129 results on '"Ekta Patel"'
Search Results
2. 611 XTX202–01/02–001, Phase 1/2 first-in human study of XTX202, a masked, tumor-activated IL-2βγ, in patients with advanced solid tumors: results from phase 1
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David Miller, John Powderly, Suthee Rapisuwon, Sanjay Goel, Bartosz Chmielowski, Richard Wu, Meredith McKean, Damiano Fantini, Yousef Zakharia, Jacob Thomas, Diana Hanna, Anthony El-Khoueiry, Ekta Patel, Anurag Gupta, George Lee, Meghan Duncan, Meredith Pelster, Randy Hurley, Aika Siu, David Crowe, Sattanathan Paramasivan, and Katarina Luptakova
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Published
- 2023
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3. 1056 XTX301, a tumor activated, half-life extended IL-12 promoted potent anti-tumor immunity and activity across multiple syngeneic tumor models
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Wilson Guzman, Damiano Fantini, Parker Johnson, Kurt Jenkins, Hanumantha Rao Madala, Caitlin O’Toole, Magali Pederzoli-Ribeil, Jennifer O’Neil, Jake Taylor, Ekta Patel, Sallyann Vu, Manoussa Fanny, Oleg Yerov, Benjamin Nicholson, Natalia V Malkova, Stephanie Hsiao, Ertan Eryilmaz, and Uli Bialucha
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Published
- 2023
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4. Proper Motions and Orbits of Distant Local Group Dwarf Galaxies from a Combination of Gaia and Hubble Data
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Paul Bennet, Ekta Patel, Sangmo Tony Sohn, Andrés del Pino Molina, Roeland P. van der Marel, Mattia Libralato, Laura L. Watkins, Antonio Aparicio, Gurtina Besla, Carme Gallart, Mark A. Fardal, Matteo Monelli, Elena Sacchi, Erik Tollerud, and Daniel R. Weisz
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Proper motions ,Dwarf galaxies ,Local Group ,Astrophysics ,QB460-466 - Abstract
We have determined the proper motions (PMs) of 12 dwarf galaxies in the Local Group (LG), ranging from the outer Milky Way (MW) halo to the edge of the LG. We used the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) as the first and Gaia as the second epoch using the GaiaHub software. For Leo A and Sag DIG, we also used multi-epoch HST measurements relative to background galaxies. Orbital histories derived using these PMs show that two-thirds of the galaxies in our sample are on first infall with >90% certainty. The observed star formation histories of these first-infall dwarfs are generally consistent with infalling dwarfs in simulations. The remaining four galaxies have crossed the virial radius of either the MW or M31. When we compare their star formation (SF) and orbital histories we find tentative agreement between the inferred pattern of SF with the timing of dynamical events in the orbital histories. For Leo I, SF activity rises as the dwarf crosses the MW’s virial radius, culminating in a burst of SF shortly before pericenter (≈1.7 Gyr ago). The SF then declines after pericenter, but with some smaller bursts before its recent quenching (≈0.3 Gyr ago). This shows that even small dwarfs like Leo I can hold onto gas reservoirs and avoid quenching for several gigayears after falling into their host, which is longer than generally found in simulations. Leo II, NGC 6822, and IC 10 are also qualitatively consistent with this SF pattern in relation to their orbit, but more tentatively due to larger uncertainties.
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- 2024
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5. Deep Hubble Space Telescope Photometry of Large Magellanic Cloud and Milky Way Ultrafaint Dwarfs: A Careful Look into the Magnitude–Size Relation
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Hannah Richstein, Nitya Kallivayalil, Joshua D. Simon, Christopher T. Garling, Andrew Wetzel, Jack T. Warfield, Roeland P. van der Marel, Myoungwon Jeon, Jonah C. Rose, Paul Torrey, Anna Claire Engelhardt, Gurtina Besla, Yumi Choi, Marla Geha, Puragra Guhathakurta, Evan N. Kirby, Ekta Patel, Elena Sacchi, and Sangmo Tony Sohn
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Dwarf galaxies ,HST photometry ,Galaxy structure ,Local Group ,Astrophysics ,QB460-466 - Abstract
We present deep Hubble Space Telescope photometry of 10 targets from Treasury Program GO-14734, including six confirmed ultrafaint dwarf (UFD) galaxies, three UFD candidates, and one likely globular cluster. Six of these targets are satellites of, or have interacted with, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We determine their structural parameters using a maximum-likelihood technique. Using our newly derived half-light radius ( r _h ) and V -band magnitude ( M _V ) values in addition to literature values for other UFDs, we find that UFDs associated with the LMC do not show any systematic differences from Milky Way UFDs in the magnitude–size plane. Additionally, we convert simulated UFD properties from the literature into the M _V – r _h observational space to examine the abilities of current dark matter (DM) and baryonic simulations to reproduce observed UFDs. Some of these simulations adopt alternative DM models, thus allowing us to also explore whether the M _V – r _h plane could be used to constrain the nature of DM. We find no differences in the magnitude–size plane between UFDs simulated with cold, warm, and self-interacting DM, but note that the sample of UFDs simulated with alternative DM models is quite limited at present. As more deep, wide-field survey data become available, we will have further opportunities to discover and characterize these ultrafaint stellar systems and the greater low surface-brightness universe.
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- 2024
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6. A Physically Motivated Framework to Compare Pair Fractions of Isolated Low- and High-mass Galaxies across Cosmic Time
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Katie Chamberlain, Gurtina Besla, Ekta Patel, Vicente Rodriguez-Gomez, Paul Torrey, Garreth Martin, Kelsey Johnson, Nitya Kallivayalil, David Patton, Sarah Pearson, George Privon, and Sabrina Stierwalt
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Galaxy pairs ,Interacting galaxies ,Galaxy evolution ,Local Group ,Astrophysics ,QB460-466 - Abstract
Low-mass galaxy pair fractions are understudied, and it is unclear whether low-mass pair fractions evolve in the same way as more massive systems over cosmic time. In the era of JWST, Roman, and Rubin, selecting galaxy pairs in a self-consistent way will be critical to connect observed pair fractions to cosmological merger rates across all mass scales and redshifts. Utilizing the Illustris TNG100 simulation, we create a sample of physically associated low-mass (10 ^8 < M _* < 5 × 10 ^9 M _⊙ ) and high-mass (5 × 10 ^9 < M _* < 10 ^11 M _⊙ ) pairs between z = 0 and 4.2. The low-mass pair fraction increases from z = 0 to 2.5, while the high-mass pair fraction peaks at z = 0 and is constant or slightly decreasing at z > 1. At z = 0 the low-mass major (1:4 mass ratio) pair fraction is 4× lower than high-mass pairs, consistent with findings for cosmological merger rates. We show that separation limits that vary with the mass and redshift of the system, such as scaling by the virial radius of the host halo ( r _sep < 1 R _vir ), are critical for recovering pair fraction differences between low-mass and high-mass systems. Alternatively, static physical separation limits applied equivalently to all galaxy pairs do not recover the differences between low- and high-mass pair fractions, even up to separations of 300 kpc. Finally, we place isolated mass analogs of Local Group galaxy pairs, i.e., Milky Way (MW)–M31, MW–LMC, LMC–SMC, in a cosmological context, showing that isolated analogs of LMC–SMC-mass pairs and low-separation (
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- 2024
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7. The Large Magellanic Cloud’s ∼30 kpc Bow Shock and Its Impact on the Circumgalactic Medium
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David J. Setton, Gurtina Besla, Ekta Patel, Cameron Hummels, Yong Zheng, Evan Schneider, and Munier Salem
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Large Magellanic Cloud ,Circumgalactic medium ,Hydrodynamical simulations ,Astrophysics ,QB460-466 - Abstract
The interaction between the supersonic motion of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and the circumgalactic medium (CGM) is expected to result in a bow shock that leads the LMC’s gaseous disk. In this letter, we use hydrodynamic simulations of the LMC’s recent infall to predict the extent of this shock and its effect on the Milky Way’s (MW) CGM. The simulations clearly predict the existence of an asymmetric shock with a present-day standoff radius of ∼6.7 kpc and a transverse diameter of ∼30 kpc. Over the past 500 Myr, ∼8% of the MW’s CGM in the southern hemisphere should have interacted with the shock front. This interaction may have had the effect of smoothing over inhomogeneities and increasing mixing in the MW CGM. We find observational evidence of the existence of the bow shock in recent H α maps of the LMC, providing a potential explanation for the envelope of ionized gas surrounding the LMC. Furthermore, the interaction of the bow shock with the MW CGM may also explain the observations of ionized gas surrounding the Magellanic Stream. Using recent orbital histories of MW satellites, we find that many satellites have likely interacted with the LMC shock. Additionally, the dwarf galaxy Ret2 is currently sitting inside the shock, which may impact the interpretation of the reported gamma-ray excess in Ret2. This work highlights how bow shocks associated with infalling satellites are an underexplored yet potentially very important dynamical mixing process in the circumgalactic and intracluster media.
