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Since the beginning of the civil war in Syria, Türkiye has been receiving millions of Syrian refugees. Based on the reports of the Ministry of National Education (MONE) of Türkiye, more than one million refugees in Türkiye are of school age. Children are one of the most affected groups from the refugee flow. The literature indicated that lack of communication and language skills, limited support by parents, and economic and cultural differences were educational challenges that typically developing Syrian refugee children in Türkiye have been experiencing. However, very few studies have explored the educational issues that Syrian refugee children with disabilities have been experiencing. This study was conducted to contribute to the literature by exploring the educational challenges that Syrian refugee children with disabilities have been experiencing. Structured and semistructured interviews were conducted with eight parents of refugee children with disabilities and eight teachers of the students. Findings of the present study indicated that most of the educational issues that children with disabilities have been experiencing were the same as those experienced by typically developing Syrian refugee children. These common issues included language and communication barriers, cultural differences, and economic issues. The present study added that limited cooperation between parents and teachers, lack of educational materials designed for bilingual children with disabilities, and lack of expectations of parents from their children with disabilities were the issues that Syrian refugee children with disabilities have been experiencing. This study provides implications for practice and suggestions for future research.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of English language teachers' perfectionism and self-efficacy perceptions on their professional motivation levels. The research was a relational survey model and causal comparison research. The study consisted of 450 English teachers working in official primary and secondary schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) in Zonguldak province and its districts in the 2021-2022 academic year. "Personal Information Form", "Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale", "Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale" and "Teacher Professional Motivation Scale" were used as data collection tools. Frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, t-test for independent groups, one-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to analyse the data. As a result of the study, it was found that English language teachers' perfectionism varied in favour of teachers with 0-5 years of professional seniority according to professional seniority; it did not vary according to gender and institution of employment. It was seen that self-efficacy perceptions changed in favour of female teachers according to gender, in favour of teachers with 0-5 years of professional seniority according to professional seniority, and in favour of teachers working in primary schools according to the institution of employment. It was seen that professional motivation levels changed in favour of teachers with 0-5 years of professional seniority according to professional seniority, in favour of teachers working in primary schools according to the institution of employment; it did not change according to gender. There was no significant relationship between English teachers' professional motivation levels and their perfectionism, but there was a significant relationship between English teachers' professional motivation levels and their self-efficacy perceptions. A positive, significant and low level relationship was found between perfectionism and self-efficacy perception general scores. The variables "order", "parental criticism", "parental expectations" and "effectiveness for classroom management" were found to be predictors of English teachers' professional motivation levels.

Aim: Childhood cancer survival has improved significantly with advances in multimodal treatment. However, treatment-related long-term side effects, including dental developmental abnormalities, remain a concern. The aim of this study was to investigate permanent tooth development and associated risk factors in childhood cancer survivors who were treated before the age of six years, focusing on non-leukemia cases. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on childhood cancer cases treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy at a single center. Patients diagnosed before the age of six and who were twelve or above at the time of assessment were included. Dental examinations, including Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth index and radiographic assessments, were performed. Statistical analyses were performed in order to identify associations between treatment modalities and dental findings. Results: Of 914 patients, 90 met the inclusion criteria, with 35 participating in this study. The mean age at diagnosis was four years, with a mean follow-up duration of ten years. Root shortening, hypoplasia, and hypodontia were observed to be common dental anomalies. There was a significant association between alkylating agents, vinca alkaloid plus alkylating agents and root shortening (p

