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La gestion urbaine est le reflet de politiques publiques multiples et du degré de la démocratie locale. L’analyse du système de gestion de la ville de Marrakech, à travers l’appréciation de la portée et des limites de l’action publique présumée régulatrice vis-à-vis des intérêts divers et divergents liés à la production du sol urbain,permet de remettre en cause les logiques de ce système qui s’apparente à un acte tributaire d’une volonté éphémère et non d’une politique exercée suivant un cadrage réglementaire et normatif pondéré. La gestion urbaine au niveau de la ville de Marrakech se fait en l’absence de documents d’urbanisme à même d’aider à l’organisation et au développement urbains. Le manque de jalonnement en la matière et le manque d’expertise se traduisent souvent par des tergiversations et tractations quant à l’instruction des dossiers d’autorisations. Les outils de la gestion urbaine se limitent aux lotissements, groupes d’habitations, constructions et morcellements. On manque de certains outils d’aménagement urbain comme les zones d’aménagement concerté et les projets opérationnels, comme on manque d’un cadrage normatif lucide, sachant qu’on s’adosse à des circulaires et grilles reflétant les principes du modèle fonctionnaliste et la primauté de l’habitat sur l’urbanisme.En outre, la pratique de la dérogation en urbanisme affecte négativement la production du sol urbain de Marrakech, comme elle risque de défigurer le paysage naturel et agricole de son périurbain. Ce faisant, la gestion urbaine se réduit aux tractations et compromis et demeure tributaire des situations locales et conjoncturelles, faisant courtiser les intérêts des pouvoirs les plus forts. Pourtant la rationalité de la prise de décision en matière de gestion urbaine doit être perçue dans une prospective territoriale, eu égard aux différentes échelles d’aménagement et d’urbanisme.Ainsi, ce travail met l’accent sur les interfaces entre la planification stratégique de la ville, les moyens juridico-institutionnels et techniques mobilisables et les outils de la gestion urbaine. Il en est ainsi question, pour faire autrement, de partager une stratégie d’acteurs, de réguler l’action collective sur la ville, de voir large et profond dans les normes et servitudes de gestion urbaine en s’appliquant à construire un système normatif à la fois souple, facilitateur et précis.

The public (or state) enterprise manages a large part of thecollective heritage in most countries, so it is incumbent on it to comply with strict and rigorous governance criteria. In Morocco, the governance of public enterprises occupies more and more an important place in the main strategic orientations of the government. This importance is also present in Moroccan public opinion, especially with the various events that have marked the MENA region (the Arab Spring for example).However, given this interest in the public enterprise, the inventory of the empirical literature does not provide a clear picture of the impact of governance on this structure.On the other hand, examining the theoretical field into which the developments that deal more or less directly with the governance of companies, and more particularlythe public company, gives rise to a double feeling: On the one hand, with regard to our research objective, we remain dissatisfied with the explanations provided by a good number of analyses which hardly provide answers to questions about the specificity of the public enterprise in general, and in terms of governance, in particular.On the other hand, we are struck by the diversity of approaches that attempt to partially answer these questions without providing a comprehensive and multidimensional approach.In addition, most of the analyses encountered ignore aspects of public enterprises operating in developing countries. Empirically, however, the results of the many studies carried out so far are, on the whole, ambiguous and therefore do not support the unequivocal conclusion that there is a relationship between the form of ownership and performance.In addition, the governance of a company, whether private or public, involves several mechanisms (social networks, mutual control of managers, control by shareholders, etc.), nevertheless the administration’s council remains the most evoked tool, since it constitutes a means of direct control of shareholders.However, given the ambiguity presented by the impact of the administration’s council on the performance, of the public company in particular, with all the points of difference or resemblance that it presents compared to a private firm, from this research, we will aim to propose a new research model. The objective is to obtain more relevant answers concerning the effects of the administration’s council on the creation of values. To this end, we will build, on the basis of the synthetic theory of corporate governance, a modelcombining the arguments of disciplinary and cognitive approaches . To obtain satisfactory answers concerning the impact of the administration’s council on the creation of values of the public enterprise, we will operationalize the performance both by a measure of the return on assets as by a criterion of return on equity. To examine the validity of the many research hypotheses, we will begin regression analyzes in the form of panel data. The advantage of this method consists of the fact that it allows to take into account the transverse dimensions (instantaneous cuts) and longitudinal (temporal dimension). The analysis ends with a synthesis of the main results and their interpretation.This research work therefore aims to apply the synthetic approach of the government of the public enterprise in the Moroccan case in order to provide more satisfactory answers to the following question: "What are the impacts of a governance mechanism such as the administration council on the performance of the public company? "

The primary objective of this paper is to model transmission lines with frequency-dependent parameters loaded with linear and nonlinear terminations using an approach based on Pade approximations. To validate our algorithm in the case of lines with constant losses and frequency-dependent parameters, examples of applications in the time and frequency domains are presented. The simulations and obtained results are reported and analysed.

