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Abstract. Nelly N, Hamid H, Lina EC, Yunisman, Yaherwandi, Putri YD. 2023. The development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Several varieties of maize. Biodiversitas 24: 523-530. Fall armyworm (FAW) or Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive pest in Indonesia that cause damage to maize (Zea mays). Farmers for animal feed mainly cultivate several varieties of maize in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to test the resistance of maize varieties to fall armyworms planted by farmers. Therefore, this research aims to determine the resistance of several observed maize varieties based on their effects on the developmental time of S. frugiperda. The study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and five replications. The treatments for larvae feed consisted of five maize varieties: Sukmaraga, NK-212, Pioneer 21, Bonanza F1, and Secada F1. The development length from egg to adult and life parameters in the second generation were observed. Results of the study showed that the larval and pupal stages of S. frugiperda in the Sukmaraga variety had a longer development duration than the other four varieties, with the larval stage at 20.38 days and pupae at 11.26 days. In addition, the lowest pupae weight was found in the Sukmaraga variety. The maize varieties affect the length of the larval stage and the weight of the pupae and eggs produced. Based on these results, it can be concluded that Sukmaraga is a variety causing a more prolonged larval stage and lower pupae weight than other varieties. Furthermore, the eggs produced by the second-generation female S. frugiperda adult are fewer than in different varieties.

Harga jual minyak sereh wangi yang sangat rendah yaitu Rp. 140.000/liter dan rendemen yang rendah sekitar 0,5-1,2% dari total bahan baku yang disuling menjadi persoalan serius bagi petani sereh wangi umumnya dan Kelompok tani Laiang Jaya, Solok, Sumatera Barat umumnya. Hidrosol merupakan emulsi minyak atsiri yang terikat pada air dan masih mengandung 0,02% minyak atsiri. Saat ini hidrosol yang di hasilkan belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal oleh petani sereh wangi. Aktivitas insektisida dapat ditingkatkan dengan menambahkan bahan tanaman yang memiliki sifat racun syaraf seperti sirih hutan (Piper aduncum) yang mudah di temukan di hutan dan lahan-lahan kosong di sekitar lokasi petani mitra. Isolasi bahan aktif sirih hutan dilakukan dengan sistem penyulingan sehingga tidak menyulitkan bagi petani untuk memproduksi dan tentu saja menambah pendapatan melalui alternatif pemanfaatan alat suling saat tidak digunakan. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah transfer ilmu pengetahuan terkait pemanfaatan limbah sereh wangi menjadi produk bermanfaat seperti sebagai bahan baku insektisida botani. Metode yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan ini adalah adanya penyuluhan, workshop, pelatihan, pendampingan dan evaluasi kegiatan. Kegiatan ini memberikan dampak yang positif terhadap kelompok tani. Dengan kegiatan ini, kelompok tani mengerti dan paham akan penting nya teknologi dalam pengembangan produk. Selain itu, dengan kegiatan ini juga di hasilkan prototype berupa insektisida botani dari limbah sereh wangi. Serta memperoleh ilmu terkait branding dan packaging produk-produk turunan minyak sereh wangi lainnya yang berbeda dari yang biasanya.

There is still a lack of knowledge of Andalas University inventors on the importance of the Innovation Readiness Level (KATSINOV), which is a tool to measure the level of innovation. Therefore, it is necessary to hold socialization to the inventors and SMEs of Padang City to provide information about the importance of this KATSINOV. This socialization activity was carried out through a zoom meeting by inviting experts in this field. The method used is the presentation method, namely by providing socialization about KATSINOV to the inventors and tenants of Andalas University. In addition, the methods used were observation and direct interviews with Andalas University inventors to identify and measure KATSINOV's respective products. Socialization was provided by resource persons who understand KATSINOV. Katsinov is organized into six levels and seven key aspects covering technology, market, organization, partnership, risk, manufacturing and investment. This socialization activity resulted in the measurement of the level of product innovation readiness of Andalas University research. Furthermore, it was necessary to design a website-based application to facilitate the measurement of KATSINOV research products and West Sumatra MSME products.