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- 2023
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8. Antimicrobial Resistance in Africa—How to Relieve the Burden on Family Farmers
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Christian Ducrot, Alexandre Hobeika, Christian Lienhardt, Barbara Wieland, Charlotte Dehays, Alexis Delabouglise, Marion Bordier, Flavie Goutard, Ekta Patel, Muriel Figuié, Marisa Peyre, Arshnee Moodley, and François Roger
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antimicrobial resistance ,antimicrobials ,Africa ,antibiotic resistance ,family farmers ,farms animals ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Although currently available data indicate that Africa has the lowest usage of antimicrobials in animals in the world (adjusted by animal biomass), data show a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in foodborne pathogens isolated from animals and animal products. Apart from the lack of solid data on antimicrobial use in many countries in Africa, different hypotheses could explain this situation. Qualitative interviews of farmers show a lack of knowledge and uninformed use of antimicrobials. Considering the development of animal farming to meet an increasing demand for proteins, this deficiency represents a serious public health issue. We advocate for policies that consider the specific challenges faced by family farmers in Africa, to simultaneously improve access to veterinary drugs while strengthening the regulation of their use. We propose a global approach targeting the agri-food system, offering innovative social and technical interventions on antimicrobial usage, adapted to family farmers.
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- 2021
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9. Dynamic Demand and Pricing Inventory Model for Non-Instantaneous Deteriorating Items
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Nita H. Shah, Kavita Rabari, and Ekta Patel
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dynamic demand rate ,deterioration rate ,time-dependent selling price ,variable holding cost ,discount ,Technology ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
In this model, an inventory model for deteriorating products with dynamic demand is developed under time-dependent selling price. The selling price is supposed to be a time-dependent function of initial price of the products and the permissible discount rate at the time of deterioration. The object is sold with the constant rate in the absence of deterioration and is the exponential function of discount rate at the time; deterioration takes place. Here, the demand not only dependent on the selling price but also on the cumulative demand that represents the saturation and diffusion effect. First, an inventory model is formulated to characterize the profit function. The Classical optimization algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem. The objective is to maximize the total profit of the retailers with respect to the initial selling price and cycle time. Concavity of the objective function is discussed through graphs. At last, a sensitivity analysis is performed by changing inventory parameters and their impact on the decision variables i.e. (initial price, cycle time) together with the profit function.
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- 2021
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10. Metallicity Distribution Functions of 13 Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy Candidates from Hubble Space Telescope Narrowband Imaging
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Sal Wanying Fu, Daniel R. Weisz, Else Starkenburg, Nicolas Martin, Alessandro Savino, Michael Boylan-Kolchin, Patrick Côté, Andrew E. Dolphin, Alexander P. Ji, Nicolas Longeard, Mario L. Mateo, Ekta Patel, and Nathan R. Sandford
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Dwarf galaxies ,HST photometry ,Stellar abundances ,Local Group ,Astrophysics ,QB460-466 - Abstract
We present uniformly measured stellar metallicities of 463 stars in 13 Milky Way (MW) ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs; M _V = −7.1 to −0.8) using narrowband CaHK (F395N) imaging taken with the Hubble Space Telescope. This represents the largest homogeneous set of stellar metallicities in UFDs, increasing the number of metallicities in these 13 galaxies by a factor of 5 and doubling the number of metallicities in all known MW UFDs. We provide the first well-populated MDFs for all galaxies in this sample, with 〈[Fe/H]〉 ranging from −3.0 to −2.0 dex, and σ _[Fe/H] ranging from 0.3–0.7 dex. We find a nearly constant [Fe/H]∼ −2.6 over 3 decades in luminosity (∼10 ^2 –10 ^5 L _⊙ ), suggesting that the mass–metallicity relationship does not hold for such faint systems. We find a larger fraction (24%) of extremely metal-poor ([Fe/H]< −3) stars across our sample compared to the literature (14%), but note that uncertainties in our most metal-poor measurements make this an upper limit. We find 19% of stars in our UFD sample to be metal-rich ([Fe/H] > −2), consistent with the sum of literature spectroscopic studies. MW UFDs are known to be predominantly >13 Gyr old, meaning that all stars in our sample are truly ancient, unlike metal-poor stars in the MW, which have a range of possible ages. Our UFD metallicities are not well matched to known streams in the MW, providing further evidence that known MW substructures are not related to UFDs. We include a catalog of our stars to encourage community follow-up studies, including priority targets for ELT-era observations.
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- 2023
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11. The Hubble Space Telescope Survey of M31 Satellite Galaxies. II. The Star Formation Histories of Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxies
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Alessandro Savino, Daniel R. Weisz, Evan D. Skillman, Andrew Dolphin, Andrew A. Cole, Nitya Kallivayalil, Andrew Wetzel, Jay Anderson, Gurtina Besla, Michael Boylan-Kolchin, Thomas M. Brown, James S. Bullock, Michelle L. M. Collins, M. C. Cooper, Alis J. Deason, Aaron L. Dotter, Mark Fardal, Annette M. N. Ferguson, Tobias K. Fritz, Marla C. Geha, Karoline M. Gilbert, Puragra Guhathakurta, Rodrigo Ibata, Michael J. Irwin, Myoungwon Jeon, Evan N. Kirby, Geraint F. Lewis, Dougal Mackey, Steven R. Majewski, Nicolas Martin, Alan McConnachie, Ekta Patel, R. Michael Rich, Joshua D. Simon, Sangmo Tony Sohn, Erik J. Tollerud, and Roeland P. van der Marel
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Andromeda Galaxy ,Dwarf galaxies ,Hertzsprung Russell diagram ,Reionization ,Galaxy quenching ,Astrophysics ,QB460-466 - Abstract
We present the lifetime star formation histories (SFHs) for six ultrafaint dwarf (UFD; M _V > − 7.0, $4.9\lt {\mathrm{log}}_{10}({M}_{* }(z=0)/{M}_{\odot })\lt 5.5$ ) satellite galaxies of M31 based on deep color–magnitude diagrams constructed from Hubble Space Telescope imaging. These are the first SFHs obtained from the oldest main-sequence turnoff of UFDs outside the halo of the Milky Way (MW). We find that five UFDs formed at least 50% of their stellar mass by z = 5 (12.6 Gyr ago), similar to known UFDs around the MW, but that 10%–40% of their stellar mass formed at later times. We uncover one remarkable UFD, And xiii , which formed only 10% of its stellar mass by z = 5, and 75% in a rapid burst at z ∼ 2–3, a result that is robust to choices of underlying stellar model and is consistent with its predominantly red horizontal branch. This “young” UFD is the first of its kind and indicates that not all UFDs are necessarily quenched by reionization, which is consistent with predictions from several cosmological simulations of faint dwarf galaxies. SFHs of the combined MW and M31 samples suggest reionization did not homogeneously quench UFDs. We find that the least-massive MW UFDs ( M _* ( z = 5) ≲ 5 × 10 ^4 M _⊙ ) are likely quenched by reionization, whereas more-massive M31 UFDs ( M _* ( z = 5) ≳ 10 ^5 M _⊙ ) may only have their star formation suppressed by reionization and quench at a later time. We discuss these findings in the context of the evolution and quenching of UFDs.
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- 2023
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12. Erratum: 'The Orbital Histories of Magellanic Satellites Using Gaia DR2 Proper Motions' (2020, ApJ, 893, 121)
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Ekta Patel, Nitya Kallivayalil, Nicolas Garavito-Camargo, Gurtina Besla, Daniel R. Weisz, Roeland P. van der Marel, Michael Boylan-Kolchin, Marcel S. Pawlowski, and Facundo A. Gómez
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Astrophysics ,QB460-466 - Published
- 2023
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13. Evidence for a Massive Andromeda Galaxy Using Satellite Galaxy Proper Motions
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Ekta Patel and Kaisey S. Mandel
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Dwarf galaxies ,Andromeda Galaxy ,Astrometry ,Astrostatistics ,Astrophysics ,QB460-466 - Abstract
We present new mass estimates for Andromeda (M31) using the orbital angular momenta of four satellite galaxies (M33, NGC 185, NGC 147, and IC 10) derived from existing proper motions, distances, and line-of-sight velocities. We infer two masses for M31: ${M}_{\mathrm{vir}}={2.85}_{-0.77}^{+1.47}\times {10}^{12}\,{M}_{\odot }$ using satellite galaxy phase-space information derived with Hubble Space Telescope (HST)-based M31 proper motions and ${M}_{\mathrm{vir}}\,={3.02}_{-0.69}^{+1.30}\times {10}^{12}\,{M}_{\odot }$ using phase-space information derived with the weighted average of HST+Gaia-based M31 proper motions. The precision of our new M31 mass estimates (23%–50%) improves by a factor of two compared to previous mass estimates using a similar methodology with just one satellite galaxy, and places our results among the highest-precision M31 estimates in recent literature. Furthermore, our results are consistent with recently revised estimates for the total mass of the Local Group (LG), with the stellar mass–halo mass relation, and with observed kinematic data for both M31 and its entire population of satellites. An M31 mass >2.5 × 10 ^12 M _⊙ could have major implications for our understanding of LG dynamics, M31's merger and accretion history, and our understanding of LG galaxies in a cosmological context.