In this study, the removal of Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions was investigated using succinic anhydride modified cellulose monoacetate. In the first part, the cellulose acetate was successfully succinylated in a homogenous medium of DMF using 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as a catalyst. The obtained material (AcS) was analyzed by FTIR and CP/MAS 13C NMR Spectroscopy, thermogravimetry analysis and DRX patterns. The titration method was used to determinate the degree of hydroxyl group substituted by carboxyl group (DS) and was found to be 1.36. In the second part, the Bach technique was used to study the effects of pH, contact time, concentration of metals, ionic selectivity and regeneration. Maximum sorption capacities of AcS for Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) were 241.81, 133.76, 156.61 and 73,58 mg.g-1, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo second order kinetic models provided best fit to the experimental data of metal ion sorption. The nature of the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous in nature with negative values of ΔG° and ΔH°. Regeneration of the modified cellulose acetate was accomplished using nitric solution and showed high stability and good recyclability.

In the context of a rapidly evolving digital landscape, the co-creation of value with customers has gained importance in both academic and business realms, particularly within the hospitality sector. This study aims to analyze the integration of value co-creation strategies to enhance the online reputation of hotels, with a focus on active customer involvement. Using a qualitative research strategy, the study involved semi-structured, in-person interviews with twenty hotel managers from various hotels in Fez, Morocco. Thematic analysis of the interview data, conducted using NVivo 14 software, highlighted the critical role of value co-creation, customer experience, and e-reputation in enhancing hotels’ online reputation. Key sub-themes identified under value co-creation include active collaboration, innovation based on customer needs, and taking into account online comments. Regular online surveys were also significant for gathering customer proposals. In terms of customer experience, themes such as engagement, satisfaction, and perception were prominent. E-reputation management emerged as crucial, with sub-themes including real-time monitoring and response, integrating feedback into improvement processes, adopting advanced tools, and adapting online reputation strategies based on continuous feedback. The results underscore the interconnectedness of customer engagement, experience, and e-reputation. Integrating strategies that consider online comments and adopt advanced tools significantly improves the online reputation of hotels. Conclusions advocate for a cohesive approach prioritizing customer experience and continuous improvement, through innovative technologies and strategic adjustments to meet evolving customer needs, fostering a positive and enduring hotel online presence.

Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy (GWE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome due to Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency, fatal in 30% of cases and preventable if treatment is initiated early, characterized by the classic triad of encephalopathy, ocular involvement: ophthalmoplegia and/or nystagmus and ataxia. GWE is mainly observed in alcoholics, but can also appear in any state of malnutrition. In obstetrics, hyperemesis gravidarum can be complicated by GWE due to low thiamine stores and increased thiamine requirements. We report a case of Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy complicating incoercible vomiting in a pregnant woman.

Peanuts are highly valued for their abundance of essential nutrients and health-promoting phenolic compounds. Peanut press cake, an inexpensive and underutilized agro-industrial by-product of oil production, is typically discarded or used as animal feed. This study investigated the influence of thermal processing and varietal disparities on the nutritional composition, phenolic content, and biological properties of peanut flour and oilcake flour, aiming to enhance their value as food ingredients. The findings showed that roasting significantly increased the oil (9.98 ± 0.11–44.13 ± 0.10 %), ash (1.28 ± 0.01–5.45 ± 0.05 %), carbohydrate contents (0.90 ± 0.01–28.09 ± 0.28 %), and energy value (406.69 ± 0.09–609.13 ± 1.08 kcal/100 g), along with the total polyphenol content (28.64 ± 0.19–62.79 ± 1.18 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (4.20 ± 0.07–18.35 ± 0.06 mg QE/g) and antioxidant activity in both peanut flour and its oilcake. Conversely, it led to a reduction in the moisture (1.48 ± 0.09–6.25 ± 0.15 %) and protein content (49.50 ± 0.05–54.24 ± 0.01 %). Notable variations were found between the two peanut varieties in terms of these nutritional parameters. Elemental analysis unveiled significant discrepancies among peanut varieties and with roasting, with potassium (12,237.56 ± 101.36–14,513.34 ± 168.62 mg/kg) emerging as the predominant macro-element followed by phosphorus (6156.86 ± 36.19–8815.22 ± 130.70 mg/kg) and magnesium (3037.92 ± 13.87–4096.44 ± 8.54 mg/kg), while zinc (53.98 ± 0.61–81.77 ± 0.44 mg/kg) predominated among the microelements. Moreover, peanut and oilcake flours demonstrated antibacterial activity against several bacteria. It can be inferred that roasted peanut and oilcake flours offer substantial nutritional value, making them promising candidates for addressing protein-energy malnutrition and serving as valuable ingredients in developing new food products.