Inkubator bisnis memiliki peran sebagai lembaga pendamping yang membantu para pelaku usaha menjadi mandiri. Program pembinaan berjangka dihadirkan dalam bentuk training, coaching, mentoring, dan evaluating dengan tujuan mengurangi resiko kegagalan bisnis, memperoleh akses pasar, akses implementasi teknologi dan akses pendukung lainnya. Kegiatan inkubasi produk unggulan daerah merupakan kerjasama Unit Inkubator Bisnis Teknologi dibawah Science Techno Park (STP) Universitas Andalas dengan Kota Solok yang bertujuan melahirkan wirausaha mandiri yang menjadi cikal bakal klaster industri. Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM) makanan ringan adalah salah satu jenis usaha yang menjadi fokus pengembangan. Kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam program inkubasi ini dilaksanakan dalam bentuk seminar sehari, workshop implementasi teknologi, pendampingan/inkubasi bisnis, kunjungan industri, Branding dan Packaging. Makanan ringan khas kota solok antara lain olahan singkong yang disebut Karak Kaliang dan aneka keripik dari berbagai jenis bahan baku, diantaranya keripik pare. Karak kaliang dari kota solok memiliki ciri khas yang tidak dimiliki daerah lain yang memproduksi makanan yang sama. Karak kaliang kota solok berwarna putih bersih, ukurannya lebih kecil dibandingkan karak kaliang dari daerah lain. Selama ini karak kaliang dan keripik pare di produksi secara tradisional yang memiliki beberapa kekurangan antara lain, biaya produksi cukup tinggi karena minyak yang digunakan untuk menggoreng hanya bisa digunakan 3 kali ulangan, produk tidak tahan di simpan lama karena mudah tengik, upah tenaga kerja tinggi, pemasaran ditingkat lokal saja. Setelah mendapat sentuhan inovasi munculah karak kaliang yang di produksi secara lebih higienis, sehat dan kekinian dengan packaging dan branding baru, begitu juga dengan keripik pare. Kemajuan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan segmen pasar makanan ringan khas kota Solok, memperluas pemasaran, meningkatkan daya simpan dan daya saing produk. UKM mitra di harapkan mampu menjadi pioneer bagi kemajuan industri makanan ringan di kota Solok.

Nelly N, Hamid H, Lina EC, Yunisman, Hidrayani, Widyasari DM. 2022. Several local food plants with the potential as hosts for Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Biodiversitas 23: 1693-1699. Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) or abbreviated as FAW is a major invasive pest of corn crops in America, its native country. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of several plant types as hosts on FAW biology and reproduction. It was conducted at the Insect Bioecology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Andalas University using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 4 replications. The FAW larvae from the field were fed with different plant leaves, namely corn (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), soybeans (Glycine max), and reared until the second generation. Meanwhile, the larvae in the second generation were used as test insects with different feed treatments. Observations were made on the morphology and life parameters of FAW, including the length of the stadia, egg, larvae, pupae, and adult, as well as the laying time and pattern, with the number of eggs produced. The results showed that there were no morphological differences in S. frugiperda, except for the size. Moreover, the body size of the adult-derived from larvae fed with soybean leaves, namely 25.95 mm, was the smallest compared to corn and rice, while the shortest time for larvae development from instar I to VI was obtained with corn leaf feed for 13.55 days. The life span of females derived from larvae fed on soybean leaves was shorter than the others. Larvae fed on soybeans, female life span was 26.00, rice was 34.00 and corn was 31.44 days. Adult females of larvae given soybean leaves produced the highest number of eggs (879.44 eggs) compared to rice (505.00 eggs) and maize (546.33 eggs). Local food crops other than corn, namely rice and soybeans, can be potential hosts for S. frugiperda.

