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[FR] La montée du niveau marin et la multiplication des épisodes extrêmes (fortes tempêtes, cyclones) induits par le changement climatique global, conjugués à une pression anthropique accrue sur les rivages, sont autant de phénomènes qui affectent de façon grandissante les zones côtières. Sur le littoral caribéen, des centaines de sites archéologiques sont aujourd’hui menacés par une destruction plus ou moins rapide. Dans ce contexte, le projet « Archéologie Littorale Outre-Atlantique » (ALOA), pour l’heure initié en Guadeloupe, contribue à renforcer l’action des services de l’État dans les domaines de la connaissance et de la préservation du patrimoine archéologique côtier des Petites Antilles. Le projet ALOA vise ainsi à développer diverses actions de sciences participatives par l’activation d’un réseau d’observateurs utilisant un outil interactif en ligne spécifiquement créé à cet effet. Il permet de signaler les sites archéologiques littoraux nouvellement exposés. Le dispositif ALOA propose alors des préconisations à l’attention des services de l’État et des gestionnaires du territoire, concernant l’intérêt scientifique des sites menacés, leur degré de vulnérabilité, et les mesures de prévention ou d’intervention prioritaires pouvant être envisagées., [EN] The sea level rise and the multiplication of extreme meteorological events (strong storms, cyclones) induced by global climate change, combined with growing anthropic pressure on the shores, are all phenomena that are increasingly affecting coastal areas. Along the Caribbean coast, hundreds of archaeological sites are currently threatened by a more or less rapid destruction. In this context, the ALOA project (Archaeology of the Oversea Atlantic Coast), currently initiated in Guadeloupe, contributes to the action of the State services in the fields of knowledge and preservation of the coastal archaeological heritage of the Lesser Antilles. This contribution mainly consists in developing various participatory science actions through the activation of a watcher’s network using an internet interactive tool specifically created for this purpose that allows to report newly exposed coastal archaeological sites. The ALOA project then provides suggestions at the State Services and territory managers concerning the scientific interest of the threatened sites, their degree of vulnerability, and the priority actions for prevention or intervention that can be considered.

Cet article propose un panorama historiographique de la structuration de l’archéologie dans l’ouest de la France. Il vise à retracer l’histoire, toujours complexe et particulière, de la formation d’un laboratoire de recherche, et d’en analyser les étapes fondatrices jusqu’aux années 1980. Au-delà de l’évolution de la discipline dans le contexte national, ce sont des personnages et des événements qui influent toujours sur le cours de cette formation. Pour les phases les plus anciennes (fin xixe et première moitié du xxe s.), le fonds d’archives du Laboratoire Archéosciences-CReAAH de l’université de Rennes 1 se révèle une source d’une valeur primordiale, dont l’exploitation est en cours depuis plusieurs années. Pour les périodes suivantes, marquées par la professionnalisation de la discipline, la conjugaison des témoignages et des souvenirs de certains acteurs avec la documentation disponible illustrera les différentes étapes de cette évolution. Cette contribution se veut également un témoignage offrant aux jeunes générations une mise en perspective sur la longue durée de la discipline archéologique et de ses institutions. This paper provides a historiographical overview of the structuring of archaeology in Western France. It aims to retrace the complex and distinctive history a research laboratory from its beginnings until the 1980’s which was influenced by scholars and events within the framework of its development on a national level. The archives of the Archéosciences-CReAAH laboratory at University of Rennes 1 have been the subject of research and conservation for several years and has proved to be a source of paramount importance for the study of the earliest moments (end of the 19th and first half of the 20th century) of the discipline in the region. The following periods are marked by its professionalisation, with the testimonies of the people involved and the written and iconographical sources documenting its evolution. This paper also offers the wider perspective of a long-term approach to archaeology and its institutions for future generations.

