Search

Abstract Jatropha variegata and Jatropha spinosa (family: Euphorbiaceae) are utilized in Yemeni traditional medicine to treat respiratory tract infection and in different skin conditions such as wound healing, as antibacterial and hemostatic. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity and the antiviral activities of the methanolic J. variegata (leaves: Ext-1, stems: Ext-2, and roots: Ext-3), and J. spinosa extracts (aerial parts: Ext-4 and roots: Ext-5), in addition to their methylene chloride fractions of roots extracts (F-6 and F-7, respectively). All samples were tested against three human cancer cell lines in vitro (MCF-7, HepG2, and A549) and two viruses (HSV-2 and H1N1). Both plants showed significant cytotoxicity, among them, the methylene chloride fractions of roots of J. variegata ( F-6 ) and J. spinosa roots (F-7) showed the highest activity on MCF-7 (IC50 = 1.4 and 1 μg/mL), HepG2 (IC50 = 0.64 and 0.24 μg/mL), and A549 (IC50 = 0.7 and 0.5 μg/mL), respectively, whereas the IC50 values of the standard doxorubicin were (3.83, 4.73, and 4.57 μg/mL) against MCF-7, HepG2, and A549, respectively. These results revealed that the roots of both plants are potential targets for cytotoxic activities. The in vitro results revealed potential antiviral activity for each of Ext-3, Ext-5, F-6, and F-7 against HVS-2 with IC50 of 101.23, 68.83, 4.88, 3.24 μg/mL and against H1N1 with IC50 of 51.29, 27.92, 4.24, and 3.06 μg/mL respectively, whereas the IC50 value of the standard acyclovir against HVS-2 was 83.19 μg/mL and IC50 value of the standard ribavirin against H1N1 was 52.40 μg/mL .The methanol extracts of the roots (Ext-3 and Ext-5) of both plants were characterized using UPLC/MS. A total of 73 metabolites were annotated, including fourteen diterpenoids, eleven flavonoids, ten phenolic acid conjugates, twelve fatty acids and their conjugates, five triterpenes and steroids, two sesquiterpenes, and six coumarins. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activities determined in the present work are explained by the existence of flavonoids, coumarins and diterpenes with commonly known cytotoxicity and antiviral activities.

Maesa indica Roxb. Sweet is a shrub known for its richness in secondary metabolites. A callus culture protocol was established to enhance its chemical profile. Sixteen elicitation culture treatments were evaluated, and we confirmed that the treatment of 200 mg/L polyethylene glycol (4000) coupled with exposure to 30 W UV irradiation for 60 min (PEG4) resulted in the highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, which were 4.1 and 4.9 times those of the plant ethanolic extract and 4.9 and 4.8 times those of a control sample, respectively. The phenolic compounds in the different treatments were identified qualitatively and quantitatively using the LC-ESI-MS/MS-MRM technique. Molecular docking studies of the phenolic compounds were conducted using MOE software and revealed that rutin showed the highest binding affinity toward the anti-cancer target (p38α MAPK). The cytotoxicity of the ME and PEG 4 treatment was tested against colon, breast, prostate, lung, and liver cell lines using an MTT assay. The highest cytotoxic effect of PEG4 was against prostate cancer with an IC50 value of 25.5 µg/mL. Hence, this study showed enhanced secondary metabolite accumulation and identified the phenolic compounds in the 16 treatments. The cytotoxicity assay highlighted the possible cytotoxic effect of the PEG4 treatment, and we recommend further investigations into its activity.

