N., Denissen, J., Aken, M. V., Fischer, R., Onyishi, I. E., Ogba, K. T., Leknes, S., Holen, V. W., Hansen, I., Tamnes, C. K., Klaeva, K., Rizwan, M., Kausar, R., Khan, N., Espinosa, A., Cecilia, M. G. -C. C., Quinones, D. M. A., Szarota, P., Izdebski, P., Kotysko, M., Henriques-Calado, J., Sava, F. A., Lvova, O., Pogrebitskaya, V., Allakhverdov, M., Manichev, S., Barry, O., Smederevac, S., Colovic, P., Mitrovic, D., Oljaca, M., Hong, R., Halama, P., Musek, J., Kock, F. D., Han, G., Suh, E. M. M., Choi, S., Boonyasiriwat, W., Saribay, A., Somer, O., Akalin, P. K., Baguma, P. K., Vinogradov, A., Zhuravlova, L., Rentfrow, J., Conner, M., Tullett, A., Colman, D. E., Cheng, J. T., Stocks, E., Thu Bui, H. T., Members of the International Situations Project, and Realo, Anu

Subjects
Adult, Male, 050103 clinical psychology, Social Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, Well-being, Exploratory research, BF, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, 050109 social psychology, Affect (psychology), Gross domestic product, Dispositional optimism, Young Adult, Optimism, cross-cultural, Economic inequality, ddc:150, well-being, Per capita, Personality, Humans, Psychology, Formerly Health & Social Sciences, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 10. No inequality, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Members of the International Situations Project, 3207 Social Psychology, 10093 Institute of Psychology, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, dispositional optimism, Cross-cultural, 16. Peace & justice, 8. Economic growth, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Female, Cognitive Sciences, 150 Psychology, Social psychology
Abstract

Author(s): Baranski, Erica; Sweeny, Kate; Gardiner, Gwendolyn; Members of the International Situations Project; Funder, David C | Abstract: ObjectiveThe current exploratory study sought to examine dispositional optimism, or the general expectation for positive outcomes, around the world.MethodDispositional optimism and possible correlates were assessed across 61 countries (Nn=n15,185; mean agen=n21.92; 77% female). Mean-level differences in optimism were computed along with their relationships with individual and country-level variables.ResultsWorldwide, mean optimism levels were above the midpoint of the scale. Perhaps surprisingly, country-level optimism was negatively related to gross domestic product per capita, population density, and democratic norms and positively related to income inequality and perceived corruption. However, country-level optimism was positively related to projected economic improvement. Individual-level optimism was positively related to individual well-being within every country, although this relationship was less strong in countries with challenging economic and social circumstances.ConclusionsWhile individuals around the world are generally optimistic, societal characteristics appear to affect the degree to which their optimism is associated with psychological well-being, sometimes in seemingly anomalous ways.

Published
2021

12. Structure of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Across Eight World Regions

Author

Rogoza, R, Żemojtel-Piotrowska, M, Jonason, PK, Piotrowski, J, Campbell, KW, Gebauer, JE, Maltby, J, Sedikides, C, Adamovic, M, Adams, BG, Ang, RP, Ardi, R, Atitsogbe, KA, Baltatescu, S, Bilić, S, Bodroža, B, Gruneau Brulin, J, Bundhoo Poonoosamy, HY, Chaleeraktrakoon, T, Del Carmen Dominguez, A, Dragova-Koleva, S, El-Astal, S, Eldesoki, WLM, Gouveia, VV, Gundolf, K, Ilisko, D, Jukić, T, Kamble, SV, Khachatryan, N, Klicperova-Baker, M, Kovacs, M, Kozytska, I, Larzabal Fernandez, A, Lehmann, K, Lei, X, Liik, K, McCain, J, Milfont, TL, Nehrlich, A, Osin, E, Özsoy, E, Park, J, Ramos-Diaz, J, Riđić, O, Qadir, A, Samekin, A, Tiliouine, H, Tomsik, R, Umeh, CS, van den Bos, K, Van Hiel, A, Vauclair, CM, Włodarczyk, A, Rogoza, R, Żemojtel-Piotrowska, M, Jonason, PK, Piotrowski, J, Campbell, KW, Gebauer, JE, Maltby, J, Sedikides, C, Adamovic, M, Adams, BG, Ang, RP, Ardi, R, Atitsogbe, KA, Baltatescu, S, Bilić, S, Bodroža, B, Gruneau Brulin, J, Bundhoo Poonoosamy, HY, Chaleeraktrakoon, T, Del Carmen Dominguez, A, Dragova-Koleva, S, El-Astal, S, Eldesoki, WLM, Gouveia, VV, Gundolf, K, Ilisko, D, Jukić, T, Kamble, SV, Khachatryan, N, Klicperova-Baker, M, Kovacs, M, Kozytska, I, Larzabal Fernandez, A, Lehmann, K, Lei, X, Liik, K, McCain, J, Milfont, TL, Nehrlich, A, Osin, E, Özsoy, E, Park, J, Ramos-Diaz, J, Riđić, O, Qadir, A, Samekin, A, Tiliouine, H, Tomsik, R, Umeh, CS, van den Bos, K, Van Hiel, A, Vauclair, CM, and Włodarczyk, A

