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1. The Impact of Partner Organizational Structure on Innovation.

Author

Balachandran, Sarath and Eklund, John

Subjects
ORGANIZATIONAL structure, RESEARCH & development, JOINT ventures, NEW business enterprises, INFORMATION sharing, KNOWLEDGE transfer, ORGANIZATIONAL centralization, DECENTRALIZATION in management
Abstract

Interorganizational partnerships can spur innovation, but their value may be diminished by friction in knowledge flows between firms. We consider how a partner's organizational structure may influence the knowledge that is accessible via partnerships. We focus on how a partner's structure trades off localized autonomy for its managers, which facilitates timelier decision making, and unified control, which facilitates integration. By shaping this balance, centralization of decision rights within the partner organization shapes access to its knowledge. Centralized structures generate wide-ranging internal knowledge pathways that enable access to a broader array of a partner's knowledge. However, the reduced managerial autonomy afforded by centralization makes decision making more cumbersome, which constricts the rate of access to a partner's knowledge. We find evidence of this tradeoff in the context of corporate venture capital relationships between incumbents and startups in the pharmaceutical industry. An increase in the incumbent's diversity of knowledge or in the knowledge required by the startup enhances the value of a greater breadth of access, whereas the degree to which the startup can leverage social ties (affinity) or hierarchical fiat (authority) alleviates the costs of a reduced access rate. Each of these features makes an incumbent organization's centralization more valuable to the startup. By highlighting this tension related to centralization, our findings suggest that new firms striving to maximize their partnership benefits may need to carefully consider their partners' internal structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. Pembrolizumab alone or combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy as first-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma (KEYNOTE-361): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial

Author

Cascallar, Diana Vera, Varela, Mirta, Lazzaro, Mauricio Fernandez, Kaen, Diego Lucas, Gatica, Gabriela, Flores, David Hugo, Falco, Agustin, Molina, Matias, Van Aelst, Filip, Vulsteke, Christof, Sautois, Brieuc, Machiels, Jean-Pascal, Schallier, Denis, Brust, Leandro, Rapatoni, Liane, Azevedo, Sergio J, Marinho, Gisele, Soares, Joao Paulo Holanda, Dzik, Carlos, Almeida Silva, Jamile, Fay, Andre Poisl, Gingerich, Joel, Fradet, Yves, Ferrario, Cristiano, Potvin, Kylea, Vanhuyse, Marie, Abdelsalam, Mahmoud, Cheng, Susanna, Caglevic, Christian, Reyes, Felipe, Leal, Jose Luis, Francisco, Francisco, Ibanez, Carolina, Joly, Florence, Laguerre, Brigitte, Ladoire, Sylvain, Flechon, Aude, Topart, Delphine, Huillard, Olivier, Oudard, Stéphane, Gross-Goupil, Marine, Culine, Stephane, Loriot, Yohann, Gravis, Gwenaelle, Reichardt, Peter, Retz, Margitta, Herden, Jan, Pfister, David, Ohlman, Carsten, Stoeckle, Michael, Wirth, Manfred, Lorch, Anja, Niegisch, Guenter, Goebell, Peter J, Boegemann, Martin, Merseburger, Axel, Gakis, Georgios, Bedke, Jens, Neisius, Andreas, Thomas, Christian, Hoefner, Thomas, Telekes, Andras, Kosa, Judit Erzsebet, Revesz, Janos, Bodoky, Gyorgy, Csoszi, Tibor, Csejtei, Andras, Geczi, Lajos, Ruzsa, Agnes, Kolonics, Zsuzsanna, Erfan, Jozsef, McDermott, Ray, Bambury, Richard, Sella, Avishay, Frank, Stephen Jay, Kejzman, Daniel, Goldman, Olesya, Rosenbaum, Eli, Peer, Avivit, Berger, Raanan, Rouvinov, Keren, Sarid, David, Fukasawa, Satoshi, Arai, Gaku, Yamaguchi, Akito, Yokomizo, Akira, Takayama, Tatsuya, Kinoshita, Hidefumi, Kikuchi, Eiji, Mizuno, Ryuichi, Fujii, Yasuhisa, Sassa, Naoto, Matsukawa, Yoshihisa, Fujimoto, Kiyohide, Matsubara, Nobuaki, Tanikawa, Toshiki, Tomita, Yoshihiko, Nishimura, Kazuo, Tsujihata, Masao, Oyama, Masafumi, Masumori, Naoya, Kanayama, Hiroomi, Takano, Toshimi, Miura, Yuji, Miyazaki, Jun, Joraku, Akira, Kimura, Tomokazu, Yamamoto, Yoshiaki, Kobayashi, Kazuki, De Wit, Ronald, Aarts, Maureen, Gerritsen, Winald, Los, Maartje, Beerepoot, Laurens, Izmailov, Adel, Gorelov, Sergey Igorevich, Alekseev, Boris Yakovlevich, Semenov, Andrey, Kostorov, Vladimir Anatolyevich, Alekseev, Sergey M, Zyryanov, Alexander, Oschepkov, Vasiliy Nikolaevich, Shidin, Vladimir Aleksandrovich, Vladimirov, Vladimir Ivanovich, Gafanov, Rustem Airatovich, Karlov, Petr Alexandrovich, Anderson, David Brian, Shepherd, Lucinda, Cohen, Graham Lawrence, Rapoport, Bernardo Louis, Ruff, Paul, Lee, Nari, Bae, Woo Kyun, Lee, Hyo Jin, Herranz, Urbano Anido, Rodriguez-Vida, Alejo, Morales Barrera, Rafael, Grande, Enrique, Alonso Gordoa, Teresa, Guma Padro, Josep, Gauna, Daniel Castellano, Arranz, Jose Angel, Munoz Langa, Jose, Sarrio, Regina Girones, Montesa Pino, Alvaro, Juan Fita, Maria Jose, Su, Yu-Li, Lin, Yung-Chang, Su, Wen-Pin, Shen, Ying-Chun, Chang, Yen-Hwa, Huang, Yi-Hsiu, Sriuranpong, Virote, Chansriwong, Phichai, Srimuninnimit, Vichien, Danchaivijitr, Pongwut, Abali, Huseyin, Yavuz, Sinan, Ozyilkan, Ozgur, Sendur, Mehmet Ali Nahit, Ekenel, Meltem, Ozguroglu, Mustafa, Arslan, Cagatay, Gunduz, Seyda, Ozdogan, Mustafa, Birtle, Alison, Powles, Thomas, Huddart, Robert, de Santis, Maria, Zarkar, Anjali, Evans, Linda, Hussain, Syed, DiSimone, Christopher, Muina, Antonio F, Schlegel, Peter, Jhangiani, Haresh S, Harrison, Michael, Slater, Dennis E, Wright, David, Percent, Ivor J, Lin, Jianqing, Hwang, Clara, Mamtani, Ronac, Gupta, Sumati, Bajaj, Madhuri, Galamaga, Robert, Eklund, John, Wallace, James, Shtivelband, Mikhail, Suh, Jason Jung-Gon, Burhani, Nafisa, Eadens, Matthew, Gunturu, Krishna, Burgess, Earle, Wong, John, Chaudhry, Arvind, Van Veldhuizen, Peter, Graff, Stephanie, Thomas, Christian A, Schnadig, Ian D, Carneiro, Benedito, Hussain, Maha, Morgans, Alicia, Fitzharris, John T, Oliff, Ira A, Vuky, Jacqueline, Hauke, Ralph, Baron, Ari, Joshi, Monika, Bolemon, Britt H, Jiang, Peter, Mega, Anthony E, Markus, Maurice, Pfanzelter, Nicklas, Lawler, William Eyre, Cobb, Patrick Wayne, Courtright, Jay G, Jain, Sharad, Doshi, Gurjyot, Gunuganti, Vijay K, Sartor, Oliver Alton, Cole, Scott W, Babiker, Hani, Uchio, Edward M, Drakaki, Alexandra, Mannuel, Heather D, Alva, Ajjai, Guancial, Elizabeth, Fung, Chunkit, Charles, Anthony, Amato, Robert J, Arriaga, Yull, Bowman, Isaac, Ades, Steven, Dreicer, Robert, Yu, Evan, Quinn, David I, Fleming, Mark, Csőszi, Tibor, Özgüroğlu, Mustafa, Géczi, Lajos, Cheng, Susanna Y-S, Oudard, Stephane, Fléchon, Aude, Yu, Evan Y, Nam, Kijoeng, Imai, Kentaro, and Homet Moreno, Blanca

Published
2021
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8. Flying Through Turbulent Environments: Physical Resource Reconfiguration and Redeployment.

Author

Eklund, John and Kang, Hyo

Abstract

We examine how firms respond to an unexpected industry shock that shifts demand patterns. We highlight the importance of reconfiguring and reallocating non-scale free physical resources to new applications to create new sources of value and being able to access new markets to capture value from these reconfigured resources. The COVID-19 pandemic's impact on the airline industry provides a unique opportunity to examine such a demand shock as there was a substantial decline in passenger demand coupled with a surge in cargo demand. Our findings from the US domestic airline industry reveal that firms possessing highly fungible narrow-bodied aircraft and operating in more dispersed markets were better able to take advantage of the shift from passenger to freight demand. A supplementary case study and interviews with industry experts both support the benefits of fungible physical resources and access to dispersed markets in shaping effective responses to turbulent environments. These findings offer important managerial implications, suggesting that firms whose resources are closely tailored to prevailing industry environments may be less able to adapt effectively to demand shifts caused by industry shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Pursuing the New While Sustaining the Current: Incumbent Strategies and Firm Value During the Nascent Period of Industry Change

Author

Eklund, John and Kapoor, Rahul

Subjects
Organizational change -- Analysis, Business, general, Social sciences
Abstract