Sorgum merupakan tanaman yang adaptif, dapat tumbuh optimal pada lahan kering dan masam, dan tahan terhadap kondisi marjinal (kekeringan, salinitas dan lahan masam). Tanaman ini memiliki manfaat sebagai sumber karbohidrat pengganti beras dan dapat diolah menjadi produk turunan lainnya. Sejauh ini masyarakat mengkonsumsi bulir sorgum yang diolah secara tradisional antara lain di buat bubur atau di kukus dan langsung dinikmati. Selain itu, dengan pengolahan yang baik dapat menjadikan sorgum sebagai pangan fungsional kesehatan potensial. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat sekitar dengan memberikan pengetahuan dan informasi terkait pengolahan dan budidaya sorgum. Kegiatan dilaksanakan dalam bentuk penyuluhan, pelatihan, dan pendampingan. Di akhir program terjadi transfer teknologi yang dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pendapatan masyarakat di Nagari Rambatan. Dari hasil kegiatan diperoleh bahwa Jorong Pabalutan dan Dusun Ladang Laweh berada di Nagari Rambatan Kecamatan Rambatan Kabupaten Tanah Datar, Sumatera Barat. Nagari Rambatan mempunyai 1.550 kepala keluarga yang mayoritas petani padi di sawah, menyadap karet, dan lain-lain. Luas lahan persawahan di Nagari Rambatan sekitar 27.442 Ha. Kondisi umum yang dihadapi petani adalah masalah pengairan, petani hanya bertanam padi di sawah dua kali dalam setahun bahkan hanya sekali dalam setahun. Hal ini disebabkan karena Rambatan termasuk daerah bayangan hujan. Salah satu upaya untuk mengisi kekosongan lahan saat musim kemarau adalah dengan melakukan budidaya tanaman sorgum. Selanjutnya hasil survei terhadap kelompok tani Sepakat dan kelompok tani Kuta Bali menunjukkan keinginan yang kuat untuk mendapatkan transfer pengetahuan dan teknologi yang terkait dengan budidaya sorgum yang baik dan benar.

Sorghum farmers in West Sumatra, especially Padang Pariaman, have low knowledge of sorghum varieties in plants. This is because sorghum relatively new food commodity cultivated in this area. The three varieties of sorghum that are often grown by farmers are numbu, Super 1, and red varieties, which differ in morphology, texture, and taste. The general procedure for harvesting sorghum begins with cutting panicles, drying them in the sun, threshing them, and drying them again until the moisture content reaches 12%. Then the sorghum seeds are crushed using a sosoh machine so that the tannin in the outer skin layer is lost. After going through the filling process, sorghum rice is produced, can be consumed directly by cooking it into porridge, cooked like rice, or mixed with rice (rasgum). Sorghum rice can also be ground into flour and used as a base for making various types of food. The community service team has carried out a chemical analysis of sorghum flour. There are amylose and amylopectin analysis, starch content analysis, starch gelatinization profile, and reducing sugar. The objective of this activity is to transfer knowledge and technology related to sorghum rice and sorghum flour as raw materials for food processing. From the data obtained, known that red sorghum has the best performance as raw material for wet-processed food, while Numbu and Super 1 are suitable as raw materials for dry processed food.

Nelly N, Hamid H, Lina EC, Yunisman. 2021. Distribution and genetic diversity of Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) on maize in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2504-2511. Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda is a major maize pest, reportedly entering West Sumatra, Indonesia in early 2019. After a year of its discovery, there has been no information on the distribution and genetic diversity of this pest. In the present study, research has been carried out to obtain reliable information on the spread, incidence, and genetic diversity of this pest during July-October 2020 at the maize production center of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Sampling was then carried out using the purposive random sampling method, on maize fields in 5 districts (West Pasaman, Padang Pariaman, Solok, Limapuluh Kota and, Tanah Datar). The sample plots were determined with a size of 1x1m2 to observe the population and incidence, meanwhile, the observations were recorded on the larvae number and the percentage damage. Each district location's genetic diversity was analyzed based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene nucleotide variations amplified with specific primers. The observations show that S. frugiperda had attacked all maize planting sites in West Sumatra with the attacks ranging percentage from 12.78 to 41.25% and an average larval population of 0.26-1.05 larvae / 2 plants. The genetic diversity analysis results of the S. frugiperda West Sumatra population, on the phylogenetic tree, were divided into two groups, the first is group A which consisted of West Pasaman isolates, and Solok isolates. The second, Group B consisted of Padang Pariaman, Limapuluh Kota, and Tanah Datar isolates (The percentage genetic similirity 99.86-100%). The S. frugiperda population genetics in West Sumatra are similar to those isolates from several other countries in the world.

