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Plants belonging to the Fabaceae family have great importance in animal nutrition and the protection of human health (antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular). Onobrychis, known as a potent antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial agent, its high phenolic substance is one of the important genera of this family. In this study, chloroform (OAC), ethanol (OAE), and water (OAW) extract of Onobrychis argyrea subsp. argyrea (O. argyrea) specie was prepared; and the antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities were investigated. The antiproliferative effects of the extracts were evaluated on different cancer cell lines by XTT colourimetric method. OAE demonstrated the most excellent efficacy against all cell lines, according to the findings. MCF-7 83.71%, A549 92.14%, and HT-29 72.24% were all inhibited. The antimicrobial activity of OAE and OAW extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus pneumoniae was determined using the disc-diffusion technique. Finally, antioxidant power was determined using DPPH and FRAP methods. In the DPPH research, OAE and OAW extracts showed the highest levels of inhibition (IC50: 34.12±0.2 and 21.58±0.12, respectively). OAE (257.95±1.40) and OAW (282.14±0.83) extracts showed high activity with similar results in the FRAP method. Total phenolic content was determined as 226.15±1.89 mg GAE/g for OAE and 146.52±0.71 mg GAE/g for OAW, respectively. These results show that the species is an essential source of antioxidants. These studies are the first data for Onobrychis argyrea subsp. argyrea. All these results show that the plant has various biological activities and rich secondary metabolites.

We examined the effects of two different drugs (cladribine and mitoxantrone), which are frequently used in chemotherapeutic treatment, on human serum paraoxanase1 (PON1) enzyme activity in vitro. Chemotherapeutic drugs decreased in vitro PON1 activity. Cladribine and mitoxantrone inhibition mechanism were not competitive inhibitors. IC50 values for cladribine and mitoxantrone were calculated as 0.077 mM and 0.099 mM, respectively, and Ki constants were calculated as 0.057 ± 0.016 mM and 0.067 ± 0.027 mM, respectively. IC50 and Ki values showed that cladribine has a stronger inhibition. The results we found showed that these drugs, which are frequently used in chemotherapeutic treatment, inhibit enzyme activity with the same inhibition mechanisms at low doses.

Studies on the lethal effects of plants on harmful microorganisms have made them an important and valuable resource for health. Turkey, wherefore the junction center of three phytogeographic regions, is home to numerous medicinal and aromatic plants with its rich flora. L. canescens is a perennial plant that grows in a geography extending from Turkey to Iran, and there are studies on the plant only on its antioxidant capacity and essential oil content. In this study, antimicrobial activity of hexane, ethylacetate, methanol and water extracts of aerial parts of L. canescens, which has known as “Topajdarbaşı” in Turkey, was investigated. Plant samples were collected from Pöske Mount in Erzincan. Antimicrobial activities of extracts were evaluated using disc diffusion method against Gram-negative bacterias (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, colistin-resistant Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive bacterias (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae). To conclude, hexane, ethylacetate and methanol extracts of L. canescens showed considerable antimicrobial activity against S.aureus, E.faecalis, S.pneumoniae strains.

Secondary metabolites of Tanacetum alyssifolium (Bornm.) Grierson (Asteraceae) were investigated for the first time. Thirteen compounds including axillarin (1), Luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside (8) and rutin (13) as flavonoids, fraxetin (7), isofraxidin (9), isofraxidin-7-O-glucoside (11) and fraxidin (12) as coumarins, tatridin A (2), altissin (3), tamirin (4) and tanachin (5) as sesquiterpene lactones and 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy acetophenone (6) and picein (10) as acetophenone derivatives were isolated from the methanol extract of the species. The structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D-NMR techniques and by comparing with the literature data. In addition, in vitro cytotoxic activity of all isolated compounds was evaluated against breast cancer MCF-7 cell line by XTT assay. Sesquiterpene lactones; tatridin A (2), tamirin (4) and tanachin (5) were found to be the most cytotoxic molecules against MCF-7 cell line.

The acid activation process increased the specific surface area of raw Resadiye bentonite (33.5 m2/g) by ∼ 4-fold whereas the interaction with n-butylamine caused a surface area reduction of acid-a...