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- 2023
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14. A Deteriorating Inventory Model under Overtime Production and Credit Policy for Stock- and Price Sensitive Demand Function
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Nita H. Shah, Kavita Rabari, and Ekta Patel
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Overtime production, Production period, Conservation investment time, Deterioration, Stock- and vending worth dependent time, Sensitivity ,Industrial engineering. Management engineering ,T55.4-60.8 - Abstract
This paper develops an overtime production model for demand rate to be a function of price and stock-level. Companies manufacturing rate fluctuates with the change in stock-level and demand rate. To control the deterioration up to some extent, the system introduces preservation technology investment. The article permits a two-level credit policy for flexible financing. The model calculates feasible profit value under preservation technology investment, production period and selling price. Conclusively, a sensitivity analysis related to different inventory parameters is performed to study the dependency of optimal values on parameters.
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- 2022
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15. 519 A first-in-human, multicenter, phase 1/2, open-label study of XTX101 in patients with advanced solid tumors
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John Powderly, Jennifer O’Neil, Ekta Patel, Teleen Norman, Meghan Duncan, Martin Huber, and Andrae Vandross
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Published
- 2021
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16. 719 XTX301, a protein-engineered IL-12, exhibits tumor-selective activity in mice without peripheral toxicities and is well tolerated in non-human primates
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Jia Chen, Wilson Guzman, Parker Johnson, Megan McLaughlin, Kurt Jenkins, Hanumantha Rao Madala, Magali Pederzoli-Ribeil, Huawei Qiu, Ekta Patel, Natalia Malkova, Sallyann Vu, Rebekah O'Donnell, Manoussa Fanny, Oleg Yerov, Caitlin O'Toole, Benjamin Nicholson, Bill Avery, Ronan O'Hagan, and Jennifer O'Neil
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Published
- 2021
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17. Synthetic TRuC receptors engaging the complete T cell receptor for potent anti-tumor response
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Patrick A. Baeuerle, Jian Ding, Ekta Patel, Niko Thorausch, Holly Horton, Jessica Gierut, Irene Scarfo, Rashmi Choudhary, Olga Kiner, Janani Krishnamurthy, Bonnie Le, Anna Morath, G. Christian Baldeviano, Justin Quinn, Patrick Tavares, Qi Wei, Solly Weiler, Marcela V. Maus, Daniel Getts, Wolfgang W. Schamel, and Robert Hofmeister
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Science - Abstract
Supraphysiological T cell activation by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) contributes to T cell exhaustion and adverse events in CAR T cell therapies. Here the authors engineer a synthetic antigen receptor that integrates into the endogenous TCR complex, preserving natural regulatory circuits and achieving improved performance in mouse tumor models.
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- 2019
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18. Infection and treatment method (ITM) vaccine against East Coast fever: reducing the number of doses per straw for use in smallholder dairy herds by thawing, diluting and refreezing already packaged vaccine
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Ekta Patel, Stephen Mwaura, Giuseppe Di Giulio, Elizabeth A. J. Cook, Godelieve Lynen, and Philip Toye
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Infection and treatment method ,Vaccine ,Theileria parva ,Smallholder ,East Coast fever ,Smallholder farmers ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background The Infection and Treatment Method (ITM) of vaccination is the only immunization procedure currently available to protect cattle against East Coast fever (ECF), a tick-transmitted disease responsible for losses of several hundreds of millions of dollars per year in sub-Saharan Africa. The vaccine comprises a homogenized preparation of infected ticks packaged in straws and stored in liquid nitrogen. The current manufacturing protocol results in straws containing 30–40 doses (ILRI 0804), which is impractical for immunizing small herds as found in dairy and smallholder farming systems. The ILRI 0804 SD stabilate was prepared as a 1:5 dilution of the parent stabilate, with the aim of producing vaccine stabilate straws containing between four to eight doses and thus suitable for smallholder farming systems. Infectivity of the diluted stabilate was assessed and the protective efficacy of the diluted stabilate was determined by performing experimental and field immunizations. Results Two groups of six cattle were inoculated with 1 ml of the diluted stabilate at 1:20 (equivalent to the recommended field dose for ILRI 0804, assuming no loss of sporozoite viability during thawing and refreezing) and 1:14 (assuming 30–35% loss of sporozoite viability). Schizonts were detected in all 12 animals, showing viability of sporozoites. Ten animals from the infectivity study and two control animals not previously exposed to T. parva were challenged with the parental ILRI 0804 stabilate. The results show that the two control animals displayed severe ECF reactions and were treated 14 days after challenge. Of the previously infected animals, only one underwent a severe reaction following challenge, a result in accord with the challenge experiments performed previously with the parent stabilate [Ticks Tick-Borne Dis 7:306-314, 2016]. The animal that displayed a severe reaction had no detectable schizonts and did not seroconvert following the initial inoculation with ILRI 0804 SD. In addition, 62 animals immunized under field conditions showed a mean seroconversion rate of 82%. Conclusion The results presented in this article demonstrate that it is possible to prepare straws suitable for use in smallholder herds by thawing, diluting and refreezing already packaged vaccine.
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- 2019
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19. Investigation of carbon emissions due to COVID-19 vaccine inventory.
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Nita H. Shah, Ekta Patel, and Kavita Rabari
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- 2022
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20. Spontaneous adrenal haemorrhage in pregnancy and review of the literature
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Ekta Patel, Rabia Zill-E-Huma, and Eleftheria Demertzidou
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Pregnancy Complications ,Pregnancy ,Adrenal Gland Diseases ,Humans ,Female ,Flank Pain ,Hemorrhage ,General Medicine ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Abstract
Spontaneous adrenal haemorrhage (SAH) is a rare condition. The incidence of adrenal haemorrhage in pregnancy is currently not known; however, an association with pregnancy has been reported.An acute presentation with severe back or flank pain should raise suspicion of this condition. Diagnosis is based on imaging. An ultrasound scan is a basic and readily available investigation in pregnancy to rule out renal and suprarenal pathology while CT or MRI scan can help to confirm the diagnosis. A multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach, involving the obstetric, anaesthetic, medical and endocrine team, is essential in management of this condition.We present a case of an SAH; managed conservatively, in an otherwise healthy and low-risk pregnant woman and describe the literature review on this rare condition, including pathophysiology and management.
