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SESPM is a public health framework used to organize potentially contributing factors and identify prevention and intervention opportunities INTRO Suicide rates among United States active-duty military personnel have increased precipitously since 2011. In order to identify missed opportunities for prevention, the social-ecological suicide prevention model (SESPM) was used to guide the review of Calendar Year 2020 Air Force and Navy suicide deaths. The SESPM is a public health framework used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to organize suicide risk and protective factors and identify prevention opportunities (Cramer & Kapusta, 2017; Stone et al., 2017). This poster provides two illustrative examples of how the SESPM is applied to the review of military suicide deaths for the Department of Defense Standardized Suicide Fatality Analysis (DoD StandS; LaCroix et al., 2021). METHODS The following documents were reviewed for each Air Force and Navy suicide decedent: • Report of Investigation (ROI) • Department of Defense Suicide Event Report (DoDSER) • Medical Records • Military Service Records A doctoral-level psychologist completed an SESPM worksheet for each decedent in order to organize potentially contributing factors at societal, military community, relational, and individual levels to help identify opportunities for suicide prevention. MISSED OPPORTUNITIES • May have benefited from career-related counseling when not selected for promotion • Shorter wait times for mental health services and/or greater availability of online or telephone-based appointments would have provided more opportunities to connect with care • Improving communication and coordination of care between mental health clinics at different installations can help prevent gaps in treatment when Service members relocate • May have benefited from being reassigned to a job that was better suited to his responsibilities • Better follow-up tracking and communication would have ensured that t, RITM0040369, Suicide rates among United States active-duty military personnel have increased precipitously since 2011. In order to identify missed opportunities for prevention, the social-ecological suicide prevention model (SESPM) was used to guide the review of Calendar Year 2020 Air Force and Navy suicide deaths. The SESPM is a public health framework used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to organize suicide risk and protective factors and identify prevention opportunities (Cramer & Kapusta, 2017; Stone et al., 2017). This poster provides two illustrative examples of how the SESPM is applied to the review of military suicide deaths for the Department of Defense Standardized Suicide Fatality Analysis (DoD StandS; LaCroix et al., 2021).

Tiivistelmä Lähtökohdat: Suomessa tuli 1.5.2019 voimaan niin sanottu toisiolaki eli Laki sosiaali- ja terveystietojen toissijaisesta käytöstä. Kyselytutkimuksemme tarkoitus oli selvittää kliinikkotutkijoiden kokemuksia toisiolain vaikutuksista ja käytännön toteutuksesta. Menetelmät: Suomalaisia kliinikkotutkijoita pyydettiin arvioimaan Webropol-alustalla toisiolain aiheuttamia aikataulumuutoksia, talousvaikutuksia, tutkimusyhteistyössä tapahtuneita muutoksia, mahdollisia esteitä ja hyötyjä lain voimaantuloon liittyen sekä muita lain aiheuttamia positiivisia ja negatiivisia vaikutuksia. Tulokset: Vastaajista (n = 430) 64,4 % raportoi, että tutkimustoiminnan kustannukset ovat nousseet toisiolain mukana. Vastaajista 38,4–45,6 % oli jättänyt tutkimusprojekteja käynnistämättä joko lupahakemuksen hinnan tai etäkäyttöympäristön kustannusten sekä sen käyttövaatimuksen vuoksi. Päätelmät: Tutkimuksemme perusteella on syytä epäillä, että toisiolain soveltaminen vaikuttaa heikentävästi julkaisujen määrään ja laatuun ja heikentää Suomen kilpailukykyä etenkin tutkijalähtöisessä tutkimuksessa. Toisiolain seuraukset kohdistuvat erityisesti suomalaisiin potilaisiin, heidän hoitonsa laatuun sekä hoidon tasavertaisuuteen., Background: The Act on the Secondary Use of Health and Social Data (Secondary Use Act) came into effect in Finland in May 2019. The purpose of our survey was to evaluate clinical researchers’ experiences with the implementation and effects of the act. Methods: The survey, directed to clinical researchers in Finland, was conducted on the Webropol platform. The respondents evaluated the effects and consequences of the Secondary Use Act, including scheduling, financing, and collaborating in research. Potential benefits, barriers and other positive and negative effects of this act were also assessed. Results: A total of 430 respondents completed the survey. Of these, 64.4% reported higher costs of research following implementation of the Secondary Use Act while 38.4–45.6% of respondents reported that the act had prevented starting new research projects due to application costs, demand for the use of remote access and mandatory costs associated with its use. Conclusions: According to our survey, the Secondary Use Act has had alarming effects and consequences in Finnish clinical research, reducing the number of research outputs, the quality of research, and the competitiveness of Finnish research internationally, especially in researcher-driven science. The consequences of the Secondary Use Act negatively impact Finnish patients, quality of care, and equality of care.

