Author: "Eisenstein, Robert A." - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Eisenstein, Robert A."' showing total 169 results

Start Over Author "Eisenstein, Robert A."

169 results on '"Eisenstein, Robert A."'

1. Cosmic Explorer: A Submission to the NSF MPSAC ngGW Subcommittee

Author: Evans, Matthew, Corsi, Alessandra, Afle, Chaitanya, Ananyeva, Alena, Arun, K. G., Ballmer, Stefan, Bandopadhyay, Ananya, Barsotti, Lisa, Baryakhtar, Masha, Berger, Edo, Berti, Emanuele, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Borhanian, Ssohrab, Broekgaarden, Floor, Brown, Duncan A., Cahillane, Craig, Campbell, Lorna, Chen, Hsin-Yu, Daniel, Kathryne J., Dhani, Arnab, Driggers, Jennifer C., Effler, Anamaria, Eisenstein, Robert, Fairhurst, Stephen, Feicht, Jon, Fritschel, Peter, Fulda, Paul, Gupta, Ish, Hall, Evan D., Hammond, Giles, Hannuksela, Otto A., Hansen, Hannah, Haster, Carl-Johan, Kacanja, Keisi, Kamai, Brittany, Kashyap, Rahul, Key, Joey Shapiro, Khadkikar, Sanika, Kontos, Antonios, Kuns, Kevin, Landry, Michael, Landry, Philippe, Lantz, Brian, Li, Tjonnie G. F., Lovelace, Geoffrey, Mandic, Vuk, Mansell, Georgia L., Martynov, Denys, McCuller, Lee, Miller, Andrew L., Nitz, Alexander Harvey, Owen, Benjamin J., Palomba, Cristiano, Read, Jocelyn, Phurailatpam, Hemantakumar, Reddy, Sanjay, Richardson, Jonathan, Rollins, Jameson, Romano, Joseph D., Sathyaprakash, Bangalore S., Schofield, Robert, Shoemaker, David H., Sigg, Daniel, Singh, Divya, Slagmolen, Bram, Sledge, Piper, Smith, Joshua, Soares-Santos, Marcelle, Strunk, Amber, Sun, Ling, Tanner, David, van Son, Lieke A. C., Vitale, Salvatore, Willke, Benno, Yamamoto, Hiro, and Zucker, Michael
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Gravitational-wave astronomy has revolutionized humanity's view of the universe, a revolution driven by observations that no other field can make. This white paper describes an observatory that builds on decades of investment by the National Science Foundation and that will drive discovery for decades to come: Cosmic Explorer. Major discoveries in astronomy are driven by three related improvements: better sensitivity, higher precision, and opening new observational windows. Cosmic Explorer promises all three and will deliver an order-of-magnitude greater sensitivity than LIGO. Cosmic Explorer will push the gravitational-wave frontier to almost the edge of the observable universe using technologies that have been proven by LIGO during its development. With the unprecedented sensitivity that only a new facility can deliver, Cosmic Explorer will make discoveries that cannot yet be anticipated, especially since gravitational waves are both synergistic with electromagnetic observations and can reach into regions of the universe that electromagnetic observations cannot explore. With Cosmic Explorer, scientists can use the universe as a laboratory to test the laws of physics and study the nature of matter. Cosmic Explorer allows the United States to continue its leading role in gravitational-wave science and the international network of next-generation observatories. With its extraordinary discovery potential, Cosmic Explorer will deliver revolutionary observations across astronomy, physics, and cosmology including: Black Holes and Neutron Stars Throughout Cosmic Time, Multi-Messenger Astrophysics and Dynamics of Dense Matter, New Probes of Extreme Astrophysics, Fundamental Physics and Precision Cosmology, Dark Matter and the Early Universe.
Published: 2023

