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En inspirationsbok med verktyg för att främja återhämtning under arbetsdagen – både för individ och verksamhet.

The purpose of this thesis was to deepen the understanding of recovery during the workday and its importance for employee health. Workplace intervention as a tool to promote employees’ experience of recovery was also evauated.The studies were carried out in a primary health care setting in one health care district in Sweden between 2013 and 2019, together with the employees working at the 26 participating centres. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied during the process. Two separate questionnaires were used and analysed with multivariate linear or logistic regression analyses. Also, focus group interviews were conducted for two different data collections, bothanalysed inspired by systematic text condensation.The findings indicate that experiencing recovery is the most significant predictor of self-rated health. The results also identified three factors of importance for perceived recovery during the workday: variation, companionship, andmanageability. Since these factors appeared to be prerequisites for recovery, they became the basis for planning and implementing a workplace intervention with various recovery activities addressed to primary health care employees.Consideration was also given to each workplace’s own abilities, needs, and wishes. An evaluation after intervention ending showed a significant increase in experienced recovery during the workday among the participating employees,which was mainly explained by the possibility for reflection. When exploring the intervention process further, four promoting factors for the successful outcome emerged: support, legitimacy, customization, and simplicity. Also, three areas were positively affected by the intervention. These upward spirals were work climate, employee well-being, and recovery awareness.The results of this thesis contribute to work recovery research by establishing that recovery is essential for self-rated health, and that interventions can be used to enhance employees’ experience of recovery during the workday. Otherimportant areas, like work climate and employee well-being, can also be positively affected. For intervention success, special consideration should be given to strengthening workplace relationships, with key factors such ascompanionship, reflection, and support.

PHC employees had high self-rated health in Sweden and Lithuania. Positive work experience was related to high self-rated health. In Sweden, recovery had the highest relationship to SHIS and in Lithuania - self-esteem and optimism.

Bakgrund: En fungerande primärvård är viktig för invånarnas hälsa. Hälso- och sjukvården i Sverige är under stor press och sjukvårdspersonalens välbefinnande är ett omdiskuterat ämne. Många studier i primärvården lyfter fram stress och ohälsa bland personalen, medan s.k. salutogena studier, dvs. sådana som lyfter fram resurser och möjligheter, i princip saknas. Det övergripande syftet med denna studie var att belysa goda arbetsförhållanden i primärvården ur ett salutogent perspektiv. Metod: En enkätstudie genomfördes vid samtliga 26 vårdcentraler, 18 offentliga och åtta privata, i sex kommuner i nordöstra Skåne. Enkäten riktade sig till alla anställda inom primärvården (n = 599). Frågorna omfattade olika dimensioner av arbetsförhållanden och hälsa. Som bas användes två salutogent inriktade mätinstrument: SHIS (Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale), som mäter indikatorer på hälsa, och WEMS (Work Experience Measurement Scale), med frågor om upplevelsen av arbetet och arbetssituationen. Dessa frågor kompletterades med nyskapade frågor. Dels gjordes en inledande intervjustudie, som resulterade i frågor av särskild relevans för primärvården, dels inkluderades frågor inspirerade av befintliga frågeinstrument. Index bildades utifrån de olika områdena, vilka skapades genom att frågor med logiskt samband slogs samman. Samtliga index presenteras i den här rapporten. Resultat: Den totala svarsfrekvensen var 84 procent. Det fanns stora individuella variationer mellan de olika vårdcentralerna. Hälsotillståndet hos de anställda var i första hand associerat med återhämtning, följt av balans mellan arbete och privatliv samt individuella inre arbetsupplevelser, som t.ex. att kunna gå till jobbet med glädje och att uppleva arbetet som meningsfullt och utmanande. Egenskaper som präglar arbetsplatsen hade det tydligaste förhållandet till upplevelsen av energi på arbetet, och det mest signifikanta sambandet med feed-back var att ha en tillgänglig chef. Det fanns en positiv trend för den yngre åldersgruppen (, Arbetet har delfinansierats av Region Skåne och Distriktsläkarföreningens Samfond.