The main drivers of Europe's climate during the Holocene result from the coupling and interplay of external and internal radiative processes with the shifting patterns of many dynamic components (e.g. glaciers, ocean currents, wind fields, vegetation cover). Those driving forces were expressed across a range of geographical scales, from local to global, in a diverse set of records forming a patchwork of evidence as to the fundamental pacing effect of climate on past ecosystems. Various sedimentary deposits resulting from those complex forcing contexts bear climatic signatures that it is not always easy to disentangle especially with respect to local factors. The present paper focuses on a coastal archaeological site on the Medoc peninsula (the Lède du Gurp site in south-western France) that records Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes, decoded here century after century and integrated with ongoing events on a pan-North-Atlantic scale. Based on updated geoarchaeological approaches, thanks to new applications of proxies, especially X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning methods for this article, continuous sedimentary records have been analysed in order to reconstruct a regional framework for past ecosystem events, including events potentially related to human activity. Our work identifies signals on various scales in the record under study, with both long- and short-term trends and local and global imprints, but all closely bound up with proximal North Atlantic Ocean dynamics. It highlights how western European environments (and so populations) were dependent upon the linearity of climate evolution at the key Northgrippian/Meghalayan transition., Financial support for this research was obtained thanks to the LITAQ project (“Du Pléistocène à l’Anthropocène: connaître les mécanismes passés d’évolution des populations -végétales, animales, humaines-et des milieux pour prédire les réponses futures. L'exemple du LITtoral Aquitain”, supported by the French National Research Agency/ANR in the Programme Investissement d’Avenir framework - ANR-10-IDEX-03-02 within the Inter-clusters of Excellence COTE – ANR-10-LABX-45 and LaScArBx – ANR-10-LABX-52), and by the ANR HAMOC Project (“Holocene North-Atlantic Gyres and Mediterranean Overturning Dynamic through Climate Changes” - Grant ANR-13-BS06-0003). Fundings were also obtained for the analyses thanks to the INSU- EC2CO DRILL project FAST-LITAQ (“Formations Argilo-Sableuses & Tourbes LITtorales AQuitaines: de leur intérêt dans l’évolution des falaises dunaires du Médoc”) and to the INSU-TELLUS-ARTEMIS 2017 project “Dynamique des peuplements humains et Climats: du Paléolithique à nos jours, mieux contraindre les périodes de ruptures culturelles”.

National audience; On the seashore, archaeologi’cal remains appear well preserved and sometimes immediatly visible during erosion periods. But the constraints are accumulating at all levels : limited intervention time, water, movement of tides, rapid change due to erosion, access conditions to excavations, difficulty encountered in implementation of heavy infrastructures. For these reasons, the interventions on this area have been limited for a long time to simple observations acompanied by samples. The rise of seashore issues and the increasing coastal erosion lead to real survey or excavation projects. Carried out nor in terrestrial conditions, nor in underwater conditions, these operations required an original methodology, new tools or sampling methods. Some examples choosen in various contexts illustrate the reactivity and the adaptations needed in the study of sites generally well preserved, supplying frequently organic remains, even fish or crustacean remains.; Sur estran, les vestiges apparaissent très bien conservés et parfois même immédiatement apparents lors de périodes d’érosion. Mais les contraintes s’accumulent à tous les niveaux : temps d’intervention limité, présence de l’eau, alternance des marées, rapidité de l’érosion dans certains secteurs, conditions d’accès ou de fouille, difficulté de mise en place d’infrastructures lourdes. Pour ces raisons, les interventions sur cet espace sont longtemps restées limitées à de simples observations accompagnées de prélèvements. La montée en puissance des problématiques littorales et l’accélération des processus d’érosion a alors motivé la mise au point de véritables projets de prospection et de fouille. Réalisés ni dans des conditions terrestres classiques ni dans des conditions subaquatiques, ces opérations ont souvent nécessité une méthodologie originale et l’appel à de nouveaux outils ou des modalités de prélèvements particulières. Quelques exemples choisis dans des contextes variés illustrent la réactivité et les adaptations nécessaires à des sites généralement bien conservés, souvent dotés de vestiges organiques, voire de restes de poissons ou de crustacés.

Dans le nord du Médoc (Gironde), entre les communes de Soulac-sur-Mer et Montalivet-les-Bains, le littoral sableux est soumis à une très forte érosion. Face à un riche patrimoine archéologique, historique et paléoenvironnemental, une équipe interdisciplinaire a été constituée, regroupant archéologues, géomorphologues et biologistes. Les opérations de terrain réalisées dans des contraintes extrêmement fortes ont nécessité la mise en place d'un protocole de travail spécifique. In the North Médoc (Gironde department), between the communes of Soulac-sur-Mer and Montalivet-les-Bains, the sandy shoreline has been exposed to a very strong erosion. Dealing with a rich archaeological, historical and environmental heritage, an interdisciplinary team has been constituted, consisting of archaeologists, geomorphologists and biologists. The field operations realised in very hard conditions needed the introduction of a specific protocol.