2. More Accessible COVID-19 Treatment Through Monoclonal Antibody Infusion in the Emergency Department

Author: Heinert, Sara W., McCoy, Jonathan, Ohman Strickland, Pamela, Riggs, Renee, and Eisenstein, Robert
Subjects: covid-19, emergency department, access to care, monoclonal antibody infusion, underserved populations
Abstract: Introduction: Monoclonal antibody (MAB) infusion is the first treatment to manage coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in an outpatient setting. Yet increased risk of severe COVID-19 illness may occur from inequities in social determinants of health including access to quality healthcare. Given the safety-net nature of emergency departments (ED), a model that puts them at the center of MAB infusion may better reach underserved patients than models that require physician referral and distribute MAB at outpatient infusion centers. We examined characteristics of two groups of patients who received MAB infusion in the Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital (RWJUH) ED in New Brunswick, New Jersey: 1) patients who tested positive for COVID-19 in the ED and received ED infusion; and 2) patients who tested positive elsewhere and were referred to the ED for infusion. The process for the latter group was similar to the more common national model of patients testing COVID-19 positive in the community and then being referred to an infusion center for MAB therapy. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional retrospective health record review of all adult patients presenting to the ED from November 20, 2020–March 15, 2021 who received MAB infusion at RWJUH ED (N = 486). Patients were identified through the electronic health record system by an administrative query, with manual chart review for any additional characteristics not available through the query. We compared the two groups using chi-squared tests for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables. Results: We found higher proportions of Black (18% vs 6% P < 0.001, statistically significant), Hispanic (19% vs 11% P = 0.02), Medicaid (12% vs 9% P = 0.01), and uninsured (17% vs 8% P = 0.01) patients who tested positive for COVID-19 in their ED visit and then received MAB therapy during their visit than patients tested elsewhere in the community and referred to the ED for MAB therapy. Conclusion: These findings suggest that providing MAB infusion in the ED allows increased access for patients traditionally marginalized from the healthcare system, who may be at risk of longer disease duration and complications from COVID-19.
Published: 2022

3. A Horizon Study for Cosmic Explorer: Science, Observatories, and Community

Author: Evans, Matthew, Adhikari, Rana X, Afle, Chaitanya, Ballmer, Stefan W., Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Borhanian, Ssohrab, Brown, Duncan A., Chen, Yanbei, Eisenstein, Robert, Gruson, Alexandra, Gupta, Anuradha, Hall, Evan D., Huxford, Rachael, Kamai, Brittany, Kashyap, Rahul, Kissel, Jeff S., Kuns, Kevin, Landry, Philippe, Lenon, Amber, Lovelace, Geoffrey, McCuller, Lee, Ng, Ken K. Y., Nitz, Alexander H., Read, Jocelyn, Sathyaprakash, B. S., Shoemaker, David H., Slagmolen, Bram J. J., Smith, Joshua R., Srivastava, Varun, Sun, Ling, Vitale, Salvatore, and Weiss, Rainer
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: This Horizon Study describes a next-generation ground-based gravitational-wave observatory: Cosmic Explorer. With ten times the sensitivity of Advanced LIGO, Cosmic Explorer will push gravitational-wave astronomy towards the edge of the observable universe ($z \sim 100$). The goals of this Horizon Study are to describe and evaluate design concepts for Cosmic Explorer; to plan for the United States' leadership in gravitational-wave astronomy; and to envisage the role of Cosmic Explorer in the international effort to build a "Third-Generation" (3G) observatory network that will make discoveries transformative across astronomy, physics, and cosmology., Comment: 173 pages
Published: 2021

4. Cosmic Explorer: The U.S. Contribution to Gravitational-Wave Astronomy beyond LIGO

Author: Reitze, David, Adhikari, Rana X, Ballmer, Stefan, Barish, Barry, Barsotti, Lisa, Billingsley, GariLynn, Brown, Duncan A., Chen, Yanbei, Coyne, Dennis, Eisenstein, Robert, Evans, Matthew, Fritschel, Peter, Hall, Evan D., Lazzarini, Albert, Lovelace, Geoffrey, Read, Jocelyn, Sathyaprakash, B. S., Shoemaker, David, Smith, Joshua, Torrie, Calum, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Wipf, Christopher, and Zucker, Michael
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: This white paper describes the research and development needed over the next decade to realize "Cosmic Explorer," the U.S. node of a future third-generation detector network that will be capable of observing and characterizing compact gravitational-wave sources to cosmological redshifts., Comment: Astro2020 Decadal Survey ground-based technology development white paper
Published: 2019