Abstract Background Breast cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor that affects women worldwide. The primary challenge in treating breast cancer is combating drug resistance, which contributes to relapse and metastasis. Jatrophone is a unique macrocyclic jatrophane diterpene found in various Jatropha and Euphorbia species. It possesses diverse biological and pharmacological activities, including anticancer activity. However, it is unclear whether jatrophone can overcome drug resistance in breast cancer. Methods This study includes the investigation of the cytotoxicity of jatrophone on doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7ADR) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The effects of jatrophone on cell viability were determined using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, while flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and autophagy. A scratch assay was conducted to observe cell migration, and western blotting was used to measure downstream protein levels (PI3K, AKT, and NF-κB). Unpaired Student’s t-tests were used for comparison between the two groups and the results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey- Kremer post hoc test. Results It was shown that jatrophone exhibited potent cytotoxic activity on MCF-7ADR cells in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 1.8 µM. It also significantly induced cell cycle S and G/M phase arrest. Interestingly, jatrophone induced both early and late apoptotic cell death, as well as autophagic cell death, with negligible necrosis. Furthermore, jatrophone treatment diminished the migration of MCF-7ADR cells. At the molecular level, jatrophone treatment significantly down-regulated the expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and NF-κB. β. Conclusions The results of the study suggest that jatrophone decreases the proliferation of MCF-7/ADR cells at a low micromolar concentration; induces cell cycle arrest; promotes apoptotic, and autophagic cell death; inhibits migration and EMT; and works on resistance by a mechanism involving the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/ NF-κB pathway. These findings provide evidence of the potential of jatrophone to be a promising lead compound for targeting doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells and could be further investigated for its clinical application as a chemotherapy adjuvant.

Abstract Plant resins are rich in bioactive compounds with high medicinal values. However, the chemistry and anti-inflammatory activity of the resins produced by trees of the genus Eucalyptus were scarcely investigated. The inflammatory targets cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), COX-2, TNF-, NF-B, and NO were significantly inhibited by the methanolic extract of Eucalyptus maculata kino resin (EME) and its CH2Cl2 soluble fraction (MCF). Sakuranetin (C1), (E)-cinnamic acid (C2), kaempferol 7- methyl ether (C3), 7-O-methyl aromadendrin (C4), and 1,6- dicinnamoyl-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (C5) were isolated from MCF. Three compounds (C1, C2, and C4) showed potent in vitro COX-1 inhibition, while C5 inhibited COX-2, TNF-α, NF-κB, and NO significantly. An in-silico study revealed that C5 had the highest binding affinity to the active site in COX-2 with binding energy score (S) of -14.85 kcal/mol, better than celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor). In conclusion, 1,6-dicinnamoyl-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (C5) could be investigated further in the search for anti-inflammatory agents.