Research on the Neolithic monuments and dwellings of Atlantic Europe has shown that plays of light and colour were tools for the social and symbolic construction of the world. The integration of the architectures into the surrounding landscape and the incorporation of the surrounding landscape into the architectures were an essential part of this logic. In this context, recent research in the megalithic passage grave of Dombate has evidenced an unusual physical manifestation of sunlight, which interacts with the decorated back stone. The light-and-shadow phenomenon occurs at sunrise during the period of winter solstice. In this paper we discuss the particulars of this phenomenon and we argue that sunlight when it penetrates the passage and chamber at sunrise on these dates may have dictated how the art was located and applied to the structural stone. Such differentiation seems to have had important cultural and ritual significance and encoded/embedded meaning for the tomb builders and may have implications for the consideration of the symbolic dimension of similar architectures in Atlantic Europe., We would like to thank the Diputación de A Coruña for allowing us to enter the chamber of Dombate at several times during this investigation. We would also like to thank F. Criado for insightful discussions and comments on this manuscript, Georg Zotti for helping us during the implementation of the 3D model into the Stellarium software and A. Rodríguez Paz (Incipit, CSIC) for his contribution to Figure 2. ACGG is a Ramón y Cajal Fellow of the Spanish MINECO. ELR holds a Junior Chair in Neolithic societies (project: The memory of place: meaning, evolution and resignification of space in the Neolithic of Western Europe) at the LabEx Sciences Archéologiques de Bordeaux (LaScArBx) in France

À partir d’une série de documents inédits, ce travail revient sur la fouille de 1953 du tumulus de l’âge du Bronze ancien de Kervingar (Plouarzel, Finistère) par Pierre-Roland Giot (1919-2002). La révision de ces documents et la discussion du contexte de l’époque nous permettent de replacer cette fouille comme l’une des pièces clés du renouveau scientifique qui s’opérera au sein de l’archéologie française dès la fin des années 1940. Elle constitue par ailleurs et avant tout l’un des travaux fondamentaux pour comprendre la pensée scientifique qui mènera à la création du « Laboratoire d’Anthropologie, Préhistoire, Protohistoire et Quaternaire armoricains » et qui marquera par la suite une grande partie de la recherche archéologique de l’Ouest de la France durant toute la seconde moitié du xxe siècle. L’existence d’un film inédit sur les travaux nous offre également l’occasion de proposer une méthodologie novatrice d’analyse d’image, avec restitution tridimensionnelle numérique d’une partie de la fouille. Cette perspective ouvre une nouvelle voie dans l’exploitation scientifique des archives anciennes. Drawing from a set of unpublished material, this paper revisits the 1953 excavation of the Early Bronze Age mound of Kervingar in Plouarzel (Finistère) by Pierre-Roland Giot (1919-2002). Reviewing these documents in a historical scientific context allows us to present the excavation of this site as a key example of the scientific revival occurring within French archaeology in the late 1940s. Above all, Kervingar represents a fundamental early example of the scientific rigor characteristic of the Laboratoire d’Anthropologie, Préhistoire, Protohistoire et Quaternaire armoricains, a laboratory that would come to lead most of the regional research in Western France throughout the second half of the twentieth century. Furthermore, previously unreleased footage of the fieldwork in Kervingar presents an opportunity to conduct an innovative image analysis to obtain a 3D digital reconstruction of several aspects of the 1953 excavations. This method underscores the utility of scientific analyses of archival image collections. Ausgehend von einem Konvolut bisher unpublizierten Materials hat dieser Beitrag zum Ziel, die im Jahre 1953 von Pierre-Roland Giot (1919-2002) durchgeführte Ausgrabung des bronzezeitlichen Grabhügels von Kervingar (Plouarzel, Finistère, Frankreich) neu aufzugreifen. Die kritische Durchsicht und Analyse dieser Dokumente und die Diskussion des Forschungskontextes jener Epoche gestatten uns, diese Ausgrabung als eine entscheidende Etappe jener wissenschaftlichen Erneuerung zu charakterisieren, die die französische Archäologie am Ende der 1940er Jahre erfasste. Insbesondere handelt es sich dabei um eine derjenigen Grundlagenforschungen, die es gestatten, das wissenschaftliche Denken jener Zeit zu verstehen, das schließlich zur Gründung des „Laboratoire d’Anthropologie, Préhistoire, Protohistoire et Quaternaire armoricains“ führte und das in der Folge einen großen Teil der archäologischen Forschung im Westen Frankreichs während der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts prägte. Die Existenz eines bisher unveröffentlichten Films zu den Ausgrabungsarbeiten ermöglichte außerdem, eine neuartige Methode der Bildanalyse anzuwenden, bei der ein dreidimensionales digitales Model eines Teils der Ausgrabung erstellt werden konnte. Dieses Vorgehen ist ein gutes Beispiel dafür, neue Wege bei der wissenschaftlichen Auswertung von Altgrabungen und dem vorliegenden Archivmaterial zu beschreiten. A partir de una serie de documentos inéditos, este trabajo trata de la excavación de 1953 del túmulo de la Edad de Bronce temprana de Kervingar (Plouarzel, Finistère) por Pierre-Roland Giot (1919-2002). La revisión de estos documentos y la discusión sobre el contexto de la época nos permiten proponer esta excavación como una de las piezas clave de la renovación científica que tendrá lugar en la arqueología francesa a partir de la década de 1940. Esta excavación constituye, ante todo, un trabajo fundamental para entender el pensamiento científico que dará lugar a la creación del “Laboratorio de Antropología, Prehistoria, Protohistoria y Cuaternario armoricanos” y, finalmente, que marcará gran parte de la investigación arqueológica en el oeste de Francia a lo largo de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. La existencia de una película inédita sobre este trabajo también nos ofrece la oportunidad de proponer una metodología innovadora para el análisis de imágenes con la reproducción tridimensional digital de una parte de la excavación. Esta perspectiva abre nuevas oportunidades para la explotación científica de los archivos antiguos.