Nanoemulsion is a material which consists of oil and water phases with particle size in the range of 20-200 nm. The purpose of this research is to obtain a botanical insecticide nanoemulsion made from T. vogelii which is active against C. pavonana. Nanoemulsion made using low energy method whch is spontaneous emulsification using a magnetic stirrer. This research produced 12 formulas. Four best formulas chosen for PSA (Particle Size Analizer) analysis. Four formulas was selected based on the toxicity of each formula. Nanoemulsion was analyzed for PSA using Malvern\'s Zetasizer Nano (ZN). The analysis results showed nanoemulsion A.1, A.2, B.1.a and B.1.b had particle sizes in a row of 134nm, 156nm, 1292nm, and 1286nm. Formulas A.1 and A.2 have fulfilled the nanoemulsion requirements and criteria, otherwise formulas B.1.a and B.1.b have not classified as nano-sized material, so they cannot be categorized as nanoemulsions. Formulas A.1, A.2, B.1.a and B.1.b have LC_95 values is 1.09%, 3.15%, 0.45% and 2.26%.

Nagari Lawang merupakan sebuah nagari di daerah Kabupaten Agam, Sumatera Barat yang dikenal sebagai sentral tanaman tebu. Tanaman tebu yang telah diolah menjadi gula saka ataupun produk lainnya akan meghasilkan limbah berupa ampas tebu yang hanya digunakan untuk pembakaran serta dibuang begitu saja tanpa dimanfaatkan. Kegiatan bertujuan untuk transfer ilmu dan teknologi dari lingkungan perguruan tinggi kepada masyarakat terkait pemanfaatan limbah ampas tebu, mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan serta membuka peluang usaha bagi masyarakat setempat. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan empat tahapan umum, yaitu sosialisasi pengenalan program, implementasi dilapangan, monitoring program, dan evaluasi. Implikasi dari hasil kegiatan ini yaitu pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam mengembangbiakkan jamur Trichoderma dengan media ampas tebu dan pengaplikasian jamur Trichoderma dengan pupuk kandang pada tanaman pertanian.

Sumatera Barat merupakan provinsi yang penduduknya rata-rata bekerja sebagai petani. Produksi padi di Sumatera Barat cukup tinggi, mencapai 55.532 ton per tahunnya. Namun, petani mengalami kesulitan dalam mengahadapi serangan hama, salah satunya yaitu hama burung. Hama burung menyebabkan kehilangan hasil mencapai 30% bahkan 100% pada tingkat serangan yang parah, dan pada tanaman serelia lainnya mampu memnyebabkan kehilangan hasil mencapai 67%. Akibat kehilangan hasil yang cukup tinggi, perlu dilakukannya pengendalian terhadap hama burung. Tetapi, pengendalian hama burung tidak sama dengan hama lain yang dapat dikendalikan secara praktis menggunakan pestisida karena hama burung yang bersifat mobile atau aktif bergerak. Saat ini petani masih menggunakan pengendalian secara mekanis yang di Sumatera disebut dengan istilah ‘Manggaro’. Dimana petani menunggui sawah dan ladangnya selama fase pengisian bulir hingga panen. Pengendalian seacara mekanis ini menghabiskan waktu petani untuk menghalau kedatangan hama burung. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, maka dibutuhkan suatu usaha dan teknologi yang mampu digunakan untuk menghalau burung tanpa perlu diawasi oleh petani, hemat waktu dan lebih efisien dalam pengendalian serta dapat digunakan dalam jangka panjang. Kegiatan penelitian yang diusulkan meliputi pemasangan alat penghalau burung otomatis dengan sistem deteksi panas tubuh dan motor pengayun sumber bunyi di lahan sawah yang berada disalingka kampus Unand Limau Manis. Pengamatan yang dilakukan adalah hasil produksi padi terhadap 3 perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu penggunaan alat penghalau otomatis hama burung, penggunaan jaring burung dan lahan tanpa menggunakan alat atau dsebut juga sebagai kontrol. Selanjutnya,data yang diperoleh akan dianalisis untuk melihat efektivitas alat penghalau hama burung otomatis. Manfaat alat ini dapat membantu petani dalam pengendalian hama burung. Dimana petani tidak harus berada dilahan persawahannya seharian penuh untuk menghalau hama burung yang menyerang lahan persawahan tersebut.

Nanoemulsion is a preparation consisting of an oil phase and a water phase with particle sizes in the range of 20-200 nm. The study aimed to obtain a mixed nanoemulsion from Piper aduncum fruit and Tephrosia vogelii leaves as an active botanical insecticide against larvae of Crocidolomia pavonana. Nanoemulsions were made using a low energy method, namely spontaneous emulsification using a magnetic stirrer and then followed by a toxicity test. The nanoemulsion toxicity test was carried out singly and in a mixture on C. pavonana larvae using the deep leaf method. The results showed that at the LC50 and LC95 nanoemulsion of mixture T. vogelii and P. aduncum extract was synergistic and showed higher activity than a single nanoemulsion of T. vogelii and P. aduncum.