This study considers the nascent period of industry change when the prevalent business model is being threatened by a new model, but there is significant uncertainty with respect to whether and when the new model will dominate. We focus on the challenge of incumbents pursuing both models simultaneously during the nascent period, and the implications on their firms' valuations. Our theory is premised on the adjustment costs incurred by incumbents associated with the sharing of resources across business models and the conflict between managers vying for limited resources. While firms' assets and competitive environments are key drivers of their value, we argue that they also impact adjustment costs. Evidence from the U.S. electric utility industry, which is undergoing a change from a centralized to a decentralized model, offers strong support for our arguments. The greater the level of incumbents' assets that are specific to the existing model, and the greater the level of competition that they face, the lower are their firms' valuations when investing in the new model relative to when investing in the existing model. Hence, ironically, those incumbents potentially most threatened by the change seem to be least rewarded for their efforts to renew themselves. However, pursuing the new model via alliances can help mitigate adjustment costs. The study uncovers the challenges that incumbents face as they pursue the new model in tandem with the existing dominant model, and helps explain why some incumbents may successfully navigate the changing industry landscape while others may stumble. Funding: Financial support was provided by the Mack Institute for Innovation Management at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Keywords: industry change * strategic renewal * business model * alliances * energy industry, Introduction Strategy scholars have long focused on the difficulties that incumbent firms face during episodes of industry change. The literature stream has traditionally viewed industry change through the lens of [...]

Published
2019
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11. KEEP YOUR EYE ON THE BALL OR ON THE FIELD? EXPLORING THE PERFORMANCE IMPLICATIONS OF EXECUTIVE STRATEGIC ATTENTION .

Author

EKLUND, JOHN C. and MANNOR, MICHAEL J.

Subjects
ATTENTION, BUSINESS planning, EXECUTIVES, COGNITIVE styles, ORGANIZATIONAL performance
Abstract

Scholars have highlighted executive attention as a vital organizational resource. However, as prior studies have examined different facets of attention, a theoretical tension has emerged as to whether attention to a broader or narrower set of strategic issues better facilitates firm performance. On the one hand, a narrower breadth of strategic attention limits the risk of managerial cognitive overload. On the other hand, a greater breadth of strategic attention helps managers avoid blind spots and identify more or better opportunities. We argue that this balance shifts based on the quantity and quality of opportunities available in the market and on firms’ recently demonstrated ability to execute against these opportunities effectively and efficiently. Using a novel text-analysis tool that we develop, validate, and make available, we find support for our arguments within a random sample of Standard & Poor’s (S&P) 500 companies. We find that broader strategic attention is associated with enhanced performance in weaker opportunity environments, with firms using their resources efficiently, or with firms’ failure to utilize their capabilities effectively. In supplementary analyses, we also provide new insights into the importance of following attention with subsequent organizational action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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14. Strategy and Innovation in the Biopharmaceutical & Healthcare Sectors

Author

Bisui, Sandip, primary, Kang, Sukhun, additional, Park, Sohyun, additional, Guler, Isin, additional, Polidoro, Francisco, additional, Armanios, Daniel Erian, additional, Chang, Sungyong, additional, Dutta, Sunasir, additional, Eklund, John, additional, Funk, Russell James, additional, Reuer, Jeffrey J., additional, and Roche, Maria, additional

Published
2022
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15. Organizational Learning and Search Track: Reading the Tea Leaves: The Intertwined Roles of Attention and Search in Innovation and Adaptation

Author

Eklund, John, primary, Joseph, John, additional, Zuzul, Tiona, additional, Boynton, Dylan, additional, Dutt, Nilanjana, additional, Ocasio, William, additional, Park, Jay (Jinwon), additional, Raj, Manav, additional, Cunningham, Colleen, additional, Ebrahimi, Brian Amir, additional, and Yoon, Seongbin, additional

Published
2022
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18. Conceptual Change through Vicarious Learning in an Authentic Physics Setting

Author

Muller, Derek A., Sharma, Manjula D., and Eklund, John

Abstract

Recent research on principles of best practice for designing effective multimedia instruction has rarely taken into account students' alternative conceptions, which are known to strongly influence learning. The goal of this study was to determine how well students of quantum mechanics could learn "vicariously" by watching a student-tutor dialogue based on alternative conceptions. Two video treatments were created to summarize key aspects of quantum tunneling, a fundamental quantum mechanical phenomenon. One video depicted a student-tutor dialogue, incorporating many of the common alternative conceptions on the topic, and resolving inconsistencies in reasoning through discussion. The other presented the same correct physics material in an expository style without alternative conceptions. Second year physics students were randomly assigned to one of the two treatments and were tested before and after watching the video during a lecture. Results show a statistically significant (p less than 0.01) advantage for the learners in the dialogue treatment (d = 0.71). Follow-up interviews of students yielded insight into the affective and cognitive benefits of the dialogue video.

Published
2007
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21. Collaboration and Networked Technology: A Case Study in Teaching Educational Computing.