Ignacio de la Torre [et al.].- Article first published online: 23 JUN 2015, Manuscript Accepted: 6 MAY 2015, Manuscript Revised: 26 APR 2015, Manuscript Received: 23 DEC 2014

The period between the middle of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century saw the birth and consolidation of prehistory and archaeology as scientific disciplines. Discussions of method and theory were posed; the antiquity of humankind was demonstrated; stratigraphic and chrono-typological sequences were settled. This process was initially linked to the natural and geological sciences. In France the names of J. Boucher de Perthes, E. Lartet, A. de Lapparent, E. Piette, E. Cartailhac, G. de Mortillet, L. Capitan and H. Breuil appeared; their role in the development of research frameworks at the national, European and international scales is well known, and they have been the subject of detailed studies in the historiography of geology and/or archaeology. However, the name of one of the most influential characters of the period seems to have been forgotten. This paper attempts to reassess the scientific standing and explore the personal life of Geoffroy d’Ault du Mesnil (1842–1921) through first-hand analysis of a variety of sources. The paper analyses the origins of his interdisciplinary approach to science, how he came to be a leading expert on the Quaternary terraces of the valley of the Somme and his key role in research on, and the preservation of, France's prehistoric heritage. This ultimately permits a renewed understanding of d’Ault du Mesnil's contribution to the scientific development of geology and prehistory, in addition to demonstrating how the wider social, economic and political context of the time shaped his own scientific personality.

La vie et l’œuvre scientifique de Theodore Monod, savant et naturaliste francais, ont marque le xxe siecle. Mais ici, c’est un episode beaucoup moins connu de sa vie que les auteurs ont retrace a partir d’archives inedites et privees pour la plupart : en effet, pendant ses annees de jeunesse, Th. Monod a non seulement cotoye les pionniers de l’archeologie bretonne mais il a aussi participe a plusieurs campagnes de prospections, releves et fouilles archeologiques dans le Finistere. Cette note apporte ainsi une contribution originale a l’historiographie de la prehistoire bretonne.

