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Background: The last-resort classes of antibiotics with the best success in treating severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infections caused by drug-resistant P. aeruginosa are carbapenems. So, we aimed to assess the frequency of carbapenemresistant genes in P. aeruginosa. Methods: Samples isolated from critically ill patients at Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and surgical wards in Minia, Egypt were examined for imipenem-resistance phenotypically by Modified Hodge test (MHT) and Modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) test and genotypically by PCR. Results: Fifty isolates (64%) of P. aeruginosa were resistant to carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem), of which: 16 (32%) were (MHT) positive and 26 (52 %) were (mCIM)- positive. Regarding resistance genes, blaIMP, blaVIM, and blaKPC were detected in 14%, 20%, and 48% of the carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) isolates; respectively, while blaGIM, blaSIM, blaNDM-1 and blaSPM-1 were not detected. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of P. aeruginosa. Doctors should pay attention to carbapenem resistance. mCIM test was much more sensitive than MHT for phenotypic detection of CRPA isolates. blaKPC gene was the most frequently detected gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) has become a global pathogen relevant to healthcare. Carbapenems are among the last resort classes of antibiotics having the greatest efficacy against severe infections caused by bacteria that are resistant to many other antibiotics. This research was done in order to detecte the frequency of carbapenememase genes in A. baumannii isolated from Surgical Wards and Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in Minia, Egypt by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Methods: 310 patients who were undergoing surgery and receiving care in ICUs participated in the current study between August 2017 and October 2020. The isolates were obtained from a variety of clinical samples, including sputum, bronchial lavage, Pus and wound fluid. All clinical samples have been collected under complete aseptic conditions. A. baumannii isolates were identified by standard microbiological tests. The resistance patterns of the obtained isolates were detected by the disc diffusion method. Production of carbapenemresistant genes was determined by phenotypic tests the Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and confirmed by the modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM). Various carbapenem-resistant genes were detected by PCR. Results:Out of 310 samples, Twenty-Five 25 (8%) isolates of A. baumannii were obtained. Antibiotic and sensitivity tests detect that 16(64%) and 12(48%) of A.baumannii isolates were resistant to meropenem and imipenem respectively. Out of the Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB): 9(56%) were (MHT) positive, and 13 (81%) were (mCIM) positive. Regarding resistance genes, blaOXA-23like and blaOXA-51like were detected in 94% and 100% of CRAB isolates respectively, while blaOXA-24like, blaoxa-48like, blaoxa-58like and blaNDM were not detected in CRAB isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]