An arthropod is one of the critical animal groups in the agriculture ecosystem. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of botanical insecticide mixed with formulation from Piper aduncum fruit and Tephrosia vogelii leaf as well as their application intensity against the diversity of soil arthropods. The research was conducted in cabbage plantation regularly applied with pesticide using Randomized Block Design two factorial with 5 treatments and 3 duplications in three regions (Jorong Jambu Kaniki, Batipuh Atas, and Tanah Datar) from March to July 2017. The treatments included control, WP (wettable powder) botanical insecticide formulation, EC (Emulsifiable concentrate) botanical insecticides formulation, BT (Bacillus thuringiensis) formulation, and synthetic insecticide (chlorfenapyr). Soil arthropod samples were taken by pitfall trap at 75 points representing all treatments. The type of formulations and intensity of application affect the number of soil arthropods individuals. There is an interaction between formulations and intensity of application, enhancement on formulations application of WP, and EC tend to increase the number of soil arthropods individual. Otherwise, the use of synthetic insecticide significantly decreases the number of soil arthropod individuals. The application intensity did not affect the type of soil arthropods. Further identification of soil arthropod samples from the experimental field showed the diversity of soil arthropods is categorized as moderate (2,23–2,97), evenness is categorized medium to high (0,25-0,65), index similarity formulations are categorized high (0,923- 1,000), and index similarity intensity application in categorizing medium to high (0,667-1,000). Soil arthropods ware found in cabbage plantations consist of 3 classes: Arachnida (1 Order; 1 Family), Insecta (1 Order; 4 Family), Entoghnata (1 Order; 2 Family). Order Collembola, Family Onychiuridae dominated soil arthropods.

Nanoemulsion is a technology that can improve the performance of botanical insecticides. Nanoemulsion can increase the stability of active substances, prevent the decomposition of active ingredients by microorganisms, allows to activate ingredients directly on the target site, which aims to reduce damage. This research was conducted at the Sumatra Biota Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy and Insect Bioecology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang, from June to August 2018. The purpose of this research was to obtain T. vogelii formulations in the form of nanoparticles using spontaneous emulsification as a botanical insecticide that can control cabbage pests of Crocidolomia pavonana larvae. The result of this research showed the particle size nanoemulsion of formula A is 206.7 (nm) formula B is 432.6 (nm). The distribution of formula A nanoemulsion particles are classified as polydispersion, and Formula B is monodispersed. Mortality larvae instar 2 C. Pavonana in both formulas showed good results, namely >50%. This shows that nanoemulsion T. vogelii is very effective for controlling C. pavonana cabbage pests.

Botanical insecticide nanoemulsion is an insecticide with a transparent emulsion system, and it is an oil and water dispersion stabilized by a surfactant molecule, which has a size ranging from 50 to 500 nm. The experiment was conducted in Biota Sumatera Laboratory Faculty of Pharmacy and Insect Bioecology Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture Andalas University Padang on from July to August year 2018. The purpose of this research was to obtain the nanoemulsion of Piper aduncum fruit as a botanical insecticide capable of controlling the pest of cabbage larvae Crocidolomia pavonana. The experimental design used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) that consists of control treatment and nanoemulsion treatment of P. aduncum. Observations were used PSA with Zetasizer Nano ZS Malvern tools. Insecticidal activity of nanoemulsion was tested against C. pavonana. As the study found, the nanoemulsion has the following characteristics; its size ranges from 18.56 to 216.7 nm, its polydispersity index ranges from 0,202 to 0,371, its zeta potential ranges from -0,410 to -28,7 mV, and its distribution width range from 8,11 to 5570 nm. It has insecticidal activity against C. pavonana.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the safety of mixture formulations of Tephrosia vogelii and Piper aduncum at various storage temperatures and their insecticidal activity against C. pavonana larvae. Formulations were made from T. vogelii and P. aduncum (1:5) in emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and wettable powder (WP) form. Both formulations have strong insecticidal activity against C. pavonana. This research used a randomized completed design in different temperature treatments. Insecticidal activity of formulations after storage was tested against C. pavonana. The treatments were done using deep leaf method in 5 concentrations and 5 replications. The results showed that LC95 value of EC formulation after storage at condition: below 4°C, room temperature, and 40°C were 0.19%, 0.34% and 0.21% respectively. Based on LC95 value of EC formulation from each treatment, indicated that EC formulation after storage could hold insecticidal activity as good as insecticidal activity before storage due to LC95 value after storage relatively lower than LC95 value before storage (0.35%). In the contrary, WP formulation activity was significantly decreased in all treatments compared to WP formulation activity before storage based on LC95 value.