Actes du colloque international "Fonctions, utilisations et représentations de l'espace dans les sépultures monumentales du Néolithique européen", Aix-en-Provence, 8-10 juin 2011; International audience; Research on the territorial organisation of West-Central France Neolithic societies remains underexploited. Inventoried from 1840, impressive monuments such as those in Tusson or Luxé (Charente region) had not even been the object of detailed topographic survey. They appear today as forested mounds in a largely open landscape; a likely opposite situation to what we might expect occurred in prehistoric times if we rely on the (scarce) available palynological data. Recent excavations like those from Péré in Prissé-la-Charrière (Deux-Sèvres) offerer new data for the restitution of long and round monuments’ elevation. Through the integration of digital elevation models (topography and vegetation) and the discussion on architectural restitution of monuments this paper intends to contribute to the interpretation of Neolithic space in the French Atlantic façade. Among the results obtained it is worth to highlight the key role of the long tumulus in the regional landscape, the relevance of the necropolis ensembles, and the exclusion of the Chenon group of monuments from the visibility coherence of the Tusson – Luxé – La Boixe ensembles; La question des modes d’organisation territoriale des sociétés humaines reste peu explorée pour le Néolithique dans le Centre-Ouest de la France. Répertoriés dès 1840, des monuments aussi imposants que ceux de Tusson ou Luxé (Charente) n’avaient fait l’objet d’aucun relevé topographique détaillé. Ils apparaissent aujourd’hui comme des buttes boisées dans un paysage ouvert, situation à peu près inverse de celle que l’on imagine pour ces périodes préhistoriques, au vu des rares données palynologiques disponibles. Les acquis de fouilles récentes comme celles de Péré à Prissé-la-Charrière (Deux-Sèvres) permettent désormais de proposer quelques modèles de restitution en élévation pour les monuments allongés ou circulaires. À travers l’intégration de modèles numériques (terrain et végétation) et de la discussion sur la restitution architecturale des monuments, ce travail tente de contribuer à une interprétation sur la façon de concevoir l’espace au Néolithique dans le cadre de la façade Atlantique de la France. Parmi les résultats obtenus, il faut souligner le rôle des grands tumulus allongés dans le paysage de la région, l’importance du concept de nécropole, ainsi que l’exclusion de l’ensemble de Chenon de la logique de visibilité propre aux ensembles de Tusson – Luxé – La Boixe

Present climatic change and anthropogenic pressure increasingly affect the coastal zone. The Channel and Atlantic seaboards of France are no exception, with hundreds of archaeological sites currently threatened by the accelerated relative rise in sea level, erosion, and various anthropogenic modifications to the environment. In this article we propose a multidisciplinary approach to assess the vulnerability of archaeological heritage in the West of France. We also aim to establish an original methodology (and specific tools) for the observation of risks and the definition of impacts they may have on heritage sites. This research opens up a theoretical perspective for building a vulnerability model for archaeological heritage that takes into account the evolution of the environment and the specificity of each site over the course of the next 20 to 30 years. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC., Field research for this project was funded by the Fondation Langlois and supported by the UMR 6566 “CReAAH” (CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, Universités de Rennes 1, Rennes 2 et Nantes).

Present climatic change and anthropogenic pressure increasingly affect the coastal zone. Hundreds of archaeological sites are currently threatened along the European Atlantic coasts by the accelerated relative rise in sea level, erosion, and various anthropogenic modifications to the environment. Since 2006, the ALERT (Archeologie, Littoral et Rechauffement Terrestre) project has brought together researchers involved in coastal archaeology. This group quickly moved toward developing an interdisciplinary approach aiming at the construction of a vulnerability model for coastal heritage, developing assessment and monitoring maps, and assessing the strategies for research and action adapted to the local and regional scales. As a result of this, a dedicated tool for the vulnerability assessment of coastal archaeological heritage was developed: the Vulnerability Evaluation Form (VEF). Further improvements on the field data collection and on the post-processing procedures have led us to develop the ALERT Mobile App. It allows the user to type and upload all the relevant information contained in the VEF, as well as additional contents, to a secure server. The application, which is ergonomic for mobile use, has been developed thanks to the jQueryMobile framework, compatible with many smartphones and language based on HTML5, CSS and JavaScript. The production of dynamic secure web pages, via a dedicated web server, has been programmed in PHP. The display of the interactive maps based on Open Street Map was made using the plugin osmLeaflet.jQuery. There is also a classic web version for administering users and adding administrative information requiring desk based research. ALERT Mobile has drastically reduced the time of data collection in the field, has improved its quality (e.g. providing a greater degree of homogeneity) and

