Search

Background: Coronary artery ectasia (CAE), while being considered a variant of atherosclerosis, harbors distinct features that significantly differ from atherosclerosis in terms of pathophysiological mechanisms. On the other hand, headache appears to be the most common side effect of nitrates that have been used traditionally for decades. In this context, we aimed to compare the frequency and temporal characteristics of nitrate-induced headache (NIH) between subjects with sole coronary artery disease (CAD) and subjects with CAD and coexisting CAE. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and forty-four patients who had undergone coronary angiogram (CAG) and received a single dose of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate during the procedure comprised in this retrospective study population. CAG is performed in the indications due to guidelines. All patients who had undergone CAG were held under close supervision, at least, for 6 h following CAG (and administration of sublingual nitrate); duration and emergence time of NIH were recorded for all patients. Of these 244 patients, 225 patients having sole CAD were assigned to Group I, whereas 19 patients having both CAD and CAE were assigned to Group II. Results: NIH was observed in 19 out of 225 patients (8%) with sole CAD and in 9 out of 19 patients (56%) with CAD and CAE (P = 0.003). The mean interval between the administration of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate and NIH onset was significantly lower in Group II in comparison to Group I (44 ± 14 min vs. 87 ± 63 min, respectively, P = 0.018). However, the duration of NIH was comparable between the two groups (Group I: 203 ± 53 min vs. Group II: 173 ± 61 min, P = 0.24); logistic regression analysis revealed an independent association between NIH and CAE (odds ratio: 11.5, 95% confidential interval: 3.9–33.8, P < 0.001). Conclusion: We have demonstrated that sublingual nitrates might induce NIH more frequently in subjects with CAE and CAD in comparison to those with sole CAD. Furthermore, NIH has been demonstrated to be independently associated with CAE.

The seasonal distributions of predatory bugs, specifically species of Orius (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), and the population dynamics of some sucking pests including aphids, leafhoppers, and thrips in crops plants (i.e. winter and summer vegetables, fruit trees and field crops) in Balcalı, Adana Province, Turkey, were investigated during 2019–2020. A total of four Orius species were identified, which are: Orius laevigatus (Fieber), Orius niger (Wolff), Orius albidipennis (Reuter) and Orius vicinus (Ribaut). The most common species was O. laevigatus, constituting 78.36% of the total adult individual insects. Both O. laevigatus and O. niger were relatively more abundant on broad beans, beans and potatoes compared to fruit trees and open field crops, such as cotton, sesame and soybean. Very few Orius individuals were recorded on fruit trees. Those that were recorded were found mostly on apple trees. Orius and thrips individuals were collected mainly from the flowers of the plants, and their population patterns depended on the flowering phenology patterns of the plants. Significant correlations were detected between the population patterns of Orius individuals and thrips populations in winter and summer vegetables, fruit trees and field crops. This may indicate that thrips are the primary prey of Orius individuals throughout the year in agricultural ecosystems with rich plant diversity.

Aim of study: The seasonal distributions of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), as well as their primary predators, predatory bugs, Orius spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), in the polyculture agricultural area were investigated in order to gain a thorough understanding of the prey-predator relationships on various crop plants. Area of study: Adana Province, located in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Region of Türkiye. Materials and methods: Thrips and predatory insects were collected from various plants using the tapping method during 2019-2020. Their diversity, seasonal densities, and distributions were investigated. Main results: A total of 11 predator species were identified, with Orius laevigatus (Fieber) and Orius niger (Wolff) being the most prevalent species. The greatest diversity of predatory insect species was found among plant species from the Fabaceae family. With the exception of field crops, T. tabaci was found to be the most frequent thrips species in the examined cultivated plants when compared to F. occidentalis on common crop plants. Among winter vegetables, a significant number of predators, primarily O. laevigatus, were only collected from broad bean plants. The abundance patterns of thrips and predatory insects were closely associated with the flowering phenology of plants. Research highlights: Strong relationships were observed between Orius spp. and T. tabaci adults. This study suggests that broad beans, a winter crop, could be included in crop rotations during the autumn-to-early spring period to support the populations of predatory insects in various ways.

Aim:The Hounsfield unit (HU) value can predict the stone-free status of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for kidney stones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of HU and HU-related variables on RIRS outcomes in isolated lower pole kidney stones.Methods:This single-center cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2017 and March 2023. One hundred thirty-three patients who underwent RIRS for lower pole kidney stones were evaluated. These were divided into stone-free (Group 1) and remnant (Group 2) groups, and the effects of the HU-related variables on RIRS outcomes were investigated.Results:One hundred-five (78.9%) patients in Group 1 and 28 (21.1%) in Group 2 were enrolled in the study. Significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of mean stone area (p=0.003), stone size (p

INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is classified into two groups-Kalman syndrome and normosmic IHH (nIHH). Half of all cases can be explained by mutations in >50 genes. Targeted gene panel testing with nexrt generation sequencing (NGS) is required for patients without typical phenotypic findings. The aim was to determine the genetic etiologies of patients with IHH using NGS, including 54 IHH-associated genes, and to present protein homology modeling and protein stability analyzes of the detected variations. METHODS: Clinical and demographic data of 16 patients (eight female), aged between 11.6-17.8 years, from different families were assessed. All patients were followed up for a diagnosis of nIHH, had normal cranial imaging, were without anterior pituitary hormone deficiency other than gonadotropins, had no sex chromosome anomaly, had no additional disease, and underwent genetic analysis with NGS between the years 2008-2021. Rare variants were classified according to the variant interpretation framework of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG)/Association for Molecular Pathology. Changes in protein structure caused by variations were modeled using RoseTTAFold and changes in protein stability resulting from variation were analyzed. RESULTS: Half of the 16 had no detectable variation. Three (18.75%) had a homozygous (pathogenic) variant in the GNRHR gene, one (6.25%) had a compound heterozygous [likely pathogenic-variants of uncertain significance (VUS)] variant in PROK2 and four (25%) each had a heterozygous (VUS) variant in HESX1, FGF8, FLRT3 and DMXL2. Protein models showed that variants interpreted as VUS according to ACMG could account for the clinical IHH. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The frequency of variation detection was similar to the literature. Modelling showed that the variant in five different genes, interpreted as VUS according to ACMG, could explain the clinical IHH.