5. The US Program in Ground-Based Gravitational Wave Science: Contribution from the LIGO Laboratory

Author: Reitze, David, Abbott, Rich, Adams, Carl, Adhikari, Rana, Aggarwal, Nancy, Anand, Shreya, Ananyeva, Alena, Anderson, Stuart, Appert, Stephen, Arai, Koji, Araya, Melody, Aston, Stuart, Barayoga, Juan, Barish, Barry, Barker, David, Barsotti, Lisa, Bartlett, Jeffrey, Betzwieser, Joseph, Billingsley, GariLynn, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Blackburn, Kent, Blair, Carl, Blair, Ryan, Bockelman, Brian, Bork, Rolf, Bramley, Alyssa, Brooks, Aidan, Brunett, Sharon, Buikema, Aaron, Cahillane, Craig, Callister, Thomas, Carruthers, Tom, Clara, Filiberto, Corban, Paul, Coughlin, Michael, Couvares, Peter, Cowart, Matthew, Coyne, Dennis, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Fred, Driggers, Jenne, Dwyer, Sheila, Effler, Anamaria, Eisenstein, Robert, Etzel, Todd, Evans, Matthew, Evans, Tom, Feicht, Jon, Fernandez-Galiana, Alvaro, Fritschel, Peter, Frolov, Valery, Fyffe, Michael, Gateley, Bubba, Giaime, Joe, Giardina, Dwayne, Goetz, Evan, Gossan, Sarah, Gras, Slawomir, Grassia, Philippe, Gray, Corey, Gupta, Anchal, Gustafson, Eric, Guthman, Les, Hall, Evan, Hanks, Jonathan, Hanson, Joe, Hasskew, Raine, Haster, Carl-Johan, Heintze, Matthew, Hernandez, Edgar, Holt, Kathy, Huang, Yiwen, Huynh-Dinh, Tien, Isi, Max, Jones, Jeff, Kamai, Brittany, Kanner, Jonah, Kasprzack, Marie, Katsavounidis, Erik, Katzman, William, Kawabe, Keita, King, Peter, Kissel, Jeffrey, Kondrashov, Veronica, Korth, William, Kozak, Dan, Kumar, Rahul, Landry, Michael, Lane, Benjamin, Lanza, Robert, Laxen, Michael, Lazzarini, Albert, Lecoeuche, Yannick, Libbrecht, Ken, Lo, Ka-Lok, London, Lionel, Lormand, Marc, MacInnis, Myron, Mansell, Georgia, Markowitz, Aaron, Maros, Ed, Marx, Jay, Mason, Ken, Massinger, Thomas, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCarthy, Richard, McCormick, Scott, McCuller, Lee, McIver, Jessica, Mendell, Gregory, Merilh, Edmond, Meshkov, Syd, Mittleman, Richard, Moraru, Dan, Moreno, Gerardo, Mullavey, Adam, Nelson, Timothy, Ng, Kwan-Yeung, Noh, Minkyun, O'Reilly, Brian, Oberling, Jason, Oram, Richard, Osthelder, Charles, Overmier, Harry, Parker, William, Pedraza, Mike, Pele, Arnaud, Perez, Carlos, Petterson, Danielle, Pirello, Marc, Raab, Fred, Radkins, Hugh, Mohapatra, Satyanarayan Ray Pitambar, Richardson, Jonathan, Robertson, Norna, Rollins, Jameson, Romel, Chandra, Romie, Janeen, Ryan, Kyle, Sadecki, Travis, Sanchez, Eduardo, Sanchez, Luis, Savage, Richard, Schaetzl, Dean, Sellers, Danny, Shaffer, Thomas, Shoemaker, David, Sigg, Daniel, Strunk, Amber, Sudhir, Vivishek, Sun, Ling, Tao, Duo, Taylor, Robert, Thomas, Michael, Thomas, Patrick, Thorne, Keith, Torrie, Calum, Traylor, Gary, Trudeau, Randy, Tse, Maggie, Vajente, Gabriele, Vass, Steve, Venugopalan, Gautam, Vitale, Salvatore, Vorvick, Cheryl, Wade, Andrew, Wallace, Larry, Warner, Jim, Weaver, Betsy, Weinstein, Alan, Weiss, Rainer, Whitcomb, Stan, Whittle, Chris, Willis, Joshua, Wipf, Christopher, Xiao, Sophia, Yamamoto, Hiro, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zhang, Liyuan, Zucker, Michael, and Zweizig, John
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: Recent gravitational-wave observations from the LIGO and Virgo observatories have brought a sense of great excitement to scientists and citizens the world over. Since September 2015,10 binary black hole coalescences and one binary neutron star coalescence have been observed. They have provided remarkable, revolutionary insight into the "gravitational Universe" and have greatly extended the field of multi-messenger astronomy. At present, Advanced LIGO can see binary black hole coalescences out to redshift 0.6 and binary neutron star coalescences to redshift 0.05. This probes only a very small fraction of the volume of the observable Universe. However, current technologies can be extended to construct "$3^\mathrm{rd}$ Generation" (3G) gravitational-wave observatories that would extend our reach to the very edge of the observable Universe. The event rates over such a large volume would be in the hundreds of thousands per year (i.e.tens per hour). Such 3G detectors would have a 10-fold improvement in strain sensitivity over the current generation of instruments, yielding signal-to-noise ratios of 1000 for events like those already seen. Several concepts are being studied for which engineering studies and reliable cost estimates will be developed in the next 5 years., Comment: For the 2020 Astro decadal
Published: 2019