hPON1 is an ester hydrolase associated with HDL and having a molecular mass of 43-45 kDa. It is synthesized in the liver. It hydrolyzes organophosphate agents and nerve gases. It plays a protective role against oxidation of LDL and formation of lipid peroxides and bacterial endotoxins. The fact that oxidation of LDL constitutes the initial stage of the atherosclerosis process demonstrates the importance of hPON1 antioxidant properties. Many epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between HDL cholesterol levels and cardiovascular events. It is known that high serum HDL-cholesterol and low LDL-cholesterol levels are protective against the development of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. Therefore, hPON1 is a component of HDL, thus contributing to the protective role of HDL in coronary artery disease. In this research, we investigated the inhibition effects of bendamustine on hPON1 enzyme activity in the human serum in vitro conditions., hPON1, HDL ile ilişkili ve 43-45 kDa'lık bir moleküler kütleye sahip olan bir ester hidrolazdır. Karaciğerde sentezlenir. Organofosfat ajanlarını ve sinir gazlarını hidrolize eder. LDL'nin oksidasyonuna ve lipit peroksitlerin ve bakteriyel endotoksinlerin oluşumuna karşı koruyucu bir rol oynar. LDL'nin oksidasyonunun ateroskleroz sürecinin başlangıç aşamasını oluşturması, hPON1 antioksidan özelliklerinin önemini göstermektedir. Birçok epidemiyolojik çalışma HDL kolesterol düzeyleri ile kardiyovasküler olaylar arasında ters bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Yüksek serum HDL-kolesterol ve düşük LDL-kolesterol seviyelerinin koroner kalp hastalığı ve ateroskleroz gelişimine karşı koruyucu olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle, hPON1 bir HDL bileşenidir, bu nedenle koroner arter hastalığında HDL'nin koruyucu rolüne katkıda bulunur. Bu araştırmada, in vitro koşullarda insan serumunda hPON1 enzim aktivitesi üzerine bendamustin kemoterapik ilacının inhibisyon etkisini araştırdık.

In the present study, the phenolic content by using LC MS/MS method, anticholinergic, antioxidant (metal reduction, radical and removal of lipid peroxidation), and antibacterial activities of

Epilobium angustifolium is widely used in medicine for disease treatments, as well as in the cosmetic and food industries. The aim of this research was to investigate the antioxidant, and anticholinergic properties, phenolics profile and antibacterial activities of the E. angustifolium ethanol extract. The analysis of phenolic compounds was performed with LC–MS/MS. The antioxidant capacity (radical scavenging, metal-reducing power and total antioxidant activity) was assessed by DPPH, ABTS, Cu2+–Cu+ reducing (CUPRAC), Fe3+–Fe2+ reducing and ferric thiocyanate methods. The antibacterial activity was determined by disc diffusion and MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) methods and the anticholinergic property was predicted by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The major phenolic compounds, founding in the plant extract were luteolin, fumaric acid, vanillic acid, and caffeic acid. The ethanol extract of the plant showed DPPH free radical scavenging value of 11.3%, while the ABTS radical scavenging activity was 19.4% and showed moderately metal-reducing power. Also, the extract had 39.3% inhibition on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion and showed an inhibition effect on the AChE with IC50 values (0.14 mg mL−1). The ethanol extract of the plant showed antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Typhimurium at different levels. These results suggested that E. angustifolium extract might be a suitable natural antioxidant in the preservation of foods by preventing the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and might play a role in the treatment of some diseases with its antioxidant, anticholinergic, and antibacterial activity.

In this study, phenolic composition, and in vitro biological activities of ethyl acetate (EAE) and methanol (ME) extracts obtained from the aerial parts of endemic Tanacetum erzincanense were investigated. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extracts were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. Antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated over radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS) and metal ion reducing power (FRAP and CUPRAC) tests. Individual phenolic compounds in ME was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF/MS). Cell inhibitory potential of the extracts was tested against colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), and hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells by 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assay. The results showed that ME contains higher TPC (64.4 mg GAE/g) and TFC (62.2 mg QE/g) than those of EAE (41.5 mg GAE/g and 40.0 mg QE/g). LC-ESI-QTOF/MS analysis revealed that ME is rich in phenolic compounds, namely, chlorogenic acid, apigenin, quercetin, luteolin, and diosmetin. Antioxidant assay results indicated that ME possess stronger activity than EAE and a power that competes with synthetic antioxidants. XTT assay results demonstrated that although both extracts displayed a considerable cytotoxicity against the tested cancer cell lines in a time and dose-dependent manner, ME expressed its selective inhibitory action towards MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 20.4 μg/mL for 72 h. These results may serve as a basis for further in vivo studies to examine the potential applications of T. erzincanense in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Zoledronik asit azot içeren bir bisfosfonattır. Güçlü bir kemik rezorpsiyon inhibitörüdür. Osteoklast aktiviteyi inhibe eder. PON1 organofosfatların, aril esterlerin ve laktonların hidrolizini katalize eder. PON1, ateroskleroz dahil olmak üzere birçok vasküler hastalıkla ilişkili olduğu bilinen Düşük Yoğunluklu Lipoprotein (LDH) ve Yüksek Yoğunluklu Lipoprotein'i (HDL), oksidatif strese karşı koruyarak bir antioksidan enzim olarak görev yapar. Aslında, daha yüksek PON1 aktivitesi aterosklerozun önlenmesinde önemli bir rol oynar. Epidemiyolojik çalışmalar düşük PON1 aktivitesinin artmış kardiyovasküler olay riski ve kardiyovasküler hastalık riski ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu makalede, in vitro koşullarda insan serumunda PON1 enzim aktivitesi üzerine zoledronik asit kemoterapik ilacının inhibisyon etkisini araştırdık.