Bu araştırma otizm spektrum bozukluğunda (OSB) sık görülen vestibüler duyu temelli motor beceri sorunlarına ve bu sorunların oluşturduğu tepkisel davranışların belirlenmesi ve vestibüler regülasyonu hedefleyen egzersiz önerileri oluşturmak amacı ile tasarlanmıştır. Vestibüler sistem ile sinir sistemi arasında karşılıklı bir etkileşim söz konusudur. Yani vestibüler duyudaki sorunlar bilişsel süreçleri olumsuz etkilerken benzer şekilde sinir sitemindeki bozukluklar/farklılıklarda vestibüler duyu üzerinde olumsuz etkiler oluşturarak bireyin denge odaklı motor becerilerinden bilişsel ve davranışsal becerilerine kadar uzanan bir dizi gelişim alanını olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Sinir sistemindeki yapısal ya da fonksiyonel bozulmadan kaynaklanan ve vestibüler duyuya dair negatif etkilerin olduğu nörogelişimsel bozukluklardan birisi de otizm spektrum bozukluğudur. OSB ilişkili vestibüler sistemin fonksiyonelliğinde meydana gelebilecek problemler, temelde hareketlere hipersensitivite veya hiposensitivite tepkilerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olabilir. Bu davranışlar bireylerin günlük yaşamında ihtiyaç duyulan motor koordinasyonun gösterilmesinde önemli sorunlara neden olabilir. Sonuç olarak vestibüler sistemdeki problemler motor öğrenme, algısal motor beceriler ve öğrenme sorunlarına yol açabilir. Bu ise nörobiyolojik kökenli bozukluklarda (otizm vb.) görülen bazı sorunların temeline ışık tutmaktadır. Vestibüler duyu kaynaklı duyusal entegrasyona bağlı oluşan sorunlar için vestibüler uyaran (regülasyon) egzersiz önerileri oluşturulmuştur.

Objective: Many methods are used in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and there are conflicting reports in the literature regarding the results of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, which is one of those methods. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of MSC treatment applied together with standard treatments on survival. Materials and Methods: This retrospective case-control study evaluates the survival effect of MSC treatment administered to patients treated in intensive care after the development of ARDS due to COVID-19 between March 2020 and March 2021. The age, gender, comorbid disease status, APACHE II score, and overall and comorbidity-based survival rates were compared between patients who received standard medical treatment (SMT) and patients who received MSC treatment together with SMT. Results: There were 62 patients in the group receiving only SMT and 81 patients in the group receiving SMT and MSC. No difference was observed between the groups in terms of age, gender, presence of comorbid diseases, or APACHE II scores. There were also no differences according to Kaplan-Maier analysis for the survival statuses of the groups. There was no serious adverse effect due to MSC treatment among these patients. Conclusion: Our study presents the largest case series in the literature, and it was observed that MSC treatment may not significantly affect overall survival or comorbid disease-based survival, in contrast to many other studies in the literature.

Abstract Background: Semen parameters change with age and are reported differently worldwide. Objective: This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the semen quality pattern among aging men and the age thresholds for semen parameters. Materials and Methods: The records of men who had normal semen parameters from January 2015-June 2020 were retrospectively evaluated for andrological outpatient at Samsun Training and Research hospital and Gazi hospital in Samsun, Turkey. Adult men meeting the inclusion criteria were divided into 3 groups of I) 18-29 yr (n = 629), II) 30-39 yr (n = 775), and III) 40-49 yr (n = 190). Correlations between age and sperm parameters were then analyzed. Results: A total of 1594 men were enrolled in the study. Significant differences were observed in total sperm numbers, total motility rates, progressive motility rates, nonprogressive motility rates, normal morphology rates, mean semen volume, and sperm concentrations. The parameters of total sperm number, progressive motility rate, and normal morphology rate were significantly higher in group I than in the other 2 groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively) and in group II compared to group III (p = 0.001, p = 0.003, and p < 0.001), respectively. Mean semen volume and total motility rate were significantly higher in group I than in the other groups (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). However, no difference was observed between group II and group III (p = 0.61 and p = 0.04, respectively). Conclusion: Age has a significant impact on semen parameters capable of affecting male fertility, particularly total sperm numbers, the progressive motility rate, and the normal morphology rate.