För att bibehålla en god hälsa under hela livet är fysisk aktivitet av stor betydelse. Tidigarestudier har visat att den fysiska aktivitetsnivån är låg bland unga kvinnor med annan kulturellbakgrund än svensk, men orsakerna är emellertid relativt okända. Syftet med studien var attbelysa förutsättningar för unga kvinnor med annan kulturell bakgrund än svensk att utövafysisk aktivitet i skolan och på fritiden, samt att söka förklaringar till upplevda möjligheteroch hinder som kan ligga till grund för fortsatt hälsofrämjande arbete riktat till målgruppen.Metoden för datainsamlingen var en intervjustudie med åtta unga kvinnor som alla hade enannan kulturell bakgrund än svensk, där en fokusgruppintervju och fyra individuellaintervjuer genomfördes. Resultatet, genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys, visade till största del dehinder för utövande av fysisk aktivitet som de unga kvinnorna upplevde. De hinder sombelystes var bland annat kulturella faktorer, utanförskap, informationsbrist och ointresse förfysisk aktivitet, vilka främst var kopplade till skolans lektioner i Idrott och Hälsa men även tillfysisk aktivitet på fritiden. Det uttrycktes likaså en del möjligheter för att kunna utöva fysiskaktivitet. Kompisars deltagande i aktiviteterna var här i fokus för att skapa den motivationsom krävs för att vara fysiskt aktiv. Utifrån studiens folkhälsovetenskapliga relevans drogsslutsatsen att det krävs förståelse för de unga kvinnornas bakgrund, såväl som kunskap omfysisk aktivitet, för att bryta den negativa trend kring inaktivitet som finns., In order to maintain good health throughout life, physical activity is of great importance.Previous studies have shown that physical activity is low among young women in Swedenwho have a different cultural background than Swedish, but the causes are relativelyunknown. The purpose of this study was to illuminate the prerequisites of young women witha different cultural background than Swedish to practice physical activity at school and atleisure time, and to seek explanations for perceived opportunities and barriers that may formthe basis for continued efforts for health promotion directed to the target group. The methodof data collection was an interview study with eight young women who all had a differentcultural background than Swedish, where one focus group interview and four individualinterviews were conducted. The result, based on a qualitative content analysis, mainly showedthe barriers of physical activity that the young women experienced. The barriers that wereilluminated were cultural factors, alienation, lack of information and lack of interest inphysical activity, which were primarily associated with the school’s Sport classes, but alsowith physical activity in their leisure time. The young women also expressed someopportunities for the pursuit of physical activity, where friends' participation in the activitieswas the focal point for the creation of motivation to be physically active. Based on thescientific study of public health relevance, the conclusion was that an understanding of theyoung women's backgrounds is required, as well as knowledge about physical activity, inorder to break the negative trend that exists around their inactivity.

Background An action research project was initiated in order to explore young teenage girls’ opinions of leisure time and activities and initiate health promoting activity groups for girls age 13-16 in two municipalities in the south of Swed Study design The project started with a focus group study that explored girls’ opinions about leisure time and activities. Sample size and composition A total of fifteen semi structured focusgroup interviews were conducted in February-April 2011. A total of 110 girls, age 13-16, were participating in the study. A combination of a purpose fold selection strategy and randomisation was used for facilitating transferability of the results. Analysis The results were analysed through a tape based qualitative content analysis that focused on the manifest content of the interviews. Results The findings showed that the girls wanted their leisure time to be characterised by a variety of different activities. Activities were often related to a combination of the social, physical and psychological dimension of health. The psychological dimension was associated with activity related positive experiences and emotions.Conclusions Health promoting activity groups needs to be implemented with support from all the three dimensions of health and characterised by a variety of different activities.