6. Staging Restoration Shakespeare with Restoration Music

Author: Eisenstein, Robert, primary
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Numerical Relativity and the Discovery of Gravitational Waves

Author: Eisenstein, Robert A.
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: Solving Einstein's equations precisely for strong-field gravitational systems is essential to determining the full physics content of gravitational wave detections. Without these solutions it is not possible to infer precise values for initial and final-state system parameters. Obtaining these solutions requires extensive numerical simulations, as Einstein's equations governing these systems are much too difficult to solve analytically. These difficulties arise principally from the curved, non-linear nature of spacetime in general relativity. Developing the numerical capabilities needed to produce reliable, efficient calculations has required a Herculean 50-year effort involving hundreds of researchers using sophisticated physical insight, algorithm development, computational technique and computers that are a billion times more capable than they were in 1964 when computations were first attempted. My purpose is to give an accessible overview for non-experts of the major developments that have made such dramatic progress possible., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Facial Fracture Induced Periorbital Emphysema

Author: Ehsani-Nia, Hamid and Eisenstein, Robert
Published: 2018

9. Reduced Hospital Duration of Stay Associated with Revised Emergency Department–Intensive Care Unit Admission Policy: A before and after Study

Author: McCoy, Jonathan V., Gale, Alexa R., Sunderram, Jag, Ohman-Strickland, Pamela A., and Eisenstein, Robert M.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Early Pregnancy Loss and Bereavement in the Emergency Department: Staff and Patient Satisfaction With an Early Fetal Bereavement Program

Author: Zavotsky, Kathleen Evanovich, Mahoney, Kathy, Keeler, Donna, and Eisenstein, Robert
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. From Microscope to Kaleidoscope: Merging Fields of Vision

Author: Colwell, Rita, Eisenstein, Robert, Klein, Julie Thompson, editor, Häberli, Rudolf, editor, Scholz, Roland W., editor, Grossenbacher-Mansuy, Walter, editor, Bill, Alain, editor, and Welti, Myrtha, editor
Published: 2001
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Gravitational-wave Constraints on the Equatorial Ellipticity of Millisecond Pulsars