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- 2024
21. Direct organogenesis from cortical cells of hypocotyl segments in soybean
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Ekta Patel, Anu Kalia, Balwinder Singh Gill, Ajinder Kaur, and Jagdeep Singh Sandhu
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Plant Science ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2023
22. PREGNANT WOMEN WITH SEVERE ANAEMIA IN LABOUR: PREVELENCE, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANT AND OBSTETRICS OUTCOME
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Darshana Gamit, Ekta Patel, and Dipika Bhoya
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Microbiology (medical) ,Linguistics and Language ,Visual Arts and Performing Arts ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,General Medicine ,Aquatic Science ,Microbiology ,Urban Studies ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Clinical Psychology ,Endocrinology ,Physiology (medical) ,Architecture ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Background: Anaemia is most common hematological issue encountered during pregnancy and one of the major cause for maternal and perinatal morbidity due to disturbed physiological milieu. Our objective was to study the pregnancy outcome in women with severe anaemia in labour. Method: A Prospective observational study was conducted by collecting data from medical records of around 100 consecutive consenting women with severe anaemia in labour with >28weeks of pregnancy which admitted in a labour room of a tertiary health care center of south Gujarat over a period of one year after HREC approval. Results: In our study Majority of the subjects (73 %) were in the age group of 19 – 29 years, Majority (70%) subjects were unbooked. 75% subjects were with severe anaemia (Hb = 4 – 7 gm/dl) and 25% subjects were of very severe anaemia (Hb < 4 gm/dl). Majority of the (69 %) subjects were multipara and (31%) subjects were primipara. In multipara, majority (73.91%) subjects were having < 2 years of birth spacing interval. 84% subjects had microcytic hypochromic anaemia. 62% subjects had vaginal delivery and 36% subjects were undergone for Emergency LSCS. Conclusion: Increasing utilization of healthcare facility at every step(rural/urban) by needy women can improve obstetric & perinatal outcome associated with maternal anaemia. To overcome complications of anemia during pregnancy & in labour early detection of cases & early catching of mild to moderate cases of anaemia & their timely management required. All these can improve our clinical & Reproductive outcome
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- 2023
23. Metallicity Distribution Function of the Eridanus II Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy from Hubble Space Telescope Narrowband Imaging
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Sal Wanying Fu, Daniel R. Weisz, Else Starkenburg, Nicolas Martin, Alexander P. Ji, Ekta Patel, Michael Boylan-Kolchin, Patrick Côté, Andrew E. Dolphin, Nicolas Longeard, Mario L. Mateo, and Nathan R. Sandford
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- 2022
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24. Rights, resilience, and water in turbulent times
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Ekta Patel and Erika Weinthal
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- 2023
25. Vendor-Buyer Pollution Sensitive Inventory System for Deteriorating Items
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Nita H. Shah, Ekta Patel, and Kavita Rabari
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Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Control and Systems Engineering ,General Chemical Engineering ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Pollution ,Waste Management and Disposal - Published
- 2022
26. Optimal Inventory Policies for Price and Time Sensitive Demand Under Advertisement
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Ekta Patel, Nita H. Shah, and Kavita Rabari
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Price elasticity of demand ,Inventory control ,General Computer Science ,Obsolescence ,Economics ,Holding cost ,Advertising ,Economic shortage ,Profit (economics) ,Convexity ,Time sensitive - Abstract
Aims: This article analyzes an inventory system for deteriorating items. The demand is quadratic function of time and is dependent on time, price and advertisement. Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged. Background: Demand and pricing are the two most crucial factors in inventory policy for any business to be successful. In today’s era of competitive circumstances, any product is promoted through advertisement, which plays a vital role in changing the demand pattern among the community. The marketing and demonstration of an item by time-to-time with fashionable advertisements through well-known media such as TV, radio, newspaper, magazine, etc. However, this idea is not always true for some goods like wheat, vegetables, fruits, food grains, medicines and other perishable goods due to their deteriorating nature and this in turn decreases demand for such goods. Deterioration may define as decay, damage, spoilage, evaporation, obsolescence, pilferage. Hence, deterioration effect is a major part in inventory control theory. So in this article demand rate is considered to be a function of selling price, time and occurrence of advertisement instantaneously. Objective: A solution procedure is obtained to find optimal number of price changes and optimal selling price to maximize the total profit. Method: Classical Optimization. Result: From the sensitivity analysis table, it can be seen that the optimal profit is highly sensible to advertisement coefficient and purchase cost. With an increment in rate of deterioration, selling price decreases. Scale demand has reasonable effect on cycle time and selling price. When the value of increase, the cycle length and profit goes on decreasing. Growth in profit is observed if we increase parameter b, higher will be the profit. Price elasticity is sensible parameter with respect to selling price. If backlogging rate increases, the profit will decreases. The inventory parameters holding cost, back order cost and lost sale cost have marginal effect on total profit. Conclusion: In this article, an inventory model is proposed for deteriorating items with variable demand depends upon the advertisement, selling price of the item and time. Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged and backlogging rate depends on the waiting time for the next replenishment. From this article, we can conclude that the parameters are insensible with respect to optimal profit, cycle time and selling price and rest of the parameters have practical output on total profit.
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- 2022
27. Hexokinase Activator Attenuates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Endothelial Dysfunction in HFF-STZ-Induced Diabetic Rat
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Ekta Patel, Divyakant Patel, Kunjal Vegad, Yogesh Patel, Priya Shah, Dhwani Shah, and Nilesh Kanzariya
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General Engineering ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Hexokinase is an enzyme involved in the glucose metabolism pathway. Magnesium is an inherent cofactor of the Hexokinase enzyme. The plethora of literature suggested that hexokinase level was decreased in diabetic rats. Sodium metavanadate shows insulin-mimetic action. We designed this work to determine the effect of magnesium on diabetes and associated vascular complications in rats. Type-2 diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin.. Diabetic rats were divided into groups, i.e. normal, diabetic, magnesium sulfate, sodium metavanadate, a combination of glibenclamide and metformin, a variety of sodium metavanadate with glibenclamide and metformin, and a combination of magnesium sulfate with glibenclamide and metformin. Magnesium sulfate was used as a hexokinase activator. Blood glucose levels were measured before initiation, between, and after 4 weeks of treatment. Biochemical and tissue parameters were estimated for additional confirmation. A vascular study took the contractile response of hydrogen peroxide in rat thoracic aortas of different groups. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed by two-tailed one-way ANOVA followed by the Dunnett test. P-values
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- 2022
28. Investigation of carbon emissions due to COVID-19 vaccine inventory
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Kavita Rabari, Ekta Patel, and Nita H. Shah
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Carbon tax ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,End user ,Strategy and Management ,Holding cost ,Vaccine inventory ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Spoilage of vaccine ,Raw material ,Environmental economics ,Manufacturing cost ,chemistry ,Quality inspection ,Greenhouse gas ,Environmental science ,Original Article ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,Carbon ,Carbon emissions - Abstract
Inventory model for vaccine of COVID-19 pandemic is the subject of analysis in the proposed article. The initial registration for vaccination and vaccination of registered individuals is taken during the period under consideration. The paper considers the utility of vaccine during storage, holding cost, purchase cost, manufacturing cost and inspection cost. A fraction of registered individuals who do not turn up for a vaccination is taken into account. All the actions by the player incur carbon emissions. During the whole procedure of vaccination starting from raw material to end user carbon emissions are observed. Carbon emissions in stocking raw material, during inspection, during purchase activity, during set-up and transportation phase and holding it at point of delivery. Maximum carbon emission of 28% occur during purchase activity followed by 21% during transportation at the point of delivery and stocking it at respective places. To follow green policy, carbon tax is levied. A non-linear formulation of the proposed problem is modelled to compute optimum cycle time without allowing shortages. The convexity of the objective function is established through the numerical data. Analysis of carbon emissions and carbon tax levied is carried out through the data. Research Objective: Carbon Emission is one of a cause for ozone layer depletion. Moreover, it causes many ecological disturbances resulting into several environmental temperature variations. These all problem affect an individual’s health. So, there arise a need to frame a mathematical model to decipher relationship between COVID-19 vaccine inventory and effect of carbon emissions.
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- 2021
29. Abstract 587: A half-life extended, tumor-activated IL-12 increased the infiltration of effector immune cells into the tumor microenvironment and demonstrated anti-tumor activity in syngeneic mouse models
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Natalia Malkova, Ekta Patel, Sallyann Vu, Damiano Fantini, Rebekah O'Donnell, Manoussa Fanny, Justin Greene, Wilson Guzman, David Crowe, Stephanie Hsiao, Parker Johnson, Megan McLaughlin, Oleg Yerov, Kurt Jenkins, Katarina Halpin-Veszeleiova, Hanumantha Rao Madala, Caitlin O'Toole, Jake Taylor, Magali Pederzoli-Ribeil, Benjamin Nicholson, Carl Uli Bialucha, and Jennifer E. O'Neil
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Cancer Research ,Oncology - Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a proinflammatory cytokine, which bridges innate and adaptive immunity via induction of T helper 1 differentiation and promotes cytolytic activity of natural killer and T cells. IL-12 has demonstrated potent antitumor activity in syngeneic mouse models and promising anti-tumor efficacy in humans. However, development of IL-12-based treatments has been limited by severe systemic toxicities in the clinical setting. To overcome toxicity and potentially improve the therapeutic index of IL-12 in a clinical setting, XTX301 was engineered as a half-life extended and masked IL-12. The masking domain of XTX301 is designed to pharmacologically inactivate IL-12 in circulation and non-tumor tissue, while enabling generation of an active IL-12 moiety upon cleavage of a linker sequence by matrix metalloproteinases that are enriched in the tumor microenvironment. To confirm the ability of human tumor associated proteases to activate XTX301, cleavage was assessed in primary human tumor samples and in plasma from cancer patients. We observed cleavage of XTX301 in the majority of human tumors samples tested, but no activation was observed in plasma from cancer patients. Human IL-12 does not bind and signal through the mouse IL-12 receptors, hence three murine surrogates were created for in vivo studies: mXTX301, a non-cleavable control, and an unmasked control molecule. Tumor growth inhibition was observed after a single dose of mXTX301 as low as 0.039 mg/kg. The non-cleavable form of mXTX301 was less potent than mXTX301, demonstrating that the anti-tumor activity of mXTX301 is dependent on protease activation. The unmasked control was not well tolerated, with a > 20% body weight loss observed by Day 6, resulting in 75% of animals being euthanized by Day 11. Unlike the unmasked control, mXTX301 was well-tolerated at all tested doses, as evidenced by no loss in animals’ body weights, and demonstrated minimal pharmacodynamic activity in non-tumor tissues. In tumors, mXTX301 stimulated the infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and induced the expression of several immune-related genes including those associated with IFN-γ cell signaling, antigen processing and presentation, and defense response as well as enrichment of gene signatures for T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages and dendritic cells as determined by RNA sequencing. In non-human primates, the highest non-severely toxic dose of XTX301 was 2mg/kg dosed weekly for a total of 4 doses. In summary, a half-life extended tumor-activated IL-12 molecule, mXTX301, demonstrated anti-tumor activity in preclinical mouse models with improved tolerability compared to a systemically active IL-12 molecule suggesting that XTX301 has potential for exerting potent anti-tumor activity while widening the therapeutic index of IL-12 treatment. Citation Format: Natalia Malkova, Ekta Patel, Sallyann Vu, Damiano Fantini, Rebekah O'Donnell, Manoussa Fanny, Justin Greene, Wilson Guzman, David Crowe, Stephanie Hsiao, Parker Johnson, Megan McLaughlin, Oleg Yerov, Kurt Jenkins, Katarina Halpin-Veszeleiova, Hanumantha Rao Madala, Caitlin O'Toole, Jake Taylor, Magali Pederzoli-Ribeil, Benjamin Nicholson, Carl Uli Bialucha, Jennifer E. O'Neil. A half-life extended, tumor-activated IL-12 increased the infiltration of effector immune cells into the tumor microenvironment and demonstrated anti-tumor activity in syngeneic mouse models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 587.
