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Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of budesonide as an intrapolyp injection in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in comparison to control and systemic steroids. Method: In a prospective double‐blinded controlled randomized clinical trial, 150 patients with CRSwNP were divided into 3 groups in a ratio 1:1:1 where group (A) was given oral prednisolone 1 mg/kg tapered daily for 2 weeks, group (B) was given budesonide intrapolyp injection weekly for 5 consecutive weeks, and group (C) was given intrapolyp injection with saline as the control group. Patients were assessed upon Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) score, Total Nasal Polyp score (TNPS), Serum IgE, absolute eosinophilic count, and morning cortisol level before treatment, 1 week and 6 months after completing their treatment protocol. Results: SNOT 22 score improved significantly in all groups compared to those at baseline. Reduction in the oral and injection groups was much greater than the control group (P2 < 0.001), (P3 < 0.001), and the same trend concerning TNPS score (P2 < 0.001), (P3 < 0.001) but with no significant change in the control group. Conclusion: Intrapolyp steroid injection is considered a safe and effective method in nasal polyposis with limited side effects in comparison to systemic steroids. Using Budesonide as an agent for intrapolyp injection appears to be promising. It's advisable in patients with multiple relapses or high‐risk patients to avoid repeated courses of oral steroids. Level of Evidence: 2 Laryngoscope, 134:2085–2092, 2024 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem: To assess the efficacy of budesonide intrapolyp injection in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Method: Ninety patients were divided into three groups; group A was given oral prednisolone, group B was given budesonide intrapolyp injection weekly for five consecutive weeks and group C was given budesonide as nasal irrigation for one month. Patients were assessed using Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 score, total nasal polyp score, serum immunoglobulin E, absolute eosinophilic count, and morning cortisol level before treatment, one week and three months after completing their treatment. Results: Total nasal polyp score decreased significantly in all groups compared to those at baseline. Reduction in the oral and injection groups was greater than the wash group (p 2 = 0.004), (p 3 < 0.001), and the same trend concerning Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 score (p 2 < 0.001), (p 3 < 0.001). Conclusion: Budesonide is an effective agent used in intrapolyp injection with no documented systemic or visual side effects that has comparable results with oral steroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to identify the role of bacterial biofilms in the chronicity of otitis media with effusion and its resistance to antibiotics. We illustrated this role by reviewing, analyzing, and correlating the findings with the results of the included studies to reach clear evidence. Methods: A comprehensive search of electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and GHL databases) was performed for all studies using the following strategy till April 2021 with the search terms: Biofilm and Middle ear effusion. We found 935 references, 421 were duplicates, and 514 were needed for further screening, and it was as follows: PubMed 215, Scopus 18, Cochrane 130, Web of Science 136, and GHL 15. Results: The pooled prevalence of culture-positive effusions was estimated to be 40% (95% CI [28%, 53%]) of the total OME population. Overall, the prevalence of PCR-positive effusions was estimated to be 97% (95% CI [95%, 99%]) of the total OME population. The pooled prevalence of EM-positive effusions was estimated to be 82% (95% CI [69%, 95%]) of the total OME population. Conclusion: The data presented in this study coincide with the significant role of bacterial biofilms in the pathogenesis of chronic otitis media with effusion. The involvement of bacterial biofilm as a component of the OME pathogenic process can help us to explain why antimicrobial therapy is not always effective in the eradication of the disease process and, also explain the recurrence of middle ear effusion after treatment with tympanostomy tubes either with or without adenoidectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to present experience with surgical treatment of laryngeal cleft cases through both open and endoscopic approaches. Method: A retrospective evaluation of all patients diagnosed as having a laryngeal cleft in a tertiary hospital over 10 years was performed. Pre-operative data, conservative and surgical management of cases, and outcomes were collected, tabulated and analysed. Results: This study included 43 patients aged from 2 to 44 months with a median of 9.19 months. Concerning management technique, 12 patients had conservative treatment and the remaining 31 underwent a surgical procedure (of them, 20 patients underwent endoscopic intervention and 11 had the open surgical technique). In the open group, we used either tibial periosteum (six cases) or harvested costal cartilage (five cases). Conclusion: Surgical management in the form of endoscopic Coblation-assisted or an open approach is indicated in severe cases or mild cases not responding to conservative management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, ten monoterpenes and phenylpropenes were tested for their contact and fumigant toxicities against oleander aphid, Aphis nerii (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Also, the inhibitory effect of compounds on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) activities was assessed in vitro to explore their possible modes of action. (-)-Menthol and (+)-camphor were the most potent contact toxicants among the tested compounds against A. nerii third nymphal instar with LC50 values of 0.06 and 0.08 mg/L, respectively. In contrary, 1,8-cineole, p-cymene and α-pinene showed a weak or no contact toxicity where their LC50 values were >10 mg/L. In fumigation assay, cuminaldehyde (LC50 = 3.10 µl/L), (+)-camphor (LC50 = 3.57 µl/L) and (-)-menthol (LC50 = 3.59 µl/L) showed the highest toxicity against A. nerii, while eugenol (LC50 >50 µl/L) was the less effective compound. (−)-Citronellal (IC50 = 2.22 mM) and trans-cinnamaldehyde (IC50 = 1.12 mM) caused the highest inhibitory effect on AChE and ATPases activity, respectively. In general, all compounds showed strong inhibitory effect on the activity of ATPases than AChE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]