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Introduction: Although there are studies in the literature showing that celiac disease (CD) is more common in patients with microscopic colitis (MC), there are publications to the contrary. The pathophysiologies of both diseases are different from each other. Aim: To investigate the frequency of CD in MC patients, the different features of these 2 diseases, and the relationship between them. Material and methods: In our prospective and cross-sectional analytical study, the presence of CD was investigated in 90 patients diagnosed with MC by colonoscopy and biopsy due to chronic diarrhoea between September 2011 and December 2021. Results: We detected MC in 102 (9.3%) of 1096 patients investigated for chronic diarrhoea. We detected CD in 1 (1.1%) of 90 patients with MC who participated in the study. Only 10% of the patients were positive for AGA IgA, 3.3% for EMA IgA, and 2.2% for Anti-TG2 IgA. There was no difference in autoantibody titre in treatment-responsive and treatment-resistant MC patients. HLA DQ2 was positive in 32.2% (n = 29) of the MC patients, and HLA DQ8 was found in 5.5% (n = 5). Intraepithelial lymphocyte increase was remarkable in the duodenal biopsies of MC patients who did not respond to treatment (40% vs. 11.4%; p = 0.007). Conclusions: We did not reach the conclusion that CD is more common in MC patients. An increase in IEL may also occur in the small intestine in patients with MC who do not respond to treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Journal of Medicine is the property of Ege University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To determine the frequency, demographic and clinical features of the heterotopic gastric mucosa (inlet patch). Methods: This retrospective study involves 244 patients who applied to the gastroenterology outpatient clinic with different symptoms between September 2016 and December 2019, and who were diagnosed with inlet patch in elective esophagogastroduodenoscopy. All endoscopic procedures were performed by the same clinical endoscopist. All medical records of patients including demographic and clinical features and endoscopy findings were reviewed. Results: Considering 2823 patients who underwent elective esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the same study period, inlet patch was detected in 224 (8.6%). The number of male patients was 138 (56.6%) and there was no statistical difference between the two genders. The mean age of the patients was 37.73 ± 13.01 years. Single lesion was detected in 204 (83.6%) patients. The size of the largest lesion was 4.5 cm and the smallest lesion was 0.3 cm. All of the lesions were in the proximal esophagus. 54 patients (22.1%) had at least one supraesophageal or upper esophageal symptom. The most common symptom was globus sensation (64.8%). Patients with large lesions were more likely to experience symptoms (28.2% vs. 13.7%, p=0.008). Conclusion: Careful examination of the proximal esophagus may increase the chance of detecting inlet patch and may explain persistent symptoms in patients without a specific cause. Further understanding of the clinical significance of the disease may also prevent unnecessary diagnostic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Our working purpose; was to examine the effect of drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19 on liver function tests and to investigate the frequency of development of DILI (drug-induced liver damage) during treatment in patients. In addition, there is not much data in the literature regarding the effect of favipravir on the liver; liver function disorders caused by the widespread use in the treatment of COVID-19; to investigate its relationship with favipravir. Methods: We included 1301 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 by PCR test and were hospitalized in our study between April-September -2020. We did not include patients with previously known chronic liver disease, those who developed cytokine release syndrome during COVID-19, and patients who developed sepsis and ischemic hepatitis. We divided the patients into groups according to the medication they used. We examined whether there was a difference in the number of cases with liver dysfunction and DILI between the groups. Results: ALT-AST elevation developed in 50.2% of the 1301 patients we included in the study during the treatment. 