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- 2023
30. The Orbital Histories of Magellanic Satellites Using Gaia DR2 Proper Motions
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Ekta Patel, Nitya Kallivayalil, Nicolas Garavito-Camargo, Gurtina Besla, Daniel R. Weisz, Roeland P. van der Marel, Michael Boylan-Kolchin, Marcel S. Pawlowski, and Facundo A. Gómez
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- 2020
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31. ACCELERATING INNOVATIVE DRUG DISCOVERY WITH THE PSYCHIATRY CONSORTIUM
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Ekta Patel
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Pharmacology ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neurology ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Neurology (clinical) ,Biological Psychiatry - Published
- 2022
32. Inventory and preservation investment for deteriorating system with stock-dependent demand and partial backlogged shortages
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Kavita Rabari, Nita H. Shah, and Ekta Patel
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Total cost ,Economic shortage ,stock-dependent demand ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Environmental economics ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,sensitivity ,Convexity ,Deterioration rate ,Cycle time ,Decision variables ,T58.6-58.62 ,Business ,Management information systems ,deterioration ,preservation technology investment ,backlogging ,Stock (geology) ,shortages - Abstract
The model deals with the stock-dependent demand as exhibiting a huge volume of commodities leads to draw more costumers and augment the trading of the goods. Objects like vegetables, fruits, medicines start getting deteriorate after some period of time that results in economical and financial loss. By taking care of this factor a constant deterioration rate is considered as controllable by the use of suitable preservation technologies. Preservation technology investments are made for a valuable business as it helps to decrease the rate of deterioration. This model allows shortages, and back-ordering is permissible to manage the loss that occurs due to perishable objects and shortages. The objective is to find the optimal cycle time, preservation technology cost, and positive inventory time. The paper also proves the convexity of the total cost through graphs with respect to decision variables. A sensitivity analysis of decision variables, with respect to different inventory parameters, is carried out to modify the model.
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- 2021
33. Adolescent Experiences with Social Media and Suicidality
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Matthew Kline, Ashley M. Metcalf, Ekta Patel, Elizabeth L. Chang, and Margaret B. Nguyen
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Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health - Abstract
Examine social media experiences of the suicidal adolescent presenting to the Emergency Department with an acute mental health crisis.We used qualitative interviews to obtain in-depth understanding of both negative and positive impacts of social media use on acute adolescent suicidal behavior. A bilingual transcriptionist transcribed audio recordings. Three investigators independently reviewed transcripts to identify themes and develop initial coding scheme through "open coding." Using grounded theory, data collection proceeded along with cultivation of themes until thematic saturation was achieved. Thematic saturation was determined when no new themes were generated from the data. Data were coded in Dedoose software to facilitate reporting of themes and quotes. Techniques to ensure trustworthiness included iterative data collection, use of a coding framework, and multiple coders.Seventeen interviews were conducted from May to October 2020. Median participant age was 15 years. Twenty-four percent were of Hispanic ethnicity and 82% identified as cisgender. Major themes include distraction from negative emotions; facilitated communication resulting in improved social connectedness; metric of connectedness; comparison of self to others; and desensitization and normalization to suicidal acts. Minor theme of increased time on social media is also discussed. These themes echoed components of current suicide theory.Acutely suicidal adolescents report social media experiences that reflect themes of social alienation and learned capacity for suicidal acts. Themes echo components of current suicide theory. Our participants also reported positive uses of social media. These protective experiences should be leveraged to inform strategies to interrupt behaviors leading to acute suicidality.This study brings to the literature direct accounts of suicidal adolescents and their lived experiences with social media at the point of a mental health emergency. These experiences can inform strategies to interrupt behaviors leading to suicidality.
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- 2022
34. Illegal Wildlife Trade in the Mekong
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Songkhun Nillasithanukroh, Ekta Patel, Edmund Malesky, and Erika Weinthal
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This chapter examines the illegal wildlife trade (IWT) in the Mekong, with particular attention to how political economic factors and legal structures shape actors’ interests and incentives. The current literature on wildlife trafficking mainly attributes wildlife protection failures to weak enforcement. However, this literature has paid little attention to the underlying factors that contribute to the weak enforcement of wildlife laws. This chapter applies a political economy analysis to better understand the role of each actor from the point of wildlife sourcing to end consumption. It also explains why effectively enforcing wildlife laws is difficult and is often not in the interest of wildlife officials. This chapter thus examines why actors along IWT supply chains engage in illegal activities and do not abide by conservation laws. With rising demand for wildlife products, particularly because of increasing economic prosperity, the survival of many endangered species is under threat. Despite growing calls for total bans of wildlife trade or trade regulations to prevent overharvesting, these frequently fail to achieve conservation goals if they do not consider the local political economy context. This chapter focuses on the global IWT hotspots of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia, analyzing how legal frameworks shape local political economies and showing why IWT is a pervasive problem in the region.
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- 2022
35. Greening efforts and deteriorating inventory policies for price-sensitive stock-dependent demand
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Nita H. Shah, Kavita Rabari, and Ekta Patel
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Information Systems and Management ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Information Systems ,Management Information Systems - Published
- 2022
36. The Triangulum Extended (TREX) Survey: The Stellar Disk Dynamics of M33 as a Function of Stellar Age
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Amanda C. N. Quirk, Puragra Guhathakurta, Karoline M. Gilbert, Laurent Chemin, Julianne J. Dalcanton, Benjamin F. Williams, Anil Seth, Ekta Patel, Justin T. Fung, Pujita Tangirala, and Ibrahim Yusufali
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Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
Triangulum, M33, is a low mass, relatively undisturbed spiral galaxy that offers a new regime in which to test models of dynamical heating. In spite of its proximity, the dynamical heating history of M33 has not yet been well constrained. In this work, we present the TREX Survey, the largest stellar spectroscopic survey across the disk of M33. We present the stellar disk kinematics as a function of age to study the past and ongoing dynamical heating of M33. We measure line of sight velocities for ~4,500 disk stars. Using a subset, we divide the stars into broad age bins using Hubble Space Telescope and Canada-France-Hawaii-Telescope photometric catalogs: massive main sequence stars and helium burning stars (~80 Myr), intermediate mass asymptotic branch stars (~1 Gyr), and low mass red giant branch stars (~4 Gyr). We compare the stellar disk dynamics to that of the gas using existing HI, CO, and Halpha kinematics. We find that the disk of M33 has relatively low velocity dispersion (~16 km/s), and unlike in the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies, there is no strong trend in velocity dispersion as a function of stellar age. The youngest disk stars are as dynamically hot as the oldest disk stars and are dynamically hotter than predicted by most M33 like low mass simulated analogs in Illustris. The velocity dispersion of the young stars is highly structured, with the large velocity dispersion fairly localized. The cause of this high velocity dispersion is not evident from the observations and simulated analogs presented here., Comment: 27 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables
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- 2022
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37. The Hubble Space Telescope Survey of M31 Satellite Galaxies. I. RR Lyrae–based Distances and Refined 3D Geometric Structure