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gopakumar, A., Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Knyazev, E., Komori, Kentaro, Kuns, K., Lane, B. B., Lang, Ryan N., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Nguyen, T., Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Unikrishnan, C. S., Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gopakumar, A., Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Knyazev, E., Komori, Kentaro, Kuns, K., Lane, B. B., Lang, Ryan N., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Nguyen, T., Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Unikrishnan, C. S., Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: We present a search for continuous gravitational waves from five radio pulsars, comprising three recycled pulsars (PSR J0437-4715, PSR J0711-6830, and PSR J0737-3039A) and two young pulsars: the Crab pulsar (J0534+2200) and the Vela pulsar (J0835-4510). We use data from the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo combined with data from their first and second observing runs. For the first time, we are able to match (for PSR J0437-4715) or surpass (for PSR J0711-6830) the indirect limits on gravitational-wave emission from recycled pulsars inferred from their observed spin-downs, and constrain their equatorial ellipticities to be less than 10-8. For each of the five pulsars, we perform targeted searches that assume a tight coupling between the gravitational-wave and electromagnetic signal phase evolution. We also present constraints on PSR J0711-6830, the Crab pulsar, and the Vela pulsar from a search that relaxes this assumption, allowing the gravitational-wave signal to vary from the electromagnetic expectation within a narrow band of frequencies and frequency derivatives.
Published: 2022

13. All-sky search for continuous gravitational waves from isolated neutron stars using Advanced LIGO O2 data

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: © 2019 American Physical Society. We present results of an all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves (CWs), which can be produced by fast spinning neutron stars with an asymmetry around their rotation axis, using data from the second observing run of the Advanced LIGO detectors. Three different semicoherent methods are used to search in a gravitational-wave frequency band from 20 to 1922 Hz and a first frequency derivative from -1×10-8 to 2×10-9 Hz/s. None of these searches has found clear evidence for a CW signal, so upper limits on the gravitational-wave strain amplitude are calculated, which for this broad range in parameter space are the most sensitive ever achieved.
Published: 2022

14. GW190425: Observation of a Compact Binary Coalescence with Total Mass ∼ 3.4 M ⊙

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T., Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T., Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: © 2020. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.. On 2019 April 25, the LIGO Livingston detector observed a compact binary coalescence with signal-to-noise ratio 12.9. The Virgo detector was also taking data that did not contribute to detection due to a low signal-to-noise ratio, but were used for subsequent parameter estimation. The 90% credible intervals for the component masses range from to if we restrict the dimensionless component spin magnitudes to be smaller than 0.05). These mass parameters are consistent with the individual binary components being neutron stars. However, both the source-frame chirp mass and the total mass of this system are significantly larger than those of any other known binary neutron star (BNS) system. The possibility that one or both binary components of the system are black holes cannot be ruled out from gravitational-wave data. We discuss possible origins of the system based on its inconsistency with the known Galactic BNS population. Under the assumption that the signal was produced by a BNS coalescence, the local rate of neutron star mergers is updated to 250-2810.
Published: 2022

15. Search for Multimessenger Sources of Gravitational Waves and High-energy Neutrinos with Advanced LIGO during Its First Observing Run, ANTARES, and IceCube

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, ANTARES Collaboration, IceCube Collaboration, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Arguelles Delgado, Carlos A, Axani, Spencer Nicholas, Collin, G. H., Conrad, Janet Marie, Moulai, Marjon H., Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, ANTARES Collaboration, IceCube Collaboration, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Arguelles Delgado, Carlos A, Axani, Spencer Nicholas, Collin, G. H., Conrad, Janet Marie, Moulai, Marjon H., Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: © 2019. The American Astronomical Society.. Astrophysical sources of gravitational waves, such as binary neutron star and black hole mergers or core-collapse supernovae, can drive relativistic outflows, giving rise to non-thermal high-energy emission. High-energy neutrinos are signatures of such outflows. The detection of gravitational waves and high-energy neutrinos from common sources could help establish the connection between the dynamics of the progenitor and the properties of the outflow. We searched for associated emission of gravitational waves and high-energy neutrinos from astrophysical transients with minimal assumptions using data from Advanced LIGO from its first observing run O1, and data from the Antares and IceCube neutrino observatories from the same time period. We focused on candidate events whose astrophysical origins could not be determined from a single messenger. We found no significant coincident candidate, which we used to constrain the rate density of astrophysical sources dependent on their gravitational-wave and neutrino emission processes.
Published: 2022