[EN] Estimated at more than 70,000 images, the documentary archive of the former Laboratoire d’Anthropologie in Rennes, created by Pierre-Roland Giot during the 1950s, includes drawings on various media, photographic negatives on plate glass, films, slides and paper photos, the oldest of which date from the second half of the nineteenth century. These documents are an exceptional source of information for understanding the emergence of prehistory and archaeology in Brittany and, by extension, France. Most of the early documentary material was generated by the Groupe Finistérien d’Études Préhistoriques (GFEP) established at the Musée de Préhistoire de Penmarc’h. P-R. Giot (1919–2002), last surviving member of this group, preserved the GFEP archives and integrated them into the Laboratoire d’Anthropologie. His own research activity during the whole second half of the twentieth century, as well as the contributions of researchers such as J. Briard and J. L’Helgouac’h, led to continual additions of material to the dataset. The ICARE (Iconographie et Collections d’Anthropologie de Rennes) Project aims at analysing, preserving and disseminating this priceless source of information.

[ES] El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar el modo en que la monumentalidad prehistórica ha sido abordada en el noroeste de la Península Ibérica. Para ello, se han utilizado criterios bibliométricos de análisis. Se estudia de forma conjunta la evidencia publicada para Galicia y Norte de Portugal (territorios al norte del Duero); el área occidental de Asturias ha sido igualmente tenida en cuenta cuando la discusión de los trabajos se enmarcaba explícitamente en los procesos del noroeste, algo que sin embargo es muy poco frecuente. El rango cronológico de la muestra comprende desde finales del siglo XIX (1888) hasta 2010. Se analizan cuestiones como los temas preferentes de investigación, las regiones más intensamente estudiadas o el grado de colaboración e internacionalización de la investigación. Se plantea una síntesis interpretativa sobre los resultados y se ofrece una lectura sobre las tendencias más actuales en la materia y sus posibles líneas de desarrollo., [EN ]This paper aims at analysing the way the prehistoric monuments in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula have been studied. A bibliometric approach has been set up for this purpose. The paper jointly considers the evidence for Galicia and north of Portugal (regions north to the Douro); the western area of Asturias has also been taken into account when the research context of the papers explicitly dealt with the Iberian northwest. The sample date range spans from the late 19th century (1888) to 2010. The thematic scope of the papers, the most studied regions or the degree of collaboration and internationalisation of research are some of the variables under study. Finally, an interpretative synthesis on the results, on the current trends and on the research perspectives for the region is provided., Este trabajo es parte de la investigación realizada en el seno del Instituto de Ciencias del Patrimonio (Incipit) en el marco de un contrato del programa JAE-Doc del CSIC (2009-2012) cofinanciado por el Fondo Social Europeo. C. Le Gall (CReAAH-Université de Rennes1) y el Prof. C. Fabião (Universidade de Lisboa) proporcionaron acceso a distintas publicaciones.

Coastal archaeological heritage is threatened by a variety of environmental changes and anthropogenic activities. To address how coastal sites may be affected by these processes in western France, we have developed specific and testable methods which have been implemented to assess their relative vulnerability within the framework of the ALERT project (Daire et al. 2012 in the current issue). This has been tested in the Vilaine estuary area (Southern Brittany) where 22 coastal archaeological sites were investigated using one of the tools referred to as the VEF = Vulnerability Evaluation Form. The results of the test indicate which archaeological sites are in the greatest danger of being destroyed, leading to a preliminary effort to map vulnerability in the Vilaine estuary area. The results demonstrate that this approach provides a technique for assessing heritage vulnerability and can be used in a broader context as a benchmark for the management of archaeological sites. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC., This research was run in the framework of the CAREN-OSUR (Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de Rennes) research activities. The fieldwork was supported by the Pénestin town hall, the UMR 6118 “Géosciences Rennes” and the UMR 6566 “CReAAH” (CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, Universités de Rennes 1, Rennes 2 et Nantes).

