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Background: Understanding how C-peptide levels in the umbilical cord can be used to predict when a diabetic mother's newborn will experience hypoglycemia is urgently needed. This study aimed to assess the role of umbilical cord C-peptide levels in the early prediction of hypoglycemia among neonates of diabetic mothers. Methods: We carried out this cross-sectional study on 52 singleton newborns born to diabetic mothersin the neonatal resuscitation room and obstetric operation room at Zagazig University Hospital. The umbilical cord C-peptide concentration was assessed via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Complete blood count, blood glucose level, insulin level, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), were performed for neonates and mothers. Neonatal blood glucose was measured hourly three times. Results: A significant association was found between neonatal C-peptide levels and maternal premature rupture of membranes (p=0.013). Compared to normoglycemic neonates, hypoglycemic neonates had significantly higher C peptide levels (p<0.001). The best cut-off value of neonatal C-peptide for the prediction of neonatal hypoglycemia is =0.3685 ng/ml, with an area under the curve of 0.963, a sensitivity of 88.9%, a specificity of 88.4%, a positive predictive value of 61.5%, a negative predictive value of 97.4%, and accuracy of 88.5% (p<0.001). Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of monitoring umbilical cord C-peptide levels as a potential early predictor of neonatal hypoglycemia among infants born to diabetic mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inflammation plays an important role in neonatal hypoxia-induced organ damage. Newborns with perinatal asphyxia often develop persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate. This study aimed to early detection of pulmonary arterial hypertension in newborn to improve patient morbidity and mortality by estimated serum high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Methods: This case control study was conducted in Zagazig University Hospital, Pediatric (NICU) and clinical pathology departments, during a period of eight months from March 2020 to January 2021. Following were the three groups into which patients were split: Group 1: fifteen apparently healthy neonates included 11 male and 4 females, group 2: fifteen congenital heart diseases without pulmonary hypertension neonates included 10 male and 5 female and group 3: Fifteen congenital heart diseases with pulmonary hypertension neonates included 10 male and 5 female. Results: There is a statistically significant difference between the groups that were looked at for HMGB1 expression. When compared pairwise, congenital heart diseases (CHD) with pulmonary hypertension and the other groups show a significant difference (the greatest level was in CHD with pulmonary hypertension) hypertension then CHD without pulmonary hypertension then control group). Conclusion: HMGB1 levels in newborns with pulmonary hypertension increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The use of umbilical cord blood has proven to be a suitable tool for laboratory testing of neonates. In addition, it has been widely used in many regions due to its significant importance. Alkaline phosphatase is a common enzyme found in almost all body cells, including red blood cells, liver, bile ducts and bone. The objective of this r esearch was to investigate whether cord alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an intracellular enzyme abundant in red blood cells, could be used to predict the early hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. This study aimed to investigate whether cord alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which is an intracellular enzyme found abundantly in red blood cells, could be used for the early prediction of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. Methods: The study is a prospective clinical study model that was performed from March 2019 to September 2019 in the Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University Hospitals. The research included 56 newborns from 37 to 42 weeks of gestational age. The studied newborns were categorised into jaundiced (N=24) and nonjaundiced (N=32) groups. . Samples of cord blood were obtained directly after birth to test alkaline phosphatase levels. ALP and Bilirubin levels has been estimated using the automated chemistry analyzer (BT-3500). All newborns were were checked daily to find out the occurrence of jaundice in first 2 weeks of life. Neonates were followed-up for the emergence of jaundice. ALP was re-estimated after treatments of jaundiced group according to American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) protocols. Results: The obtained results of gestational age, APGAR, mode of delivery, sex, combs test score, weight, WBCs and platelets showed that there was no significant difference between jaundiced and non-jaundiced groups. On the other hand, the levels of ALP and hemoglobin showed significant differences between the studied groups. A point to note that, the levels of ALP was significantly decreased following the treatment of jaundice. ALP levels were significantly correlated positively and negatively with Bilirubin and hemoglobin levels, respectively. Conclusions: It could be concluded that, cord blood alkaline phosphatase level is a useful indicator in predicting subsequent jaundice in healthy term newborns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]