16. Search for Gravitational-wave Signals Associated with Gamma-Ray Bursts during the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, IPN Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T., Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, IPN Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T., Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: © 2019. The American Astronomical Society.. We present the results of targeted searches for gravitational-wave transients associated with gamma-ray bursts during the second observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, which took place from 2016 November to 2017 August. We have analyzed 98 gamma-ray bursts using an unmodeled search method that searches for generic transient gravitational waves and 42 with a modeled search method that targets compact-binary mergers as progenitors of short gamma-ray bursts. Both methods clearly detect the previously reported binary merger signal GW170817, with p-values of <9.38 10-6 (modeled) and 3.1 10-4 (unmodeled). We do not find any significant evidence for gravitational-wave signals associated with the other gamma-ray bursts analyzed, and therefore we report lower bounds on the distance to each of these, assuming various source types and signal morphologies. Using our final modeled search results, short gamma-ray burst observations, and assuming binary neutron star progenitors, we place bounds on the rate of short gamma-ray bursts as a function of redshift for z ≤ 1. We estimate 0.07-1.80 joint detections with Fermi-GBM per year for the 2019-20 LIGO-Virgo observing run and 0.15-3.90 per year when current gravitational-wave detectors are operating at their design sensitivities.
Published: 2022

17. Narrow-band search for gravitational waves from known pulsars using the second LIGO observing run

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: © 2019 us. American Physical Society. American Physical Society. Isolated spinning neutron stars, asymmetric with respect to their rotation axis, are expected to be sources of continuous gravitational waves. The most sensitive searches for these sources are based on accurate matched filtering techniques that assume the continuous wave to be phase locked with the pulsar beamed emission. While matched filtering maximizes the search sensitivity, a significant signal-to-noise ratio loss will happen in the case of a mismatch between the assumed and the true signal phase evolution. Narrow-band algorithms allow for a small mismatch in the frequency and spin-down values of the pulsar while coherently integrating the entire dataset. In this paper, we describe a narrow-band search using LIGO O2 data for the continuous wave emission of 33 pulsars. No evidence of a continuous wave signal is found, and upper limits on the gravitational wave amplitude over the analyzed frequency and spin-down ranges are computed for each of the targets. In this search, we surpass the spin-down limit, namely, the maximum rotational energy loss due to gravitational waves emission for some of the pulsars already present in the LIGO O1 narrow-band search, such as J1400-6325, J1813-1246, J1833-1034, J1952+3252, and for new targets such as J0940-5428 and J1747-2809. For J1400-6325, J1833-1034, and J1747-2809, this is the first time the spin-down limit is surpassed.
Published: 2022

18. Search for Gravitational Waves from a Long-lived Remnant of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Martynov, D. V., Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Miller, John, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yam, William, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Martynov, D. V., Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Miller, John, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yam, William, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: © 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. One unanswered question about the binary neutron star coalescence GW170817 is the nature of its post-merger remnant. A previous search for post-merger gravitational waves targeted high-frequency signals from a possible neutron star remnant with a maximum signal duration of 500 s. Here, we revisit the neutron star remnant scenario and focus on longer signal durations, up until the end of the second Advanced LIGO-Virgo observing run, which was 8.5 days after the coalescence of GW170817. The main physical scenario for this emission is the power-law spindown of a massive magnetar-like remnant. We use four independent search algorithms with varying degrees of restrictiveness on the signal waveform and different ways of dealing with noise artefacts. In agreement with theoretical estimates, we find no significant signal candidates. Through simulated signals, we quantify that with the current detector sensitivity, nowhere in the studied parameter space are we sensitive to a signal from more than 1 Mpc away, compared to the actual distance of 40 Mpc. However, this study serves as a prototype for post-merger analyses in future observing runs with expected higher sensitivity.
Published: 2022

19. A guide to LIGO–Virgo detector noise and extraction of transient gravitational-wave signals

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd. The LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration have cataloged eleven confidently detected gravitational-wave events during the first two observing runs of the advanced detector era. All eleven events were consistent with being from well-modeled mergers between compact stellar-mass objects: black holes or neutron stars. The data around the time of each of these events have been made publicly available through the gravitational-wave open science center. The entirety of the gravitational-wave strain data from the first and second observing runs have also now been made publicly available. There is considerable interest among the broad scientific community in understanding the data and methods used in the analyses. In this paper, we provide an overview of the detector noise properties and the data analysis techniques used to detect gravitational-wave signals and infer the source properties. We describe some of the checks that are performed to validate the analyses and results from the observations of gravitational-wave events. We also address concerns that have been raised about various properties of LIGO-Virgo detector noise and the correctness of our analyses as applied to the resulting data.
Published: 2022