Abstract

The Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) has garnered intense attention over the past 15 years. We examined the structure of these traits’ measure—the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD)—in a sample of 11,488 participants from three W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., North America, Oceania, Western Europe) and five non-W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., Asia, Middle East, non-Western Europe, South America, sub-Saharan Africa) world regions. The results confirmed the measurement invariance of the DTDD across participants’ sex in all world regions, with men scoring higher than women on all traits (except for psychopathy in Asia, where the difference was not significant). We found evidence for metric (and partial scalar) measurement invariance within and between W.E.I.R.D. and non-W.E.I.R.D. world regions. The results generally support the structure of the DTDD.

Published
2021

13. Structure of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Across Eight World Regions

Author

Empirical Legal Research (ELS), Empirical legal research into Institutions for conflict resolution, Bestuursrecht, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Leerstoel Bos, Rogoza, R., Żemojtel-Piotrowska, M., Jonason, P.K., Piotrowski, J., Campbell, K.W., Gebauer, J.E., Maltby, J., Sedikides, C., Adamovic, M., Adams, B.G., Ang, R.P., Ardi, R., Atitsogbe, K.A., Baltatescu, S., Bilić, S., Bodroža, B., Gruneau Brulin, J., Bundhoo Poonoosamy, H.Y., Chaleeraktrakoon, T., Del Carmen Dominguez, A., Dragova-Koleva, S., El-Astal, S., Eldesoki, W.L.M., Gouveia, V.V., Gundolf, K., Ilisko, D., Jukić, T., Kamble, S.V., Khachatryan, N., Klicperova-Baker, M., Kovacs, M., Kozytska, I., Larzabal Fernandez, A., Lehmann, K., Lei, X., Liik, K., McCain, J., Milfont, T.L., Nehrlich, A., Osin, E., Özsoy, E., Park, J., Ramos-Diaz, J., Riđić, O., Qadir, A., Samekin, A., Tiliouine, H., Tomsik, R., Umeh, C.S., van den Bos, K., Van Hiel, A., Vauclair, C.M., Włodarczyk, A., Empirical Legal Research (ELS), Empirical legal research into Institutions for conflict resolution, Bestuursrecht, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Leerstoel Bos, Rogoza, R., Żemojtel-Piotrowska, M., Jonason, P.K., Piotrowski, J., Campbell, K.W., Gebauer, J.E., Maltby, J., Sedikides, C., Adamovic, M., Adams, B.G., Ang, R.P., Ardi, R., Atitsogbe, K.A., Baltatescu, S., Bilić, S., Bodroža, B., Gruneau Brulin, J., Bundhoo Poonoosamy, H.Y., Chaleeraktrakoon, T., Del Carmen Dominguez, A., Dragova-Koleva, S., El-Astal, S., Eldesoki, W.L.M., Gouveia, V.V., Gundolf, K., Ilisko, D., Jukić, T., Kamble, S.V., Khachatryan, N., Klicperova-Baker, M., Kovacs, M., Kozytska, I., Larzabal Fernandez, A., Lehmann, K., Lei, X., Liik, K., McCain, J., Milfont, T.L., Nehrlich, A., Osin, E., Özsoy, E., Park, J., Ramos-Diaz, J., Riđić, O., Qadir, A., Samekin, A., Tiliouine, H., Tomsik, R., Umeh, C.S., van den Bos, K., Van Hiel, A., Vauclair, C.M., and Włodarczyk, A.

