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Nanomaterials with unique structures and exotic magnetic phenomena are always intriguing; however, the direct correlation of structural and magnetic ordering up to a few nanometers remains critical.

We present a case of cystic lobulated swelling on upper and lower lid margin in a 45 years old woman. No other local or systemic features were associated with it. An incisional biopsy was performed under local anaesthesia. The histopathological examination revealed epithelioid cell granulomas and multiple Langhans type giant cells (Tubercular).

Objectives: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a hepatotropic virus that is one of the most common causes of liver disease and a potential cause of substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is a paucity of data on the etiological profile of cirrhosis with HCV association in western Uttar Pradesh. Methodology: The observational type of study was carried out from June 2021 to May 2022 on patients attending in Medicine department at Lala Lajpat Rai Memorable Medical College, Meerut in collaboration with the Microbiology Department at National Capital Region Institute of Medical Sciences, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. We included 247 patients who were diagnosed with cirrhosis, informed consent was taken with a 5 ml blood sample collected from each patient. The sample was screened for the qualitative detection of HCV-specific antibodies using 3rd generation Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from all the participants and Scored by the MELD score system. Result: A total of 247 confirmed cirrhosis patient’s, 52 (21%), patients were positive with the association of HCV in the age group of 41-60 and the mean age was 50 years. The 31 (59.6%) were males, and 21 (40.3%) were females positive for HCV in the low-status family.

Malignant melanoma is a potentially aggressive tumor of melanocytic origin. Primary oral malignant melanoma is a rare neoplasm, accounting for 0.5% of all oral malignancies. We report a case of 44yr old male patient who presented with a painful pigmented nodule involving the palate and histologically showing a spindle cell type of Melanoma.

In this work, the unique plastic deformation behavior of T2 rolled copper foils under ultrasonic impact (UI) and ultrasonic rolling (UR) has been studied systematically. The numerical simulation and test results show that with the decrease of the thickness of copper sheet, the equivalent plastic strain (PEEQ) value and plastic strain ep formed by UI or UR increase exponentially, and its distribution changes from gradient to uniform on the cross section, which is distinctive from the commonly observed gradient structure in ultrasonically treated bulk materials. Correspondingly, characterized by EBSD and TEM, the 100-μm-thick copper foil treated by UR shows the overall strengthening and forming a sub-micron grain structure with significant refinement and uniform distribution on the cross section. The microstructure homogenization of copper foil is attributed to the rigid wall effect facilitating the elastic-plastic stress wave bounce. The exponential increase of PEEQ and ep is explained as that with the decrease of the thickness of ultrasonic object, on the one hand, the acoustic softening and size effect which can reduce the elastic limit of copper foil are enhanced; on the other hand, the plastic deformation mode changes from stress superposition to dynamic impact. Through the establishment of a new theoretical model, the criterion of ultrasonic dynamic impact effect is deduced and verified by experiments.

Aims and Objectives: In the study we compare the sensitivity and specificity of two commonly used rapid serological test, Widal test and Typhidot, in the diagnosing of Typhoid fever. Material and Methods: Serum samples coming to the microbiology laboratory for routine testing over the period from September 2019 to November 2020 were analysed for the comparison for the presence of the Salmonella antibodies by carrying out the Typhidot and Widal tube agglutination test in tertiary care centre. Results: Out of 580 blood specimen, 49.3% cases were positive by Typhidot and 38.6% cases were positive by Widal method. Conclusion: Typhidot is a rapid and more sensitive test for early diagnosis of typhoid fever. It is now commercially available for the diagnosis of typhoid fever in areas with limited resources.Widal test showed the sensitivity and specificity of 37% & 62.4% respectively. Typhi dot test showed sensitivity of 41.4% and specificity of 56.5%. Keywords: Rapid test, Widal test, Typhidot test, serological test.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes 70-85% of all primary liver tumors and ranks as the fifth most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide [1, 2]. Steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma (SH-HCC) is a variant of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with established association with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), while its association with alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) is unclear. The steatohepatitic variant of HCC (SH-HCC) typically presents in patients with metabolic risk factors and either cirrhotic or non-cirrhotic NAFLD and shares many of the histological features found in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It accounts for 5-20% of HCCs, and the background liver may show steatohepatitis [3, 4]. We present a case of a 53-year-old deceased male. Part of liver was received after autopsy, which appeared nodular grossly and histopathological diagnosis of Steatohepatitic variant of Hepatocellular Carcinoma was made.