Author

Eklund, John and Eklund, Peter

Abstract

Describes an investigation into the use of the World Wide Web as a teaching tool in a computer studies methods course and a computer literacy course at two Australian universities. Student and teacher evaluations highlighted the positive outcomes resulting from student-centered, collaborative learning using the Web. (SM)

Published
1997

25. Pembrolizumab alone or combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy as first-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma (KEYNOTE-361): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial

Author

Powles, Thomas, primary, Csőszi, Tibor, additional, Özgüroğlu, Mustafa, additional, Matsubara, Nobuaki, additional, Géczi, Lajos, additional, Cheng, Susanna Y-S, additional, Fradet, Yves, additional, Oudard, Stephane, additional, Vulsteke, Christof, additional, Morales Barrera, Rafael, additional, Fléchon, Aude, additional, Gunduz, Seyda, additional, Loriot, Yohann, additional, Rodriguez-Vida, Alejo, additional, Mamtani, Ronac, additional, Yu, Evan Y, additional, Nam, Kijoeng, additional, Imai, Kentaro, additional, Homet Moreno, Blanca, additional, Alva, Ajjai, additional, Cascallar, Diana Vera, additional, Varela, Mirta, additional, Lazzaro, Mauricio Fernandez, additional, Kaen, Diego Lucas, additional, Gatica, Gabriela, additional, Flores, David Hugo, additional, Falco, Agustin, additional, Molina, Matias, additional, Van Aelst, Filip, additional, Sautois, Brieuc, additional, Machiels, Jean-Pascal, additional, Schallier, Denis, additional, Brust, Leandro, additional, Rapatoni, Liane, additional, Azevedo, Sergio J, additional, Marinho, Gisele, additional, Soares, Joao Paulo Holanda, additional, Dzik, Carlos, additional, Almeida Silva, Jamile, additional, Fay, Andre Poisl, additional, Gingerich, Joel, additional, Ferrario, Cristiano, additional, Potvin, Kylea, additional, Vanhuyse, Marie, additional, Abdelsalam, Mahmoud, additional, Cheng, Susanna, additional, Caglevic, Christian, additional, Reyes, Felipe, additional, Leal, Jose Luis, additional, Francisco, Francisco, additional, Ibanez, Carolina, additional, Joly, Florence, additional, Laguerre, Brigitte, additional, Ladoire, Sylvain, additional, Flechon, Aude, additional, Topart, Delphine, additional, Huillard, Olivier, additional, Oudard, Stéphane, additional, Gross-Goupil, Marine, additional, Culine, Stephane, additional, Gravis, Gwenaelle, additional, Reichardt, Peter, additional, Retz, Margitta, additional, Herden, Jan, additional, Pfister, David, additional, Ohlman, Carsten, additional, Stoeckle, Michael, additional, Wirth, Manfred, additional, Lorch, Anja, additional, Niegisch, Guenter, additional, Goebell, Peter J, additional, Boegemann, Martin, additional, Merseburger, Axel, additional, Gakis, Georgios, additional, Bedke, Jens, additional, Neisius, Andreas, additional, Thomas, Christian, additional, Hoefner, Thomas, additional, Telekes, Andras, additional, Kosa, Judit Erzsebet, additional, Revesz, Janos, additional, Bodoky, Gyorgy, additional, Csoszi, Tibor, additional, Csejtei, Andras, additional, Geczi, Lajos, additional, Ruzsa, Agnes, additional, Kolonics, Zsuzsanna, additional, Erfan, Jozsef, additional, McDermott, Ray, additional, Bambury, Richard, additional, Sella, Avishay, additional, Frank, Stephen Jay, additional, Kejzman, Daniel, additional, Goldman, Olesya, additional, Rosenbaum, Eli, additional, Peer, Avivit, additional, Berger, Raanan, additional, Rouvinov, Keren, additional, Sarid, David, additional, Fukasawa, Satoshi, additional, Arai, Gaku, additional, Yamaguchi, Akito, additional, Yokomizo, Akira, additional, Takayama, Tatsuya, additional, Kinoshita, Hidefumi, additional, Kikuchi, Eiji, additional, Mizuno, Ryuichi, additional, Fujii, Yasuhisa, additional, Sassa, Naoto, additional, Matsukawa, Yoshihisa, additional, Fujimoto, Kiyohide, additional, Tanikawa, Toshiki, additional, Tomita, Yoshihiko, additional, Nishimura, Kazuo, additional, Tsujihata, Masao, additional, Oyama, Masafumi, additional, Masumori, Naoya, additional, Kanayama, Hiroomi, additional, Takano, Toshimi, additional, Miura, Yuji, additional, Miyazaki, Jun, additional, Joraku, Akira, additional, Kimura, Tomokazu, additional, Yamamoto, Yoshiaki, additional, Kobayashi, Kazuki, additional, De