Published
2021

14. Structure of Dark Triad dirty dozen across eight world regions

Author

Rogoza, R., Żemojtel-Piotrowska, M., Jonason, P.K., Piotrowski, J., Campbell, K.W., Gebauer, J.E., Maltby, J., Sedikides, C., Adamovic, M., Adams, B.G., Ang, R.P., Ardi, R., Atitsogbe, K.A., Baltatescu, S., Bilić, S., Bodroža, B., Gruneau Brulin, J., Bundhoo Poonoosamy, H.Y., Chaleeraktrakoon, T., Del Carmen Dominguez, A., Dragova-Koleva, S., El-Astal, S., Eldesoki, W.L.M., Gouveia, V.V., Gundolf, K., Ilisko, D., Jukić, T., Kamble, S.V., Khachatryan, N., Klicperova-Baker, M., Kovacs, M., Kozytska, I., Larzabal Fernandez, A., Lehmann, K., Lei, X., Liik, K., McCain, J., Milfont, T.L., Nehrlich, A., Osin, E., Özsoy, E., Park, J., Ramos-Diaz, J., Riđić, O., Qadir, A., Samekin, A., Tiliouine, H., Tomsik, R., Umeh, C.S., van den Bos, K., Van Hiel, A., Vauclair, C.M., Włodarczyk, A., Empirical Legal Research (ELS), Empirical legal research into Institutions for conflict resolution, Bestuursrecht, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Leerstoel Bos, Empirical Legal Research (ELS), Empirical legal research into Institutions for conflict resolution, Bestuursrecht, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, and Leerstoel Bos

Subjects
Male, CONCISE MEASURE, 050103 clinical psychology, Asia, Psychopathy, Culture, Social Sciences, 050109 social psychology, Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica], psychopathy, Taverne, Narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism, Dark Triad, culture, measurement, Narcissism, medicine, Humans, Machiavellianism, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Measurement invariance, VALIDITY, Applied Psychology, PERSONALITY, Measurement, Ciências Médicas::Medicina Básica [Domínio/Área Científica], Dark triad, Middle East, 05 social sciences, Antisocial Personality Disorder, medicine.disease, culture, BIFACTOR MODEL, Dark Triad, measurement, Europe, Clinical Psychology, PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES, MEASUREMENT INVARIANCE, Dirty dozen, Western europe, North America, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, TRAITS, Demography
Abstract

The Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) has garnered intense attention over the past 15 years. We examined the structure of these traits' measure-the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD)-in a sample of 11,488 participants from three W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., North America, Oceania, Western Europe) and five non-W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., Asia, Middle East, non-Western Europe, South America, sub-Saharan Africa) world regions. The results confirmed the measurement invariance of the DTDD across participants' sex in all world regions, with men scoring higher than women on all traits (except for psychopathy in Asia, where the difference was not significant). We found evidence for metric (and partial scalar) measurement invariance within and between W.E.I.R.D. and non-W.E.I.R.D. world regions. The results generally support the structure of the DTDD. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Published
2020

15. Country-level correlates of the Dark Triad traits in 49 countries

Author

Jonason, PK, Żemojtel-Piotrowska, M, Piotrowski, J, Sedikides, C, Campbell, WK, Gebauer, JE, Maltby, J, Adamovic, M, Adams, BG, Kadiyono, AL, Atitsogbe, KA, Bundhoo, HY, Bălțătescu, S, Bilić, S, Brulin, JG, Chobthamkit, P, Del Carmen Dominguez, A, Dragova-Koleva, S, El-Astal, S, Esteves, CS, Labib M Eldesoki, W, Gouveia, VV, Gundolf, K, Ilisko, D, Jauk, E, Kamble, SV, Khachatryan, N, Klicperova-Baker, M, Knezovic, E, Kovacs, M, Lei, X, Liik, K, Mamuti, A, Moreta-Herrera, CR, Milfont, TL, Wei Ong, C, Osin, E, Park, J, Petrovic, B, Ramos-Diaz, J, Ridic, G, Qadir, A, Samekin, A, Sawicki, A, Tiliouine, H, Tomsik, R, Umeh, CS, van den Bos, K, Van Hiel, A, Uslu, O, Wlodarczyk, A, Yahiiaev, I, Jonason, PK, Żemojtel-Piotrowska, M, Piotrowski, J, Sedikides, C, Campbell, WK, Gebauer, JE, Maltby, J, Adamovic, M, Adams, BG, Kadiyono, AL, Atitsogbe, KA, Bundhoo, HY, Bălțătescu, S, Bilić, S, Brulin, JG, Chobthamkit, P, Del Carmen Dominguez, A, Dragova-Koleva, S, El-Astal, S, Esteves, CS, Labib M Eldesoki, W, Gouveia, VV, Gundolf, K, Ilisko, D, Jauk, E, Kamble, SV, Khachatryan, N, Klicperova-Baker, M, Knezovic, E, Kovacs, M, Lei, X, Liik, K, Mamuti, A, Moreta-Herrera, CR, Milfont, TL, Wei Ong, C, Osin, E, Park, J, Petrovic, B, Ramos-Diaz, J, Ridic, G, Qadir, A, Samekin, A, Sawicki, A, Tiliouine, H, Tomsik, R, Umeh, CS, van den Bos, K, Van Hiel, A, Uslu, O, Wlodarczyk, A, and Yahiiaev, I

