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Laryngeal cancer, particularly the squamous cell carcinoma subtype, is prevalent globally and is characterized by a poor prognosis and high mortality rates. Currently, no definitive prognostic markers exist for predicting the behavior of the tumor. The aim of this study is to examine the correlation between cyclin D1 and E-cadherin expression with some clinicopathological parameters in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). 60 cases of LSCC were retrospectively studied concerning the clinicopathological features and the potential prognostic role of cyclin D1 and E-cadherin expression in laryngeal carcinoma, using immunohistochemical staining scores on paraffin-embedded cancer tissues from patients who were treated with surgical excision. Reduced Ecadherin expression was significantly correlated with tumor grade (p = 0.0288), T stage (p = 0.041), and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.003). Regarding Cyclin D1, a statistically significant correlation was found with lymph node metastasis (p=0.019). In contrast, cyclin D1 expression was not significantly correlated with TNM stage or tumor grade (p=0.99 and 0.66, respectively). Evaluating expression of cyclin D1 in conjunction with E-cadherin expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma may prove beneficial in identifying patients with lymph node metastasis. Tumor grade, stage, and nodal metastasis can significantly affect E-cadherin expression in patients with LSCC. However, further studies using genetic testing are recommended to assess the role of E-cadherin in tumor progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent form of malignancy that is characterized by high mortality rates and prognosis that remain suboptimal, largely due to treatment resistance mechanisms. Recent studies have implicated cancer stem cells (CSCs), particularly those expressing epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), in HCC progression and resistance. In the present study, we sought to assess EpCAM expression in HCC patients and its correlation with various clinicopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: Tissue samples from 42 HCC patients were subjected to immunohistochemical staining to evaluate EpCAM expression. Clinicopathological data were obtained including the size, grade and stage of tumors, vascular invasion status, alpha-fetoprotein levels, and cirrhosis status. The Chi square and Fisher's exact tests were employed to assess the association between categorical groups. Independent Student-t test or Mann–Whitney U test was used to investigate the association between continuous patient characteristics and survival. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed EpCAM expression in 52.5% of HCC cases. EpCAM-positive tumors exhibited characteristics indicative of aggressive disease, including larger tumor sizes (p = 0.006), greater tumor multiplicity (p = 0.004), higher grades (p = 0.002), more advanced stages (p = 0.003), vascular invasion (p = 0.023), elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels (p = 0.013), and cirrhosis (p = 0.052). Survival analysis demonstrated that EpCAM expression was significantly associated with lower overall rates of survival and higher rates of recurrence in HCC patients. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that EpCAM expression may serve as a prognostic biomarker for HCC with a potential role in patient management. Targeting EpCAM-positive CSCs may represent a promising approach to overcome treatment resistance and improve clinical outcomes in HCC. However, further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying EpCAM's role in HCC progression is warranted to facilitate the development of personalized therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

background: Accurate diagnosis, early detection, and differentiation of lung adenocarcinoma from mesothelioma; particularly the epithelioid subtype is needed to allow better management thus to improve their prognosis.Aim of our study was to assess applicability of CPA4, UHRF1, glypican-1 and CD90 expression by immunohistochemistry to differentiate between lung adenocarcinoma and epithelioid mesothelioma in addition to detection of their prognostic roles and relation to patients' survival. Methods: We collected samples from 30 patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and 30 patients diagnosed with epithelioid mesothelioma. For the immunohistochemistry, sections of all collected samples were incubated with CPA4, UHRF1, glypican-1 and CD90 to assess their diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS: A highly significant association was detected between positive CPA4, UHRF1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma and their diagnostic accuracy (p value <0.001). Also, highly significant association was detected between positive CD90, Glypican 1 expression in epithelioid mesothelioma and their diagnostic accuracy (p value <0.001). CPA4 expression was associated with shorter OS rate (P value 0.019, 0.009) UHRF1 expression was associated with shorter OS rate (P value=0.009) Conclusions: CPA4, UHRF1, glypican-1 and CD90 were considered novel biomarkers that have important roles in differentiation between epithelioid malignant mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma of the lung with high sensitivity and specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]