Hastalıklardan korunmada tekstil ürünlerin büyük rolü bulunmaktadır. Tekstil materyaller günlük hayatın birçok yerinde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Özellikle son iki yıldır yaşanan covid-19 pandemisi tekstilin önemine daha da dikkat çekmiştir. Bununla birlikte “tekstil bizi salgınlardan koruyabilir mi?” sorusunu da gündeme getirmiştir. Bakterilerle dolu bir çevremiz olması, virüslerin bakterilere tutunarak saçılması ve nozokomiyal hastalıkların son yıllarda artış göstermesi, antimikrobiyal tekstil üretimine gereksinim olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Bu çalışmada farklı yapıdaki kumaşlara gümüş ve kuarterner amonyum tuz (QAS) apre uygulanması ve antimikrobiyal etkinliklerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Kumaşlardan birisi %100 pamuk liflerden diğeri ise %100 poliester liflerden dokunmuştur. Uygulanan antimikrobiyal bitim işlemleri sonrası etkinlikleri AATCC 100 test metoduna göre belirlenmiştir. Kontrol olarak apre uygulanmamış kumaşlar aynı teste tabi tutulmuştur; ancak herhangi bir mikrobiyal inhibisyona rastlanmamıştır. Buna göre tüm gümüş apreli pamuk kumaşlarda etkinin diğerlerine oranla daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek inhibisyon oranı %99,03 ±0,49 olarak gümüş apreli pamuk kumaşta tespit edilmiştir. En düşük inhibisyon oranı ise QAS apreli poliester kumaşta %59,43 ±1,87 olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca kumaşların gram pozitif bakterilere karşı daha etkin olduğu görülmüştür. Aynı zamanda uygulanan apre işleminin kumaşlarda renk değişimi, pilling (boncuklanma) ve hidrofiliteye neden olup olmadığı da test edilmiş ve herhangi bir etki olmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada farklı yapıdaki kumaşlara uygulanan antimikrobiyal bitim işlemlerinin yüksek etkinlik gösterdiği görülmüştür. Çeşitli enfeksiyon hastalıklarındaki eradikasyon çalışmalarında, günümüz pandemisi ve hastane enfeksiyonları ile mücadelede antimikrobiyal tekstil sektörünün oldukça büyük bir yere sahip olduğu ve geliştirilmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.

Osmanlı-İran ilişkilerinin geçmişten gelen mücadele ve rekabet alanlarından en önemlisi Osmanlı hâkimiyeti altındaki topraklarda bulunan ve Şiilerce kutsal sayılan Atebât-ı âliyât denilen Kerbelâ, Necef, Sâmerrâ ve Kâzımiye şehirlerindeki ziyaretgâhlardı. Başta Bağdat olmak üzere adı geçen şehirler coğrafi ve stratejik konumlarının yanı sıra barındırdıkları İslam büyüklerinin mezar ve türbeleri nedeniyle İslam tarihinde Şii ve Sünni Müslümanların ilgi odağı oldu. İranlıların Osmanlı hâkimiyetindeki bu mekânlara yoğun ilgileri ve imar faaliyetlerinde bulunma istekleri çeşitli problemlerin yaşanmasına neden oldu. Özellikle Kâzımiye’deki İmam Musa Kâzım Türbesi’ni sahiplenme amaçlı tadilat ve eklemeler iki tarafı karşı karşıya getirdi. Bu makalede, İmam Musa Kâzım Türbesi’nde yapılmak istenen tadilat ve eklemeler mercek altına alınmış ve buraya gelen Şii ziyaretçilerin ve İranlıların ilgisinin Osmanlı-İran ilişkilerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla adı geçen ziyaretgâhları sahiplenmedeki rekabetin temelinde dini, mezhebi, siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyal hangi faktörlerin etkili olduğunun, İran ve Osmanlı devlet adamlarının türbelere ve mukaddes mekânlara ilgilerinin ve Osmanlı’nın buradaki mülkî hâkimiyet konusundaki hassasiyetinin ve endişelerinin nedenleri sorgulanmıştır. Osmanlı’nın, İran’la ilişkileri bozmayacak, Şiileri de küstürmeyecek şekilde adı geçen mekânları sahiplendiğini iddia eden bu makale, 19. yüzyılda Atebât şehirleri ve özellikle Bağdat’ta bulunan İmam Musa Kâzım türbesi etrafında iki ülke arasında ortaya çıkan nüfuz rekabetini arşiv belgeleri ışığında ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yakınçağ Tarihi, Osmanlı-İran İlişkileri, Atebât-ı âliyât, Kâzımiye, İmam Musa Kâzım Türbesi.

Çalışmada Ebu Hüreyre (r.a) kanalıyla gelen “Kötü söz söylemeden ve büyük günah işlemeden hacceden kimse, annesinden doğduğu gündeki gibi günahsız olarak (evine) döner” hadisi sened ve metin yönünden ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda konuyla ilgili hadislerin varyantları bir araya getirilerek isnâdı sıhhat yönünden araştırılmış, metni de gerek Kur’an âyetleri, gerekse diğer sahîh hadisler ışığında anlamaya çalışılmıştır. Makalenin giriş bölümünde hadîsin kaynakları ve rivâyet tarikleri tespit edilmiş, birinci başlıkta rivayetin isnâd analizleri yapılmış ve ikinci başlıkta da metin analizi yapılarak çalışma tamamlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda Ahmed b. Hanbel’in isnâd zincirinde yer alan Hüşeym b. Beşîr’in ‘tedlîs’ ile meşhûr olması nedeniyle bu rivâyetin sahîh olmadığı kanaatine varılmıştır. Humeydî ve İshâk b. Râhûye’nin ortak râvîsi olan Süfyân b. Uyeyne hakkında da ‘tedlîs’ yaptığı söylenmiş olsa da bu konudaki tüm bilgilere bakıldığında herhangi bir zayıf râvîyi gizleme düşüncesinden kaynaklanmadığı anlaşılmıştır. Bu iki râvînin haricinde tüm isnâdlar muttasıl, râvîler sika ve isnâdların sahih olduğu görülmüştür. Hadîse metin açısından baktığımızda da Kur’an âyetlerine veya diğer sahîh hadîslere gerek lafzen gerekse ma’nen çelişmediği kanaatine varılmıştır.

Abstract In this study, we consider the non-Markovian dynamics of the generic non-equilibrium kinetic process. We summarize the generalized master equation, the continuous and discrete forms of the time-fractional diffusion equation. Using path integral formulation, we generalized the solutions of the Markovian system to the non-Markovian for the non-equilibrium kinetic processes. Then, we obtain the time-fractional kinetic equation for the non-equilibrium systems in terms of free energy. Finally, we introduce a time-fractional equation to analyse time evolution of the open probability for the deformed voltage-gated ion-channel system as an example.