Wit, Ronald, additional, Aarts, Maureen, additional, Gerritsen, Winald, additional, Los, Maartje, additional, Beerepoot, Laurens, additional, Izmailov, Adel, additional, Gorelov, Sergey Igorevich, additional, Alekseev, Boris Yakovlevich, additional, Semenov, Andrey, additional, Kostorov, Vladimir Anatolyevich, additional, Alekseev, Sergey M, additional, Zyryanov, Alexander, additional, Oschepkov, Vasiliy Nikolaevich, additional, Shidin, Vladimir Aleksandrovich, additional, Vladimirov, Vladimir Ivanovich, additional, Gafanov, Rustem Airatovich, additional, Karlov, Petr Alexandrovich, additional, Anderson, David Brian, additional, Shepherd, Lucinda, additional, Cohen, Graham Lawrence, additional, Rapoport, Bernardo Louis, additional, Ruff, Paul, additional, Lee, Nari, additional, Bae, Woo Kyun, additional, Lee, Hyo Jin, additional, Herranz, Urbano Anido, additional, Grande, Enrique, additional, Alonso Gordoa, Teresa, additional, Guma Padro, Josep, additional, Gauna, Daniel Castellano, additional, Arranz, Jose Angel, additional, Munoz Langa, Jose, additional, Sarrio, Regina Girones, additional, Montesa Pino, Alvaro, additional, Juan Fita, Maria Jose, additional, Su, Yu-Li, additional, Lin, Yung-Chang, additional, Su, Wen-Pin, additional, Shen, Ying-Chun, additional, Chang, Yen-Hwa, additional, Huang, Yi-Hsiu, additional, Sriuranpong, Virote, additional, Chansriwong, Phichai, additional, Srimuninnimit, Vichien, additional, Danchaivijitr, Pongwut, additional, Abali, Huseyin, additional, Yavuz, Sinan, additional, Ozyilkan, Ozgur, additional, Sendur, Mehmet Ali Nahit, additional, Ekenel, Meltem, additional, Ozguroglu, Mustafa, additional, Arslan, Cagatay, additional, Ozdogan, Mustafa, additional, Birtle, Alison, additional, Powles, Thomas, additional, Huddart, Robert, additional, de Santis, Maria, additional, Zarkar, Anjali, additional, Evans, Linda, additional, Hussain, Syed, additional, DiSimone, Christopher, additional, Muina, Antonio F, additional, Schlegel, Peter, additional, Jhangiani, Haresh S, additional, Harrison, Michael, additional, Slater, Dennis E, additional, Wright, David, additional, Percent, Ivor J, additional, Lin, Jianqing, additional, Hwang, Clara, additional, Gupta, Sumati, additional, Bajaj, Madhuri, additional, Galamaga, Robert, additional, Eklund, John, additional, Wallace, James, additional, Shtivelband, Mikhail, additional, Suh, Jason Jung-Gon, additional, Burhani, Nafisa, additional, Eadens, Matthew, additional, Gunturu, Krishna, additional, Burgess, Earle, additional, Wong, John, additional, Chaudhry, Arvind, additional, Van Veldhuizen, Peter, additional, Graff, Stephanie, additional, Thomas, Christian A, additional, Schnadig, Ian D, additional, Carneiro, Benedito, additional, Hussain, Maha, additional, Morgans, Alicia, additional, Fitzharris, John T, additional, Oliff, Ira A, additional, Vuky, Jacqueline, additional, Hauke, Ralph, additional, Baron, Ari, additional, Joshi, Monika, additional, Bolemon, Britt H, additional, Jiang, Peter, additional, Mega, Anthony E, additional, Markus, Maurice, additional, Pfanzelter, Nicklas, additional, Lawler, William Eyre, additional, Cobb, Patrick Wayne, additional, Courtright, Jay G, additional, Jain, Sharad, additional, Doshi, Gurjyot, additional, Gunuganti, Vijay K, additional, Sartor, Oliver Alton, additional, Cole, Scott W, additional, Babiker, Hani, additional, Uchio, Edward M, additional, Drakaki, Alexandra, additional, Mannuel, Heather D, additional, Guancial, Elizabeth, additional, Fung, Chunkit, additional, Charles, Anthony, additional, Amato, Robert J, additional, Arriaga, Yull, additional, Bowman, Isaac, additional, Ades, Steven, additional, Dreicer, Robert, additional, Yu, Evan, additional, Quinn, David I, additional, and Fleming, Mark, additional