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) capture individual differences in aversive personality to complement work on other taxonomies, such as the Big Five traits. However, the literature on the Dark Triad traits relies mostly on samples from English-speaking (i.e., Westernized) countries. We broadened the scope of this literature by sampling from a wider array of countries. METHOD: We drew on data from 49 countries (N = 11,723; 65.8% female; AgeMean = 21.53) to examine how an extensive net of country-level variables in economic status (e.g., Human Development Index), social relations (e.g., gender equality), political orientations (e.g., democracy), and cultural values (e.g., embeddedness) relate to country-level rates of the Dark Triad traits, as well as variance in the magnitude of sex differences in them. RESULTS: Narcissism was especially sensitive to country-level variables. Countries with more embedded and hierarchical cultural systems were more narcissistic. Also, sex differences in narcissism were larger in more developed societies: Women were less likely to be narcissistic in developed (vs. less developed) countries. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the results based on evolutionary and social role models of personality and sex differences. That higher country-level narcissism was more common in less developed countries, whereas sex differences in narcissism were larger in more developed countries, is more consistent with evolutionary than social role models.

Published
2020

16. The economic well-being of nations is associated with positive daily situational experiences

Author

Gwendolyn Gardiner, Daniel I. Lee, Erica Baranski, David C. Funder, Maite Beramendi, Brock Bastian, Aljoscha Neubauer, Diego Cortez, Eric Roth, Ana Torres, Daniela S. Zanini, Kristina Petkova, Jessica Tracy, Catherine Amiot, Mathieu Pelletier-Dumas, Roberto González, Ana Rosenbluth, Sergio Salgado, Yanjun Guan, Yu Yang, Diego Forero, Andrés Camargo, Emmanouil Papastefanakis, Georgios Kritsotakis, Eirini Spyridaki, Evangelia Fragkiadaki, Željko Jerneić, Martina Hřebíčková, Sylvie Graf, Pernille Strøbæk, Anu Realo, Maja Becker, Christelle Maisonneuve, Sofian El-Astal, Vladimer Lado Gamsakhurdia, John Rauthmann, Matthias Ziegler, Lars Penke, Emma E. Buchtel, Victoria Wai-Lan Yeung, Ágota Kun, Peter Gadanecz, Zoltán Vass, Máté Smohai, Anagha Lavalekar, Meta Zahro Aurelia, Dian Kinayung, Vanessa Gaffar, Gavin Sullivan, Christopher Day, Eyal Rechter, Marco Perugini, Giulio Costantini, Augusto Gnisci, Ida Sergi, Vincenzo Paolo Senese, Francesca Mottola, Tatsuya Sato, Yuki Nakata, Shizuka Kawamoto, Asuka Komiya, Marwan Al-Zoubi, Nicholas Owsley, Chaning Jang, Georgina Mburu, Irene Ngina, Girts Dimdins, Rasa Barkauskiene, Alfredas Laurinavicius, Marijana Markovikj, Eleonara Serafimovska, Khairul A. Mastor, Elliott Kruse, Nairán Ramírez-Esparza, Jaap Denissen, Marcel Van Aken, Ron Fischer, Ike E. Onyishi, Kalu T. Ogba, Siri Leknes, Vera Waldal Holen, Ingelin Hansen, Christian Krog Tamnes, Kaia Klæva, Rukhsana Kausar, Nashi Khan, Muhammad Rizwan, Agustín Espinosa, Maria Cecilia Gastardo-Conaco, Diwa Malaya A. Quiñones, Paweł Izdebski, Martyna Kotyśko, Piotr Szarota, Joana Henriques-Calado, Florin Alin Sava, Olya Lvova, Victoria Pogrebitskaya, Mikhail Allakhverdov, Sergey Manichev, Oumar Barry, Snežana Smederevac, Petar Čolović, Dušanka