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The successful design and implementation of low noise rf-SQUID electronics with working frequency range of 600 MHz to 900 MHz is described.

Olive oils obtained from partly damaged olive fruits are negatively affected by biochemical changes and thus need to be refined for consumption purposes. However, the refining process precipitates losses of some bioactive compounds naturally found in olive oil. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the chemical properties of refined olive oils containing different rates of olive leaves (washed, dried, milled and sieved) in comparison with virgin olive oil. Relative to virgin olive oil, the total phenols, bitter index (K225) and antioxidant activity values of olive oils enriched with olive leaves at concentrations of 10 % and 15 % were found to be higher, whereas the extinction coefficient values (K232 and K270) were found to be lower. The phenolic compound levels, i.e. the oleuropein, luteolin, tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol levels of refined olive oils containing 10 % and 15 % olive leaves increased significantly with the amount of leaves added. The results obtained emphasize the great potential of dried olive leaves for enhancing the chemical and phenolic properties of refined olive oils as a phenolic compound source.

The pomegranate fruit is rich in many nutrients characterized by a variety of biologically-active and secondary metabolites. However, pomegranate fruits are prone to postharvest water loss, chilling injuries, physical disorders and fungal diseases. Various methods such as high hydrostatic pressure, ultrasound and gamma irradiation, synthetic fungicides, preservatives, controlled atmosphere and modified atmosphere storages, and edible coatings are used for preserving fruits and minimizing changes in their quality. New alternative technologies, such as the coating of agricultural commodities, have been employed to reduce the postharvest losses of fresh fruits and vegetables, and improve their shelf life. Edible films and coatings, including various chemicals, oils, essential oils, and/or a combination of oils and edible coatings, have been used to enhance the shelf life, quality and safety of minimally processed fruits. Therefore, the present study examines the efficacy of edible coating in maintaining the quality of pomegranate fruits and extending the shelf life of freshly dissected pomegranate arils.

After crosses, the identification of true hybrids is not only the most important step in the initiation of a breeding program but also plays a crucial role in the improvement of hybrid varieties. However, current morphological or molecular-based hybrid identification methods are time-consuming and costly approaches that require knowledge and skill, as well as specific lab equipment. In the current study, xenia , direct or immediate effect of pollen on seeds was used to identify true hybrids in the genus Pisum L. for the first time without growing F 1 plants. The current study was therefore aimed to (i) elucidate the xenia effect on seeds in intra- and interspecific crosses between P. sativum L. subsp. sativum var. sativum or var. arvense L. Poir. and its wild relatives, including P. sativum subsp. elatius (M. Bieb.) Aschers & Graebn. and P. fulvum Sibth. & Sm., and (ii) illuminate the beneficialness of the xenia effect in a practical improvement of the genus Pisum L. The pea cultivars, including P. sativum subsp. sativum var. sativum and P. sativum subsp. sativum var. arvense, were therefore crossed with P. sativum subsp. elatius and P. fulvum , and the occurrence of the xenia effect was studied on the seeds of fertilized female plants immediately after the crosses. It was concluded that using the xenia effect for the early detection of true hybrid immediately after crossing was not only the fastest, most reliable, and least expensive option as early selection criteria, but that xenia also provided information about dominant seed and pod traits after double fertilization.

Earliness in crop plants has a vital role in prevention of heat-induced drought stress and in combating global warming, which is predicted to exacerbate in the near future. Furthermore, earliness may expand production into northern areas or higher altitudes, having relatively shorter growing season and may also expand arable lands to meet global food demands. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for super-earliness and important agro-morphological traits in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from an interspecific cross. A population of 114 RILs developed through single-seed descent from an interspecific cross involving Pisum sativum L. and P. fulvum Sibth. et Sm. was evaluated to identify QTLs for super-earliness and important agro-morphological traits. A genetic map was constructed with 44 SSRs markers representing seven chromosomes with a total length of 262.6 cM. Of the 14 QTLs identified, two were for super-earliness on LG2, one for plant height on LG3, six for number of pods per plant on LG2, LG4, LG5 and LG6, one for number of seeds per pod on LG6, one for pod length on LG4 and three for harvest index on LG3, LG5, and LG6. AA205 and AA372-1 flanking markers for super-earliness QTLs were suggested for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in pea breeding programs due to high heritability of the trait. This is the first study to map QTLs originating from P. sativum and P. fulvum recently identified species with super-earliness character and the markers (AA205 and AA372-1) linked to QTLs were valuable molecular tools for pea breeding.