Objective: It has been shown that clonal mutations occur in hematopoietic stem cells with advancing age and increase the risk of death due to atherosclerotic vascular diseases, similarly to myeloproliferative neoplasms. Endothelial cells (ECs) and hematopoietic stem cells develop from common stem cells called hemangioblasts in the early embryonic period. However, the presence of hemangioblasts in the postnatal period is controversial. In this study, JAK2 gene variants were examined in patients with atherosclerotic carotid disease and without any hematological malignancies. Materials and Methods: Ten consecutive patients (8 men and 2 women) with symptomatic atherosclerotic carotid stenosis were included in this study. ECs (CD31+CD45-) were separated from tissue samples taken by carotid endarterectomy. JAK2 variants were examined in ECs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and oral epithelial cells of the patients with next-generation sequencing. Results: The median age of the patients was 74 (range: 58-80) years and the median body mass index value was 24.44 (range: 18.42- 30.85) kg/m2. Smoking history was present in 50%, hypertension in 80%, diabetes in 70%, and ischemic heart disease in 70% of the cases. The JAK2V617F mutation was detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 3 of the 10 patients, and 2 patients also had the JAK2V617F mutation in their ECs. The JAK2V617F mutation was not found in the oral epithelial cells of any of the patients. Conclusion: In this study, for the first time in the literature, we showed that the JAK2V617F mutation was found somatically in both peripheral blood cells and ECs in patients with atherosclerosis. This finding may support that ECs and hematopoietic cells originate from a common clone or that somatic mutations can be transmitted to ECs by other mechanisms. Examining the molecular and functional changes caused by the JAK2V617F mutation in ECs may help open a new avenue for treating atherosclerosis.

Providing students with opportunities to build, and test and revise ideas, can help them develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. In this article, the authors describe how core measurement and geometry concepts were embedded within a "Model It!" task. They replicate an industry-based, interdisciplinary problem, but only focus on the mathematical ideas here. Twenty-six Algebra 1 students worked on organizing gingerbread houses within a community and designing the path and operation of a mini-trolley tour. Starting work on these tasks required that students keep the task specifications in mind. With guidance from their teacher, the students sub-divided their modeling work into creating three designs: (1) trolley path design, (2) gingerbread community design, and (3) a two-dimensional (2D) model of the gingerbread community to fit the resort ballroom.

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that treatment delays might be an effect modifier regarding risks and benefits of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) before mechanical thrombectomy (MT). METHODS: We used the dataset of the SWIFT-DIRECT trial, which randomized 408 patients to IVT+MT or MT alone. Potential interactions between assignment to IVT+MT and expected time from onset-to-needle (OTN) as well as expected time from door-to-needle (DTN) were included in regression models. The primary outcome was functional independence (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-2) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included mRS shift, mortality, recanalization rates, and (symptomatic) intracranial hemorrhage at 24 hours. RESULTS: We included 408 patients (IVT+MT 207, MT 201, median age 72 years (IQR 64-81), 209 (51.2%) female). The expected median OTN and DTN were 142 min and 54 min in the IVT+MT group and 129 min and 51 min in the MT alone group. Overall, there was no significant interaction between OTN and bridging IVT assignment regarding either the functional (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.76, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.30) and safety outcomes or the recanalization rates. Analysis of in-hospital delays showed no significant interaction between DTN and bridging IVT assignment regarding the dichotomized functional outcome (aOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.14 to 1.62), but the shift and mortality analyses suggested a greater benefit of IVT when in-hospital delays were short. CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence that the effect of bridging IVT on functional independence is modified by overall or in-hospital treatment delays. Considering its low power, this subgroup analysis could have missed a clinically important effect, and exploratory analysis of secondary clinical outcomes indicated a potentially favorable effect of IVT with shorter in-hospital delays. Heterogeneity of the IVT effect size before MT should be further analyzed in individual patient meta-analysis of comparable trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03192332.

This paper explains the construction of a novel augmented hunger games search algorithm using a logarithmic spiral opposition-based learning technique. The proposed algorithm (LsOBL-HGS) is used as an efficient tool for both function optimization and controller design. To assess the performance of the algorithm for function optimization, benchmark functions from the CEC2017 test suite were employed and comparisons were made with available and good performing algorithms. In terms of controller design, the proposed LsOBL-HGS algorithm was utilized to design a FOPID controlled magnetic ball suspension system. Comparative assessments were also performed for FOPID controller design, as well using other state-of-the-art methods reported for the magnetic ball suspension system. The results showed that the proposed LsOBL-HGS algorithm has good capability for FOPID controller design employed in a magnetic ball suspension system as it provided an improvement of more than 13% in terms of the transient response-related parameters and more than 34% in terms of bandwidth compared to the best-reported approach used for comparisons.