Primary neuroendocrine tumor of the mesentery is very rare. More than 90% of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors are located in the appendix, small intestine and rectum. We report a case of 70yr old male with very rare primary neuroendocrine tumor of the mesentery without any evidence of any primary tumor site. The only symptoms were persistent pain of the abdomen lasting for one year. The mass was radically excised during laparotomy. CT and MRI were useful to clarify the site of origin of the tumor but final diagnosis was based on histological findings.

Undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas with osteoclast-like giant cells (UC-OGCs) is a rare entity, less than 1% of all pancreatic malignancies. Recent studies quoted that the prognosis of these cancers is more favorable and displays a less aggressive with slow metastasis and lymph node spread compare to patients with an associated conventional pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We report a case of undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells of pancreas, which was diagnosed on aspiration cytology. To the best of our knowledge only twelve cases have been reported on so far and only two cases reported on cytology.

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen, its increasing resistance to broad-spectrum beta-lactams, mediated by extended-spectrum betalactamase enzymes (ESBL), is problem worldwide. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of ESBL-production among the clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Materials and Methods: Various clinical specimens received in our laboratory were processed and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified as per standard microbiological procedure. All isolates were subjected for ESBL screening test. Potential ESBL producer was then subjected for ESBL Phenotypic confirmatory test –Disc Diffusion method. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by Kirby – Bauer disc diffusion method on all confirmed isolates as per Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI 2016) guidelines. Results: A total of 322 non duplicate isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa identified during the study period. Of these 26.09% (n = 84) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were found to be ESBL producers. All ESBL positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates showed high resistance to ciprofloxacin 79 (94.05%), Gentamicin 61 (72.62%) and tobramycin 60 (71.43%). Resistance was low to drugs like cefoparazone + salbactum 17 (20.24 %) and piperacillin + Tazobactum 14 (16.67%), and Imipenem 15 (17.86 %). All the isolates showed 100% sensitive to Polymyxin B. Conclusion: Present study highlights the prevalence and drug resistance of ESBL positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Regular antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring is essential for judicial use of antibiotics in order to prevent the spread of drug resistance. Keywords: P. aeruginosa, β lactam, ESBL.

Background: The resistance to antimicrobial agents among Staphylococci is an increasing problem. Clinical laboratories should perform D test routinely to guide the clinicians about the inducible clindamycin resistance and to prevent misuse of antibiotics. Aims: Study aimed to isolates the Inducible and Constitutive clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus in various clinical samples. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the performance of disk diffusion method in 183 Staphylococci aureus strains obtained from various clinical samples of the patients collected from September 2018 to February 2020 at a tertiary care centre, Meerut. Result: Inducible clindamycin resistance was tested by ‘D test’ as per CLSI guidelines. 142(77.6%) of S.aureus isolates were found to be methicillin resistant (MRSA) and 41 (22.4%) tested sensitive to cefoxitin i.e., methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Conclusion: Inducible resistance and constitutive resistance were found to be higher in MRSA as compared to MSSA). The D test method showed to be simple and easy in the detection of inducible (iMLSB) and constitutive clindamycin resistance (cMLSB). Keywords: Clindamycin, D test, Resistance, Staphylococcus aureus.