Aflatoxins (AFs) are genotoxic carcinogens and are a growing concern in peanuts and peanut products. This study aims to impact of different extraction processes on the transition of AFs from peanuts to oils. Peanuts were collected from nine different factories in Osmaniye, Turkey, during the period of November 2017-May 2018. While no aflatoxin G 1 (AFG 1 ) and aflatoxin G 2 (AFG 2 ) were detected in peanuts, aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) and aflatoxin B 2 (AFB 2 ) were determined in all peanut samples at levels varying from 26.7 to 234.7 µg kg -1 and from 4.44 to 44.0 µg kg -1 , respectively. No AFs were quantified in oils obtained by the industrial application method. The ratios of AFB 1 transitions to oils obtained by solvent extraction, cold pressing of roasted peanuts and cold pressing methods were 9.0-79.8%, 11.3-75.3% and 9.3-77.6%, respectively. The concentrations of AFB 2 in oils obtained by solvent extraction, cold pressing of roasted peanuts and cold pressing methods were 0.46-17.2 µg kg -1 , 0.84-33.0 µg kg -1 and 1.02-36.3 µg kg -1 , respectively. This is the first demonstration of the impact of different extraction processes on the transition of AFs from peanuts to oils., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2021.)

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a devastating soft tissue infection affecting fascias and subcutaneous soft tissues. While it is associated with several risk factors, including malignancy, alcoholism, liver disease, drug use, malnutrition, diabetes, male gender and old age, few case reports in the literature describe its rare connection with genital malignancy. Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the fourth most common malignancy, representing 5% of all gynaecological tumours among women. NF due to vulvar SCC is a rare complication. In this article, we present the 1991 case of a 58-year-old diabetic female patient with NF due to vulvar SCC. While surgical intervention was successful, the prognosis for vulvar SCC was poor because of late detection., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: The authors declare no potential conflict of interest., (©Copyright: the Author(s).)