The present study aimed to investigate Sumac (Rhus coriaria) for anticancer, antidiabetic, anticholinergic activities and total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Two solvents, water and ethanol, were used for extraction. For anticancer activity, the extracts were tested against human cancer cell lines including HT-29 and MCF-7. The cell growth inhibition rate was measured via XTT assay. The antidiabetic activity of the sumac extracts was measured by the inhibition of α-glycosidase and α-amylase enzymes, whereas the anticholinergic activity was measured via the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteau and the aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was used for the separation, identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in the samples. The ethanolic extract had higher phenolic and phenolic contents than aqueous extract. It exhibited substantial antiproliferative, antidiabetic and anticholinergic activities. The aqueous extract of sumac showed moderate therapeutic efficiency in all the preformed assays. LC–MS/MS study revealed fumaric acid as a main compound in both the ethanolic (452.78 mg/kg) and aqueous (180.72 mg/kg) extracts. These results suggest that sumac may have health-enhancing effects and act as inhibitors of certain enzymes or interfering with some cellular pathways.

In this study, a cationic soluble peroxidase (POD) was homogeneously purified and biochemically characterized. The enzyme purification involved the combination of (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, CM-Sephadex cation exchange, and gel filtration chromatography. The purity of the enzyme was examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and one single prominent band was obtained with a molecular weight of approximately 45 kDa. The thermal and pH stability showed that the enzyme was stable at pH 5.0 and at 40°C, respectively. The activity remained stable at pH 4.0 at least for 10 days. Km and Vmax values were calculated from Lineweaver–Burk graph for each substrate. POD exhibited Km values of 0.0154 and 0.065 mM for guaiacol and H2O2, respectively. The enzyme was highly inhibited by sodium azide. This study could enrich the literature regarding the properties of POD from haricot bean that could be applicable to biomedical analysis.

Plants generate secondary metabolites, which could be used as novel therapeutic compounds. These com- pounds are well known for their beneficial effects on human health. Thus, it is important to evaluate total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activities of different plants. The present study was conducted to determine the total phenolic/flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract prepared from leaves of Phlomis pungens L. The total phenolic content of the ethanol extract of the sample were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Antioxidant activity of Phlomis pungens L. was determined using different in vitro experimental models, which include DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC and potassium thiocyanate method. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Phlomis pungens L. were found to be 68.4 mg GAE/g and 4.9 mg QE/g, respectively. Antioxidant activity of the sample was comparable to commercial antioxidant standards BHT, - tocopherol and trolox . The results showed that Phlomis pungens L has moderate free radical scavenging and reducing capacity. Overall, this study discovers total phenolic and flavonoid content as well as antioxidant properties of Phlomis pungens L, B itkiler terapötik bileşikler olarak kullanılabilen ikincil metabolitleri üretirler. Bu bileşikler, insan sağlığı üzerindeki olumlu etkileri açısından iyi bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle farklı bitkilerin antioksidan aktivitelerinin yanı sıra toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içeriğinin değerlendirilmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışma Phlomis pungens L.’nin yapraklarından hazırlanan etanol özütünün toplam fenolik/flavonoid içeriğini ve antioksidan aktivitesini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Numunenin etanol özütünün toplam fenolik içeriği Folin-Ciocalteu reaktifi kullanılarak belirlendi. Phlomis pungens L.’nin antioksidan aktivitesi, DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC ve potasyum tiyosiyanat yönteminin içeren farklı in vitro deneysel modeller kullanılarak belirlendi. Phlomis pungens L.’nin toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içeriği sırasıyla 68.4 mg GAE/g ve 4.9 mg QE/g olarak bulundu. Numunenin antioksidan aktivitesi, ticari antioksidan standartlarıyla BHT, α-tokoferol ve trolox kıyaslandı. Sonuçlar, Phlomis pungens L’nin orta düzeyde serbest radikal süpürme ve indirgeme Me kapasitesine sahip olduğunu gösterdi. Genel olarak, bu çalışma Phlomis pungens L’nin antioksidan özelliklerinin yanı sıra toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içeriğini ortaya çıkarmıştır