Mitrović, Milan Oljača, Ryan Hong, Peter Halama, Janek Musek, Francois De Kock, Gyuseog Han, Eunkook M. Suh, Soyeon Choi, David Gallardo-Pujol, Luis Oceja, Sergio Villar, Zoltan Kekecs, Nils Arlinghaus, Daniel P. Johnson, Alice Kathryn O'Donnell, Clara Kulich, Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi, Janina Larissa Bühler, Mathias Allemand, Yen-Ping Chang, Wei-fang Lin, Watcharaporn Boonyasiriwat, S. Adil Saribay, Oya Somer, Pelin Karakus Akalin, Peter Kakubeire Baguma, Alexander Vinogradov, Larisa Zhuravlova, Mark Conner, Jason Rentfrow, Alexa Tullett, Kyle Sauerberger, Douglas E. Colman, Joey T. Cheng, Eric Stocks, Huyen Thi Thu Bui, Gardiner, Gwendolyn, Lee, Daniel I., Baranski, Erica, Funder, David C., Beramendi, Maite, Bastian, Brock, Neubauer, Aljoscha, Cortez, Diego, Roth, Eric, Torres, Ana, Zanini, Daniela S., Petkova, Kristina, Tracy, Jessica, Amiot, Catherine, Pelletier-Dumas, Mathieu, González, Roberto, Rosenbluth, Ana, Salgado, Sergio, Guan, Yanjun, Yang, Yu, Forero, Diego, Camargo, André, Papastefanakis, Emmanouil, Kritsotakis, Georgio, Spyridaki, Eirini, Fragkiadaki, Evangelia, Jerneić, Željko, Hřebíčková, Martina, Graf, Sylvie, Strøbæk, Pernille, Realo, Anu, Becker, Maja, Maisonneuve, Christelle, El-Astal, Sofian, Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer Lado, Rauthmann, John, Ziegler, Matthia, Penke, Lar, Buchtel, Emma E., Yeung, Victoria Wai-Lan, Kun, Ágota, Gadanecz, Peter, Vass, Zoltán, Smohai, Máté, Lavalekar, Anagha, Aurelia, Meta Zahro, Kinayung, Dian, Gaffar, Vanessa, Sullivan, Gavin, Day, Christopher, Rechter, Eyal, Perugini, Marco, Costantini, Giulio, Gnisci, Augusto, Sergi, Ida, Senese, Vincenzo Paolo, Mottola, Francesca, Sato, Tatsuya, Nakata, Yuki, Kawamoto, Shizuka, Komiya, Asuka, Al-Zoubi, Marwan, Owsley, Nichola, Jang, Chaning, Mburu, Georgina, Ngina, Irene, Dimdins, Girt, Barkauskiene, Rasa, Laurinavicius, Alfreda, Markovikj, Marijana, Serafimovska, Eleonara, Mastor, Khairul A., Kruse, Elliott, Ramírez-Esparza, Nairán, Denissen, Jaap, Van Aken, Marcel, Fischer, Ron, Onyishi, Ike E., Ogba, Kalu T., Leknes, Siri, Holen, Vera Waldal, Hansen, Ingelin, Tamnes, Christian Krog, Klæva, Kaia, Kausar, Rukhsana, Khan, Nashi, Rizwan, Muhammad, Espinosa, Agustín, Gastardo-Conaco, Maria Cecilia, Quiñones, Diwa Malaya A., Izdebski, Paweł, Kotyśko, Martyna, Szarota, Piotr, Henriques-Calado, Joana, Sava, Florin Alin, Lvova, Olya, Pogrebitskaya, Victoria, Allakhverdov, Mikhail, Manichev, Sergey, Barry, Oumar, Smederevac, Snežana, Čolović, Petar, Mitrović, Dušanka, Oljača, Milan, Hong, Ryan, Halama, Peter, Musek, Janek, De Kock, Francoi, Han, Gyuseog, Suh, Eunkook M., Choi, Soyeon, Gallardo-Pujol, David, Oceja, Lui, Villar, Sergio, Kekecs, Zoltan, Arlinghaus, Nil, Johnson, Daniel P., O'Donnell, Alice Kathryn, Kulich, Clara, Lorenzi-Cioldi, Fabio, Bühler, Janina Larissa, Allemand, Mathia, Chang, Yen-Ping, Lin, Wei-fang, Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn, Saribay, S. Adil, Somer, Oya, Akalin, Pelin Karaku, Baguma, Peter Kakubeire, Vinogradov, Alexander, Zhuravlova, Larisa, Conner, Mark, Rentfrow, Jason, Tullett, Alexa, Sauerberger, Kyle, Colman, Douglas E., Cheng, Joey T., Stocks, Eric, Thi Thu Bui, Huyen, Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, E, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Mottola, F, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, and Thi Thu Bui, H