Published
2021
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29. Photocatalytic reactions at microcrystalline fac-Mn(CO)3(eta2-Ph2-PCH2PPh2)Cl-electrode-aqueous (electrolyte) interfaces

Author

Eklund, John C. and Bond, Alan M.

Subjects
Electrochemistry -- Case studies, Manganese -- Research, Organic compounds -- Research, Voltammetry -- Research, Chemistry
Abstract

A study attached microcrystals of the fac-Mn(CO)3(eta2-dpm)Cl manganese(I) organometallic compound to an electrode surface and investigated its solid-state photoelectrochemistry. Findings indicate that the voltammetry of poorly conducting solids attached to electrode surfaces that are in contact with a solvent (electrolyte) may be catalyzed if irradiation with light of a wavelength corresponding to an absorption band can induce a suitable doping mechanism.

Published
1999

30. Elucidation of the wide range of reaction pathways that accompany the electrochemical oxidation of cis,mer-(Mn(CO)2(eta-1-dpm)(eta-2-dpm)X) (dpm = Ph2PCH2PPh2; X = Cl, Br)

Author

Eklund, John C., Bond, Alan M., Colton, Ray, Humphrey, David G., Mahon, Peter J., and Walter, Jacky N.

Subjects
Electrochemical analysis -- Research, Oxidation-reduction reaction -- Research, Manganese -- Research, Coordination compounds -- Research, Organometallic compounds -- Research, Chemistry
Abstract

Research was conducted to examine the electrochemical oxidation of cis,mer-(Mn(CO)2(eta-1-dpm)Br) (dpm = Ph2PCH2PPh2), or (cis, mer)0, in dichloromethane (0.1 M Bu4NPF6) using voltammetric, bulk electrolytic, in situ and ex situ spectroelectrochemical and simulation methods. Results demonstrate that all of the processes and also cross redox reactions take place during the course of oxidation of cis,mer-(Mn(CO)2(eta-1-dpm)(eta-2-dpm)Br).

Published
1999

31. Ska jag stanna eller flytta? En analys av nyexaminerade studenters flyttmönster

Author

Eklund, John, Eriksson, Rikard, and Lundberg, Johan

Subjects
Economics, Ekonomisk geografi, Nationalekonomi, Economic Geography
Abstract

Föreliggande rapport analyserar flyttmönster för examinerade studenter vid Umeå universitet. Detta har gjorts med hjälp av longitudinella mikrodata från Statistiska Centralbyrån för att kunna beskriva en längre del av flyttkedjan och i detalj belysa både ursprungsregion och destination för examinerade studenter. Våra resultat visar att Umeå sticker ut i negativ bemärkelse i avseende hur många som stannar kvar i regionen efter examen. En del av detta är hemvändare som återvänder till sin hemregion efter avklarade studier, men även om andelen inflyttare till Umeå från övriga landet ökat över tid, utgör detta inte hela svaret. I jämförelse med landets övriga universitetsregioner har Umeå den tredje lägsta andel studenter från regionen som väljer att stanna kvar efter avslutade studier. Särskilt utmärkande är den negativa trenden för kvinnor. Generellt sett sker det största tappet av lokala studenter till Stockholm, vilket kanske inte är så oväntat givet storleken och diversiteten i Stockholms arbetsmarknad. Storstäderna, men även några av grannregionerna exklusive Skellefteå, har ett nettoöverskott av migranter från Umeå. För de som flyttar till Umeå och väljer att stanna kommer majoriteten från regioner i norra Sverige samt från Stockholm. Av de 20 största utbildningarna vid Umeå universitet varierar andelen studenter som stannar i Umeå mellan 91% och 50%. Här kan specifika insatser riktas. Exempelvis flyttade 91% av alla 126 examinerade psykologer från Umeå, vad kan göras för att en större andel ska stanna? Här krävs en grundligare analys av efterfrågesidan för att bättre kunna besvara den frågeställningen. Vi ser också att studenter från regionen som har studerat 4–5 år (avancerad nivå) är mer benägna att flytta än lokala studenter som läst 2–3 år (grundnivå). Umeå har alltså extra svårt att hålla kvar högre utbildade. Detta kan utgöra en potentiell ”brain drain” för regionen om Umeå å ena sidan har svårt att behålla den högre andel studenter från andra regioner, men också har svårt att behålla studenter från Umeå som läser en längre utbildning. Här bör politiken eftersträva en ökad diversifiering av arbetsmarknaden så avancerade arbete inom olika ämnesområden kan erbjudas (både teknik och data, men också samhällsvetenskap och humaniora). Vi finner också skillnader mellan de tre utbildningsinriktningarna IKT, utbildning och pedagogik samt hälso- och sjukvård. Andelen Hemvändare är exempelvis betydligt mycket större inom pedagogik och lärarutbildning än inom något annat område, vilket kan reflektera att dessa studenter svarar på en lokal efterfrågan i hemmaregionen. Inom IKT, hälso- och sjukvård och Pedagogik och lärarutbildning har alla studenter som väljer att stanna kvar en nästan 100% etableringsgrad. Dock visar branschspridningen att fler studenter inom hälso- och sjukvård och pedagogik tenderar att få sin första anställning inom fler branscher i jämförelse med alla examinerade stundeter i Sverige. Inom IKT är antalet studenter som får sin första anställning inom ”Utbildning” större än både snittet för Sverige men även i jämförelse med den grupp som flyttar från Umeå efter examen. Det reflekterar delvis exempelvis Umeå universitets interna arbetsmarknad som under lång tid varit den största arbetsgivaren för dessa kompetenser (exempelvis olika dataspecialister), men också närvaron av andra offentliga institutioner (kommun- respektive regionstyrda verksamheter). Frågan är dock vad som kan göras för att öka antalet rekryteringar till exempelvis arkitekt- och teknikkonsultverksamhet; teknikprovning och analys, datorprogrammering och konsultverksamhet? Om den relativt snabba ökningen av IKT-företag fortsätter i Umeå (se Eklund, 2019 för en beskrivning av sektorns relativt snabba framväxt i Umeå under de senare åren) kan det dels synliggöra arbetsmarknaden tydligare för utexaminerade studenter, men också göra regionen mer motståndskraftig mot kriser. Som redovisats av Elekes och Eriksson (2019) utgör IKT ett tydligt kompetenssystem tillsammans med exempelvis finans och försäkring. Rekommendationen är därför att även försöka få dessa typer av verksamheter att växa i regionen då det kan öka antalet som stannar kvar i regionen.