The concept of 'crop ideotype' is coined as a desirable plant model expected to better perform for seed yield, oils and other useful characteristics when developed as a cultivar, and it consists of two major approaches, namely, (i) 'defect elimination', that is, integration of disease resistance to a susceptible genotype from a resistant genotype and (ii) 'selection for yield' by improving yield after crosses between desirable parents. For consideration of these approaches, here we introduced an ideotype in kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) which is high-yielding, extra-large-seeded, and double- or multi-podded, has high plant height and imparipinnate-leafed traits, and is heat tolerant and resistant to ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr.], which causes considerable yield losses, via marker-assisted selection. F 3 and F 4 lines were evaluated for agro-morphological traits divided into six classes, namely, (i) imparipinnate-leafed and single-podded progeny, (ii) imparipinnate-leafed and double-podded progeny, (iii) imparipinnate-leafed and multi-podded progeny, (iv) unifoliolate-leafed and single-podded progeny, (v) unifoliolate-leafed and double-podded progeny, (vi) unifoliolate-leafed and multi-podded progeny. F 3:4 lines having 100-seed weight ≥ 45 g and double- or multi-podded traits were additionally assessed for resistance to ascochyta blight using molecular markers including SCY17 590 and CaETR-1. Superior lines having higher values than their best parents were determined for all studied traits indicating that economic and important traits including yield and seed size in chickpea could be improved by crossing suitable parents. Imparipinnate-leafed and multi-podded plants had not only the highest number of pods and seeds per plant but also the highest yield. On the other hand, imparipinnate-leafed and single podded progeny had the largest seed size, followed by imparipinnate-leafed and double-podded progeny. Multi-podded plants produced 23% more seed yield than that of single-podded plants, while multi-podded plants attained 7.6% more seed yield than that of double-podded plants. SCY17 590 and CaETR-1 markers located on LG4 related to QTL AR2 and QTL AR1 were found in 14 lines among 152 F 3:4 lines. Six superior lines were selected for being double- or multi-podded, imparipinnate-leafed, suitable for combine harvest, heat-tolerant, and resistant to ascochyta blight, and having both of two resistance markers and extra-large seeds as high as 50-60 g per 100-seed weight. Resistance alleles from two different backgrounds for resistance to ascochyta blight were integrated with double- or multi-podded kabuli chickpea lines having high yield, extra-large seeds, high plant height, imparipinnate-leaves and high heat tolerance, playing a crucial role for future demands of population and food security. These approaches seem to be applicable in ideotype breeding for other important crop plants., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Earliness in crop plants has a crucial role in avoiding the stress of drought and heat, which are the most important challenging stressors in crop production and are predicted to increase in the near future due to global warming. Furthermore, it provides a guarantee of vegetable production in the short growing season of agricultural lands in the northern hemisphere and at high altitudes. The growing human population needs super early plant cultivars for these agricultural lands to meet future global demands. This study examined de novo super-early progeny, referred to as much earlier than that of the earlier parent, which flowered in 13-17 days and pod setting in 18-29 days after germination, discovered in F 2 and studied up to F 5 derived from interspecific crosses between garden pea (P. sativum L.) and the most distant relative of pea (P. fulvum Sibth. et Sm.). De novo super-early progeny were found to be earlier by about one month than P. sativum and two months than P. fulvum under short day conditions in the F 5 population. In respect of days to flowering and pod setting, de novo super-early progeny had a relatively high level of narrow sense heritability (h 2  = 82% and 80%, respectively), indicating that the selections for earliness in segregating populations was effective for improvement of extreme early maturing varieties. De novo super-early progeny could be grown under heat stress conditions due to the escape ability. Vegetable types were not only high yielding but also free of any known undesirable traits from the wild species, such as pod dehiscence and non-uniform maturity. It could be considered complementary to "speed breeding", possibly obtaining more than six generations per year in a suitable climate chamber. Not only de novo super-early progeny but also transgressive segregation for agro-morphological traits can be created via interspecific crosses between P. sativum and P. fulvum, a precious unopened treasure in the second gene pool. Useful progeny obtained from crossing wild species with cultivated species reveal the importance of wild species., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Genetic resources of the genus Cicer L. are not only limited when compared to other important food legumes and major cereal crops but also, they include several endemic species with endangered status based on the criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The chief threats to endemic and endangered Cicer species are over-grazing and habitat change in their natural environments driven by climate changes. During a collection mission in east and south-east Anatolia (Turkey), a new Cicer species was discovered, proposed here as C. turcicum Toker, Berger & Gokturk. Here, we describe the morphological characteristics, images, and ecology of the species, and present preliminary evidence of its potential utility for chickpea improvement. C. turcicum is an annual species, endemic to southeast Anatolia and to date has only been located in a single population distant from any other known annual Cicer species. It belongs to section Cicer M. Pop. of the subgenus Pseudononis M. Pop. of the genus Cicer L. (Fabaceae) and on the basis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence similarity appears to be a sister species of C. reticulatum Ladiz. and C. echinospermum P.H. Davis, both of which are inter-fertile with domestic chickpea ( C. arietinum L.). With the addition of C. turcicum , the genus Cicer now comprises 10 annual and 36 perennial species. As a preliminary evaluation of its potential for chickpea improvement two accessions of C. turcicum were field screened for reproductive heat tolerance and seeds were tested for bruchid resistance alongside a representative group of wild and domestic annual Cicer species. C. turcicum expressed the highest heat tolerance and similar bruchid resistance as C. judaicum Boiss. and C. pinnatifidum Juab. & Spach, neither of which are in the primary genepool of domestic chickpea. Given that C. arietinum and C. reticulatum returned the lowest and the second lowest tolerance and resistance scores, C. turcicum may hold much potential for chickpea improvement if its close relatedness supports interspecific hybridization with the cultigen. Crossing experiments are currently underway to explore this question., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Toker, Berger, Eker, Sari, Sari, Gokturk, Kahraman, Aydin and von Wettberg.)

Objectives: This study aims to present our cadaveric and living related donor kidney transplantation experience., Methods: Between September 2009 to February 2015, renal transplantations were performed to 417 patients in Medicana International Ankara Hospital organ transplantation center., Results: Of the patients, 231 were male, and 186 were female. Of the transplantations, 385 came from a living donor, and 32 came from a cadaver donor. The degree of kinship; 324 (77.7%) transplants were received from relatives, 5 (14.1%) with approval by the ethical committee, 32 (7.7%) from cadavers and two (0.5%) with cross-matching. Post-Operative Complications in recipients; lymphocele was found within the graft in two cases, urinary anastomosis leakage was detected in two cases, wound infection was detected in four cases, and hematoma in one case. We had no mortality in post operative or early follow up periods., Conclusion: The morbidity and mortality rates in our organ transplantation center, regarding renal transplantations, are consistent with the literature., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: None declared., (Copyright: © 2019 by The Medical Bulletin of Sisli Etfal Hospital.)