Squamous cell carcinoma of kidney is the extremely rare entity of upper urinary tract neoplasm. The most common type of kidney cancer is clear cell renal cell carcinoma followed by papillary and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. We report a case of renal cell carcinoma who presented with complaints of pain abdomen and hematuria. Radiologic investigation showed a renal mass and calculi in the left kidney. The patient subsequently underwent left radical nephrectomy. Pathological diagnosis of SCC of idney was made.We report a rare case of primary renal squamous cell carcinoma involving whole of the kidney. With the best of our knowledge, only few cases of primary renal squamous cell carcinoma are reported. Keywords: Squamous, Nephrolithiasis, Hydronephrosis, Pelvicalyceal System, Chromophobe.

The emergence of cutting-edge nanomaterials with rational design, primarily with a structure-driven functionality, is a prerequisite for achieving advancement in current energy scenarios. This repo...

A typical rare-earth element modified Ce-SAF 2507 super duplex stainless steel was isothermally hot-compressed to reach superior mechanic properties over its pristine and peers. Mechanical, macro- and micro-structural evolutions subjected to hot-modification were studied in detail toward an optimal hot working for the Ce-SAF2507. A dynamic softening phenomenon shows that the increase of hot deformation temperature and decrease of the strain rate were dominated by the dynamic recovery of ferrite at a high strain rate and low deformation temperature. The same phenomenon at a low strain rate but high deformation temperature was ruled by the dynamic recrystallization of austenite. These two processes determined significant phase transformations from austenite to ferrite under higher deformation temperature and strain rate. A hot deformation activation energy Q ∼406 kJ mol−1 was obtained through a unified strain-compensated constitutive equation for Ce-SAF2507. Quantitative grain size refinements further proved the above mechanisms deduced from mechanical and microscopic observations, while structure induced changes of mechanical properties were crosschecked with the microhardness. Insights of microstructure also demonstrated the existences of the Cr2N in both phases, grain boundaries, and α/γ interface. The overall deformation dynamics was explicated based on the structural and quantitative results.

P25 comprising of mixed anatase and rutile phases is known to be highly photocatalytically active compared to the individual phases. Using a facile wet chemical method, we demonstrate a ternary nanocomposite consisting of Ni and Ag nanoparticles, decorated on the surface of XTiO2 (X: P25, rutile (R)) as an efficient visible-light-driven photocatalyst. Contrary to the current perspective, RTiO2-based Ni–Ag–RTiO2 shows the highest activity with the H2 evolution rate of ∼86 μmol g−1 W−1 h−1@535 nm. Together with quantitative assessment of active Ni, Ag and XTiO2 in these ternary systems using high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy coupled energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping evidences the metal to semiconductor contact via Ag. The robust photocatalytic activity is attributed to the improved visible light absorption, as noted by the observed band edge of ∼2.67 eV corroborating well with the occurrence of Ti3+ in Ti 2p XPS. The effective charge separation due to intimate contact between Ni and RTiO2 via Ag is further evidenced by the plasmon loss peak in Ag 3d XPS. Moreover, density functional theory calculations revealed enhanced adsorption of H2 on Ti8O16 clusters when both Ag and Ni are simultaneously present, owing to the hybridization of the metal atoms with d orbitals of Ti and p orbitals of O leading to enhanced bonding characteristics, as substantiated by the density of states. Additionally, the variation in the electronegativity in Bader charge analysis indicates the possibility of hydrogen evolution at the Ni sites, in agreement with the experimental observations.

Though solar energy availability is predicted for centuries, the diurnal and asymmetrical nature of the sun across the globe presents significant challenges in terms of harvesting sunlight. Photo/electro-catalysis, currently believed to be the bottleneck, promises a potential solution to these challenges along with a green and sustainable environment. This review aims to provide the current highlights on the application of inorganic-semiconductor-based ternary nanocomposites for H2 production and pollutant removal. Various engineering strategies employing integration of 2D materials, 1D nanorods, and/or 0D nanoparticles with inorganic semiconductors to create multiple nano-junctions have been developed for the excellent photocatalytic activity. Following a succinct description of the latest progress in photocatalysts, a discussion on the importance of ternary electrocatalysts in the field of next-generation supercapacitors has been included. Finally, the authors' perspectives are considered briefly, including future developments and critical technical challenges in the ever-growing field of photo/electro-catalysis.