Subjects
Psicología positiva, Subjective well-being, Cultura, Positive psychology, Economic development, Culture, Situational assessment, Socioeconomic statu, Desarrollo económico, General Medicine, Psicología ambiental, Ecological psychology
Abstract

People in economically advantaged nations tend to evaluate their life as more positive overall and report greater well-being than people in less advantaged nations. But how does positivity manifest in the daily life experiences of individuals around the world? The present study asked 15,244 college students from 62 nations, in 42 languages, to describe a situation they experienced the previous day using the Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ). Using expert ratings, the overall positivity of each situation was calculated for both nations and individuals. The positivity of the average situation in each nation was strongly related to the economic development of the nation as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). For individuals’ daily experiences, the economic status of their nation also predicted the positivity of their experience, even more than their family socioeconomic status. Further analyses revealed the specific characteristics of the average situations for higher HDI nations that make their experiences more positive. Higher HDI was associated with situational experiences involving humor, socializing with others, and the potential to express emotions and fantasies. Lower HDI was associated with an increase in the presence of threats, blame, and hostility, as well as situational experiences consisting of family, religion, and money. Despite the increase in a few negative situational characteristics in lower HDI countries, the overall average experience still ranged from neutral to slightly positive, rather than negative, suggesting that greater HDI may not necessarily increase positive experiences but rather decrease negative experiences. The results illustrate how national economic status influences the lives of individuals even within a single instance of daily life, with large and powerful consequences when accumulated across individuals within each nation. Incluye referencias bibliográficas

Published
2023

17. The Global Impact of Multisystemic Vulnerabilities on Criminal Variety: A Cross-Continental Study in Young Adults.

Author

Villanueva L, Maciel L, Gomis-Pomares A, Gouveia-Pereira M, Adrián JE, Costa MSA, Rocha AS, Ximenes JM, Garcia M, Rouchy E, Michel G, Al Shawi A, Sarhan Y, Altaha MA, Fulano C, El-Astal S, Alattar K, Shaqalaih SO, Sabbah K, Holtzhausen L, Campbell E, Sakulku J, Grummitt L, Barrett E, Lawler S, Newton NC, Prior K, and Basto-Pereira M

Abstract

Previous research has shown a robust association between different childhood and adolescent vulnerabilities and youth offending. However, these investigations have primarily focused on youths from high-income Western countries. Consequently, the generalizability of these findings to better inform global justice policies remains uncertain. This study aimed to address this gap by examining the relationship between individual, familial, and contextual vulnerabilities and criminal versatility during young adulthood, accounting for sociodemographic factors and cross-national differences. Data were derived from a diverse sample of 4,182 young adults (67% female; mean age = 18.96; SD  = 0.81) residing in 10 countries across 5 continents who participated in the International Study of Pro/Antisocial Behavior in Young Adults . The Psychosocial and Family Vulnerability Questionnaire and the Adverse Childhood Experiences questionnaire were used to assess social and family adversity, and past-year criminal diversity was measured with the Criminal Variety Index. Results indicate that child maltreatment, substance abuse, and delinquent peers are global risk factors for criminal variety. Moreover, they are independent across males and females and among youths living in countries that are ranked differently on the Human Development Index (HDI). In addition, some childhood vulnerabilities showed different predictive ability across sexes (e.g., school failure), and across countries ranked differently on the HDI (e.g., family dysfunction). These findings suggest that certain childhood factors contribute to criminal behavior through transcultural mechanisms. Moreover, they highlight the importance of developing evidence-based policies that focus on transcultural risk factors to globally prevent criminal behavior., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interests with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.

Published
2024
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18. The global impact of adverse childhood experiences on criminal behavior: A cross-continental study.