Purpose: To investigate how reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among adults in Sweden is associated to age and sex, in addition to seriousness of the reaction and drug utilisation. Methods: Individual case safety reports (ICSRs) reported by healthcare professionals to the national pharmacovigilance database 2008–2011 were related to defined daily dose (DDD) in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (SPDR) for individual’s ≥20 years. Data were stratified into five age groups. Crude and adjusted (by age standardisation of prescribed drugs) reporting rate (RR) and reporting rate ratio was evaluated as well as impact of sex-dependent drugs. Results: Based on 9898 included ICSRs, the crude results show that overall RR was almost similar for both serious and non-serious reports and indicates highest RR in the youngest age group. Women had higher rates than men, with predominance for non-serious reports, contrary to men who had a higher RR of serious ones. Standardisation led partly to the same result, but age-related distribution was adjusted, with highest overall RR in the oldest age groups. Sex-dependent drugs had marginal impact on the results. Conclusion: Age and sex have impact on spontaneous reporting of ADRs. After adjusting for dispensed drugs and by standardisation of age-related differences in prescribed drugs, results indicate that healthcare professionals more frequently reported ADRs for the oldest individuals and for women. Serious reports were more frequently reported for men.

High current densities are desirable in Cu electrowinning but the conditions must be modified to increase the limiting current density above a certain level to obtain a smooth deposit. One possibility is to decrease the Cu2+ boundary layer around the cathode by enhancing agitation using, for example, gas sparging, and a second is to modify the electrowinning parameters to increase the diffusion of Cu ions. The two methods were compared in bench-scale experiments carried out at a current density of 450 A/m2 using a 120 cm high cell to obtain a representative vertical profile for the deposited Cu cathodes. Under typical electrowinning conditions only nodular and dendritic Cu cathodes were deposited. A specially designed manifold was used to provide different sizes of bubbles and gas sparging produced good surface quality Cu cathodes. Optimum electrowinning parameters in relation to temperature and sulphuric acid and Cu concentrations without gas sparging were tested and good surface quality Cu cathodes were also obtained. Different electrowinning parameters also affected the Cu crystal growth. In practice the use of the optimum electrowinning parameters would require changes in the solvent extraction/electrowinning flowsheet. Theoretically, the rich electrolyte Cu concentration from solvent extraction could be increased to some extent without serious reduction in Cu recovery, but the solubility of Cu places some limits. Solvent extraction and electrowinning should be considered together in process optimisation. Utilising a high current density, either by optimising the electrowinning conditions or using air sparging, leads to a smaller number of cells and savings in the capital expenses of the tankhouse., High current densities are desirable in Cu electrowinning but the conditions must be modified to increase the limiting current density above a certain level to obtain a smooth deposit. One possibility is to decrease the Cu2+ boundary layer around the cathode by enhancing agitation using, for example, gas sparging, and a second is to modify the electrowinning parameters to increase the diffusion of Cu ions. The two methods were compared in bench-scale experiments carried out at a current density of 450 A/m2 using a 120 cm high cell to obtain a representative vertical profile for the deposited Cu cathodes. Under typical electrowinning conditions only nodular and dendritic Cu cathodes were deposited. A specially designed manifold was used to provide different sizes of bubbles and gas sparging produced good surface quality Cu cathodes. Optimum electrowinning parameters in relation to temperature and sulphuric acid and Cu concentrations without gas sparging were tested and good surface quality Cu cathodes were also obtained. Different electrowinning parameters also affected the Cu crystal growth. In practice the use of the optimum electrowinning parameters would require changes in the solvent extraction/electrowinning flowsheet. Theoretically, the rich electrolyte Cu concentration from solvent extraction could be increased to some extent without serious reduction in Cu recovery, but the solubility of Cu places some limits. Solvent extraction and electrowinning should be considered together in process optimisation. Utilising a high current density, either by optimising the electrowinning conditions or using air sparging, leads to a smaller number of cells and savings in the capital expenses of the tankhouse.