Non-metallic inclusions play a decisive role in the steel's performance. Therefore, their determination and control over their formation are crucial to engineer ultra-high-strength steel. Currently, bare experimental approaches are limited in the identification of non-metallic inclusions within microstructural phases of complex steel matrices. Herein, we performed a density functional theory study on the characteristics of different nitride inclusions as observed in spectro-microscopy studies. As per the simulations, TiN inclusions preferentially formed in the austenite matrix, while the ferrite matrix generally hosts BN inclusions. Furthermore, although the presence of both BN and TiN inclusions in the Fe

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a distinguished histopathological entity affecting several organs, most likely kidney and gall bladder. Only a small number of cases of xanthogranulomatous endometritis (XGE) are reported in literature so far. Microscopic examination show sheets of foamy histiocytes along with other inflammatory cells on H&E stains sections. We present a case of 31-year-old female with complaint of inability to conceive for 3 years and having history of previous 3 tubal pregnancies. Hysteroscopy examination reveals fluffy endometrium, patent bilateral fornices with normal cervical mucosa. Dilatation and curettage were done and sent for histopathological examination, and diagnosis of Xanthogranulomatous Endometritis was made. As XGE is a rare inflammatory disease, awareness of this lesion is necessary for both the gynaecologist and pathologist and should be kept in differential diagnosis in the cases of infertility.

Environmental pollution is known as one of the biggest challenges for human development. Thats why the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have also focused on reducing environmental pollution. However, harmful chemicals and air, water and land pollution and contamination have been targeted to reduce the diseases and mortality rate by 2030. Especially in India, theroad sweepers and scavengers have contributed a lot in reducing the pollution rate. They have performed a lot in cleaning up the dirt, not only from garbage to sanitizing the roads they contributed when the whole world, even India was fighting with the Covid-19 pandemic but it was very unfortunate that their caste identity has become a stigma on their head which becomes the matter of inclusion of caste in common congregation. They have been suffered the most for the centuries on the basis of the same. Even after doing so much service to the society, oppression with this community has not been reduced because of the constructed perception of the society that these people are considered inferior and polluted. Therefore, this paper tries to explore the real factors behind this social perception towards caste identity and examine the role of lower caste community in sustainable development by cleaning the city especially in Delhi during the pandemic Covid-19. &nbsp

Adenomyomatous polyp is a rare subtype of endometrial polyp. About 1.3% of endometrial polys are adenomyomatous polyps. It affects females of fourth decade and above. This polyp is comprised of smooth muscles, endometrial glands and endometrial stroma. We report a case of 38-year female with history of secondary infertility. To the best of our knowledge, no case of adenomyomatous polyp has ever been presented with the complaint of inability to conceive, in the literature. Keywords: Adenomyomatous, Polyp, Infertility, Smooth muscle.

Background: To study the expression of PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin homologue) in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrium by immunohistochemistry in normal to neoplastic endometrial lesions including endometrial carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) sections of spectrum of endometrium in hundred different cases were taken from secretory phase to endometrial carcinoma and subjected to Immunohistochemistry using PTEN. Results: Immunoreactivity was taken as positive when a brown colour was noted in the nuclei or cytoplasm with intensity of staining being graded from 0 to 3+. Also if 60% positive cells a score of 3+ was given. Statistical analysis was performed with Chi-Square test and significant differences were noted between these 3 groups (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: A decreased expression of PTEN is a marker of the earliest endometrial premalignant lesions, and therefore we in our study suggest that PTEN immunostaining can be helpful in identifying premalignant conditions that are likely to progress to carcinoma.