Author

Basto-Pereira M, Gouveia-Pereira M, Pereira CR, Barrett EL, Lawler S, Newton N, Stapinski L, Prior K, Costa MSA, Ximenes JM, Rocha AS, Michel G, Garcia M, Rouchy E, Al Shawi A, Sarhan Y, Fulano C, Magaia AJ, El-Astal S, Alattar K, Sabbah K, Holtzhausen L, Campbell E, Villanueva L, Gomis-Pomares A, Adrián JE, Cuervo K, and Sakulku J

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Child, Criminal Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Violence, Young Adult, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Child Abuse, Criminals, Sex Offenses
Abstract

Background: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been associated with a greater risk of later criminal offending. However, existing research in this area has been primarily conducted in Western developed countries and cross-cultural studies are rare., Objectives: This study examined the relationship between ACEs and criminal behaviors in young adults living in 10 countries located across five continents, after accounting for sex, age, and cross-national differences., Participants and Setting: In total, 3797 young adults aged between 18 and 20 years (M = 18.97; DP = 0.81) were assessed locally in community settings within the 10 countries., Method: The ACE Questionnaire was used to assess maltreatment and household dysfunction during childhood and a subset of questions derived from the Deviant Behavior Variety Scale (DBVS) was used to determine past-year criminal variety pertaining to 10 acts considered crime across participating countries., Results: Physical and sexual abuse, physical neglect, and household substance abuse were related to criminal variety, globally, and independently across sexes and countries ranked differently in the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). In addition, three out of five experiences of household dysfunction were related to criminal variety, but subsequent analyses indicate that some forms of household dysfunction only hold statistical significance among males or females, or in countries ranking lower in the HDI., Conclusions: This research strengthens the finding that there are cross-cultural mechanisms perpetuating the cycle of violence. It also indicates that forms of household dysfunction have an impact on criminal behavior that is shaped by gender and the country's levels of social well-being., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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19. Structure of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Across Eight World Regions.

Author

Rogoza R, Żemojtel-Piotrowska M, Jonason PK, Piotrowski J, Campbell KW, Gebauer JE, Maltby J, Sedikides C, Adamovic M, Adams BG, Ang RP, Ardi R, Atitsogbe KA, Baltatescu S, Bilić S, Bodroža B, Gruneau Brulin J, Bundhoo Poonoosamy HY, Chaleeraktrakoon T, Del Carmen Dominguez A, Dragova-Koleva S, El-Astal S, Eldesoki WLM, Gouveia VV, Gundolf K, Ilisko D, Jukić T, Kamble SV, Khachatryan N, Klicperova-Baker M, Kovacs M, Kozytska I, Larzabal Fernandez A, Lehmann K, Lei X, Liik K, McCain J, Milfont TL, Nehrlich A, Osin E, Özsoy E, Park J, Ramos-Diaz J, Riđić O, Qadir A, Samekin A, Tiliouine H, Tomsik R, Umeh CS, van den Bos K, Van Hiel A, Vauclair CM, and Włodarczyk A

Subjects
Antisocial Personality Disorder, Asia, Europe, Female, Humans, Male, North America, Machiavellianism, Narcissism
Abstract

The Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) has garnered intense attention over the past 15 years. We examined the structure of these traits' measure-the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD)-in a sample of 11,488 participants from three W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., North America, Oceania, Western Europe) and five non-W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., Asia, Middle East, non-Western Europe, South America, sub-Saharan Africa) world regions. The results confirmed the measurement invariance of the DTDD across participants' sex in all world regions, with men scoring higher than women on all traits (except for psychopathy in Asia, where the difference was not significant). We found evidence for metric (and partial scalar) measurement invariance within and between W.E.I.R.D. and non-W.E.I.R.D. world regions. The results generally support the structure of the DTDD.

Published
2021
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20. Traumatic Events Exposure and Psychological Trauma in Children Victims of War in the Gaza Strip.

Author

Manzanero AL, Crespo M, Barón S, Scott T, El-Astal S, and Hemaid F

Subjects
Child, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle East epidemiology, Parents, Warfare, Psychological Trauma, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic epidemiology
Abstract

The present article studies war-related trauma and its effects on children living in the Gaza Strip, 6 months after the attack launched by the Israeli army on July 8, 2014, which lasted for 51 days. The objective was twofold: (a) to identify the prevalence of exposure to traumatic events and (b) to examine the symptoms of traumatic stress in children as described by their parents or tutors using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ). Data from 1,850 male and female children aged between 6 and 15 years living in the Gaza Strip were collected throughout the months of February and April 2015, that is 6 months after the attack. Results showed that the majority of the children were exposed to bombardments and residential area destruction (83.51%), were confined at home unable to go outside (72.92%), were witness to the profanation of mosques (70.38%), were exposed to combat situations (66.65%), and saw corpses (59.95%). A sample of 275 males (28.3%) and 232 females (26.5%) showed diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Gender and age were independent of PTSD. The presence of this pathology was positively related to the number of trauma events experienced. The type of traumatic experience was hardly related to age and gender. A greater protection on behalf of the families against exposure to traumatic events could explain these differences.