20. Optically targeted search for gravitational waves emitted by core-collapse supernovae during the first and second observing runs of advanced LIGO and advanced Virgo

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, ASAS-SN Collaboration, DLT40 Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, ASAS-SN Collaboration, DLT40 Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: © 2020 American Physical Society. We present the results from a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernovae observed within a source distance of approximately 20 Mpc during the first and second observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. No significant gravitational-wave candidate was detected. We report the detection efficiencies as a function of the distance for waveforms derived from multidimensional numerical simulations and phenomenological extreme emission models. The sources with neutrino-driven explosions are detectable at the distances approaching 5 kpc, and for magnetorotationally driven explosions the distances are up to 54 kpc. However, waveforms for extreme emission models are detectable up to 28 Mpc. For the first time, the gravitational-wave data enabled us to exclude part of the parameter spaces of two extreme emission models with confidence up to 83%, limited by coincident data coverage. Besides, using ad hoc harmonic signals windowed with Gaussian envelopes, we constrained the gravitational-wave energy emitted during core collapse at the levels of 4.27×10-4 M·c2 and 1.28×10-1 M·c2 for emissions at 235 and 1304 Hz, respectively. These constraints are 2 orders of magnitude more stringent than previously derived in the corresponding analysis using initial LIGO, initial Virgo, and GEO 600 data.
Published: 2022

21. GW190412: Observation of a binary-black-hole coalescence with asymmetric masses

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fritschel, Peter K, Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Knyazev, E., Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Noh, M., Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fritschel, Peter K, Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Knyazev, E., Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Noh, M., Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: © 2020 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. We report the observation of gravitational waves from a binary-black-hole coalescence during the first two weeks of LIGO's and Virgo's third observing run. The signal was recorded on April 12, 2019 at 05â¶30â¶44 UTC with a network signal-to-noise ratio of 19. The binary is different from observations during the first two observing runs most notably due to its asymmetric masses: A ∼30 MâŠ™ black hole merged with a ∼8 MâŠ™ black hole companion. The more massive black hole rotated with a dimensionless spin magnitude between 0.22 and 0.60 (90% probability). Asymmetric systems are predicted to emit gravitational waves with stronger contributions from higher multipoles, and indeed we find strong evidence for gravitational radiation beyond the leading quadrupolar order in the observed signal. A suite of tests performed on GW190412 indicates consistency with Einstein's general theory of relativity. While the mass ratio of this system differs from all previous detections, we show that it is consistent with the population model of stellar binary black holes inferred from the first two observing runs.
Published: 2022

22. Low-latency Gravitational-wave Alerts for Multimessenger Astronomy during the Second Advanced LIGO and Virgo Observing Run

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew Hiram, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gopakumar, Achamveedu, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lane, B. B., Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mohapatra, S. R. P., Ng, K. Y., Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew Hiram, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gopakumar, Achamveedu, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lane, B. B., Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mohapatra, S. R. P., Ng, K. Y., Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: © 2019. The American Astronomical Society.. Advanced LIGO's second observing run (O2), conducted from 2016 November 30 to 2017 August 25, combined with Advanced Virgo's first observations in 2017 August, witnessed the birth of gravitational-wave multimessenger astronomy. The first ever gravitational-wave detection from the coalescence of two neutron stars, GW170817, and its gamma-ray counterpart, GRB 170817A, led to an electromagnetic follow-up of the event at an unprecedented scale. Several teams from across the world searched for EM/neutrino counterparts to GW170817, paving the way for the discovery of optical, X-ray, and radio counterparts. In this article, we describe the online identification of gravitational-wave transients and the distribution of gravitational-wave alerts by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations during O2. We also describe the gravitational-wave observables that were sent in the alerts to enable searches for their counterparts. Finally, we give an overview of the online candidate alerts shared with observing partners during O2. Alerts were issued for 14 candidates, 6 of which have been confirmed as gravitational-wave events associated with the merger of black holes or neutron stars. Of the 14 alerts, 8 were issued less than an hour after data acquisition.
Published: 2022