Introduction: Gallbladder stones are commonest disorder among gall bladder lesions and are usually asymptomatic. Its frequency in cholecystectomy specimens is not clear. The aim of this study was to report the morphological variants and frequency of different lesions in cholecystectomy specimens. Objective: To study the various histopathological spectrum of gall bladder lesions. Materials And Methods: In present study we have studied total 141 cases of gall bladder lesion during the period of 6 months from April 2017 to October 2017 in the Dept. of Pathology at Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda. Results: Benign lesions of gall bladder outnumbered the malignant ones with non-neoplastic lesions accounting for 93.6% (132 cases) with chronic calculous cholecystitis contributing the majority of the non-neoplastic lesions (49.64%) followed by cholesterolosis (22.69%), acalculous cholecystitis (4.96%), followed by gangrenous and xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Females were predominantly affected in the present study with total 107 cases out of 141 cases-75.8% cases. Most of the non-neoplastic lesions of the gall bladder lesions are common in 3rd, 4th and 5th decades of life. Neoplastic lesions of the gall bladder were common in 5th, 6th and 7th decades of life. Out of 141 cases 5 cases are of adenocarcinoma of gall bladder-3.5% of all cases. The mean age of patient with adenocarcinoma of gall bladder is 60.8 years. Conclusion: Gall bladder lesions were common indication for surgical intervention and pathological evaluation. Most of them were inflammatory lesions with cholelithiasis, however thorough examination is important as these lesions may progress to fatal malignancies.

Herpes esophagitis is a very rare disease caused by Herpes simplex virus (HSV). The disease occurs primarily in immunocompromised patients, including post-chemotherapy, immunosuppression with organ transplants, and in AIDS patients but Herpes esophagitis can also occur in immunocompetent individuals. We report a case of 57yrs old male presented with complaint of epigastric pain.

The quality of software can be assessed by studying how prone it is to defects. This paper introduces a defect prediction approach using particle swarm optimization (PSO) and assesses what impact a fitness function has on its performance. The fitness functions used in this study are G-mean, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision. This study is novel in the regard that it seeks to improve the quality of widely used software and applications by focusing solely on object-oriented software and metrics. The performance is measured for each fitness variant by calculating the G-mean for each predicted dataset. The results are validated using tenfold cross-validation. Much attention has also been paid that the results are proven to be significant by using the Friedman test. The final results contribute towards the selection of better fitness functions for PSO in future defect or change prediction studies.

Though solar energy availability is predicted for centuries, the diurnal and asymmetrical nature of the sun across the globe presents significant challenges in terms of harvesting sunlight. Photo/electro-catalysis, currently believed to be the bottleneck, promises a potential solution to these challenges along with a green and sustainable environment. This review aims to provide the current highlights on the application of inorganic-semiconductor-based ternary nanocomposites for H2 production and pollutant removal. Various engineering strategies employing integration of 2D materials, 1D nanorods, and/or 0D nanoparticles with inorganic semiconductors to create multiple nano-junctions have been developed for the excellent photocatalytic activity. Following a succinct description of the latest progress in photocatalysts, a discussion on the importance of ternary electrocatalysts in the field of next-generation supercapacitors has been included. Finally, the authors' perspectives are considered briefly, including future developments and critical technical challenges in the ever-growing field of photo/electro-catalysis.

Ni@NiO/NiCO

Abstract A colourimetric assay for the detection of DNA fragments associated with the oil palm pathogen Ganoderma boninense and other fungi DNA is reported. The assay is based on the aggregation of DNA-nanoparticle conjugates in the presence of complementary DNA from the target organism. Here, various designs of DNA-nanoparticle conjugates were evaluated, and it was found that the best design gave a visually observable colour change with as little as 2 pmol of double-stranded DNA analyte even in the presence of a large excess of a mixture of non-complementary DNA. Overall, this label-free system is rapid, sensitive, selective, simple in design, and easy to carry out. It does not require specialist equipment or specialist training for the interpretation of the results, and therefore has the potential to be deployed for agricultural diagnostics in the field. Graphic abstract Development of a colourimetric assay based on DNA-nanoparticle conjugates for the oil palm pathogen Ganoderma boninense.