Abstract In order to examine the work and efficiency of the space-fractional quantum heat engine, we consider a model of the space-fractional quantum heat engine which has a Stirling-like cycle with a single particle under infinite potential well as an example. We numerically compute the work and efficiency for various fractional exponents. We show the work and the efficiency of the engine depending on the length of the potential well and fractional exponent of the engine. Furthermore, we show that fractional exponent plays a substantial role in the operating range of the quantum heat engine. Thus, we conclude that the fractional parameter can be used as a tuning parameter to obtain positive work and efficiency for the large size of the quantum heat engine. Additionally, the numerical results and model imply that the size of the engine can be enlarged in the nano-scale by using fractional deformations. As a result, in this study, we have not only shown that fractional deformations in space play an important role on the work and efficiency of the quantum heat engines but also introduced the concept of fractional quantum heat engines to the literature.

In this paper, we investigate the phase transitions of Reissner-Nordström (RN) and Schwarzschild black holes for the extended uncertainty principle (EUP) framework. Considering temperature T, charge Q and electric potential Φ as the state parameters, we show the van der Waals (vdW) like phase transition of RN black hole in Q−Φ diagrams and find the critical points depending on EUP parameter α. Furthermore, we find Hawking-Page like phase transition for Schwarzschild black hole. The results imply that the black holes in asymptotically flat space have the similar phase structure with the black holes in anti-de Sitter (AdS) space.

Midyat 19. yüzyılın sonlarına kadar Yakubi/Süryani Hristiyanların çoğunlukta olduğu ve Turabdin olarak tanımlanan bölgenin merkezidir. Bölgede Müslüman, Hristiyan ve Yezidiler, Süryanice, Kürtçe, Arapça (Mahallemi) ve Ermenice konuşarak farklı din ve etnik kimlikleriyle günlük yaşamın olağan seyri içinde çapraz ilişki ağları geliştirdiler. Midyat ve çevresinde Müslümanlar ve Hristiyanlar dil, mezhep ve aşiret gibi farklı ve kısmen nisbi kimlikler üzerinden çatışma ve ittifak alanları oluşturdular. Ancak “Çok Kimlikli Toplumlarda İhtida/İrtidat Hareketleri ve Kadınların “Öteki” ile Evliliği: Midyat Örneği” adı verilen bu çalışmada da görüleceği gibi, tüm bu varsayımsal kimlikler kadınların din değiştirerek evliliği söz konusu olduğunda terkedilerek, kitleleri bir din veya mezhep etrafında toplayabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Tanzimat’la beraber kaza merkezi olan Midyat’ın toplumsal yapısı bağlamında ihtida ve kadınların din değiştirerek yaptıkları evliliklerin ilişkilere etkisi incelenecektir. Makalede çok kimlikli toplumsal ilişkilerde din değiştirme ve kadınların “öteki” ile evlilikleri cemaatin namusuna doğrudan bir saldırı olarak algılandığı, simgesel zafer ya da yenilgi olarak değerlendirildiği, cemaatler arası dinî çatışma ve ittifaklara dönüştüğü Midyat özelinde iddia edilmektedir.

State-Yazidi Relationships in the Ottoman Empire Regarding Obedience, Belief and Military Abstract Yazidis or Ezidis are a Kurdish speaking religion group, living in the Sheyhan and Sinjar region around Mosul as well as rural areas of Diyarbakır, Urfa and Mardin. Yazidism is an ethno-religious faith, which is specific to certain families and in which any person out of this belief is not accepted. There are still unresolved debates about when and by whom Yazidism was founded, its origin, and basic belief figures. Islamic scholars argue that the Yezidism was founded by the community known as Adeviye Sect, maintained by the followers of Adi. b. Müsafir,(555/1160) a Sunni sufi, after his death but then deviated from the belief of Islam in time and became an aberrant religion. Some also claim that this belief has survived as a remnant of Iranian religions such as Zarathustra, Mani and Mithraism (Mihrperest). The Ottoman Empire, occupied the surrounding of Mosul and Diyarbekir in 1514, started to have relationships with the Yazidis. Following this date, the state-Yezidi relationships in the Ottoman Empire regarding obedience, belief and military started. When the Yazidis followed the rules specified by the state, they were granted agricultural lands and areas, and they were accepted to be citizens. However, when they did not obey and revolted, they were accused of being disbeliever, not performing prayers and being aberrant, for this reason, they were punished. In this regard, the attitude of the state towards heterodox groups was determined not by religion and belief, but rather by sovereignty and obedience in the classical period of the Ottoman Empire. With the period of Tanzimat, the state-Yazidi relationships, which was centered on obedience, was first transformed into “Ottomanism”, in which all citizens were accepted equal based on belief and military, and then Pan Islamism. Yazidi clergymen and leading figures refused to join the military by urging that their religion did not allow this. Faith and belief were at that time essential for the Ottoman Empire-Yazidi relationships, which was previously based on obedience and revolt. A number of projects were performed for communities and groups which were wanted to be included in the Pan-Islamism and prevent them from being targeted by foreign interventions. In this respect, in addition to the activities of heyet-i tefhimiye, fırka-i ıslahiye, irşad committees, religious education, school and mosque construction activities were initiated. The offer of the Yazidis to solve military problems by paying a certain amount of money like Christians and Jews was not accepted by the state. After the second constitutional era, the demands of the Yazidis regarding a treatment such as exemption from military service in return for jizya or paid military service as a separate religion like Christians and Jews began to be discussed among the Ottoman bureaucrats and administrators. They stated that the group declaring themselves as Yezidi and believing in this respect had to be accepted as Yazidi in accordance with religious and sect freedom, the State had to recognize the religion of the Yazidis and their spiritual leaders had to benefit from the laws applicable for the spiritual leaders of non-Muslim groups. In this article, it is sought to answer the belief problems of the Yazidis and the question of whether the factor of obedience or belief were more determinant in Ottoman-Yazidi relationships. In this research it is claimed that in the classical period when the Ottoman Empire was powerful, its attitude towards the peripheral belief groups and communities was determined by obedience, not by religion and belief. After the Tanzimat, when the external pressures were dominant, these groups were tried to be included in the center by correcting their beliefs by means of military services. This article is divided into three parts: In the first part, the founder and naming of the Yazidi belief, which constitute the main problem of their history, will be examined. In this context, this section will discuss their relations with Satan and Yazid figures, which they define with a different physiognomy. The second part will analyse the Ottoman-Yazidi encounter in the classical period. The third part will focus on military service, which became the main problem in the state-Yezidi relations after the Tanzimat era. The contradictions in the beliefs of the Yazidis also an important part of this article. Therefore, the mühimme defters and the other archive documents were also used in this study to understand the Ottoman Empire's approach to Yazidis and the other-similar heretic groups in the classical and the Tanzimat period. This article will fill an important gap by comparing the functioning of the Ottoman state mechanism in the classical and Tanzimat era. Keywords: .