Published
2019

32. Unequal opportunities in the knowledge economy : A social network analysis of formal and informalnetworks

Author

Eklund, John

Subjects
Ekonomisk geografi, Economic Geography
Abstract

A new capitalistic era known as the knowledge economy has emerged since the middle of the 20thcentury, identified by ‘knowledge-based work’ and ‘immaterial labor’ generating innovation inleading-edge sectors, and recognized as a driver for economic change and future growth. As aspatial consequence, the importance of regions as economic entities has increased. Where regionsoften are dependent on innovative activities to generate competitive advantage and prospect. Topromote a socially inclusive regional economic development, scholars stress the significance of addressing issues of gender, particularity in male-dominated occupations such as knowledge-intensive industries, where masculine cultures tend to be deeply rooted. However, the regional learning and innovation literature is criticized for being firm-centric, gender-blind and ignoringthe wider existence of the knowledge worker, thus reproducing patterns of gender constraintssuch as barriers of equal advancements, discriminatory practices and social exclusion. This thesisaims to address these ignored issues by conducting a social network analysis on formal andinformal network within firms in the knowledge economy, and examine how individual characteristic might affect a workers position within these networks. A case study of Umeå ICT-industry was carried out where intra-firm social networks were analyzed of 16 firms and 204 workers. The result from the analysis indicates that female knowledge worker tends to be sociallyexcluded within the informal network of these firms, while at the same time more dependent ona well-connected social position to be able to advance to a more influential position within firm’sformal networks. These findings support earlier claims that there is a need to incorporate a genderperspective into future research agendas as well as regional economic policymaking.

Published
2019

33. NMR, voltammetric, and photoelectrochemical studies on the dark and light-catalyzed reactions of alpha-(S2Mo18O62)4- with aryl- and alkylphosphines

Author

Bond, Alan M., Eklund, John C., Tedesco, Vanda, Vu, Truc, and Wedd, Anthony G.

Subjects
Coordination compounds -- Research, Oxo compounds -- Research, Chemistry
Abstract

Equimolar solutions of arylphosphines (Ar3P) and the polyoxometalate alpha-(S2Mo18O62)4- were observed to react to produce phosphine oxide (Ar3PO) and the two-electron reduced, single protonated species (HS2Mo18O62)5- in a CH3CN/H2O (95/5 v/v) medium. The rate of this reaction was catalyzed by irradiation with light. On the other hand, reaction with more basic alkylphosphines (R3P) was found to be faster and result into the one-electron reduced polyoxo species (S2Mo18O62)5- and a mixture of R3PO and R3PH+.

Published
1998

37. Great Idea, Now What? Three Essays Examining the Relationship between Organization Design and Commercialization of Knowledge

Author

Eklund, John and Eklund, John

Abstract

Innovation is a key driver of a firm’s overall performance. Within an organization, innovation involves multiple actors transforming a firm’s knowledge into a final market offering. How an organization is designed can shape this transformation by influencing actors’ behaviors and interactions. However, despite prior studies, our understanding of the relationship between organization design and innovation is somewhat limited. In this dissertation, I offer a framework in which I conceptualize innovation as a process consisting of upstream tasks around invention, and downstream tasks around product development and commercialization. This enables me to combine both knowledge- and incentives- based views of the firm to develop a more complete theoretical understanding of the relationship between organization design and innovation. The design attribute I focus upon is the degree of organizational centralization. On the one hand, more centralized designs are associated with enhanced intra-organizational knowledge flows, which can enhance innovation. On the other hand, more decentralized designs are associated with higher observability of effort and facilitate the more effective use of incentives, which can increase innovation efforts. I empirically examine this trade-off in the context of the pharmaceutical industry. I use a unique dataset of firms’ patents, clinical trials, sales and organization structures supplemented by 61 interviews with senior managers from 28 of my sample firms. I find that greater decentralization while yielding higher numbers of inventions is associated with less original inventions, and fewer inventions progressing through the earlier stages of development. However, greater decentralization is associated with more inventions progressing through the later stages of development and greater sales of new products as a proportion of total sales. Further, I find that firms with decentralized Research & Development units are associated with a higher pro