Goren, Ahmet C/0000-0002-5470-130X; Taslimi, Parham/0000-0002-3171-0633; Gulcin, ilhami/0000-0001-5993-1668 WOS:000518394300002 Many chronic diseases such as diabetes and Alzheimer's disease are related to the type and quality of foods, which are consumed. Particularly, various plant origin products are stated as beneficial against such kind of chronic diseases with secondary metabolites such as their phenolic structures. Satureja cuneifolia is a plant, which is consumed as an herbal tea in some regions of Turkey and that's why investigate of its biological activity is important. In our study, the anti-diabetic and anti-Alzheimer potentials of the methanol and water extracts of S. cuneifolia plant were measured via some enzymes inhibition experiments as in vitro. The antioxidant ability of the same extracts was measured via radical scavenging and reducing power methods. Also, the total phenolics and flavonoids of the plant were identified. Finally, the extracts were analyzed by the LC-MS/MS analysis and the phenolic content of S. cuneifolia was clarified. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. King Saud UniversityKing Saud University [RSP-2019/59] S.A. would like to extend his sincere appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Projects (RSP-2019/59) at King Saud University for funding this research.

In the first stage of the manuscript, we aimed to examine antioxidant capacity and anticholinergic properties of avocado (Folium perseae) leaves. Avocado leaf was extracted by water (WEFP) and ethyl alcohol (EEFP) and antioxidant activity was determined using by several antioxidant assays including DPPHGreek ano teleia and ABTS(center dot+)radical scavenging assays, Cu2+-Cu(+)reducing, Fe3+-Fe(2+)reducing, and FRAP reducing activities. Avocado leaf extracts demonstrated antioxidant activity and anticholinergic activities, while alpha-tocopherol, BHT, trolox, and BHA were used as positive antioxidant controls. In the second part of this study, the inhibition effects of WEFP and EEFP were valuated against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes, which catalyze the breakdown of choline esters (i.e. neurotransmitters). This study obviously showed that avocado leaf extracts had effective antioxidant, antiradical, and anticholinergic influences., King Saud University, Saudi Arabia [RSP-2019/59], S. Alwasel would like to extend his sincere appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project (RSP-2019/59), King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, for support. No conflict of interest associated with this work.

Arbutin (4-Hidroksifenil-β-D-glukopiranozit),hidrokinonun mono glikozidik formudur ve cilt beyazlatma ve çil gidermeözellikleri nedeniyle kozmetiklerde uzun süredir yaygın olarakkullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; arbutin flash kromatografi kullanılarak Onobrychisgalegifolia'nın metanol ekstraktından izole edilmiştir. Arbutin yapısı, 1Hve 13C -NMR spektroskopisi ve ayrıca 2D NMR teknikleri ileaydınlatıldı. Ek olarak, O. galegifolia ve O. nitida türlerindebulunan arbutinin kantitatif analizi HPLC-DAD kullanılarak yapıldı. Sonuçlaragöre, O. galegifolia ve O. nitida'nın metanol ekstraktlarınınarbutin içeriği sırasıyla 212.02 ve 196.46 mg/g ekstrakt olarak bulundu.Ayrıca, O. galegifolia ve O. nitida'nın soğuk su ekstraktlarınınarbutin içeriği 128.2 ve 99.40 mg/g ekstrakt olarak bulundu. Kuruağırlıklardaki arbutin miktarı, yaklaşık% 5.66 ila% 6.86 arasında hesaplandı., Arbutin(4-Hydroxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside) is a mono glycosidic form ofhydroquinone and has been widely used in cosmetics for a long time due to skinwhitening and freckle removing properties. In this study, arbutin was isolatedfrom the methanol extract of Onobrychis galegifolia using flashchromatography. The structure of arbutin was elucidated by 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and as well as 2D NMR techniques. In addition, quantitativeanalysis of arbutin found in O. galegifolia and O. nitida specieswas done using HPLC-DAD. According to the results, the arbutin content ofmethanol extracts of O. galegifolia and O. nitida was found212.02 and 196.46 mg/g extract respectively. In addition, the arbutin contentof cold-water extracts of O. galegifolia and O. nitida was found128.2 and 99.40 mg/g extract. The amount of arbutin in dry weights wascalculated for about 5.66% to 6.86%.

PubMed ID: 31465610 The aim of this work was to investigate the enzyme inhibition, antioxidant activity, and phenolic compounds of Lecokia cretica (Lam.) DC. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and ?-glycosidase enzymes were strongly inhibited by the L. cretica extracts. IC50 values for the three enzymes were found as 3.21 mg/mL, 2.1 mg/mL, and 2.07 mg/mL, respectively. Antioxidant activities were examined in both aqueous and ethanol (EtOH) extracts using CUPRAC, FRAP, and DPPH method. Also, the phenolic compounds of the endemic plant were identified and quantified by using HPLC/MS/MS. According to the results, the extracts have remarkable antioxidant activities. The most abundant phenolic acids of L. cretica in EtOH extract were determined as quinic acid (12.76 mg/kg of crude extract), chlorogenic acid (3.39 mg/kg), and malic acid (2.38 mg/kg). © 2019 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland

The purification and characterization of peroxidase is currently growing interests since peroxidases have implications in various industrial and biochemical applications. In this study, wheat peroxidase was purified using (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, CM-Sephadex cation exchange, and gel filtration chromatographies. Enzyme purity and molecular mass were checked by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Enzyme kinetics was studied using two substrates: guaiacol and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Km and Vmax values were calculated from Lineweaver-Burk graph for each substrate. Wheat peroxidase activity has been enhanced 284-fold. Wheat peroxidase had molecular mass of 38.8 kDa. Km values for guaiacol and H2O2 were found as 2.467 mM and 7.307 mM, respectively. The pH and temperature optima were 5.5 and 40.0°C, respectively. Also, the enzyme was highly inhibited by citric acid and Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.

The phenolic contents and antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, and anticholinergic potentials of four endemic Gysophila taxa (G. pallida, G. arrosti, G. tuberculosa, and G. eriocalyx) were investigated. The HPLC analysis showed that methanol extracts of all the tested species were richer in phenolics than water extracts. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillin, syringic acid, and p-coumaric acid were detected in all extracts. In parallel to the phenolic contents, methanol extracts displayed comparatively higher antioxidant activity than water extracts. Additionally, all extracts exhibited dose-dependent antiproliferative activity on the cancer cell lines with lower IC50 values changing from 0.170 to 1.805 mg/ml. Moreover, the extracts impressively inhibited the acetylcholinesterase (0.63-26.04), butyrylcholinesterase (3.66-10.73), and α-glycosidase (98.52-235.55) enzymes with very low IC50 (mg/ml) values. Together, the present results indicate that Gysophila taxa have various biological activities together with higher phenolic contents. Hence, these species hold good potential for use in the pharmaceutical industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Gypsophila taxa having numerous biological activities have been used for different purpose in folk medicine as well as their use in the food industry. The obtained results of the current study indicated that the extracts of Gypsophila taxa are rich in phenolics and flavonoids with powerful antioxidant and antiproliferative activity against different type of cancer cell lines. In addition, the extracts obtained from these taxa showed notable antidiabetic and anticholinergics effects. Gypsophila taxa could be used as a natural material to develop anticancer, antidiabetic, and anticholinergic drugs.

Oxidative stress has been suggested to explain the mechanism of numerous diseases and antioxidants have been proposed to prevent cellular oxidative damage, therefore disease progression. Antioxidant capacity of many plants, fruits and vegetables have been studied by the researches, however there was no data regarding the antioxidant properties of Gypsophila bitlisensis. The species is an endemic and natural plant of Turkey. We performed three assays to reveal antioxidant capacity of ethanol extract of Gypsophila bitlisensis: FRAP, DPPH and CUPRAC. Trolox and a-tocopherol have been used as standards. We also determined phenolic content of the extract. The results showed that Gypsophila bitlisensis does not have significant antioxidant capacity and phenolic content. On the basis of these findings, we concluded that Gypsophila does not have considerable antioxidant activity in these in vitro assays. Scientific Research Projects Board of Erzincan UniversityErzincan University [FEN-A-220114-0062, 2011-BAP-10.01.05] The authors gratefully acknowledge Scientific Research Projects Board of Erzincan University for the financial supports (grant numbers are FEN-A-220114-0062 and 2011-BAP-10.01.05).

Cress (Lepidium sativum) is an annual herb from Brassicaceae family, and in some regions. It is known as peppergrass, garden cress, garden peppercress, pepperwort, or poor man's pepper. Cress is an important medicinal plant in some countries including Turkey. This plant has major scientific and therapeutic significance. Peroxidase (POD, E.C.1.11.1.7) is an oxidoreductase enzyme produced by a number of organisms. In this study, POD enzyme was purified from cress by ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel filtration, and CM-Sephadex ion-exchange chromatographies. K-m and V-max values were calculated from the Lineweaver-Burk graph for H2O2 and guaiacol substrates and the substrate specificity of POD was investigated. The results showed that substrate specificity of H2O2 is better than substrate specificity of guaiacol for this enzyme. The inhibition effects of three cations (Al3+, Cu2+,and Cr3+) and one organic compound of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide were performed and their inhibition types were determined. Finally, optimum pH, optimum temperature, optimum ionic strength, and stable pH were determined. WOS:000450668400001 2-s2.0-85059636563