This paper looks through the definition of the term Archaeometry and its different meanings since the first use of the term in the1950s to the present. It is also concerned with the historical background of Archaeometry, its evolution throughout recent decades and the fields currently covered by this new area of knowledge, which must be understood within the limits of archaeology. In addition, a bibliometric analysis has served to show in depth the trends of archaeometric studies and to assess their role in current archaeological research. Finally, some ideas on the particular knowledge generated by Archaeometry as well as its future and immediate perspectives are also discussed. Este trabajo realiza un recorrido por la definición del término Arqueometría y las distintas acepciones que ha ido teniendo desde su aparición en la década de los 50 del siglo pasado hasta el presente. También se profundiza en los antecedentes históricos, en la evolución acaecida en las últimas décadas y en los campos de actuación cubiertos en la actualidad por esta nueva área de conocimiento, cuyo desarrollo no puede entenderse al margen de la propia arqueología. Un análisis bibliométrico ha servido además para conocer en profundidad las tendencias en este tipo de estudios arqueométricos y valorar el papel que juegan en la investigación arqueológica actual. Por último, se discuten algunas ideas sobre las particulares características del conocimiento generado por la Arqueometría, así como su futuro y perspectivas más inmediatas. &nbsp

3D reconstructions for research and conservation of archaeological sites and objects are becoming increasingly common as laser and photogrammetric techniques are now more readily accessible to non-specialists. Most of these imaging techniques have been applied to sites and/or objects that can be physically visited, handled, measured and studied in various ways. However, little or no attention has been paid to the potential of modern 3D modelling techniques for obtaining new quantitative and qualitative information from sites and objects which have been destroyed or are no longer accessible. This paper explores the potential of Structure from Motion (SfM) to provide fresh insight into the scientific exploitation of ancient image archives. Two case studies from Western France will be used to illustrate this: a series of photographs of one decorated orthostate from the Neolithic gallery grave of Kermorvan (Le Conquet, Finistère), dating from 1911-12, and a 12-minute video of the excavation of a Bronze Age mound in Kervingar (Ploudalmézeau, Finistère), dating from 1953.

National audience; In this article we present the activities undertaken and challenges faced by the ALeRT project (Archéologie, Littoral et Réchauffement Terrestre, i.e. Archaeology, Coast and Global Warming), led by the Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH) at the Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers in Rennes (OSUR). Climate change has an impact on coastal zones in different respects; coastal erosion, combined with human-induced stress factors affect not only natural systems but also the whole of the cultural, historic, and archaeological heritage of the regions bordering the Channel and the Atlantic. This loss of heritage resources and scientific evidence needed to be addressed as a matter of urgency.The approach of the ALeRT project consists of :- a research element (reflection on vulnerability and risk assessment in coastal environments, applied to the cultural heritage) - observation (including the development of standardised procedures and the setting up of an interactive database and dedicated applications)- and finally the establishment of a network of participantsThe project aims to promote preventive archaeology in a coastal landscape, targeting the interface between the marine and terrestrial milieus.; Cet article propose de présenter les enjeux et les actions du projet ALeRT (Archéologie, Littoral et Réchauffement Terrestre), porté par le Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH) et l’Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de Rennes (OSUR). Les changements climatiques touchent les zones côtières avec des effets diversifiés ; ainsi l’érosion littorale, combinée à certaines pressions anthropiques, affecte non seulement les systèmes naturels mais aussi l’ensemble du patrimoine culturel, historique et archéologique des côtes de la Manche et de l’Atlantique. Cette perte de patrimoine et de données scientifiques demandait à être prise en compte d’urgence.La démarche scientifique engagée dans le cadre du projet ALeRT comprend à la fois :- un volet recherche (réflexion sur la vulnérabilité et le risque en milieu littoral, appliqués au patrimoine culturel) ;- un volet observation (avec mise au point d’outils normalisés, d’une base de données interactive et d’applications dédiées) ;- et enfin une démarche participative (développement de réseaux).A terme, c’est le développement de l’archéologie préventive littorale qui est visé, à l’interface des domaines marin et terrestre.

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