Maesa indica (Roxb.) Sweet is one of the well-known traditionally-used Indian plants. This plant is rich in secondary metabolites like phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, and carbohydrates. It contains numerous therapeutically active compounds like palmitic acid, chrysophanol, glyceryl palmitate, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, dodecane, maesaquinone, quercetin 3-rhaminoside, rutin, chlorogenic acid, catechin, quercetin, nitrendipine, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate, kiritiquinon, and β-thujone. The Maesa indica plant has been reported to have many biological properties including antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-angiogenic, anti-leishmanial, antioxidant, radical scavenging, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-coronavirus effects. One purpose of the current study was to investigate the leaves’ metabolome via Triple-Time-of-Flight-Liquid-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (T-TOF LC/MS/MS) to identify the chemical constituents of the Maesa indica ethanolic extract (ME). Another purpose of this study was to explore the protective effect of ME against potassium dichromate (PD)-induced pulmonary damage in rats. Rats were assigned randomly into four experimental groups. Two different doses of the plant extract, (25 and 50 mg/kg), were administered orally for seven consecutive days before PD instillation injection. Results of our study revealed that ME enhanced cellular redox status as it decreased lipid peroxidation marker, MDA and elevated reduced glutathione (GSH). In addition, ME upregulated the cytoprotective signaling pathway PI3K/AKT. Moreover, ME administration ameliorated histopathological anomalies induced by PD. Several identified metabolites, such as chlorogenic acid, quercetin, apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, and rutin, had previously indicated lung-protective effects, possibly through an antioxidant effect and inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators. In conclusion, our results indicated that ME possesses lung-protective effects, which may be the result of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Aims: To assess oral health, treatment burden, mortality risk, and demographics in elders with care‐resistant behaviors (CRB) in nursing homes (NH) and compare them with those without CRB. Methods and results: 503 participants from eight NH who received dental treatment through a mobile dental clinic were included. Their medical and dental records were screened regarding oral/dental health, treatment history, general health, demographics, and CRB. Statistical analysis was performed to show correlations between CRB and the measured parameters. Data were verified for normal distribution; a point‐biserial correlation model was used (95% CI: α = 0.05). No correlation was found between CRB and Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMF‐T) (rpb = ‐0.061, p =.177), as well as periodontal status (rpb = 0.004, p =.946). A negative correlation was observed between CRB and the required number of treatment procedures (rpb = ‐0.181, p <.0001), time (rpb = ‐0.118, p =.010), and costs (rpb = ‐0.100, p =.028). Sex predilection for men regarding CRB was evident (rpb = ‐0.155, p =.01). No correlation appeared between CRB and vital status (rpb = ‐0.41, p =.355). Conclusion: Oral health seems to be similar in institutionalized elders with or without CRB. Treatment burden was not elevated, but even reduced in elders with CRB, evincing that few/no treatment procedures were performed in those elders. CRB demonstrated a sex predilection for men. An association between CRB and increased mortality was not evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant secondary metabolites are key components for new, safe and effective drugs. Ethanolic extract of Maesa indica Roxb. Sweet (ME) aerial parts were used for biosynthesis of sustainable green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with an average particle size 6.80 ± 1.47 nm and zeta potential −19.7 mV. Both transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction assay confirmed the hexagonal shape of ZnO NPs. Phenolic ingredients in ME were identified using LC-ESI-MS/MS-MRM revealing the identification of chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, coumaric acid, vanillin, naringenin, quercetin, ellagic acid, 3.4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, methyl gallate, kaempferol, ferulic acid, syringic acid, and luteolin. The major compound was chlorogenic acid at concentration of 1803.84 μg/g. The antiviral activity of ME, ZnO NPs, and combination of ME with ZnO NPs against coronavirus 229E were investigated. ZnO NPs had superior antiviral effect against coronavirus 229E than ME while their combination showed the highest anti-coronavirus 229E effect, with 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 5.23 ± 0.18 µg/mL and 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 138.49 ± 0.26 µg/mL while the selectivity index (SI) was 26.47. The current study highlighted the possible novel anti-coronavirus 229E activity of green ZnO NPs synthesized from Maesa indica. More studies are needed to further investigate this antiviral activity to be utilized in future biomedical and environmental applications.