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has relatively become a part of our lives in many fields including education. As a recent AI tool generated by OpenAI, ChatGPT offers numerous opportunities and challenges for language learners and teachers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of language learners and teachers in the use of ChatGPT during the language learning and teaching process. Phenomenological design, which is a type of qualitative research, was used in this study. Participants in the study were 8 English language learners with a background in English language learning and 3 English Language teachers with teaching experience at different levels. The participants were voluntarily selected through a purposive sampling and the interview technique was used as the data collection instrument. The findings of the study revealed that ChatGPT and AI were considered to be useful tools for language learning and teaching, although they presented some challenges that can be overcome with the advancement of technology. It is believed that students and teachers will be more involved in ChatGPT and AI in the future with its introduction into the language teaching curriculum, pre-service and in-service teachers' curriculum and the improvement of teachers' technological and pedagogical content knowledge.

The objective of this research is to construct a scale for assessing the extent of parents' 'sharenting' behavior and to assess its psychometric characteristics. The development of the Sharenting Scale commenced with a comprehensive review of relevant literature. Subsequently, a preliminary version of the scale was administered to 300 parents who utilize social media platforms. Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted on the collected data, revealing a two-factor structure comprising nine items. The analysis indicated that the two-factor structure accounted for 66.51% of the total variance. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted using data collected from 191 parents who completed the aforementioned scale. The goodness-of-fit indices indicated satisfactory fit values: X[superscript 2]/df= 2.06, RMSEA= 0.075, CFI= 0.96, IFI= 0.96, TLI= 0.95, GFI= 0.94, NFI= 0.93. The convergent validity of the scale was assessed through the calculation of Average Variance Extracted and Composite Reliability values. Furthermore, the internal consistency reliability of the Sharenting Scale was evaluated using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, yielding a value of 0.82. Additionally, the stability of the scale was examined via a test-retest method, resulting in a correlation coefficient of 0.83. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the Sharenting Scale demonstrates both validity and reliability as a measurement tool for assessing parents' 'sharenting' behavior.

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a course taught with worksheets on the subject of blood circulation. The study was conducted with students aged 12-13 in a single class at a public middle school. This worksheet has seven questions in total. At the end of the lesson, the students' opinions about the lesson were obtained through an open-ended interview form. The data obtained from these open-ended interviews were analyzed via content analysis. According to the analysis results, the students learned the subject meaningfully. Students learned better thanks to teaching with worksheets. Therefore, it has been stated that such studies, as in this study, can be useful in terms of science teaching and that it would be appropriate to use them in teaching other subjects as well.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS CoV-2) is a single-stranded positive polarity RNA virus with a high virulence effect. Spike (S) glycoprotein is the outermost component of the SARS CoV-2 virion and is important in the entry of the virus into the cell via the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. ACE2 plays an important role in the regulation of human blood pressure by converting the vasoconstrictor angiotensin 2 to the vasodilator angiotensin 1-7. In this study, the changes that mutations in Asian isolates may cause in S glycoprotein structure were analyzed and modeled to contribute to drug and vaccine targeting studies. Genome, proteome and mutation analyses were done using bioinformatics tools (MAFFT, MegaX, PSIPRED, MolProbity, PyMoL). Protein modelling was performed using ProMod3. We detected 26 mutations in the S glycoprotein. The changes that these mutations reveal in the general topological and conformational structure of the S glycoprotein may affect the virulence features of SARS CoV-2. It was determined that mutations converted the receptor binding domain (RBD) from down-formation to like-up formation. It is thought that conformational change occurring after mutation in RBD may cause an increase in receptor affinity. These findings could be beneficial for disease prevention of and drug/vaccine development for SARS CoV-2.