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Alessandro Savino, Daniel R. Weisz, Evan D. Skillman, Andrew Dolphin, Nitya Kallivayalil, Andrew Wetzel, Jay Anderson, Gurtina Besla, Michael Boylan-Kolchin, James S. Bullock, Andrew A. Cole, Michelle L. M. Collins, M. C. Cooper, Alis J. Deason, Aaron L. Dotter, Mark Fardal, Annette M. N. Ferguson, Tobias K. Fritz, Marla C. Geha, Karoline M. Gilbert, Puragra Guhathakurta, Rodrigo Ibata, Michael J. Irwin, Myoungwon Jeon, Evan Kirby, Geraint F. Lewis, Dougal Mackey, Steven R. Majewski, Nicolas Martin, Alan McConnachie, Ekta Patel, R. Michael Rich, Joshua D. Simon, Sangmo Tony Sohn, Erik J. Tollerud, Roeland P. van der Marel, Savino, A [0000-0002-1445-4877], Weisz, DR [0000-0002-6442-6030], Skillman, ED [0000-0003-0605-8732], Kallivayalil, N [0000-0002-3204-1742], Wetzel, A [0000-0003-0603-8942], Anderson, J [0000-0003-2861-3995], Besla, G [0000-0003-0715-2173], Boylan-Kolchin, M [0000-0002-9604-343X], Cole, AA [0000-0003-0303-3855], Collins, MLM [0000-0002-1693-3265], Cooper, MC [0000-0003-1371-6019], Deason, AJ [0000-0001-6146-2645], Fritz, TK [0000-0002-3122-300X], Geha, MC [0000-0002-7007-9725], Gilbert, KM [0000-0003-0394-8377], Ibata, R [0000-0002-3292-9709], Irwin, MJ [0000-0002-2191-9038], Lewis, GF [0000-0003-3081-9319], Mackey, D [0000-0002-6529-8093], Patel, E [0000-0002-9820-1219], Michael Rich, R [0000-0003-0427-8387], Simon, JD [0000-0002-4733-4994], Sohn, ST [0000-0001-8368-0221], van der Marel, RP [0000-0001-7827-7825], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,5109 Space Sciences ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,51 Physical Sciences - Abstract
We measure homogeneous distances to M31 and 38 associated stellar systems ($-$16.8$\le M_V \le$ $-$6.0), using time-series observations of RR Lyrae stars taken as part of the Hubble Space Telescope Treasury Survey of M31 Satellites. From $>700$ orbits of new/archival ACS imaging, we identify $>4700$ RR Lyrae stars and determine their periods and mean magnitudes to a typical precision of 0.01 days and 0.04 mag. Based on Period-Wesenheit-Metallicity relationships consistent with the Gaia eDR3 distance scale, we uniformly measure heliocentric and M31-centric distances to a typical precision of $\sim20$ kpc (3%) and $\sim10$ kpc (8%), respectively. We revise the 3D structure of the M31 galactic ecosystem and: (i) confirm a highly anisotropic spatial distribution such that $\sim80$% of M31's satellites reside on the near side of M31; this feature is not easily explained by observational effects; (ii) affirm the thin (rms $7-23$ kpc) planar "arc" of satellites that comprises roughly half (15) of the galaxies within 300 kpc from M31; (iii) reassess physical proximity of notable associations such as the NGC 147/185 pair and M33/AND XXII; and (iv) illustrate challenges in tip-of-the-red-giant branch distances for galaxies with $M_V > -9.5$, which can be biased by up to 35%. We emphasize the importance of RR Lyrae for accurate distances to faint galaxies that should be discovered by upcoming facilities (e.g., Rubin Observatory). We provide updated luminosities and sizes for our sample. Our distances will serve as the basis for future investigation of the star formation and orbital histories of the entire known M31 satellite system., 32 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication on ApJ
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- 2022
38. EPQ Model to Price-sensitive Stock Dependent Demand with Carbon Emission under Green and Preservation Technology Investment
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NITA, SHAH, primary, EKTA, PATEL, additional, and KAVITA, RABARI, additional
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- 2022
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39. Asymmetric drift of Andromeda analogues in the IllustrisTNG simulation
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Ekta Patel and Amanda C. N. Quirk
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Physics ,Andromeda Galaxy ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Stellar rotation ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Kinematics ,Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,01 natural sciences ,Galaxy ,Andromeda ,Stars ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,0103 physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Center of mass ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Galaxy rotation curve - Abstract
We analyze the kinematics as a function of stellar age for Andromeda (M31) mass analogs from the IllustrisTNG cosmological simulation. We divide the star particles into four age groups: less than 1 Gyr, 1 to 5 Gyr, 5 to 10 Gyr, and greater 10 Gyr, and compare the kinematics of these groups to that of the neutral gas cells. We calculate rotation curves for the stellar and gaseous components of each analog from 2 kpc to 20 kpc from the center of mass. We find that the lag, or asymmetric drift (AD), between the gas rotation curve and the stellar rotation curve on average increases with stellar age. This finding is consistent with observational measurements of AD in the disk of the Andromeda galaxy. When the M31 analogs are separated into groups based on merger history, we find that there is a difference in the AD of the analogs that have had a 4:1 merger the last 4 Gyr, 8 Gyr, or 12 Gyr compared to analogs that have not experienced a 4:1 merger in the same time frame. The subset of analogs that have had a 4:1 merger within the last 4 Gyr are also similar to AD measurements of stars in the disk of M31, providing evidence that M31 may in fact have recently merged with a galaxy nearly one fourth of its mass. Further work using high resolution zoom in simulations is required to explore the contribution of internal heating to AD., 14 pages, 11 figures, accepted to MNRAS for publication July 20, 2020
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- 2020
40. 719 XTX301, a protein-engineered IL-12, exhibits tumor-selective activity in mice without peripheral toxicities and is well tolerated in non-human primates
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Natalia Malkova, Bill Avery, Ronan C. O'Hagan, Parker Johnson, Jennifer O’Neil, Rebekah O'Donnell, Hanumantha Rao Madala, Kurt Jenkins, Caitlin O’Toole, Ekta Patel, Benjamin Nicholson, Sallyann Vu, Magali Pederzoli-Ribeil, Jia Chen, Wilson Guzman, Manoussa Fanny, Oleg Yerov, Megan McLaughlin, and Huawei Qiu
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Pharmacology ,Cancer Research ,Reporter gene ,Proteases ,Tumor microenvironment ,Chemistry ,Immunology ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Therapeutic index ,Oncology ,In vivo ,Interleukin 12 ,Molecular Medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Receptor ,RC254-282 - Abstract
BackgroundInterleukin-12 (IL-12) is a proinflammatory cytokine which bridges innate and adaptive immunity via induction of T helper 1 differentiation and promoting cytolytic activity of natural killer and T cells. IL-12 has demonstrated potent antitumor activity in syngeneic mouse models and promising anti-tumor efficacy in humans. However, development of IL-12 has been limited by severe systemic toxicities. To overcome toxicity and improve the therapeutic index of IL-12, we employed protein engineering to generate XTX301, a highly potent, half-life extended and masked IL-12. The masking domain of XTX301 is designed to pharmacologically inactivate IL-12 systemically and render an active IL-12 moiety upon cleavage by proteases that are enriched in the tumor microenvironment.MethodsWe conducted experiments to assess the binding, bioactivity, safety, and anti-tumor efficacy of XTX301. Binding interactions were measured via SPR, bioactivity was measured using STAT-4 phosphorylation in a reporter cell line, and IFN-g production was assessed in human PBMCs via ELISA. Anti-tumor efficacy and pharmacodynamics were assessed in MC38 and B16F10 syngeneic tumor mouse models using a XTX301 murine surrogate, mXTX301. Safety and pharmacokinetics of XTX301 were evaluated in non-human primates (NHP).ResultsXTX301 showed no detectable binding to the high affinity IL12RB2 demonstrating that the masking domain indeed prevents interaction with the receptor. Upon cleavage of the masking domain by relevant proteases, binding was observed and was comparable to XTX300 unmasked control. Likewise, restoration of activity upon proteolytic cleavage was observed in an IL-12-dependent reporter gene assay and in primary human PBMCs. Human IL-12 does not cross react with mouse IL-12 receptors; hence a murine surrogate (mXTX301) was created for in vivo anti-tumor efficacy evaluation. A single dose of mXTX301 demonstrated up to 90% tumor growth inhibition in an inflamed MC38 and non-inflamed B16F10 syngeneic mouse models. mXTX301 induced a ~3 fold increase in IFN-g in tumors compared to vehicle control and ~150 fold less peripheral IFN-g compared to mXTX300. XTX301 exhibits minimal elevation in liver enzymes and a 50-fold improvement in tolerability compared to XTX300, in a repeat dose NHP safety study.ConclusionsOur data demonstrates that both XTX301 and mXTX301 are inactive when in masked form and become activated upon proteolytic cleavage to exert bioactivity comparable to recombinant IL-12. For efficacy, mXTX301 demonstrated tumor selective activity in syngeneic mouse models. XTX301 was well tolerated in repeat dose NHP safety study. In conclusion, XTX301 has potential for exerting potent anti-tumor activity with a favorable tolerability profile.