Maesa indica Roxb. Sweet is a shrub known for its richness in secondary metabolites. A callus culture protocol was established to enhance its chemical profile. Sixteen elicitation culture treatments were evaluated, and we confirmed that the treatment of 200 mg/L polyethylene glycol (4000) coupled with exposure to 30 W UV irradiation for 60 min (PEG4) resulted in the highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, which were 4.1 and 4.9 times those of the plant ethanolic extract and 4.9 and 4.8 times those of a control sample, respectively. The phenolic compounds in the different treatments were identified qualitatively and quantitatively using the LC-ESI-MS/MS-MRM technique. Molecular docking studies of the phenolic compounds were conducted using MOE software and revealed that rutin showed the highest binding affinity toward the anti-cancer target (p38α MAPK). The cytotoxicity of the ME and PEG 4 treatment was tested against colon, breast, prostate, lung, and liver cell lines using an MTT assay. The highest cytotoxic effect of PEG4 was against prostate cancer with an IC50 value of 25.5 µg/mL. Hence, this study showed enhanced secondary metabolite accumulation and identified the phenolic compounds in the 16 treatments. The cytotoxicity assay highlighted the possible cytotoxic effect of the PEG4 treatment, and we recommend further investigations into its activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bunchosia armeniaca (Cav.) DC (Malpighiaceae) is one of the well-known traditionally used remedies worldwide. This study aims to explore the leaves’ metabolome via Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight-Liquid-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and to investigate the neuroprotective effect of leaves using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced Alzheimer’s disease model. Mice were administered LPS (0.25 mg/kg/day; intraperitoneal) as well as methanolic extract (BME), dichloromethane (BDMF), and butanol (BBF) fractions (each 200 mg/kg/day; oral) for one week. BME and BBF improved behavioral activity on the Y maze test, decreased brain content of inflammatory markers such as nuclear factor kappa B and interleukin 1 beta, and prevented the elevation of cytochrome P450 2E1, and glial fibrillary acidic protein compared to the LPS-administered group. Histopathological examination of several brain parts confirmed the neuroprotective effect of the tested extracts. In addition, BBF exhibited higher activity in all tested in vitro antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition assays. Metabolic profiling offered tentative identification of 88 metabolites, including mainly flavonoids, phenolic acids, and coumarins. Several detected metabolites, such as quercetin, apigenin, baicalin, vitexin, and resveratrol, had previously known neuroprotective effects. The current study highlighted the possible novel potential of B. armeniaca in preventing memory impairment, possibly through its antioxidant effect and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators.

Background: The current work planned to evaluate Cordia africana Lam. stem bark, a traditionally used herb in curing of different ailments in Africa such as gastritis and wound infections, based on phytochemical and antibacterial studies of two pathogenic microorganisms: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Helicobacter pylori. Methods: High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling was used for qualitative and quantitative investigation of the ethanol extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the ethanolic extract and isolated compounds was estimated using the broth microdilution method and evidenced by molecular dynamics simulations. Results: Four compounds were isolated and identified for the first time: α-amyrin, β-sitosterol, rosmarinic acid (RA) and methyl rosmarinate (MR). HPLC analysis illustrated that MR was the dominant phenolic acid. MR showed the best bacterial inhibitory activity against MRSA and H. pylori with MIC 7.81 ± 1.7 μg/mL and 31.25 ± 0.6, respectively, when compared to clarithromycin and vancomycin, respectively. Conclusion: The antibacterial activity of the stem bark of Cordia africana Lam. was evidenced against MRSA and H. pylori. Computational modeling of the studied enzyme-ligands systems reveals that RA and MR can potentially inhibit both MRSA peptidoglycan transpeptidases and H. pylori urease, thereby creating a pathway via the use of a double target approach in antibacterial treatment.

Good margin integrity with a tight seal of the adhesive interface is considered one of the key factors for the clinical success of composite restorations. This study investigated the effect of enamel etching with phosphoric acid on the margin integrity of self-etch bonded composite restorations in demineralized enamel. Crowns of bovine incisors were assigned into 14 groups (n = 10 per group) of which ten groups (groups 1–5 and 8–12) were demineralized (21 days, acid buffer, pH 4.95) to create artificial carious lesions. Standardized Class V cavities were prepared in all specimens. Demineralized groups were either etched with phosphoric acid for 10, 30, 60, or 120 s (groups 2–5 and 9–12), or no etching was performed (groups 1 and 8). The non-demineralized (sound) groups were etched for 10 s (groups 7 and 14) or remained non-etched (groups 6 and 13). Resin composite restorations were then placed using either a one-step (iBond Self Etch, groups 1–7) or two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond, groups 8–14). Margin integrity of the restorations was assessed after thermocycling (5000×, 5–55 °C) using scanning electron microscopy, and the percentage of continuous margins (%CM) was statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). Phosphoric acid etching significantly increased %CM in both demineralized and sound enamel. For iBond Self Etch, a significant increase in %CM in demineralized enamel was observed with increased etching times. All etched groups treated with Clearfil SE Bond and those etched for 60 or 120 s and treated with iBond Self Etch showed similar %CM in demineralized enamel as in etched sound enamel, and significantly higher %CM than in non-etched sound enamel. In conclusion, enamel etching with phosphoric acid improves margin integrity of composite restorations in demineralized enamel when bonded with the examined adhesives.