P25 comprising of mixed anatase and rutile phases is known to be highly photocatalytically active compared to the individual phases. Using a facile wet chemical method, we demonstrate a ternary nanocomposite consisting of Ni and Ag nanoparticles, decorated on the surface of XTiO

Owing to the growing demand in areas such as energy, environmental science, electro- and photoelectrocatalysis, different reactions such as HER (hydrogen evolution), OER (oxygen evolution), ORR (oxygen reduction), and CO2RR (CO2 reduction) represent attractive strategies to overcome the challenges in sustainable energy conversion and usage. The competition for introducing catalysts with higher performance and cost-efficiency in comparison to the previous systems based on noble metals is one of the most interesting directions in this field. By merging the advantages of inorganic and organic materials, MOFs (metal–organic frameworks) have gained an ample attention as highly versatile electro- and photoelectrocatalytic platforms. This is governed by the intricate features of MOFs including extraordinary surface area, exceptional porosity, tailorable pore size, vast structural and chemical tunability, and pre- and post-synthesis structural modifiability. In contrast to monometallic compounds, bimetallic MOFs (BMOFs) and their composites offer many advantages, including improved electrical conductivity, extended active sites, high charge capacity, and adjustable electrochemical activity. Metal-organic frameworks can also be combined with other electrochemically active materials, resulting in advanced composites with large specific area, increased electrical conductivity, and superiour dispersion. Besides, some BMOFs show an enhanced electrocatalytic activity under light irradiation, thus permitting their application as photoelectrocatalysts. The present review summarizes the state-of-the-art on bimetallic MOFs and derived composites for the main current types of electro- and photoelectrocatalytic applications. The study also aims to highlight the challenges and opportunities in this area, with a focus on future perspectives of such multimetallic compounds and materials, with a particular emphasis in the field of energy and electrophotocatalysis.

CdS-PVP nanocomposites grown with various concentrations of Cd + /S − and PVP are studied using Raman and atomic force microscopy mapping on same selected areas. The study shows that CdS nanocrystals are embedded in either a thin-film or spheres of PVP, formation of which depends on relative ratio of Cd + /S − concentration (density of nanocrystals) to PVP. Collapse of PVP from planer matrix to the sphere morphology is correlated with high density of CdS nanocrystals and the attractive interaction between CdS nanocrystals and PVP polymer leading to a co-operative growth mechanism. The understanding developed can be used to control the growth of CdS-PVP nanocomposites with desired properties for optoelectronic device applications.

Correlation between size, bonding of Si and O at the surface/interface of Si nanocrystals and frequency of Si phonons in Si-SiO2 nanocomposites is established using Raman mapping and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Corroboration of these results with absorption spectroscopy shows that lowering of direct transition of light electron conduction band to heavy hole valence band ∼2.8 and 2.95 eV is a result of the interplay between effect of electron confinement (increases band gap) and oxidation bonding environment at the surface/interface (decreases band gap) of a nanocrystal in Si-SiO2 nanocomposites. These studies have generated deeper insight into the fundamental understanding of the nanocomposite, which can allow easy optical microscopy monitoring of Si-SiO2 based device fabrication.

Primary prostate sarcoma is a rare malignancy of the prostate with poor prognosis. It accounts for

A colorimetric assay for the detection of DNA fragments associated with the oil palm pathogen Ganoderma boninense is reported, which is based on the aggregation of DNA-nanoparticle conjugated in the presence of complementary DNA from the pathogen. Here, various designs of DNA-nanoparticle conjugates were evaluated, and it was found that the best design gave a visually observable colour change with as little as 2 pmol of double-stranded DNA analyte even in the presence of a large excess of a mixture of non-complementary DNA. The assay was also able to differentiate analyte sequences with three or more single nucleotide mismatches. Overall, this label-free system is rapid, sensitive, selective, simple in design and easy to carry out. It does not require specialist equipment or specialist training for the interpretation of the results and therefore has the potential to be deployed of agricultural diagnostics in the field.