Abstract A novel numerical method is introduced for minimising the presence of scattering echoes in the frontal area of a dielectric ellipsoid through the application of the method of auxiliary sources (MAS) method. This approach utilises a Gaussian radio pulse that spans the frequency spectrum from 0 to 6 GHz. The approach involves determining the properties of an ellipsoid, such as its dimensions and a dielectric permittivity, using a specially developed MATLAB software package to make this ellipsoid invisible. This provides a valuable military and defence technology tool, particularly for stealth and invisibility technology applications. It is beneficial for avoiding detection by radar systems utilised for enemy surveillance and identifying concealed objects. This aims to eliminate the need for metamaterials for invisibility cloaking. The suggested methodology has been confirmed through a validation process, which involved a comparison of the outcomes derived from numerical experiments conducted during pulse echo observations using the FDTD method and an analytical solution. MAS offers a notable advantage over other methods and commercial software by significantly reducing computational time for simulating and analysing 3D dielectric objects. This allows for quicker consideration of various parameter scenarios and optimisation for desired outcomes.

Background/Aims: As a source of hematopoietic stem cells, peripheral blood stem cells have been used more frequently in both malignant and non-malignant diseases. There are some difficulties in the collection of PBSC from children compared to adults such as vascular access and, extracorporeal circuit volume, especially in small children.Methods: In this study, we present our experience in 63 children who underwent peripheral blood stem cell collection and transplantation between November 2016 and September 2023. Results: The median age and weight of the children at the time of apheresis procedures were 10.25 years and 34 kg, respectively. Of 63 peripheral blood stem cell collection and transplantations, 48 were autologous and 15 were allogeneic. The median cell yield per apheresis procedure was 2.6 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg (0.6-9.66). Four of the total 63 patients and donors required multiple apheresis procedures. No significant side effects were observed after apheresis procedures. Conclusions: We observed that in experienced hands, peripheral blood stem cell collection and transplantation in children is at least as safe and effective as in adults.

Bu kitap değerlendirmesinde Musa Şamil Yüksel’in doktora tezi olarak hazırladığı eseri tanıtılmaktadır. Eser, Timurlular (1370-1507) döneminde din ve devlet ilişkisini konu edinmektedir. Timurlu hükümdarlarının bireysel dindarlıkları ve din anlayışlarının devlet yöntemine yansımaları akıcı bir üslupla ele alınmıştır. Eser literatüre kültür tarihi yönünden katkı sağlamaktadır. Çalışmada, tartışmaya açık cümleler, sıklıkla düşülen tekrarlar, dipnot kullanımında benimsenen usul gibi sorun teşkil edecek taraflar vardır. Bu değerlendirmede tartışmaya açık cümleler incelenmiş, kitabın eksik olarak görülen yönlerinin giderilmesine dair öneriler sunulmuştur.

Positive tipping points are promising leverage points in social systems for accelerated progress towards climate and sustainability targets. Besides their impact in specific social systems such as energy, food, or social norms and values, positive tipping dynamics may in some cases spread across different systems, amplifying the impact of tipping interventions. However, the cross-system interactions that can create such tipping cascades are sparsely examined. Here, we review interactions across sociotechnical, socioecological, socioeconomic, and sociopolitical systems that can lead to tipping cascades based on the emerging and relevant past evidence. We show that there are several feedback mechanisms where a strategic input can trigger secondary impacts for a disproportionately large positive response, and various agents that can trigger such cascades. This review of cross-system interactions facilitates the quantification and analysis of positive tipping cascades in future studies.

Cognitive dysfunction is the most important determinant for the recovery in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Cognitive dysfunction serves as an endophenotype although it may be a consequence of drug treatments. In schizophrenia starting from the first episode, pronounced cognitive defects such as cognitive flexibility, inhibition, verbal fluency, verbal memory and visual-motor processing are observable. These cognitive defects remain stable in the chronic phase of schizophrenia. On the other hand, cognitive dysfunctions in bipolar disorder patients have a heterogeneous pattern. One group of patients show no evidence of cognitive dysfunction while one group has limited dysfunction (of processing speed, attention, verbal learning and social cognition) and another one has wide spread dysfunctions as seen in schizophrenia. Despite its importance, no satisfactory results have been achieved in the treatment of cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. In this article, the evaluation and treatment of the most frequent cognitive dysfunctions of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are reviewed.