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is an important perennial grass in the Poaceae family cultivated worldwide due to its economical and medicinal value. In this study, a combined approach using mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed for the large-scale metabolite profiling of sugarcane juice and its by-product molasses. The polyphenols were analysed via UPLC-UV-ESI-MS, whereas the primary metabolites such as sugars and organic and amino acids were profiled using NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). UPLC/MS was more effective than NMR spectroscopy or GC/MS for determining differences among the metabolite compositions of the products. Under the optimized conditions, UPLC/MS led to the identification of 42 metabolites, including nine flavonoids, nine fatty acids, and two sterols. C/O Flavone glycosides were the main subclass detected, with tricin-7-O-deoxyhexosyl glucuronide being detected in sugarcane and molasses for the first time. Based on GC/MS analysis, disaccharides were the predominant species in the sugarcane juice and molasses, with sucrose accounting for 66% and 59%, respectively, by mass of all identified metabolites. The phenolic profiles of sugarcane and molasses were further investigated in relation to their in vitro antioxidant activities using free radical scavenging assays such as 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical-scavenging ability (DPPH), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). In view of its higher total phenolic content (TPC) (196 ± 2.1 mg GAE/100 g extract) compared to that of sugarcane juice (93 ± 2.9 mg GAE/100 g extract), molasses exhibited a substantially higher antioxidant effect. Interestingly, both extracts were also found to inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes, suggesting a possible antihyperglycaemic effect. These findings suggest molasses may be a new source of natural antioxidants for functional foods.

Jatrophone (JAT) is a macrocyclic diterpene isolated from several Jatropha and Euphorbia species. Jatrophone and jatrophane derivatives are of wide interest because of their diverse biological and pharmacological activities. The goal of this article is to summarize the natural sources, synthesis, and biological activities of JAT. This review was performed through a systematic search in electronic databases, for example, Egyptian Knowledge Bank databases (Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed), and Google Scholar, covering the period from 1970 to February 2022. A total of 788 articles were identified through Google Scholar, 92 in Scopus and 75 in Web of Science, and 32 in PubMed databases and after subsequent removal of duplication and irrelevant articles, resulted in 60 articles. The results revealed diverse biological activities for jatrophone such as inhibitory effects on insulin release, lymphocyte activation, and tumour cell proliferation. In addition, it showed relaxation of muscle contraction and rat portal vein, also, anti-protozoal, molluscicidal activities and gastroprotective effects. In conclusion, this review reported natural sources of JAT and explicated its wide biological activities thus suggesting that JAT is a potentially promising pharmacological candidate. However, more detailed safety and pharmacokinetic investigations are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the influence of pretreating demineralized enamel with a caries infiltrant on the margin integrity of Class V composite restorations bonded with different adhesives. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 specimens from bovine incisors were demineralized (21 days, acid buffer, pH 4.95) to create artificial enamel lesions, and circular Class V cavities were prepared. Cavities of half of the specimens were treated with either an unfilled etch-and-rinse adhesive (Syntac Classic; Ivoclar Vivadent), a filled etch and-rinse adhesive (Optibond FL; Kerr), or a self-etch adhesive (iBond Self Etch; Heraeus Kulzer) (n = 10 per group). Demineralized enamel of the other half of the specimens was pretreated with a caries infiltrant (Icon; DMG) prior to adhesive application. All cavities were restored with a nanofilled composite material and thermocycled (5000 ×, 5°C-55°C). Margin integrity was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, and the percentage of continuous margin was statistically analyzed (p < 0.05). Results: The significantly highest margin integrity was observed for Optibond FL, whether or not demineralized enamel was pretreated with the infiltrant. Pretreatment of demineralized enamel with the infiltrant resulted in a significant increase in margin integrity when the unfilled etch-and-rinse adhesive (Syntac Classic) or the self-etch adhesive (iBond Self Etch) was subsequently applied, but showed no significant improvement in combination with the filled etch-and-rinse adhesive (Optibond FL). Conclusion: Application of a caries infiltrant can improve margin integrity of composite fillings in demineralized enamel when used in combination with the examined self-etch and unfilled adhesives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Prions are known to cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) after accumulation in the central nervous system. There is increasing evidence that prions are also present in body fluids and that prion infection by blood transmission is possible. The low concentration of the proteinaceous agent in body fluids and its long incubation time complicate epidemiologic analysis and estimation of spreading and thus the risk of human infection. This situation is particularly unsatisfactory for food and pharmaceutical industries, given the lack of sensitive tools for monitoring the infectious agent. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We have developed an adsorption matrix, Alicon PrioTrap, which binds with high affinity and specificity to prion proteins. Thus we were able to identify prion protein (PrP(C))--the precursor of prions (PrP(Sc))--in milk from humans, cows, sheep, and goats. The absolute amount of PrP(C) differs between the species (from microg/l range in sheep to ng/l range in human milk). PrP(C) is also found in homogenised and pasteurised off-the-shelf milk, and even ultrahigh temperature treatment only partially diminishes endogenous PrP(C) concentration. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: In view of a recent study showing evidence of prion replication occurring in the mammary gland of scrapie infected sheep suffering from mastitis, the appearance of PrP(C) in milk implies the possibility that milk of TSE-infected animals serves as source for PrP(Sc).

