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The aim of this work was to investigate the antibacterial activity of aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Olive Leaves against pathogenic bacteria isolated from raw material, production line and lines and worker swaps samples. These samples were collected from different factories at Dec.2017 to Feb.2018 in egypt. The bacteria were isolated and identified as E.coli, Staphylococcus arueus and Salmonella typhimrium. The dried of leaves olive was extracted by water and ethanol. The antibacterial activity was determined by Disc diffusion assay and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determined. The extracts were found to be effective inhibitory against all the bacterial isolated, but they were effective inhibitory against Gram-positive more than Gram-negative bacteria. The maximum inhibitory zone was noted against Staph.aureus (24 mm), Salmonella typhimrium (18 mm) and E.coli (19.8).The MIC observed from the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extract is 50-60 mg/ml and 30- 60 mg/ml respectively for E.coli, Staphylococcus arueus and Salmonella typhimrium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microbial contamination of the female genital tract has effect on the ivf outcome and negatively effect on fertility, fertilization and implantation rate. Lactobacillus sp. is the dominant organism of the vaginal flora that have an important role in the inhibition of pathogen. 48 patients were selected for this study aged between 20-40 years, During embryo transfer, 3 samples were collected from each patient from vagina, end cervical canal and the tip of the catheter. The samples were assayed microbiology. The microbial culture contained natural flora and pathogen organism .The isolated pathogens were identified as Klebsilla pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. famata, C. parapsilosis, C. catenulate according to Bergey's manual and confirmed by VITEK System. Candida sp found to be the most frequent in female genital tract. The probiotic (Lactobacillus. acidophilus) and its metabolites (bacteriocin) were inhibited growth of isolated pathogenic microbial in vitro. The result showed that L. acidophilus and their metabolite bacteriocin have antagonistic activity against pathogenic microbes. Recommendation: Oral or transvaginal administration of Lactobacillus or bacteriocin antiseptics; disinfected; maintain a health vagina and prevent the infection of the reproductive tract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) belongs to legumes reducing atmospheric nitrogen symbiotically through Rhizobia Spp. into proteins in a process leaves no carbon footprint. However, chickpea is highly susceptible to viral diseases, which limits productivity. Therefore, the current study is conducted, in two seasons (2015/2016, 2016/2017) to evaluate the symbiotic efficiency of Mesorhizobia in reducing the damage occurs in chickpea if was infected by chickpea yellow mosaic virus (CpYMV). For this aim, One viral (CpYMV) and two Mesorhizobial isolates (MS3All, MS8All) are isolated from open-fields of chickpea plants. Three chickpea experimental lines (F.07-268, F.07-258 and F.07- 44) and one Egyptian cultivar (Giza195) are dually infected by CpYMV and either of MS3All and MS8All. Then, infected plants are grown in pots in open-air at the cultivation area of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ain-Shams University (Shoubra). The results indicated that the viral infection led to a reduction in the dry weight of root (DWR) and shoot (DWS), the ratio of root-to-shoot (RSR) dry weight, the nodule counts (NN), the photosynthetic pigments and the nitrogen content (N2). Interestingly, the dry weight of nodules (DWN) is significantly increased in dually infected plants. Uniinoculated Chickpea using either of the two isolates of Mesorhizobia showed significant increase in all phenotypic parameters when virus infection is included; except for DWN that decreased compared to control viral-infected plants but no mesorhizobia. The current study suggests that bacterial inoculation using Mesorhizobia is significantly reduced damaging effects of the virus on chickpea. Moreover, the MS3All isolate is suggested the more effective than MS8All and the experimental chickpea lines F.07-258 and F.07-44 had the highest significant levels of N2 for shoot than F.07-268 and Giza195 lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present Avian Influenza epidemic in Egypt is consider one of the major problems facing the poultry field and caused by circulation of genetically and antigenetically diverse influenza H5N1 viruses. This problem is controlled by applying vaccination. The objective was to determine the AI H5 recombinant vaccines efficacy (rHVT-H5, rFP-AIH5 (Scotland and Ireland), k rND-AI and k rBuc- AI+ND) against classical and variant field HPAI H5N1 viruses in comparison to the traditionally inactivated whole AI virus vaccines as K R H5N1 / Egy, k H5N2 and k combined AI+ND vaccines. A single dose of the different types of vaccines either recombinant or inactivated whole virus vaccines was administered at different ages of chicken. Eight chicken groups were vaccinated with 8 vaccines and challenged after 4 weeks post vaccination to measure the protection %. Fecal and tracheal swabs were taken after 2 day post challenge to detect viral shedding. It was found that, live rFPAI- H5 of both Scotland and Ireland strains induced poor clinical protection with high level of virus shedding. While, inactivated rND-AI, live rHVT-H5 and inactivated rBuc-AI+ND vaccines induced high protection rates ranged from 86.7% to 93.3% against both classical and variant HPAI viruses with a decrease or suppression of viruses shedding. In a parallel way, the inactivated whole virus AI vaccines either K R H5N1 / Egy, k