The objective of this study was to make formulation of mixed extracts of Tephrosia vogelii and Piper aduncum in the form of emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and wettable powder (WP), which had insecticidal activity against C. pavonana cabbage pest. The rasio of T. vogelii and P. aduncum was 1:5 which was stable in water distillation and hard water. EC and WP formulations have insecticidal activity against C. pavonana with LC50 and LC95 of EC formulation were 0.15% and 0.13% and WP formulation 0.35% and 0.31% respectively. Besides causing the mortality of C. pavonana, EC and WP formulations inhibited the development of treatment larvae. The inhibition development of larval from second to third instar approximately2.31 days, and the third to fourth instar 2.38 days compared to control. Residue of EC and WP formulations killed 100% C. pavonana at first day treatment, but Formulations persistence were significantly decreased on the second and third days after treatment. The addition of sunscreen ingredients did not affect the extract persistence on broccoli leaves.

Crocidolomia pavonana merupakan hama penting pada famili Brassicaceae. Insektisida nabati merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk pengendalian hama yang layak dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat campuran ekstrak air buah sirih hutan Piper aduncum (Piperaceae) dan ekstrak batang Sereh Cymbopogon citrtatus (Poaceae) terhadap larva Crocidolomia pavonana. Penelitian dilakukan dalam bentuk percobaan melalui dua tahap yaitu uji ekstrak tunggal dan uji ekstrak campuran, menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Parameter pengamatannya adalah mortalitas larva, efek antifeedant dan lama perkembangan larva. Kedua ekstrak yang diperoleh diuji terhadap larva instar II C. pavonana dengan metode celup daun (lama pemberian daun perlakuan 48 jam). Hasil analisis probit menggunakan program Polo PC diperoleh LC50 pada konsentrasi 2,83% dan LC95 pada konsentrasi 5,79%. Berdasarkan nilai indeks kombinasi, campuran ekstrak P. aduncum dan C. citratus pada LC50 bersifat antagonis dan pada LC95 bersifat aditif. Ekstrak campuran P. aduncum dan C. citratus tergolong lemah dalam mempengaruhi aktivitas makan larva C. pavonana yaitu 41%, juga memperpanjang masa perkembangan larva 0,24 hari pada stadia larva instar II ke instar III, dan 0,97 hari dari stadia larva instar III ke instar IV. Kata Kunci : Ekstrak Campuran, Mortalitas, C. pavonana, P. aduncum, C. citratus, antagonis, aditif.

The effect of active fraction Aglalia harmsiana Perkins (Meliaceae) to physiology of Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) larvae. This study was conducted to evaluate the physiological interferences in the soybean armyworm Spodoptera litura caused by active fractions of Aglaia harmsiana seed extract. The activity of the test materials was assessed by dietary preparation and topical application method. Repeated fractionations of A. harmsiana extract by chromatographic methods yielded two active fractions, designated as fraction 2-7 (0.0184%) and 2-8 (0.3773%). The results showed that fraction 2-8 had strong insecticidal activity against S. litura larvae, with LC50 by topical application and dietary preparation were 0.49% and 0.0044%, respectively. A sublethal treatment with the active fraction (LC25) reduced the relative growth rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested food, and efficiency of conversion of digested food by 52.9%, 42.9%, 49.6% with topical application and 66.7%, 50%, 63.8% with dietary preparation method. The treatments with that fraction at LC10 and LC25 to the fourth instars reduced the activity of invertase enzyme by 34% and 47%, but increased the activity of trehalase by 6.2% and 12.5% as compared with controls.