Calcium molybdate (CaMoO4) is of significant interest due to its unique properties and numerous industrial applications, such as catalysis, electrochemistry, and optoelectronics. In this study, we developed an economical and environmentally friendly method to synthesize calcium molybdate from Moroccan phosphogypsum (PG) industrial waste and sodium molybdate, all at room temperature. Comprehensive analysis through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman vibrational spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the high purity of the synthesized calcium molybdate, with particle sizes of only 12 nm. Additionally, optical characteristics were studied using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), which showed an optical band gap of Egap = 3.96 eV for CaMoO4. These results confirm the successful synthesis of calcium molybdate nanoparticles from Moroccan phosphogypsum, demonstrating an effective pathway to valorize this industrial waste into a valuable material. This approach contributes to environmental sustainability by reducing dependence on rare chemicals while offering innovative solutions for the industry’s sustainable development.

Abstract Within the context of Molecular Electronic Density Theory (MEDT), this study investigates the Diels–Alder reaction among isoprene (2) and R-carvone (1R) applying DFT simulations, with and without Lewis acid (LA) catalysis. The results show that carvone (1R) acts as an electrophile and isoprene (2) as a nucleophile in a polar process. LA catalysis increases the electrophilicity of carvone, thereby improving the reactivity and selectivity of the reaction by reducing the activation Gibbs free energy. Parr functions reveal that the C5=C6 double bond is more reactive than the C9=C10 double bond, indicating chemoselectivity. The examination of the Electron Localization Function (ELF) reveals high regio- and stereoselectivity, indicating an asynchronous mechanism for the LA-catalyzed DA reaction. Furthermore, it is suggested that cycloadduct 3 has great anti-HIV potential because it exhibits lower binding energies than azidothymidine (AZT) in the docking studies of cycloadducts 3 and 4 amongst a primary HIV-1protein (1A8O plus 5W4Q).

Alongside efforts to reduce carbon emissions, energy production and use took on new urgency last year, when Europe and other countries faced harsh realities regarding electricity availability and affordability; therefore, solutions are needed to avoid the consequences of the existing gas monopoly because electricity prices are directly correlated with gas prices. One possible alternative to solving this problem is to purchase sustainable electricity from countries with high potential to produce and sell electricity from renewable sources, such as Morocco. A detailed examination of the current situation and the mentioned potential above is required to find new solutions that can have significant political consequences. Publicly available secondary information and scientific literature were investigated to reflect the current situation; statistical information was collected and analyzed to find out the cases of energy transfer from Morocco to other countries; expert investigation was carried out to identify the specifics of problems related to renewable energy production and transmission to Europe. Actual cases of electricity transmission have been or are currently happening only between neighbouring countries Spain and Algeria. The electricity transmission with Algeria is interrupted due to political disagreements. Three future electricity transmission connections are planned: a substantial long-distance project - "Xlinks" with the UK; second, with Portugal, and discussions are underway regarding Mauritania. Morocco can become an essential actor by exporting electricity to Europe, considering its proximity to Spain and huge potential for solar and wind energy that can fulfil the needs of all of Europe. However, it is essential to pay attention; not only Europe but African countries are on the list of those who want to purchase Moroccan electricity.

This paper considers the problem of scheduling a set of n independent jobs on m identical parallel machines with setup times constraints. Immediately before processing, each job must be loaded on a common server to perform the setup operation. During the loading operation, both the machine and the server are occupied. Two greedy heuristics are developed for (m ≥ 2) in order to minimize respectively the server waiting time and the machine idle time. These heuristics generalize those proposed in the literature for the case of two machines. The computational results show the efficiency of the proposed heuristics.