Background: Falls constitute a problem especially in individuals aged above 70 years in terms of fracture formation. Considering the etiology of falling, insufficiency of the blood flow which feeds the balance center in the brain may cause postural hypotension and vertigo and may lead to falling. Objective: In this study, we emphasized the importance of evaluating vertebrobasilar blood flow in the etiology of fractures in the elderly. Methods: This study was executed on 48 patients aged 70 years and older (28 females, 20 males, mean age 80.45), who were presented to the emergency department of Dumlupınar University Evliya Çelebi Training and Research Hospital with hip fractures resulting from a simple fall around where they live, diagnosed with hip fractures and treated via joint prostheses or different internal and external fixation methods. After the stabilization of the patients' postoperative fractures, the carotid artery lumen and blood flow, vertebral arterial lumen, diameter and blood flow were examined via doppler ultrasonography. The control group was comprised of 48 patients aged 70 years and older (26 females, 22 males, mean age 75.52 years) who were presented to the Polyclinic of Neurology for routine examination and had no falling and fracture history, and the carotid artery and vertebral artery examination of this group was also performed by the same radiologist via doppler ultrasonography Results: In individuals aged above 70 years, temporary cerebral blood flow disorders are more severe in those with vertebrobasilar insufficiency. This study was conducted between 2015-2016 on 48 patients aged 70 years and older (28 females and 20 males), who were presented to the emergency department of Dumlupınar University Faculty of Medicine Training and Research Hospital and hospitalized due to hip fractures; the control group was comprised of 48 patients within the same age group, who were presented to the Polyclinic of Neurology with different complaints (26 females and 22 males).The vertebral arterial diameters and flow velocities of the patients were assessed via Doppler USG. Conclusion: The vertebral arterial diameters and flow velocities were found statistically lower in the patient group with fracture formation resulting from falling.We recommend taking precautions against the risk of falling in patients aged above 70 years who are found to have a flow decrease through carotid artery doppler USG at certain intervals.

Abstract In this study, we consider the quantum Szilárd engine with a single particle under the fractional power-law potential. We suggest that such kind of the Szilárd engine works a Stirling-like cycle. We obtain energy eigenvalues and canonical partition functions for the degenerate and non-degenerate cases in this cycle process. By using these quantities we numerically compute work and efficiency for this thermodynamic cycle for various power-law potentials with integer and non-integer exponents. We show that the presented simple engine also yields positive work and efficiency. We discuss the importance of fractional dynamics in physics and finally, we conclude that fractional calculus should be included in the fields of quantum information and thermodynamics.

Abstract 3CLpro of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the enzymes required for the replication process of the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, changes in protein stability and substrate affinity caused by mutations were investigated to stir the development of potent inhibitors. Sequence data of samples were obtained from the NCBI Virus database. Mutation analyses were performed with RDP4 and MegaX. 3CLpro tertiary models were created using Robetta. Molecular docking for peptidomimetic substrate and inhibitor ligand was done with Autodock v4.2 and Haddock v2.4. Protein stability analysis was performed using mCSM stability and DynaMut2. Twenty-four missense mutations in 3CLpro were identified in this study. Changes in the 3CLpro structure induced by the mutations Met49Thr, Leu167Ser, and Val202Ala resulted in significant levels of instability (-2.029,-2.612,-2.177 kcal.mol-1, respectively). The lowest interaction energy for substrate was -58.7 kcal.mol-1 and -62.6 kcal.mol-1 in wild-type and mutant, respectively. The lowest docking energy for ligand was -6.19 and -9.52 kcal.mol-1 for wild-type and mutant, respectively. This study reports for the first time that mutations cause increased substrate affinity of 3CLpro from SARS-CoV-2. This research provides important data for the development of potent peptidomimetic inhibitors for the treatment of COVID-19.

Chilo partellus Swinhoe 1885 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a serious pest of maize in many parts of the world. It was reported for the first time in 2014 in the Mediterranean part of Turkey. Degree-Day (DD) models were developed to predict seasonal dynamics in maize fields using 3-parameter 'Boltzman' and a 4-parameter Logistic regressions. Larval/plant counts were monitored in pesticide-free maize fields in Adana, Turkey from 2017 to 2019. Depending on the year, the first record of C. partellus was between 03-14 May, corresponding to ~ 9-12 DD accumulated from 01 May. There were two main peaks; one in each of the maize growing seasons. The models accurately predicted the phenology of C. partellus with an Adj. R 2 greater than 0.80. The 'Boltzman' regression had lower AICc, ΔAICc and Wі values than the logistic regression. Based on the 'Boltzman' model, 50% of the accumulated larvae/plant count for the first and second generations (peaks) occurred at 80DD and 375DD, 81DD and 413DD, and 54DD and 289DD in 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. For the logistic regression model, 50% of the accumulated larvae/plant counts occurred for the first and second generation at 90DD and 362DD, 62DD, and 45DD and 250DD in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Both these models could play a crucial role in the integrated pest management (IPM) of C. partellus in maize fields in Mediterranean regions.

Orius spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is well-known genus of generalist predators, which feed on numerous pest insects and mites infesting crops. In this study, the functional responses of the predatory bugs, Orius laevigatus (Fieber) and Orius vicinus (Ribaut), to different densities of the eggs of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and red spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), were determined under laboratory conditions. Different numbers of eggs (2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128) of both species of prey were offered to females of the above predators for 24-h in a controlled environment of 25 ± 1°C, 60 ± 10% RH and under a 16L : 8D photoperiod. The parameters of the functional responses were assessed using Holling's Disc Equation. Both predators showed a Type II response to both prey. The attack rates (a) and handling times (Th) of the predators were computed for spider mites eggs: O. laevigatus (a: 0.972, Th: 0.007) and O. vicinus (a: 1.113, Th: 0.005), and whitefly eggs: O. laevigatus (a: 1.022, Th: 0.002) and O. vicinus (a: 0.772 Th: 0.006). Furthermore, the average number of B. tabaci eggs consumed by O. laevigatus females was greater than by those of O. vicinus. In contrast, O. vicinus was a more efficient predator of T. urticae eggs than O. laevigatus. Consequently, these results indicate that together these predators might be effective biological control agents in regulating populations of B. tabaci and T. urticae in agricultural ecosystems.