This study was conducted to evaluate the potency of Brucea javanica (melur) for controlling two species of crucifer pests, i.e.Crocidolomia pavonanaand Plutella xylostella.Melur fruits, twigs, and leaves were extracted directly with methanol or sequentially with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The most active extract was then fractionated by preparative layer chromatography using hexane, mixtures of ethyl acetate and methanol, and methanol as eluents. The most active fraction was formulated as EC (emulsifiable concentrate) and WP (wettable powder) formulations, and tested for their toxicity and antifeedant effect against C. pavonana and P. xylostella larvae. The results showed that methanol extract of melur fruits was more active than that of twigs and leaves. Fractionation of methanol extract of melur fruits yielded an active fraction which was eluted with ethyl acetatemethanol 9:1. EC and WP formulations of melur fruits were active against C. pavonana larvae with LC50 of 0.39% and 0.21%, respectively. The same formulations were also active againstP. xylostella larvae with LC50 of 0.31% and 0.54%, respectively. In no-choice tests, the antifeedant effect of the EC formulation on C. pavonanalarvae (feeding inhibition [FI]: 70.9%-97.5%) was higher than onP. xylostellalarvae (FI: 52.2%-83.9%), but the antifeedant effect of the WP formulation on the two species was relatively the same. In a choice test, the EC formulation at LC85 completely inhibited feeding byC. pavonana larvae (FI: 100%).

Insecticidal Potency of Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) againts Cabbage Pest Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). The research was conducted at Laboratory of Insect Physiology and Toxicology of Plant Protection Department of Bogor Agricultural University from May to July 2008. Leaves, twigs, barks, and roots of Eurycoma longifolia (Pasak bumi) were extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvens. The extraction was used single method and level method. Insecticidal activity of each extract has been examined in laboratory to major cabbage pests Crocidolomia pavonana using leaf residual method. Methanol root extract from single method and level method caused 100 and 75.5% mortality of insect test respectively. Hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of leaves, twigs, and barks have low insecticidal activity. The antifeedant effect worked at insect test and varied depends on concentration level. Antifeedant effect also contributed to mortality of larvae along with toxicity of each extract.

This study was conducted to evaluate the potency of Brucea javanica (melur) for controlling two species ofcrucifer pests, i.e. Crocidolomia pavonana and Plutella xylostella. Melur fruits, twigs, and leaves were extracteddirectly with methanol or sequentially with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The most active extract was thenfractionated by preparative layer chromatography using hexane, mixtures of ethyl acetate and methanol, andmethanol as eluents. The most active fraction was formulated as EC (emulsifiable concentrate) and WP (wettablepowder) formulations, and tested for their toxicity and antifeedant effect against C. pavonana and P. xylostellalarvae. The results showed that methanol extract of melur fruits was more active than that of twigs and leaves.Fractionation of methanol extract of melur fruits yielded an active fraction which was eluted with ethyl acetate-methanol 9:1. EC and WP formulations of melur fruits were active against C. pavonana larvae with LC50 of 0.39%and 0.21%, respectively. The same formulations were also active against P. xylostella larvae with LC50 of 0.31% and0.54%, respectively. In no-choice tests, the antifeedant effect of the EC formulation on C. pavonana larvae (feedinginhibition [FI]: 70.9%-97.5%) was higher than on P. xylostella larvae (FI: 52.2%-83.9%), but the antifeedant effect ofthe WP formulation on the two species was relatively the same. In a choice test, the EC formulation at LC 85completely inhibited feeding by C. pavonana larvae (FI: 100%).

This study was carried out to determine the persistency and safety of emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and wettable powder (WP) formulations of Tephrosia vogelii and Piper aduncum (1:5) against natural enemies and broccoli leaves (phytotoxic effects) as well as to assess their effectiveness against Crocidolomia pavonana in field. EC and WP formulations were safe to parasitoid Eriborus argenteopilosus and did not cause any phytotoxic effects on broccoli leaves. Persistency of EC and WP formulations were lower than bio-insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) and sythetic pesticide with active ingredient deltametrin. The mortality of C. pavonana treated with EC and WP formulations reached 100%, while BT and deltametrin only reached 73.33% and 88.33% respectively, at the first day treatment. The effectiveness of extracts were declined sharply at one day after treatment indicating low persistence of formulation. In field, EC and WP formulations suppressed the population of C. pavonana more than 80% compared to control. Both formulations showed better activity compared to synthetic insecticide deltametrin.