The short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-mediated expression of the spv gene in Salmonella dublin was analyzed to determine the role of RpoS regulatory protein in the expression of the plasmid virulence gene. The RpoS regulatory protein mediated the SCFA-induced expression of the Salmonella dublin spv gene during the exponential phase of microbial growth. However, the expression of the plasmid virulence gene during the stationary phase of microbial growth was not affected by alterations in the levels of RpoS.

Although Malpighiaglabra Linn. fruits are well studied for their nutritional and medicinal prominence; little attention has been given to the leaves. Our study intends to investigate the leaves metabolic profile using Q‐TOF LC/MS/MS (Quadrupole‐Time‐of‐Flight‐Liquid‐Chromatography‐Mass‐Spectrometry), and to explore their in vivo hepatoprotective activity in rats using CCL4‐induced hepatic damage model and silymarin as standard. Fifty metabolites were characterized, belonging to different classes; coumarins (capensine, daphnoretin, and scopoletin), flavonoids (mainly quercetin and apigenin glycosides), phenolic acids (cinnamic acid and quinic acid derivatives) and amino acids (adenosine, homoisoleucine, and phenylalanine).These compounds are detected in the leaves for the first time. The hepatoprotective activity at three doses (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) was investigated. The dose of 800 mg/Kg showed the highest hepatoprotective effect as it reduced the elevated serum levels of ALT, AST, NO, and TNF‐α liver content by 26, 24, 23, and 42%, respectively, it also remarkably increased the serum level of catalase by 102%. All the tested doses showed higher reduction in serum level of TNF‐α compared to silymarin which suggests their strong anti‐inflammatory potential. M. glabra leaves are revealed to be a rich source of secondary metabolites and proved to possess significant hepatoprotective potential. Practical applications: The performed analyses in this study shows the richness of Malpighiaglabra Linn. leaves in a plethora of beneficial and safe phytochemicals which are well‐known to have a pivotal role in protection against different diseases including liver disorders. The carried‐out investigations were done using Q‐TOF LC/MS/MS analysis which is a reliable technique for the determination, characterization and identification of bioactive metabolites; in addition to evaluation of the hepatoprotective effect of the leaves. Therefore, this study may emphasize that Malpighiaglabra Linn. leaves may have the same nutritional and medicinal importance as its fruits, and they could be incorporated into pharmaceuticals and foods instead of discarding them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]