Published
2021
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21. Country-level correlates of the Dark Triad traits in 49 countries.

Author

Jonason PK, Żemojtel-Piotrowska M, Piotrowski J, Sedikides C, Campbell WK, Gebauer JE, Maltby J, Adamovic M, Adams BG, Kadiyono AL, Atitsogbe KA, Bundhoo HY, Bălțătescu S, Bilić S, Brulin JG, Chobthamkit P, Del Carmen Dominguez A, Dragova-Koleva S, El-Astal S, Esteves CS, Labib M Eldesoki W, Gouveia VV, Gundolf K, Ilisko D, Jauk E, Kamble SV, Khachatryan N, Klicperova-Baker M, Knezovic E, Kovacs M, Lei X, Liik K, Mamuti A, Moreta-Herrera CR, Milfont TL, Wei Ong C, Osin E, Park J, Petrovic B, Ramos-Diaz J, Ridic G, Qadir A, Samekin A, Sawicki A, Tiliouine H, Tomsik R, Umeh CS, van den Bos K, Van Hiel A, Uslu O, Wlodarczyk A, and Yahiiaev I

Subjects
Affect, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Personality, Machiavellianism, Narcissism
Abstract

Objectives: The Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) capture individual differences in aversive personality to complement work on other taxonomies, such as the Big Five traits. However, the literature on the Dark Triad traits relies mostly on samples from English-speaking (i.e., Westernized) countries. We broadened the scope of this literature by sampling from a wider array of countries., Method: We drew on data from 49 countries (N = 11,723; 65.8% female; Age Mean  = 21.53) to examine how an extensive net of country-level variables in economic status (e.g., Human Development Index), social relations (e.g., gender equality), political orientations (e.g., democracy), and cultural values (e.g., embeddedness) relate to country-level rates of the Dark Triad traits, as well as variance in the magnitude of sex differences in them., Results: Narcissism was especially sensitive to country-level variables. Countries with more embedded and hierarchical cultural systems were more narcissistic. Also, sex differences in narcissism were larger in more developed societies: Women were less likely to be narcissistic in developed (vs. less developed) countries., Conclusions: We discuss the results based on evolutionary and social role models of personality and sex differences. That higher country-level narcissism was more common in less developed countries, whereas sex differences in narcissism were larger in more developed countries, is more consistent with evolutionary than social role models., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Published
2020
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22. Staff Perception of Respect for Human Rights of Users and Organizational Well-being: A Study in Four Different Countries of the Mediterranean Area.

Author

Zgueb Y, Preti A, Perra A, El-Astal S, Aviles Gonzalez CI, Piras M, Testa G, Kirolov I, Tamburini G, Ouali U, Kalcev G, Romano F, Kovess V, and Carta MG

Abstract

Background: The perception by mental health service staff of respect for users' rights is a fundamental component of organizational well-being. The objective of this work is to examine how cultural differences and the working context can influence the perception of respect for users' rights in mental health professionals in the Mediterranean area., Methods: An observational survey carried out in four different mental health networks in four countries of the Mediterranean area (Tunisia, North-Macedonia, Italy, Palestine). Each invited participant fulfilled a format on socio-demographic information and coded the Well-Being at Work and Respect Right Questionnaire (WWRR). All data were encrypted and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The Games-Howell post-hoc test was used to assess differences between countries. The Games-Howell test does not assume equal variances and sample sizes. Eta-squared (η 2 ) was used as a measure of effect size in the ANOVA (η 2 around 0.01, 0.06, and 0.14 are considered small, medium, and large, respectively)., Results: The sample included 590 professionals working in the mental health field. The four countries showed statistically significant differences with regards to the quality rights assessment tool. Participants from Italy reported, on average, the highest scores across the questions. There were also differences across the countries about the perception of the impact of available resources on the effectiveness of care (η2 = 0.106)., Conclusion: Our findings offer a useful insight into the perception of the quality of mental health services, especially from a users' rights point of view., (© 2020 Zgueb et al.)

Published
2020
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