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- 2021
41. Antimicrobial Resistance in Africa—How to Relieve the Burden on Family Farmers
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Marion Bordier, Barbara Wieland, Flavie Goutard, François Roger, Ekta Patel, Alexis Delabouglise, Muriel Figuié, Marisa Peyre, Charlotte Dehays, Alexandre Hobeika, Christian Lienhardt, Arshnee Moodley, Christian Ducrot, Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) (UMR MoISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), International Livestock Research Institute [CGIAR, Nairobi] (ILRI), International Livestock Research Institute [CGIAR, Ethiopie] (ILRI), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Laboratoire National d'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires [Dakar] (LNERV), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine [Kasetsart University, Thaïlande], Kasetsart University (KU)-Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Université Eduardo Mondlane, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), LESUR, Hélène, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)
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antibiotic resistance ,Epidemiology ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Psychological intervention ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,0403 veterinary science ,Anti-Infective Agents ,Antimicrobial Resistance in Africa—How to Relieve the Burden on Family Farmers ,Socioeconomics ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Farmers ,Enquête ,Qualitative interviews ,1. No poverty ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Antimicrobial ,3. Good health ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Infectious Diseases ,Perspective ,Medicine ,Public Health ,Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Veterinary Drugs ,agriculture familiale ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Exploitation agricole familiale ,farms animals ,L75 - Pharmacologie et toxicologie ,family farmers ,Agent pathogène ,antimicrobials ,03 medical and health sciences ,Antibiotic resistance ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,antimicrobial resistance ,030304 developmental biology ,business.industry ,Public health ,L01 - Élevage - Considérations générales ,Antimicrobial use ,Agriculture ,Africa ,Business ,Antimicrobien ,Résistance aux antimicrobiens - Abstract
International audience; Although currently available data indicate that Africa has the lowest usage of antimicrobials in animals in the world (adjusted by animal biomass), data show a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in foodborne pathogens isolated from animals and animal products. Apart from the lack of solid data on antimicrobial use in many countries in Africa, diff erent hypotheses could explain this situation. Qualitative interviews of farmers show a lack of knowledge and uninformed use of antimicrobials. Considering the development of animal farming to meet an increasing demand for proteins, this defi ciency represents a serious public health issue. We advocate for policies that consider the specifi c challenges faced by family farmers in Africa, to simultaneously improve access to veterinary drugs while strengthening the regulation of their use. We propose a global approach targeting the agri-food system, off ering innovative social and technical interventions on antimicrobial usage, adapted to family farmers.
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- 2021
42. The Clustering of Orbital Poles Induced by the LMC: Hints for the Origin of Planes of Satellites
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Nicolás Garavito-Camargo, Ekta Patel, Gurtina Besla, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Facundo A. Gómez, Chervin F. P. Laporte, Kathryn V. Johnston, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), National Science Foundation (US), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), European Commission, and Max Planck Society
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010308 nuclear & particles physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Milky Way Galaxy ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,0103 physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
A significant fraction of Milky Way (MW) satellites exhibit phase-space properties consistent with a coherent orbital plane. Using tailored N--body simulations of a spherical MW halo that recently captured a massive (1.8$\times 10^{11}$M$\odot$) LMC-like satellite, we identify the physical mechanisms that may enhance the clustering of orbital poles of objects orbiting the MW. The LMC deviates the orbital poles of MW dark matter (DM) particles from the present-day random distribution. Instead, the orbital poles of particles beyond $R\approx 50$kpc cluster near the present-day orbital pole of the LMC along a sinusoidal pattern across the sky. The density of orbital poles is enhanced near the LMC by a factor $\delta \rho_{max}$=30\%(50\%) with respect to underdense regions, and $\delta \rho_{iso}$=15\%(30\%) relative to the isolated MW simulation (no LMC) between 50-150 kpc (150-300 kpc). The clustering appears after the LMC's pericenter ($\approx$ 50 Myr ago, 49 kpc) and lasts for at least 1 Gyr. Clustering occurs because of three effects: 1) the LMC shifts the velocity and position of the central density of the MW's halo and disk; 2) the DM dynamical friction wake and collective response induced by the LMC changes the kinematics of particles; 3) observations of particles selected within spatial planes suffer from a bias, such that measuring orbital poles in a great circle in the sky enhances the probability of their orbital poles being clustered. This scenario should be ubiquitous in hosts that recently captured a massive satellite (at least $\approx$ 1:10 mass ratio), causing the clustering of orbital poles of halo tracers., Comment: Submitted to ApJ. 23 pages and 16 figures. Comments are welcome
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- 2021
43. Star Formation Histories of Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies: environmental differences between Magellanic and non-Magellanic satellites?
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Yumi Choi, Gurtina Besla, Steven R. Majewski, Paul Zivick, Andrew Wetzel, Thomas M. Brown, Mattia Libralato, Alis J. Deason, Sangmo Tony Sohn, T. K. Fritz, Myoungwon Jeon, Erik Tollerud, Roeland P. van der Marel, Puragra Guhathakurta, Evan N. Kirby, Joshua D. Simon, Ekta Patel, Nitya Kallivayalil, Marla Geha, Elena Sacchi, and Hannah Richstein
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Physics ,Stellar mass ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Star formation ,Milky Way ,Local Group ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astronomy & Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Galaxy ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,0103 physical sciences ,Galaxy formation and evolution ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Large Magellanic Cloud ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Astronomical and Space Sciences ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Dwarf galaxy - Abstract
We present the color-magnitude diagrams and star formation histories (SFHs) of seven ultra-faint dwarf galaxies: Horologium 1, Hydra 2, Phoenix 2, Reticulum 2, Sagittarius 2, Triangulum 2, and Tucana 2, derived from high-precision Hubble Space Telescope photometry. We find that the SFH of each galaxy is consistent with them having created at least 80% of the stellar mass by $z\sim6$. For all galaxies, we find quenching times older than 11.5 Gyr ago, compatible with the scenario in which reionization suppresses the star formation of small dark matter halos. However, our analysis also reveals some differences in the SFHs of candidate Magellanic Cloud satellites, i.e., galaxies that are likely satellites of the Large Magellanic Cloud and that entered the Milky Way potential only recently. Indeed, Magellanic satellites show quenching times about 600 Myr more recent with respect to those of other Milky Way satellites, on average, even though the respective timings are still compatible within the errors. This finding is consistent with theoretical models that suggest that satellites' SFHs may depend on their host environment at early times, although we caution that within the error bars all galaxies in our sample are consistent with being quenched at a single epoch., 7 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJL
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- 2021
44. Structural Parameters and Possible Association of the Ultra-faint Dwarfs Pegasus III and Pisces II from Deep Hubble Space Telescope Photometry
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Hannah Richstein, Ekta Patel, Nitya Kallivayalil, Joshua D. Simon, Paul Zivick, Erik Tollerud, Tobias Fritz, Jack T. Warfield, Gurtina Besla, Roeland P. van der Marel, Andrew Wetzel, Yumi Choi, Alis Deason, Marla Geha, Puragra Guhathakurta, Myoungwon Jeon, Evan N. Kirby, Mattia Libralato, Elena Sacchi, and Sangmo Tony Sohn
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Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We present deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry of the ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) galaxies Pegasus III (Peg III) and Pisces II (Psc II), two of the most distant satellites in the halo of the Milky Way (MW). We measure the structure of both galaxies, derive mass-to-light ratios with newly determined absolute magnitudes, and compare our findings to expectations from UFD-mass simulations. For Peg III, we find an elliptical half-light radius of $a_h{{=}}1.88^{+0.42}_{-0.33}$ arcminutes ($118^{+31}_{-30}$ pc) and $M_V{=}{-4.17}^{+0.19}_{-0.22}$; for Psc II, we measure $a_h{=}1.31^{+0.10}_{-0.09}$ arcminutes ($69\pm8$ pc) and $M_V{=}{-4.28}^{+0.19}_{-0.16}$. We do not find any morphological features that indicate a significant interaction between the two has occurred, despite their close separation of only $\sim$40 kpc. Using proper motions (PMs) from Gaia early Data Release 3, we investigate the possibility of any past association by integrating orbits for the two UFDs in a MW-only and a combined MW and Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) potential. We find that including the gravitational influence of the LMC is crucial, even for these outer-halo satellites, and that a possible orbital history exists where Peg III and Psc II experienced a close ($\sim$10-20 kpc) passage about each other just over $\sim$1 Gyr ago, followed by a collective passage around the LMC ($\sim$30-60 kpc) just under $\sim$1 Gyr ago. Considering the large uncertainties on the PMs and the restrictive priors imposed to derive them, improved PM measurements for Peg III and Psc II will be necessary to clarify their relationship. This would add to the rare findings of confirmed pairs of satellites within the Local Group., Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures; submitted to ApJ
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- 2022
45. Synthetic TRuC receptors engaging the complete T cell receptor for potent anti-tumor response
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Ekta Patel, Jessica Gierut, G. Christian Baldeviano, Niko Thorausch, Solly Weiler, Bonnie Le, Janani Krishnamurthy, Jian Ding, Marcela V. Maus, Patrick A. Baeuerle, Robert Hofmeister, Qi Wei, Irene Scarfò, Patrick Tavares, Olga Kiner, Wolfgang W. A. Schamel, Daniel Getts, Justin Quinn, Rashmi Choudhary, Holly Horton, and Anna Morath
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medicine.medical_treatment ,Recombinant Fusion Proteins ,T-Lymphocytes ,Science ,Antigens, CD19 ,Primary Cell Culture ,Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Cancer immunotherapy ,Immunotherapy, Adoptive ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Mice ,Antigen ,Protein Domains ,Antigens, Neoplasm ,Mice, Inbred NOD ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Neoplasms ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,T-cell receptor ,Receptor ,lcsh:Science ,B cell ,Multidisciplinary ,Cell therapies ,Chemistry ,Receptors, Artificial ,General Chemistry ,Immunotherapy ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,Chimeric antigen receptor ,Cell biology ,Cytokine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Treatment Outcome ,Cell culture ,Preclinical research ,lcsh:Q ,Female ,human activities ,Single-Chain Antibodies - Abstract
T cells expressing CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) reveal high efficacy in the treatment of B cell malignancies. Here, we report that T cell receptor fusion constructs (TRuCs) comprising an antibody-based binding domain fused to T cell receptor (TCR) subunits can effectively reprogram an intact TCR complex to recognize tumor surface antigens. Unlike CARs, TRuCs become a functional component of the TCR complex. TRuC-T cells kill tumor cells as potently as second-generation CAR-T cells, but at significant lower cytokine release and despite the absence of an extra co-stimulatory domain. TRuC-T cells demonstrate potent anti-tumor activity in both liquid and solid tumor xenograft models. In several models, TRuC-T cells are more efficacious than respective CAR-T cells. TRuC-T cells are shown to engage the signaling capacity of the entire TCR complex in an HLA-independent manner., Supraphysiological T cell activation by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) contributes to T cell exhaustion and adverse events in CAR T cell therapies. Here the authors engineer a synthetic antigen receptor that integrates into the endogenous TCR complex, preserving natural regulatory circuits and achieving improved performance in mouse tumor models.