Outokumpu's VSF (Vertical Smooth Flow) technology is well suited for large equipment units and now produces almost 25% of electrowon copper. Spirox mixers ensure gentle and uniform liquid-liquid contact and large helical stirrers maintain vertical circulation. The dispersion overflow pump units can be designed for flows up to 5 000 m3/h and phase separation is promoted by a deep dense dispersion settler, with dispersion maintained at the feed end of the settler by guiding fences. To decrease plant size per unit of produced copper, flow in the organic circuit is reduced by increasing reagent concentration, the key feature of the new OutoCompact process. The purpose of the OutoCompact Copper SX Track process is to counteract any fluctuations in the Cu tenor of the pregnant leach solution, which would otherwise cause a fall in production. By changing flow configurations using valves in existing pipes, a single OutoCompact SX Track can treat a pregnant leach solution flow ranging from 4 000 to 8 000 m3/h, especially significant for flows containing 0.5 to 5 g/l Cu., Outokumpu's VSF (Vertical Smooth Flow) technology is well suited for large equipment units and now produces almost 25% of electrowon copper. Spirox mixers ensure gentle and uniform liquid-liquid contact and large helical stirrers maintain vertical circulation. The dispersion overflow pump units can be designed for flows up to 5 000 m3/h and phase separation is promoted by a deep dense dispersion settler, with dispersion maintained at the feed end of the settler by guiding fences. To decrease plant size per unit of produced copper, flow in the organic circuit is reduced by increasing reagent concentration, the key feature of the new OutoCompact process. The purpose of the OutoCompact Copper SX Track process is to counteract any fluctuations in the Cu tenor of the pregnant leach solution, which would otherwise cause a fall in production. By changing flow configurations using valves in existing pipes, a single OutoCompact SX Track can treat a pregnant leach solution flow ranging from 4 000 to 8 000 m3/h, especially significant for flows containing 0.5 to 5 g/l Cu.

The features of Outokumpu's VSF (vertical smooth flow) technology are described. They include the separation of pumping from the homogeneous gentle mixing, the coalescence of droplets and the ultra-pure settling. A major advantage of the mixing technology is the high efficiency of the stage, above 99%. Entrainment is extremely low and the plant layout very compact. Present design is based on experience of existing operations, for example at Zaldivar, Radomiro Tomic, Morenci, Kokkola and Harjavalta, which range in unit capacity from 60 to 3 600 m3/h. There are no factors to restrict increases in total flow up to 6 000 m3/h., The features of Outokumpu's VSF (vertical smooth flow) technology are described. They include the separation of pumping from the homogeneous gentle mixing, the coalescence of droplets and the ultra-pure settling. A major advantage of the mixing technology is the high efficiency of the stage, above 99%. Entrainment is extremely low and the plant layout very compact. Present design is based on experience of existing operations, for example at Zaldivar, Radomiro Tomic, Morenci, Kokkola and Harjavalta, which range in unit capacity from 60 to 3 600 m3/h. There are no factors to restrict increases in total flow up to 6 000 m3/h.