Introduction: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon tumor of the breast, accounting for approximately 0.1% to 1% of all breast cancers. It is characterized by rare lymph node involvement and distant metastasis, and associated with a favorable prognosis with excellent survival, despite its triple-negative status. In the current state of knowledge, results of breast-conserving treatment with postoperative radiotherapy seem to be equivalent to mastectomy alone, with respect to survival for ACC of the breast. Due to its rarity, there is no consensus on optimal treatment for patients with ACC. Otherwise, the role of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy remains controversial. Further clinical studies are required to compare treatment options for ACC. But, a long-term follow-up is very important and mandatory for affected patients, due to the late onset of local relapse and occurrence of distant metastasis., Case Report: Here, we report the case of a patient who presented with a palpable breast mass in the left breast that turned out to be an ACC of the breast., Competing Interests: • Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflict of interests to disclose.

Hamartoma is a rare benign tumor of the spleen. It is often asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. In this study, we report the case of a 51-year-old female patient who was admitted to our department for intermittent epigastric pain since the last 6 months and left upper quadrant fullness. She was diagnosed with splenic hamartoma histopathologically after splenectomy. Although splenic hamartoma is very rare, it must be included in the differential diagnosis of splenic mass-forming lesions., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.

Behcet's disease is a chronic, relapsing, multisystemic, idiopathic, and inflammatory disease. A common gastrointestinal site other than the mouth is the ileocecal region. Intestinal ulcers, due to Behcet's disease, can cause perforation. A 19-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital for Behcet's disease. The patient developed acute abdomen, and laparotomy revealed multiple perforations throughout the terminal ileum. He underwent partial ileum resection. Postoperative period was uneventful, and the patient was discharged. The patient's ileostomy was closed two months after the first operation. He was clinically well during the 16-month follow-up period. This study aimed to report multiple ileum perforations as an unusual complication of Behcet's disease at the time of presentation and review of the current literature of reported cases.

Purpose: The aim of our study is to evaluate the effects of administration of perioperative supplemental oxygen on anastomoses., Methods: Forty male Wistar albino rats were used in the study and randomized into 4 groups. Ischemia-reperfusion models were built in groups 3 and 4. Jejunojejunostomy was performed in all rats and assigned to an oxygen/nitrous oxide mixture with a fraction of inspired oxygen of 30% in groups 1 and 3 and 80% in groups 2 and 4. The measurements of perianastomotic tissue oxygen pressure, bursting pressure, level of hydroxyproline were evaluated and compared in all groups., Results: The perianastomotic tissue oxygen pressures, bursting pressures and levels of hydroxyproline were identified as significantly high in groups 2 and 4, administered a fraction of inspired oxygen of 80%, compared to groups 1 and 3, administered a fraction of inspired oxygen of 30%., Conclusion: Perioperative supplemental oxygen contributes positively to the anastomotic healing.

Objectives: Breast hamartoma is an uncommon breast tumor that accounts for approximately 4.8% of all benign breast masses. The pathogenesis is still poorly understood and breast hamartoma is not a well-known disorder, so its diagnosis is underestimated by clinicians and pathologists. This study was designed to present our experience with breast hamartoma, along with a literature review., Method: We reviewed the demographic data, pathologic analyses and imaging and results of patients diagnosed with breast hamartoma between December 2003 and September 2013., Results: In total, 27 cases of breast hamartoma operated in the Ankara University Medicine Faculty's Department of General Surgery were included in the study. All patients were female and the mean age was 41.8±10.8 years. The mean tumor size was 3.9±2.7 cm. Breast ultrasound was performed on all patients before surgery. The most common additional lesion was epithelial hyperplasia (22.2%). Furthermore, lobular carcinoma in situ was identified in one case and invasive ductal carcinoma was observed in another case. Immunohistochemical staining revealed myoid hamartoma in one case (3.7%)., Conclusion: Breast hamartomas are rare benign lesions that may be underdiagnosed because of the categorization of hamartomas as fibroadenomas by pathologists. Pathologic examinations can show variability from one case to another. Thus, the true incidence may be higher than the literature indicates.