Continuing our work on the sources of natural bioactive compounds, we evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Nepeta trachonitica as well as its major phenolic content using the high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) technique. For antioxidant activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) methods were performed to measure the reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was employed to evaluate the radical scavenging activity of the sample. For antimicrobial activity, three Gram-positive and four Gram-negative microbial species as well as three fungi species were tested. N. trachonitica appeared to have reasonable antioxidant activity and decent antimicrobial activity as indicated by the inhibition of the organisms’ growth. The most susceptible species were Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 among the organisms tested. Ethanol extract of the plant has the highest effect on Saccharomyces cerevisiae but no effect on Yarrowia lipolytica. The HPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that at least 11 major phenolic compounds of N. trachonitica exist, the major ones being rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid and quinic acid. The obtained results suggest that N. trachonitica could be a promising source for food and nutraceutical industries because of its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and phenolic compounds. © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Like tea, the leaves of Turkish thyme (Thymus vulgaris) can be boiled in water to produce an extract. This is widely used as syrup for the treatment of coughs and bronchitis at alternative medicine clinics in many parts of the world. In the current study, we assessed the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of thyme. The antioxidant activities of both ethanol and aqueous extracts of thyme were determined using various in vitro methods. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were determined to be a gallic acid equivalent and a quercetin equivalent, respectively. Finally, the quantities of the phenolic compounds were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The total phenolic compounds in the aqueous extract and ethanol extracts of Turkish thyme were 256.0 ?g gallic acid equivalent/mg dried extract and 158.0 ?g gallic acid equivalent/mg dried extract, respectively. Conversely, the total flavonoid compounds in both extracts were 44.2 ?g and 36.6 ?g quercetin equivalent/mg dried extract, respectively. For the first time, we determined phenolic contents and investigated the antioxidant potential of thyme. The results indicate that Turkish thyme is a good dietary source with phenolic properties. © 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Oxidative stress related diseases often arise from over production of free radicals and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. The prevention of these diseases could be possible with the use of natural antioxidant plants that could be promising as therapeutic candidates. Since antioxidant properties of a species could be stem from phenolic compounds, it is, therefore, important to evaluate antioxidant and total/individual phenolic and flavonoid content. For this purpose, we evaluated antioxidant properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) based on three parameters: the antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and flavonoid content as well as identification of phenolic acids of water extract (WEG) and ethanol extract (EEG) of ginger. For antioxidant capacity, we performed FRAP, CUPRAC assay, Fe2+ chelating ability, DPPH and DMPD radical scavenging activities. Also, total phenolic and flavonoid contents in both extracts were also measured via Folin Ciocalteu’s method. For identification of phenolic acids, HPLC-MS/MS method was performed. The results showed that EEG had generally better antioxidant activity than WEG in all assays. HPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that there are at least eight different phenolic acids found in ginger, among which pyrogallol p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid were more abundant in both extracts. This study clearly showed that ginger extracts demonstrated effective antioxidant properties and their consumption may reduce or delay the progression of diseases that oxidative stress take place due to lack of antioxidant supplementation. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.

The purpose of this study was to determine the reducing power, metal chelating, and radical scavenging capabilities of water and ethanol extracts of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.), comparatively. The water and ethanol extracts of sumac were evaluated for their radical scavenging activities by means of the DPPH and DMPD assays. Water extract of sumac (R. coriaria L.) scavenged radicals effectively with EC50 values of 36.4?g/ml for DPPH free radical and 44.7?g/ml for DMPD cation radical. Similarly, the total reducing power of water extract was found higher than ethanol extract in both potassium ferricyanide reduction (FRAP) and cupric ions reduction capacity methods (CUPRAC). 2,2'-Bipyridine was used to determine the metal chelating activity and the result of water extract was found higher than ethanol extract. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of both extracts were studied as well. The values of water extract were found to be higher than that of ethanol extract. The present study found that water extracts of sumac (R. coriaria L.) have effective antioxidant and radical scavenging activities as compared to ethanol extracts. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.

WOS: 000287490500001 The aniline species incorporated into the acid-activated bentonite matrices leads to the decay of the skeletal stretches centered at 1041cm-1 and the rise of new features in the phenyl ring frequency region, 1700-1400cm-1, demonstrates clearly the influence of the acid activation on the Lewis sites necessary for coordination of aniline to bentonite. The exothermic DTA features at 507, 684, and 725 degrees C indicate the release of both the clusters and the decomposed fragments of the aniline-clay composite, and the highly stable carbonaceous residue, respectively. The basal difference by 1.0nm and the much smaller surface area (33.8m2/g) than that of the nonintercalated bentonite (129.2m2/g) prove the presence of the tilted aniline species between the interlamellar grooves of the bentonite framework. Research Foundation of Ondokuz Mayis University [F238] The authors are grateful to the Research Foundation of Ondokuz Mayis University for the financial support of this work under Project F238. We also thank Professor Ugur Cevik of Karadeniz Technical University for performing the chemical analysis of the activated clay sample.