45.3% of this increase was mild and moderate enzyme elevation. DILI developed in 4.9% of the patients. DILI developed in 1.1% of the patients who received only favipravir, while the rate of DILI development was found to be 8.7% in patients who received favipravir + antibiotics. (p<0.001) Similarly, 14% of the patients had ALP and 48.1% had GGT elevation. Although 17.5% of the patients who received favipiravir + antibiotics had ALP and 51.8% had elevated GGT, 4.3% of the patients who took only favipiravir had ALP and 40.1% had an elevation of GGT. (P< 0.001 for ALP, p< 0.001 for GGT) Conclusion: During COVID-19 treatment, liver function tests deteriorated in one of both patients. We determined that the drugs that increase liver enzymes the most and cause DILI the most are antibiotics rather than favipiravir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Firat Tip Dergisi is the property of Firat University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Amaç: Bu çalışmadaki amacımız en sık kullanılan Helikobakter pylori (Hp) tedavi rejimlerinin HP eradikasyon başarı oranlarını saptamaktır. Materyal ve Metod: 2016 -- 2020 yılları arasında üst gastrointestinal sistem endoskopisi sırasında Helikobakter pylori pozitif saptanan ve eradikasyon tedavisi sonrası kontrol endoskopik biyopsi alınan hastalar geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. Hastalar tedavi rejimlerine göre 3 gruba ayrıldı; lansoprazol 30 mg 2x1, klaritromisin 500 mg 2x1, amoksisilin 1000 mg 2x1 14 gün alanlar (grup 1, n=20), lansoprazol 30 mg 2x1, bizmut subsalisilat 262 mg 4x1, klaritromisin 500 mg 2x1, amoksisilin 1000 mg 2x1 14 gün alanlar (grup 2, n = 23) ve lansoprazol 30 mg 2x1, bizmut subsalisilat 262 mg 4x1, metronidazol 500 mg 3x1, tetrasiklin 500 mg 4x1 14 gün alanlar (grup 3, n = 17). Bu üç grubun tedavi başarıları değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya, ortalama yaşı 42.8±15.17 olan 60 hasta dahil edildi. Grup 1,2 ve 3'ün yaş ortalamaları sırasıyla 40.05±15.33, 42.86±15.90 ve 46.23±14.14 olup gruplar arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık yoktu. Çalışmaya alınan hastaların %57.6'sında (34/60) eradikasyon tedavisi sonrası Hp eradikasyonu sağlandı. Grup 1, 2 ve 3'teki HP eradikasyon oranları sırasıyla %50, %52.2 ve %66.7 idi. Gruplar arasında başarı oranları açısından istatiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık yoktu. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, yüksek antibiyotik direnci ve hedeflenen eradikasyon oranlarından daha düşük eradikasyon oranları nedeniyle klasik üçlü tedavi, bizmut eklenmiş klasik üçlü tedavi ve bizmutlu dörtlü tedavinin Türkiye'de kullanılmasının uygun olmayabileceği sonucuna vardık. Helikobakter pylori tedavisinde yeni tedavi rejimlerinin geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are a global public health problem. Biological drugs can cause reactivation of HBV infection in patients with chronic HBV carrier or occult HBV infection. Likewise, it is known that it can cause reactivation of HCV infection in patients who are positive for Anti HCV. In our study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in rheumatology patients receiving biological therapy. Method: 582 patients who applied to Diyarbakır Health Sciences University Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital Rheumatology Polyclinic between 01/09/2017 and 01/09/2020 and using biological treatment were included in the study. Demographic and laboratory characteristics were recorded retrospectively. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS V22.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY) software. Results: A total of 582 patients, 342 (58.8%) female and 240 (41.2%) male, were included in our study. Of the patients included in the study, 290 (49.8%) were diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 213 (36.6%) rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 23 (4%) psoriatic arthritis (PsA). HBsAg 1.4%, Anti-HBs 51.7%, Anti-HBc IgG 31.4% and Anti-HCV 0.3% were positive. Looking according to the diagnosis; In AS; HBsAg 1.7%, Anti-HBs 53.1%, Anti-HBc IgG 38.9%, Anti-HCV 0.0%, in RA; HBsAg was 1.4%, Anti-HBs 51.9%, Anti-HBc IgG 41.7%, Anti-HCV 0.5% were detected. Conclusion: In our country, HBV and HCV infections are still seen at medium endemic levels. Since biological treatments may cause reactivation of HBV and HCV infections, screening, prophylaxis and treatment of these infections before biological treatment still maintains its importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV) and erythrocyte distribution width (RDW) are considered to be associated with systemic inflammation. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate NLR, PLR, MPV and RDW as prognostic factors in acute pancreatitis (AP). Material and Methods: A total of 315 patients admitted to Health Sciences University Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital between May 2016 and May 2019 and diagnosed with AP were included in the study. Data of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. Laboratory values of the patients at the time of admission to the hospital were recorded and the Ranson score was calculated. Patients were divided into two groups as Ranson score <3 (mild AP) and ≥3 (severe AP). NLR, PLR, MPV and RDW parameters were compared between these groups. Results: Of the patients, 103 (32.7%) were males and 212 (67.3%) were females, and mean age was 57.2±19.5. According to the Ranson criteria, number of patients with a score below 3 was 274 (87.0%), and number of patients with a score of 3 or above was 41 (13.0%). In the severe AP group, NLR and PLR were significantly higher than in the mild AP group (16.2±14.3 vs. 8.2±7.7, p<0.001 and 283.7±223.0 vs. 195.5±139.3, p=0.004 respectively), but there was no statistically significant difference in terms of RDW-CV and MPV (13.7±1.0 vs. 13.9±1.9, p=0.849 and 9.7±1.3 vs. 9.5±1.1, p=0.201, respectively). Conclusion: NLR and PLR are simple and safe tests that can be used to determine the severity of AP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we evaluated the relation between the presence of lymphopenia and the need of intensive care unit (ICU) or mortality. A total of 1670 COVID-19 patients were divided according to the severity of lymphopenia developing at the time of COVID-19 infection. According to the symptoms and need of ICU, the infection was classified as mild or severe. The rates of severe infection, ICU admission, and mortality were evaluated between the groups. Among 1670 patients, 576 (34.4%) patients had severe disease and 1094 (65.6%) patients had a mild form of the disease; 213 (12.7%) patients with severe COVID-19 died. The severe form of COVID-19 was more common in patients with low lymphocyte levels (<500) than in those with normal lymphocytes count (64.7% vs. 5.2%; p<0.001). The odds ratio of lymphopenic patients was 2.4 (1.8-3.0; p=0.001). The risk of severe COVID-19 infection and mortality was 8.9 and 12.4 times higher in patients with low lymphocyte count compared to patients with normal lymphocyte count subsequently. ROC analysis showed that lymphocyte counts lower than 615 lym/mcL had 96.4% sensitivity for severe disease (AUC:0.89 (0.842-0.938); p<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between lymphocyte count and mortality rate and severe COVID-19 disease (for severe COVID-19 r=-0.590; p<0.001and for mortality r=-0.511; p=0.001). In conclusion, we found a strong correlation between lymphopenia and COVID-19 outcomes. Lymphopenia in patients with COVID-19 was a prognostic factor in the course of the disease. Lymphopenia is an easy and inexpensive prognostic factor that can be used in the management of COVID-19 patients., (Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital.)

Background: We investigated associations between baseline use of immunosuppressive drugs and severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)., Patients and Methods: Data of AIH patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 were retrospectively collected from 15 countries. The outcomes of AIH patients who were on immunosuppression at the time of COVID-19 were compared to patients who were not on AIH medication. The clinical courses of COVID-19 were classified as (i)-no hospitalization, (ii)-hospitalization without oxygen supplementation, (iii)-hospitalization with oxygen supplementation by nasal cannula or mask, (iv)-intensive care unit (ICU) admission with non-invasive mechanical ventilation, (v)-ICU admission with invasive mechanical ventilation or (vi)-death and analysed using ordinal logistic regression., Results: We included 254 AIH patients (79.5%, female) with a median age of 50 (range, 17-85) years. At the onset of COVID-19, 234 patients (92.1%) were on treatment with glucocorticoids (n = 156), thiopurines (n = 151), mycophenolate mofetil (n = 22) or tacrolimus (n = 16), alone or in combinations. Overall, 94 (37%) patients were hospitalized and 18 (7.1%) patients died. Use of systemic glucocorticoids (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.73, 95% CI 1.12-25.89) and thiopurines (aOR 4.78, 95% CI 1.33-23.50) for AIH was associated with worse COVID-19 severity, after adjusting for age-sex, comorbidities and presence of cirrhosis. Baseline treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (aOR 3.56, 95% CI 0.76-20.56) and tacrolimus (aOR 4.09, 95% CI 0.69-27.00) were also associated with more severe COVID-19 courses in a smaller subset of treated patients., Conclusion: Baseline treatment with systemic glucocorticoids or thiopurines prior to the onset of COVID-19 was significantly associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with AIH., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)