H5N2 or k AI+ND induced a protection rates ranged from 85.7% to 100% with a high decrease in virus shedding levels. The data clearly indicate that inactivated whole AI virus and inactivated recombinant vaccines confers high levels of clinical protection with suppression in viral shedding compared to that of live recombinant vaccines except rHVTH5 vaccine which induce a great level of protection and decrease in viral shedding in SPF chicken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study to estimate toxigenic diversity of three S. aureus strains (11SaUTI, 5SaRM and 21SaRW) isolated from clinical patient, food and water at Mesallata City, Libya. As well as to know antibiotic resistance, phage typing, biofilm formation and genoypes (icaA gene and 16s rDNA gene). Three S. aureus isolates were selected from isolates obtained from the different sources and identified by conventional biochemical tests and confirmed by VETIk kit. These isolates exhibited variation of toxigenic, antibiotics resistance, biofilm formation and phage plaque forming (phage typing). The amplified 16s rDNA gene to confirm the diversity of S. aureus isolates . In addition to molecular diagnosis to have a complete and clear image for bacterial etiology based on genetic variability. DNA genome of S. aureus isolates was used as template for PCR to amplify 16s rDNA gene. Partially, length of 16s rDNA gene could be synthesized using the internal primer sets combination in PCR to confirm its interspecific to S. aureus with an expected size 1219 bp. The replacement situation of nucleotide sequences were with percent of camera 1.067, 2.217 and 1.313 respectively. Three S. aureus isolates were recorded in gene bank under accession no. LC121093.1 (11SaUTI); LC121094.1 (5SaRM) and LC121095.1 (21SaRW). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms affect human health directly or indirectly and become increasingly important in most countries. Novel antimicrobial agents and disinfectants have become necessary due to the rise of antibiotic resistance phenomena. The current study investigate the inhibitory infect of ANOSAN on pathogenic bacteria and toxigenic fungi. Chemical analysis was performed for ANOSAN. The antimicrobial activity of ANOSAN was carried out using agar well diffusion assay and mean growth inhibition percentage and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The antibiofilm activity was conducted using Biofilm formation assay and the impact of the disinfectant on the preformed biofilm was visualized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The chemical composition of ANOSAN comprised very low amount of Sodium (0.034%), Chloride (0.01%), Hypochlorite (0.014%) and Organic matter (0.0062%). ANOSAN low concentration showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities against Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and fungi. The MIC (0.781 mg/ml) was observed for Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of ANOSAN have successfully inhibited biofilm formation of the above mentioned bacterial pathogens. The ANOSAN appeared to be effective as bactericidal against Ps. aeruginosa and Staph. aureus. The time kill assay was observed between (0-6h) and between (0-3h) of exposure for both pathogens, respectively, and the viable bacterial counts remained undetectable after the previous time in a confirmatory experiment. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was conducted to confirm the antimicrobial activity of ANOSAN against Staph. aureus and Ps. aeruginosa. These data directly illustrate the destructive effects of the ANOSAN on the pathogenic bacteria. This work clarified that ANOSAN water had bactericidal and fungicidal activity along with inhibiting the ability of pathogenic bacteria to form biofilms, thus providing a good alternative to the use of traditional antimicrobials in food industry, pharmaceutical and medical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant viruses cause serious disease of crop plants reducing both quality and quantity of final produce. Serological tests are used all over the world in laboratory and field based detection of plant viruses and they are of great indispensable importance in agricultural production; virus certification programs; agricultural quarantine and production of virus-free crops grown for processing or fresh market. Cross reaction between viruses and their strains antisera limits serological differentiation of viruses and their strains by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This study aims to characterize the antigenic property of Tomato mosaic virus ToMV coat protein by using some bioinformatic tools to analyze its gene. Therefore, new methods in antibody production could be used as equivalent to Mabs in its high specificity. ToMV isolate was confirmed by Transmission electron microscope and differential hosts and propagated on N. tabacum cv. Samson. Systemic infection was developed on N. tabacum cv. Samson and local infection on Datora metel; D. stramonium; N. glutinosa; Chenopodium amaranticolor; C. quinoa. ToMV was purified and used as immunizing agent for antiserum production. TEM showed rod shaped particles with 300 x 18 nm dimensions. The titer of produced antiserum was 1:1024 evaluated by microprecipitin test and indirect-ELISA. Coat protein gene was amplified by RT-PCR with expected size of (Approx. 500 bp). The PCR product was sequenced then the generated nucleotide sequence was translated into 160 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of Five B-cell epitopes, of 14 amino acid residues each, were predicted. Identifying Bcell epitopes play an important role in vaccine design, immunodiagnostic tests, and antibody production. Therefore, computational tools for reliably predicting B-cell epitopes are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]