Recently, a number of studies on health benefits associated with natural compounds have been demonstrated. Phenolics in fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activities. The fringe tree (Chionanthus virginicus) is used as a raw material by pharmaceutical industries for the preparation of homeopathy tinctures. The potential antioxidant activities of two secoiridoids from root bark of fringe tree (Chionanthus virginicus L.) were investigated to evaluate their potential value as the natural products for foods or cosmetic applications. In this study, antioxidant activities were measured by 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH·) scavenging, superoxide anion (O 2 ·− ) radical scavenging, total antioxidant activity, reducing activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging and ferrous metal chelating activity assays. These secoiridoids, as antioxidants neutralized the activities of radicals and inhibited the peroxidation reactions of linoleic acid emulsion. Total antioxidant activity was measured according to ferric thiocyanate method. Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), α-tocopherol and trolox, a water-soluble analog of tocopherol, were used as the reference antioxidant compounds. Ligustroside (3.70 × 10−3 M) and oleuropein (3.80 × 10−3 M) showed 71.9, 82.4, 80.7 and 90.4% inhibition on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, at the concentrations of 10 and 20 μg/mL. On the other hand, 20 μg/mL of standard antioxidant such as α-tocopherol (4.64 × 10−3 M), trolox (7.98 × 10−3 M), BHA (10.08 × 10−3 M) and BHT (9.06 × 10−3 M) exhibited 61.5, 29.8, 74.4 and 71.2% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. In addition, ligustroside and oleuropein had effective DPPH·, ABTS·+ and superoxide anion radicals scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, total reducing power and metal chelating on ferrous ions activities. Also, those various antioxidant activities were compared to BHA and BHT, α-tocopherol and trolox that are references antioxidants.

Peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7; donor: hydrogen peroxide oxidoreductase) are part of a large group of enzymes. In this study, peroxidase, a primer antioxidant enzyme, was purified with 19.3 fold and 0.2% efficiency from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) by ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, CM-Sephadex ion-exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-25 purification steps. The substrate specificity of peroxidase was investigated using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol), 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (catechol), 1,2,3-trihyidroxybenzene (pyrogallol) and 4-methylcatechol. Also, optimum pH, optimum temperature, optimum ionic strength, stable pH, stable temperature, thermal inactivation conditions were determined for guaiacol/H(2)O(2), pyrogallol/H(2)O(2), ABTS/H(2)O(2), catechol/H(2)O(2) and 4-methyl catechol/H(2)O(2) substrate patterns. The molecular weight (M(w)) of this enzyme was found to be 44 kDa by gel filtration chromatography method. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was performed for isoenzyme determination and a single band was observed. K(m) and V(max) values were calculated from Lineweaver-Burk graph for each substrate patterns.

Objectives Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) is widely used spice which has several properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. The purpose of this animal study was to evaluate the effects of sumac extract on levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression, serum oxidative status, and alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis. Material and Methods Twenty-four Wistar rats were separated into three groups: non-ligated (NL, n=8), ligature only (LO, n=8), and ligature and treated with sumac extract (S, n=8) (20 mg/kg per day for 11 days). A 4/0 silk suture was placed around the mandibular right first molars subgingivally; after 11 days, the rats were sacrificed, and alveolar bone loss was histometrically measured. The detection of RANKL and OPG were immunohistochemically performed. Levels of serum total antioxidant status (TAS)/total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were also analyzed. Results Alveolar bone loss was significantly greater in the LO group compared to the S and NL groups (p0.05). Conclusions The present study showed that systemic administration of sumac extract may reduce alveolar bone loss by affecting RANKL/OPG balance, TOS and OSI levels in periodontal disease in rats.

Effects of melatonin on the levels of antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GRd), and malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation marker, in erythrocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. The results showed that melatonin statistically activated the CAT, POD, and GRd activity (P < 0.05). Moreover, MDA levels were significantly decreased as a result of melatonin treatment (P < 0.01).

The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae) were assessed; sixteen compounds were isolated from a CH2Cl2/MeOH extract of the aerial parts of the plant including four sesquiterpenes 4β,5α-epoxy-7αH-germacr-10(14)-en-6β-ol-1-one, 4β,5α-epoxy-7αH-germacr-10(14)-en,1β-hydroperoxyl,6β-ol, 4β,5β-epoxy-7αH-germacr-10(14)-en,1β-hydroperoxyl,6β-ol and 4α,5β-epoxy-7αH-germacr-10(14)-en,1β-hydroperoxyl,6α-ol, together with seven known sesquiterpenes, one known iridoid glycoside, two known flavonoids, and one known phenylpropanoid glycoside. Structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic (UV, (1)H and (13)C NMR) data, as well as two-dimensional NMR ((1)H-(1)H COSY, HMQC, NOESY and HMBC), and ESI-MS analysis. The relative stereochemistry of the ketone was established by X-ray crystallography, while its absolute configuration was attained by a modified Mosher's method. Antibacterial activity of the crude extract, as well as with four of the isolated metabolites, was observed with Staphylococcus aureus anti-biofilm activity in the low μMol range. Diverse sesquiterpene-skeleton structure and corresponding comprehensive enzyme capacity is discussed.

