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Amal Ahmed Mohamed,1 Eman Elhussain,2 Naglaa Fawzy,3 Yasser Sakr,3 Marwa Salah El-dien,4 Abbas Mohammed Abbas,5 Maha S Hussein,6 Nourelhuda Nassar,7 Omnia Ezzat,8 Reham Yousry El-Amir,9 Sarah Ibrahim,10 Nermeen Ibrahim Bedair11,12 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research institute, Cairo, Egypt; 2Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; 3Department of Clinical Pathology, National Institute of Diabetics and Endocrinology, Cairo, Egypt; 4Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Benha university, Banha, Egypt; 5Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; 6Department of Dermatology and Andrology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt; 7Department of Clinical Pathology, Elsahel Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt; 8Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt; 9Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; 10Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo university, Cairo, Egypt; 11Department of Dermatology, Andrology, Sexual Medicine and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt; 12Department of Dermatology and Andrology, Armed Forces College of medicine, Cairo, EgyptCorrespondence: Nermeen Ibrahim Bedair, Department of Dermatology, Andrology, Sexual Medicine and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt, Email nermeen.bedair@med.helwan.edu.egBackground: Vitamin D is a regulatory factor for skin immune functions through vitamin D receptor, which is expressed on many immune cells. Vitamin D receptor is located on chromosome 12q 13.11 and has many single nucleotide polymorphisms. Some of them were hypothesized to be associated with psoriasis. Psoriasis is a genetic disease that is greatly affected by environmental factors.Methods: A total of 135 psoriasis patients and 114 healthy controls were recruited. Both had a measurement of serum vitamin D and two vitamin D receptor variants:, rs1544410: G > A (HGVS:NC_000012.12:g.47846052) and rs7975232: C > A (HGVS: NC_000012.12:g.47845054). We assessed the relationship between vitamin deficiency as well as the two gene polymorphisms with psoriasis susceptibility and severity.Results: Serum vitamin D levels were not significantly different between cases and controls. However, a significant association between vitamin D levels and severity was observed. We attributed this to our finding that rs7975232 was more significantly polymorphic among cases than controls, while rs1544410 polymorphism did not show a significant difference among the 2 groups.Conclusion: We did not find a significant difference in serum vitamin D levels between cases and controls. Yet, psoriasis severity was significantly associated with serum vitamin D levels. We attributed this to other findings that the vitamin D receptor rs7975232 gene is polymorphic in psoriasis patients. At the same time, rs1544410 was not significantly more polymorphic in psoriasis patients. Both genes’ polymorphisms were associated with severe psoriasis.Keywords: vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D receptors polymorphisms, single nucleotide polymorphism, ApaI, BsmI, rs7975232, rs1544410, psoriasis

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) aetiology is not exactly identified, but it is characterized by pruritic skin reactions with elevation in the levels of inflammatory markers. Despite the fact that Corticosteroids are the mainstay therapy in the management of AD, they have many local and systemic adverse effects. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical tacrolimus ointment in comparison to topical hydrocortisone cream in the management of the AD of children diagnosed with AD. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 200 children with AD. They were simply randomized into two groups, the tacrolimus group treated with 0.03% topical tacrolimus ointment and the hydrocortisone group treated with 1% hydrocortisone cream twice daily during the 3 weeks study period. Results: At the end of the study, both the tacrolimus and hydrocortisone groups showed a significant decline in the mean serum level of IL-10, IL-17, and IL-23 ( p < 0.05) when compared to their baseline levels. However, the tacrolimus group showed a more significant decrease ( p < 0.05) in the mean serum level of IL-10, IL-17, and IL-23 as compared to the hydrocortisone group [Mean differences = 1.600, 95% CI: 0.9858-2.214; 1.300, 95% CI: 1.086-1.514 and 4.200, 95% CI: 3.321-5.079]. Moreover, the median mEASI decreased similarly from 32 to 21 in the tacrolimus group and from 30 to 22 in the hydrocortisone group ( p > 0.05) [Median difference = -2.000, 95% CI: -2.651 to -1.349; Median difference = 1.000, 95% CI: 0.3489-1.651]. Mild to moderate transient stinging and erythema were the main adverse effects that showed higher incidence in the tacrolimus group than in the hydrocortisone group ( p < 0.05). In most cases, they resolved within 3-4 days. Besides, tacrolimus ointment did not cause skin atrophy as compared to the hydrocortisone group ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Tacrolimus ointment is more beneficial than hydrocortisone cream in managing AD in children in terms of lowering the inflammatory markers, however, there is no difference on the dermatitis severity scale. Moreover, tacrolimus is safer with a better side effect profile compared to hydrocortisone. Trial Registration: The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (CT.gov identifier: NCT05324618)., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Mohamed, El Borolossy, Salah, Hussein, Muharram, Elsalawy, Khalil, Mahmoud, El-Amir, Elsanhory, Ahmed, Adaroas, Montaser and El Kholy.)

(1) Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome are associated with decreased vitamin D. In contrast, high pro-neurotensin (pro-NT) levels are linked with an increased risk of T2DM and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine the validity of pro-NT and 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 levels as predictors for T2DM complications; (2) Methods: One hundred T2DM, and one hundred healthy volunteers participated in this case-control study. Their Pro-NT and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were evaluated using the ELISA technique; (3) Results: Pro-NT and 25 (OH) vitamin D3 have significant validity and accuracy in T2DM prediction, 84.5%, and 90.5%, respectively ( p = 0.001). At a value of <29.5, 25-Hydroxy vitamin D3 showed 88% sensitivity and 93% specificity in predicting T2DM. At a value of >124 Pmol/L, Pro-NT showed 81% sensitivity and 88% specificity in predicting T2DM. At a value of 16.5, 25-Hydroxy vitamin D3 had 78.4% sensitivity and 68.3% specificity in predicting T2DM complications. At a value of >158 pmol/L, Pro-NT predicted T2DM complications with 67.6% sensitivity and 56.0% specificity; (4) Conclusions: 25 (OH) Vit D3 and Pro-NT could identify T2DM patients and predict T2DM complications. More extensive research is required to adequately validate this novel perspective with a large population study.

Background/objectives: The pathophysiology of obesity is multifactorial, including genetic and environmental factors. Previous studies had highlighted the association of the leptin gene/receptor with obesity. We aimed to study the leptin gene rs7799039 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in children, and its association with the children's characteristics., Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study that included 143 children with obesity (cases) and a comparable group of 86 lean children as controls. The anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and biochemical testing were done for all participants. The real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect rs7799039 SNP variant alleles and ELISA for leptin level assessment., Results: The distribution of rs7799039 SNPs genotypes GG/GA/AA was comparable between both groups. Testing children regardless of their body mass index showed that the abnormalities in blood pressure, lipids values, insulin resistance, and hepatic insulin sensitivity were significantly associated with increased leptin levels. Among cases, the abnormal metabolic status was associated with higher leptin levels., Conclusions: The genotype' distribution of leptin gene rs7799039 SNP was similar in both children with obesity and those with normal-weight. The high blood pressure, abnormal lipid profile, and metabolic disturbances, were significantly associated with higher leptin levels and not with leptin gene rs7799039 SNP., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)