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- 2019
46. Development and Implementation of an Earlier Refeeding after Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) Guideline for Non-Surgical NEC
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Rita M. Ryan, Ekta Patel, and Aaron P. Lesher
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Adverse outcomes ,Necrotizing enterocolitis ,medicine ,Enteral feeds ,Guideline ,Intensive care medicine ,medicine.disease ,business ,digestive system diseases ,Consensus guideline - Abstract
Background: For infants with NEC treated non-surgically, there is no consensus for when to re-initiate enteral feeds after NEC. In a previous meta-analysis, earlier refeeding (4-7 days after diagnosis of NEC) suggested a decreased incidence of the combined adverse outcome (NEC recurrence or stricture) and possible other benefits. Based on this analysis, we implemented a standardized guideline for non-surgical NEC through a consensus survey of key stakeholders involved in the decision to start refeeding at our institution. We aimed to implement and monitor a multidisciplinary clinical consensus guideline to …
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- 2021
47. An Inventory Model for Deteriorating Items with Constant Demand Under Two-Level Trade-Credit Policies
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Kavita Rabari, Ekta Patel, and Nita H. Shah
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Microeconomics ,Balance (accounting) ,Trade credit ,Total cost ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Economics ,Perfect competition ,Payment ,Constant (mathematics) ,Function (engineering) ,Convexity ,media_common - Abstract
In today’s competitive market, inventory management is a difficult job for every business enterprises. Objects are getting deteriorate after some period of time and result into economic loss. Keeping this in mind, this inventory model is for perishable objects where the rate of deterioration is considered to be constant with a constant demand rate. To reflect the real-life situation, the model explores a two-level trade-credit policy, i.e. the supplier offers certain credit period to the retailer and simultaneously the retailer permits a permissible delay in payment to the consumers that helps to increase the demand. If the retailer clears its entire amount during the end of first credit period, then the retailer can utilize it to earn interest. Moreover, if the retailer fails to clear the account by the end of first period, then he/she is allowed to pay off the balance after first credit period or by the end of second credit period. Here, the financial loans can be reduced through constant demand and interest earned. This paper uses a classical optimization method and calculated several numerical examples to elaborate the model. Convexity of cost function is proved through graphs. The objective of the paper is to minimize the total cost with respect to the inventory cycle time. At last, sensitivity analysis is done to study the effects of varying inventory parameters on decision variable and optimal solution.
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- 2021
48. Disorders of Nails
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Deep N. Shah, Dan Wu, Kate Heineman, Patricia Chang, Amar Gulati, Julie Lin, Tracey C. Vlahovic, Jennifer Levi, Christopher Fung, Stephen Sinclair-Hall, Ruben Nunez, Suraj Hansalia, Luke Sicilia, Cassandre Aman, Anthony Camarda, Roberto Arenas, Vsevolod Grinberg, Brian Haven, Neha Atyam, Andrew Gunter, Veronika Boulantsova, Christine Rihn, Anthony Samaan, Ethan Hyde, Namrata Daru, Daniel Asz-Sigall, Ekta Patel, Jennifer Roberts, Sara Mateen, and Sergio Leal-Osuna
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business.industry ,Medicine ,business - Published
- 2021
49. Metallicity Distribution Function of the Eridanus~II Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxy from Hubble Space Telescope Narrow-band Imaging
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Sal Wanying Fu, Daniel R. Weisz, Else Starkenburg, Nicolas Martin, Alexander P. Ji, Ekta Patel, Michael Boylan-Kolchin, Patrick Côté, Andrew E. Dolphin, Nicolas Longeard, Mario L. Mateo, Nathan R. Sandford, and Astronomy
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star-formation ,globular-cluster ,cosmological simulations ,stellar populations ,metal abundances ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,draco ii ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,giant stars ,milky-way ,pristine survey ,spectroscopic confirmation - Abstract
We use deep narrowband Ca H&K ($F395N$) imaging taken with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to construct the metallicity distribution function (MDF) of Local Group (LG) ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) galaxy Eridanus II (Eri II). When combined with archival $F475W$ and $F814W$ data, we measure metallicities for 60 resolved red giant branch stars as faint as $m_{F475W}\sim24$ mag, a factor of $\sim4$x more stars than current spectroscopic MDF determinations. We find that Eri II has a mean metallicity of [Fe/H]$=$-2.50$^{+0.07}_{-0.07}$ and a dispersion of $��_{\mbox{[Fe/H]}}=0.42^{+0.06}_{-0.06}$, which are consistent with spectroscopic MDFs, though more precisely constrained owing to a larger sample. We identify a handful of extremely metal-poor star candidates (EMP; [Fe/H] $< -3$) that are marginally bright enough for spectroscopic follow up. Eri II's MDF appears well-described by a leaky box chemical evolution model. We also compute an updated orbital history for Eri II using Gaia eDR3 proper motions, and find that it is likely on first infall into the Milky Way. Our findings suggest that Eri II underwent an evolutionary history similar to that of an isolated galaxy. Compared to MDFs for select cosmological simulations of similar mass galaxies, we find that Eri II has a lower fraction of stars with [Fe/H] $< -3$, though such comparisons should currently be treated with caution due to a paucity of simulations, selection effects, and known limitations of Ca H&K for EMPs. This study demonstrates the power of deep HST CaHK imaging for measuring the MDFs of UFDs., Resubmitted to ApJ with revisions following a positive referee report of the initial draft; 29 pages, 19 figures, and 3 tables, including appendix. Comments welcome!
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- 2021
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50. Upper-Lower Bounds for the Profit of an Inventory System Under Price-Stock Life Time Dependent Demand
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Nita H. Shah, Ekta Patel, and Kavita Rabari
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Profit (accounting) ,Demand rate ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Econometrics ,Holding cost ,Life time ,Economics ,Inventory system ,Function (engineering) ,Upper and lower bounds ,Stock (geology) ,media_common - Abstract
Price is the most important factor influencing demand rate based on marketing and economic theory. Along with price, stock display is also a major factor, as displayed stocks may induce customers to purchase more due to its visibility. Moreover, the demand for perishable products depends on its freshness. However, relatively little devotion has been paid to the influence of expiration dates despite the fact that they are an important factor in consumers’ purchase decisions. As a result, we develop an inventory model for perishable products in which demand explicitly in a multivariate function of price, displayed stocks, and expiration dates. We then formulate the model by determining the optimal selling price to maximize the total profit by using classical optimization method with the necessary condition given by Kuhn-Tucker. Furthermore, we discuss the optimal decisions under two scenarios: upper bound of profit and lower bound of profit by taking holding cost as a function of upper and lower bound respectively. Finally, a numerical example is demonstrated along with sensitivity analysis to describe the impact of inventory parameters on the optimal decisions.
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- 2021
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