In this study, the antioxidant and antiradical properties of cherry stem (Cerasus avium L.) were examined. The ferric thiocyanate method, ferric ion (Fe3+) and cupric ion (Cu2+) reducing assays and ferrous ions (Fe3+) chelating assay were used in order to measure the antioxidant activity of the plant. Also, its antiradical activity was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH center dot) radical scavenging activity. Additionally, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the plant were determined. It was indicated that, both the water extract of cherry stem (WECS) and ethanol extract of cherry stem (EECS) have both antioxidant and antiradical properties, and there is a correlation between these properties and the phenolic and flavonoid contents. Quantities of caffeic acid, ferulic acid, syringic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, alpha-tocopherol, pyrogallol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid and ascorbic acid were detected by high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This study will bring an innovation for further studies conducted on the antioxidant properties of WECS and EECS. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7; donor: hydrogen peroxide oxidoreductase) is an oxidoreductase enzyme found in many fruits and vegetables. This enzyme was purified from sweet gourd (Cucurbita moschata Lam. Poiret) by ammonium sulphate precipitation and CM-Sephadex ion-exchange chromatography. Furthermore, optimum pH, optimum temperature, optimum ionic strength, stable pH, and stable temperature conditions were determined as 7.2, 50°C, 0.4 M, 8.0, and 40°lC, respectively. The molecular weight (MW) of the enzyme was estimated to be 85 kDa by SDS-PAGE method. The values of Km and Vmax were calculated from the Lineweaver-Burk graph for guaiacol/H2O2 substrate patterns. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Silymarin, a known standardized extract obtained from seeds of Silybum marianum is widely used in treatment of several diseases of varying origin. In the present paper, we clarified the antioxidant activity of silymarin by employing various in vitro antioxidant assay such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH(.)) scavenging, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity determination by ferric thiocyanate, total reducing ability determination by Fe3+ - Fe2+ transformation method and Cuprac assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging by riboflavin/methionine/illuminate system, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and ferrous ions (Fe2+) chelating activities. Silymarin inhibited 82.7% lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion at 30 microg/mL concentration; butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), alpha-tocopherol and trolox indicated inhibition of 83.3, 82.1, 68.1 and 81.3% on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion at the same concentration, respectively. In addition, silymarin had an effective DPPH(.) scavenging, ABTS(.)+ scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, ferric ions (Fe3+) reducing power by Fe3+-Fe2+ transformation, cupric ions (Cu2+) reducing ability by Cuprac method, and ferrous ions (Fe2+) chelating activities. Also, BHA, BHT, alpha-tocopherol and trolox, were used as the reference antioxidant and radical scavenger compounds. Moreover, this study, which clarifies antioxidant mechanism of silymarin, brings new information on the antioxidant properties of silymarin. According to the present study, silymarin had effective in vitro antioxidant and radical scavenging activity. It could be used in the pharmacological and food industry because of its antioxidant properties.

WOS: 000244313900017 Organobentonites were synthesized by treating Na-bentonites (Wyoming and Resadiye) with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) using ion exchange method. The difference in the basal spacing by 0.65 angstrom and a higher mass loss by 13.32% of organobentonite (Wyoming) in the temperature range 200-550 degrees C comparing with that of organobentonite (Resadiye) were in conformity with the CEC values of organobentonites. The HOH stretching and bending peaks of bentonites became sharper following the treatment with the organo-cation. The intensity decrease of the Al-OH band for organobentonite (Resadiye) and in particular, the significantly higher amount of m-cresol retained by the organobentonite of lower CEC than that by the organobentonite (Wyoming) indicate the influence of the CP cation on the adsorption process.

WOS: 000248351900002 PubMed: 17531244 The shifts of the Si-O-Si stretching and the Si-O-Al and Si-O-Si bending modes, as well as the free silica peak in the IR spectra and the strengthening of the XRD reflections due to the quartz and alpha-cristobalite components of the Al-pillared bentonites (Wyoming and Resadiye), are ascribed to the formation of new Si-O-Al groups of covalent character. The mass losses in the temperature range 150-700 degrees C correspond to the dehydration and dehydroxylation processes. The total mass losses of the Al-pillared bentonites (Wyoming and Resadiye) are close to each other at an OH/Al ratio of 2.2, but calcination from 400 to 600 degrees C causes the surface area of the latter composite to decrease by 13%. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.