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health emergency. The main protease (Mpro) is crucial for the life cycle of coronaviruses. Boceprevir is a potential inhibitor and drug candidate for the Mpro of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, changes in the protein structure of the Mpro due to mutations in SARS-CoV-2 and the effects of these changes on boceprevir affinity, an important potential therapeutic agent, were investigated. The mutations were analyzed with RDP4 and MegaX. A three-dimensional model of mutant Mpro was generated by ProMod3. Qualitative Model Energy Analysis, ProSA, and MolProbity tools were used for structural validation and modeling of the wild-type and mutant Mpro proteins. Topological differences of the wild-type and mutant Mpro were calculated with the i-Tasser TM-Score. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock 4.2. Functional dynamic structure models were created with DynOmics. Seven mutations (L89F, K90R, P108S, A191V, T224A, A234V and S254F) were detected in the Mpro of SARS-CoV-2. The mutations caused a decrease in the affinity of boceprevir, a potential protease inhibitor. The boceprevir was docked to the active site of Mpro, and the binding energies were −10.34 and −9.41 kcal.mol-1 for the wild-type and the mutant, respectively. The Debye-Waller factors calculated by elastic network model analysis were 0.58 and 0.64 Å2 for the wild-type Mpro and mutant Mpro, respectively. Mutations in structures that are important drug targets for SARS-CoV-2 may render existing therapeutics ineffective in its treatment.

Some thysanopteran (thrips) species are recognized as pests of ornamentals. They cause typical feeding damage by scarring petals, flowers buds or leaves; thus resulting in a decrease at market values of ornamentals. However, thrips composition and importance on ornamental plants in Turkey are not well-understood. Thysanopteran species on ornamentals grown in the parks, home gardens and greenhouses in the Çukurova region of Turkey were investigated during years 2013-2014. Thrips were collected by shaking the plants onto the white tray. Thrips were slide-mounted and identified. In this work, 62 plant species belonging to 35 plant families were investigated for thrips. A total of 1875 thrips adults were extracted from a total 256 plant samples. A total of 23 thysanopteran species belonged to 3 families of order Thysanoptera were determined: Aeolothripidae (6 species), Phlaeothripidae (5 species) and Thripidae (12 species). Haplothrips tamaricinus Priesner was the first time detected in Turkey. Ornamentals belonged to family Asteraceae were more attractive to thrips, bearing relatively high species numbers and high numbers of adult thrips. Majority of thrips were collected from multi-flowering ornamentals. Only Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) was recorded on the ornamentals grown commercially in greenhouses, infesting most of herbaceous plant species with flowers. The most notable species were in descending order F. occidentalis, Neohydathothrips samayunkur (Kudo) and Thrips tabaci Lind. The thrips fauna was dominated by F. occidentalis, this thrips being found in 51.17% of the samples and consisting 81.47 % of the specimens. The second major species N. samayunkur comprised 5.07% of the samples and accounted for 7.72% of the specimens.

In this paper, we defined weighted (Eλ,q)(Cλ,1) statistical convergence. We also proved some properties of this type of statistical convergence by applying (Eλ,q)(Cλ,1) summability method. Moreover, we used (Eλ,q)(Cλ,1) summability theorem to prove Korovkin’s type approximation theorem for functions on general and symmetric intervals. We also investigated some of the results of the rate of weighted (Eλ,q)(Cλ,1) statistical convergence and studied some sequences spaces defined by Orlicz functions.

Objective: Widely used method is blinded puncture of subclavian vein, but the complication rate is high in this method. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the effect of roadmap use during implantation of permanent pacemaker on the success rate, speed of puncture and complications. Methods: The study was designed as a prospective randomized controlled study. Totally, 125 devices were implanted to the patients included in the study, and 518 punctures were performed for implantation of these devices. 186 punctures were performed in roadmap group and 332 punctures were performed in conventional group. Two groups were compared with regard to clinical and demographic features, speed and success of puncture and complications. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Median duration of intervention for each puncture was 27 (15/46) s in roadmap group and 56 (30/100) s in conventional group. The number of attempts for a successful puncture was detected as 1 (1/2) in roadmap group and 2 (2/4) in conventional group. Arterial puncture incidence was 10.3% in roadmap group and 37% in conventional group (P < 0.001 for all). Considering complications, the incidence of pneumothorax and intramuscular puncture was seen lower significantly (P = 0.046 and P = 0.006, respectively). Conclusion: Number of attempts for successful puncture, time needed for successful puncture, number of arterial puncture and complication rate was significantly lower in patients undergoing pacemaker implantation by roadmap technique. Based on these data, roadmap technique may take the place of conventional method of puncture.