Published
2019

44. New Data on Organization Design.

Author

Gulati, Piyush, Marchetti, Arianna, Puranam, Phanish, Raveendran, Marlo, Sengul, Metin, Wolfolds, Sarah, Eklund, John, and Klapper, Helge JD

Abstract

Organization design is concerned with understanding and improving how organizations work through their crucial elements of structure, sorting of actors (into/out of the system), and collective sensemaking. However, observing such constituents of organization design at scale is often challenging. Archival data sets that capture these elements in a granular and reliable manner across firms and over time do not readily exist, and surveying firms about their organization design choice at scale and repeatedly is not only financially taxing but often challenging due to low response rates. This symposium showcases recent empirical efforts to overcome such limitations. These include manual data collection through large-sample surveys and online archives, the use of third-party commercial digital big data comprising firms' job postings and employee social profiles, the access to granular country-level census data, and the collection of internal data for novel forms of organizing such as open-source and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs). These data sets and empirical approaches push the frontier of empirical organization design research and allow us to re-examine old questions as well as tackle new ones through a granular view across large numbers of firms and industries over time. With this symposium, we aim to share these empirical advances, through presentations and active interactions between the speakers and audience, with other members of the academic community interested in organization design within strategic management, technology and innovation management, entrepreneurship, as well as broader organizational and management areas. A New Org Structure Database: Using GenAI to Examine Structure through Executive Management Teams Author: Daniel Albert; Drexel Author: John Eklund; U. of Southern California Author: Lisa Tang; National U. of Singapore The Role of Integrators in Organizations Author: Piyush Gulati; INSEAD Author: Arianna Marchetti; London Business School Organizational Misalignment: Decentralized Decision-Making Structures Author: Magnus Van Haaren; Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus U. Author: Helge JD Klapper; Purdue U. On the Heterogeneity of Skill-Biased Management Author: Konstantin Felix Scheuermann; UCL School of Management Author: Daniela Scur; Dyson School / Cornell U. Author: Sarah Wolfolds; Cornell U.-The Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. The Role of Customer Subsidies in Spurring Incumbents' Investments in New Technologies.

Author

Eklund, John and Kapoor, Rahul

Abstract

Incumbent firms face a major tradeoff when deciding to invest in emerging new technologies during a period of significant uncertainty around customer adoption: invest preemptively and valuable resources may be wasted, delay investments and an important market opportunity may be missed. In many cases, public support is often required to facilitate customer adoption of emerging technologies via subsidies, especially if these technologies can have an important societal impact. Drawing on the notion of adjustment costs that incumbents face during periods of industry change, we argue that such subsidies, in addition to spurring downstream adoption, can also help to reduce incumbents' adjustment costs and spur preemptive upstream investments in new technologies. Further, the impact of subsidies is greater for incumbents who face a greater threat of technological obsolescence, and who are less likely to preemptively invest in the new technologies. We find support for our arguments in the context of the US electric utility industry between 2000 and 2018. The study illustrates how public subsidies that are often targeted toward demand-side adoption of emerging technologies can also have important heterogeneous supply-side effects in terms of incumbents' investments in such technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
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46. Web-based education for all: a tool for development adaptive courseware

Author

Brusilovsky, Peter, Eklund, John, and Schwarz, Elmar

Subjects
High technology and education -- Analysis, Web sites -- Equipment and supplies, Multimedia technology -- Usage, Business, Computers and office automation industries
Abstract

An approach for developing adaptive textbooks for the development of web-based instructional media is presented. The approach is an authoring tool called InterBook that simplifies the development of adaptive electronic textbook on the web. The approach could be used to model future system work that will be able to adapt to users with very different backgrounds, prior knowledge and learning goals.

Published
1998

48. Främlingsvänligt motstånd : Kollektivt handlande vid demonstrationer mot främlingsfientlighet

Author

Eklund, John

Subjects
Political Science, Statsvetenskap, kollektivt handlande, political opportunity structure, motrörelser, Motstånd
Abstract

Sveriges yngsta riksdagsparti Sverigedemokraterna har mött motstånd i form av demonstrationer. En form av motstånd vilket historiskt sett varit ovanligt i landet. Studien kartlägger hur dessa demonstrationer har tagit uttryck över en tioårsperiod, med syfte att se motrörelsens aktivitet och vilka taktiker som föredragits. Tidigare forskning på området pekade på att en motrörelses aktivitet ökar tillfälligt efter en förlust, för att sedan minska om inga framsteg görs över tid. Demonstranterna antogs också tillämpa mer drastiska taktiker i takt med att partiet når framgångar vid valen. Resultaten av studien visar att detta inte skett, våld har inte ökat. Istället blev användandet av ljud som civil olydnad mer vanligt mot slutet av protestcykeln. Efter ett antal motgångar där aktiviteten ökat successivt, minskade den sedan hastigt. Då tidigare forskning främst fokuserat på rörelser i andra stater, kan svensk politisk kultur samt SD och rörelser mot SD vara av annan karaktär, och därmed ge upphov till ett annat resultat.

Published
2017

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