An alternative approach, known today as the Bernstein polynomials, to the Weierstrass uniform approximation theorem was provided by Bernstein. These basis polynomials have attained increasing momentum, especially in operator theory, integral equations and computer-aided geometric design. Motivated by the improvements of Bernstein polynomials in computational disciplines, we propose a new generalization of Bernstein–Kantorovich operators involving shape parameters λ, α and a positive integer as an original extension of Bernstein–Kantorovich operators. The statistical approximation properties and the statistical rate of convergence are also obtained by means of a regular summability matrix. Using the Lipschitz-type maximal function, the modulus of continuity and modulus of smoothness, certain local approximation results are presented. Some approximation results in a weighted space are also studied. Finally, illustrative graphics that demonstrate the approximation behavior and consistency of the proposed operators are provided by a computer program.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada yatan hasta memnuniyetini değerlendirmeye yönelik geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç geliştirmek amaçlandı. Yöntem: Araştırma kesitsel - tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır. “Yatan Hasta Memnuniyeti Ölçeği”nin oluşturulması için araştırmacılar tarafından hastalarla görüşmeler yapıldı. Elde edilen bulgular ve kapsamlı literatür incelenmesi doğrultusunda madde havuzu (87 madde) oluşturuldu. Oluşturulan bu madde havuzu yönetici hemşireler ve uzman hemşirelerin görüşlerine sunuldu. Ölçeğin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması için İstanbul’da bir üniversiteye bağlı tıp fakültesi hastanesinden 1-31 Aralık 2016 tarihleri arasında hizmet alan hasta evreninden 1210 hasta örneklemi seçildi. Kurumdan ve hastalardan gerekli izinler alındı. Ölçek maddeleri geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik açısından istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan hastaların %52,15’i kadın, %31,98’i 45-50 yaş arasında, %42,48’i lise mezunudur. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliliği analizinde, örneklem yeterlilik ölçümü değeri 0,985 olarak belirlendi. Ölçeği oluşturulan beş alt ölçek, varyansın %73,537’ini açıklamaktadır. Yapılan analiz sonucu, modelin uygunluğuna ilişkin uyum ölçümü değeri 0.085 olup, kabul edilebilir uyum göstermektedir. Ölçeğin Cronbach alfa (α) iç tutarlık katsayısının 0.98, alt boyutların ise 0,93-0,97 arasında olduğu bulundu. Sonuç: Bu araştırmanın sonucunda 48 maddeden oluşan “Yatan Hasta Memnuniyeti Ölçeği” geliştirildi. İstatistiksel değerlendirme sonucunda ölçek geçerli ve güvenilir bulundu.

This paper is based on the study of the paper of Scardigli and Casadio (2015) [56] where the authors computed the light deflection and perihelion precession for the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) modified Schwarzschild metric. In the present work, we computed the gravitational tests such as Shapiro time delay, gravitational redshift, and geodetic precession for the GUP modified Schwarzschild metric. Using the results of Solar system experiments and observations, we obtain upper bounds for the GUP parameter β. Finally, we compare our bounds with other bounds in the literature.

Thrips (Thysanoptera) is often recognized as harmful insect species in crops cultivated in Çukurova region of Turkey. Some thrips species is also well-known as a vector of virus disease of some plants. Knowledge of thrips and beneficial insects in medicinal and aromatic plants is not well-understood. For this aim, this study was carried out on medicinal and aromatic plants grown naturally in Balcalı campus of Çukurova University during 2013-2014. A total of 13 plant species belonging to nine plant families were sampled. A total of 11 Thysanoptera species belonging to families Aeolothripidae, Phlaeothripidae and Thripidae were identified. A total of six predatory insect species, most of which belong to family Anthocoridae (order Hemiptera) was recorded. Thrips tabaci Lindeman was the most prevalent pest thrips comprising of 33.85% of total adult individuals. Predatory anthocorid Orius niger (Wolff) accounted for 68.66% of total predatory adult insects. Species numbers and abundance of thrips and their predators were greater on Lantana camara (Lantana) than on others. Ocimum basilicum (Basil), Salvia spledens (Scarlet sage) and Hibiscus syriacus (Rose of Sharon) did not host any harmful insects. O. basilicum visited by most Orius species may have showed repellent effect against the pest thrips, while it is more attractive to Orius species. No thrips or any insect damage was observed on the plants sampled. One reason of this issue may be due to insect suppressions by the predatory insects. O. basilicum may also be evaluated as a banker plant supporting predators in ecologically cultivations of medicinal and aromatic and other crop plants.

Osmanlı/İslam şehir unsurları içinde cami, pazar ve hamam üç temel mekânı oluşturmaktadır. Şehir hinterlandından getirilen ürünlerin değişiminin sağlandığı pazar yerleri, temizlik için hamam ve cuma namazı kılınan caminin etrafında oluşan şehirlere daha sonra başka unsurlar eklenmişse de bu üç temel mekân/yapı şehrin mahalleler dışındaki temel mekânları olma özelliklerini korumuşlardır. Ticari mekânlar toprağa bağlı olamayan üretim malları ve diğer ürünlerin pazarlandığı ve bir yerleşim biriminin şehir sayılabilmesinin en önemli unsurlarının başında gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada klasik Osmanlı/İslam şehir özelliklerini içinde barındıran Siverek şehrinin ticari mekânları olan pazar yerleri, çarşılar ve hanlar 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısına tarihlenen Siverek Şer’iye Sicillerindeki veriler ışığında ortaya konmuştur.

Abstract In this paper, we study Joule–Thomson expansion for Kerr–AdS black holes in the extended phase space. A Joule–Thomson expansion formula of Kerr–AdS black holes is derived. We investigate both isenthalpic and numerical inversion curves in the T–P plane and demonstrate the cooling–heating regions for Kerr–AdS black holes. We also calculate the ratio between minimum inversion and critical temperatures for Kerr–AdS black holes.

Intraguild predation of a generalist predator, Orius niger Wolff (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), was determined in choice and no-choice experiments using a factitious host, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), under laboratory conditions. Choice and no-choice experiments were conducted in order to assess the level of intraguild predation of O. niger on E. kuehniella eggs parasitized by T. evanescens. In no-choice experiments, approximately 50 sterile (1) non-parasitized, (2) 3-day-old parasitized, or (3) 6-day-old parasitized E. kuehniella eggs were offered to 24-h-old females of O. niger in glass tubes. In choice experiments approximately 25 eggs of two of the three groups mentioned above were offered to 24-h-old O. niger females. In both choice and no-choice experiments, O. niger consumed more non-parasitized eggs of E. kuehniella. However, intraguild predation occurred, especially of 3-day-old parasitoids, but very few 6-day-old parasitized eggs were consumed. The preference index was nearly 1 indicating O. niger preferred mainly non-parasitized E. kuehniella eggs. A lower level of intraguild predation is expected under field conditions but needs to be investigated using further experiments.