23. Search for Subsolar Mass Ultracompact Binaries in Advanced LIGO’s Second Observing Run

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Conrad, Janet Marie, Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T., Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Conrad, Janet Marie, Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T., Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: © 2019 American Physical Society. We present a search for subsolar mass ultracompact objects in data obtained during Advanced LIGO's second observing run. In contrast to a previous search of Advanced LIGO data from the first observing run, this search includes the effects of component spin on the gravitational waveform. We identify no viable gravitational-wave candidates consistent with subsolar mass ultracompact binaries with at least one component between 0.2 Ma-1.0 Ma. We use the null result to constrain the binary merger rate of (0.2 M, 0.2 M) binaries to be less than 3.7×105 Gpc-3 yr-1 and the binary merger rate of (1.0 M, 1.0 M) binaries to be less than 5.2×103 Gpc-3 yr-1. Subsolar mass ultracompact objects are not expected to form via known stellar evolution channels, though it has been suggested that primordial density fluctuations or particle dark matter with cooling mechanisms and/or nuclear interactions could form black holes with subsolar masses. Assuming a particular primordial black hole (PBH) formation model, we constrain a population of merging 0.2 M black holes to account for less than 16% of the dark matter density and a population of merging 1.0 M black holes to account for less than 2% of the dark matter density. We discuss how constraints on the merger rate and dark matter fraction may be extended to arbitrary black hole population models that predict subsolar mass binaries.
Published: 2022

24. All-sky search in early O3 LIGO data for continuous gravitational-wave signals from unknown neutron stars in binary systems

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, M., Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Jia, W., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Knyazev, E., Komori, Kentaro, Kuns, K., Lane, B. B., Lang, Ryan N., London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Marx, E. J., Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, K. Y., Nguyen, T., Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, M., Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Jia, W., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Knyazev, E., Komori, Kentaro, Kuns, K., Lane, B. B., Lang, Ryan N., London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Marx, E. J., Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, K. Y., Nguyen, T., Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: Rapidly spinning neutron stars are promising sources of persistent, continuous gravitational waves. Detecting such a signal would allow probing of the physical properties of matter under extreme conditions. A significant fraction of the known pulsar population belongs to binary systems. Searching for unknown neutron stars in binary systems requires specialized algorithms to address unknown orbital frequency modulations. We present a search for continuous gravitational waves emitted by neutron stars in binary systems in early data from the third observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors using the semicoherent, GPU-accelerated, BinarySkyHough pipeline. The search analyzes the most sensitive frequency band of the LIGO detectors, 50 - 300 Hz. Binary orbital parameters are split into four regions, comprising orbital periods of 3 - 45 days and projected semimajor axes of 2 - 40 light-seconds. No detections are reported. We estimate the sensitivity of the search using simulated continuous wave signals, achieving the most sensitive results to date across the analyzed parameter space.
Published: 2022

25. Searches for Continuous Gravitational Waves from 15 Supernova Remnants and Fomalhaut b with Advanced LIGO

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: © 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. We describe directed searches for continuous gravitational waves (GWs) from 16 well-localized candidate neutron stars, assuming none of the stars has a binary companion. The searches were directed toward 15 supernova remnants and Fomalhaut b, a directly imaged extrasolar planet candidate that has been suggested to be a nearby old neutron star. Each search covered a broad band of frequencies and first and second time derivatives. After coherently integrating spans of data from the first Advanced LIGO observing run of 3.5-53.7 days per search, applying data-based vetoes, and discounting known instrumental artifacts, we found no astrophysical signals. We set upper limits on intrinsic GW strain as strict as 1 ×10-25, fiducial neutron star ellipticity as strict as 2 ×10-9, and fiducial r-mode amplitude as strict as 3 ×10-8.
Published: 2022

26. Tests of General Relativity with GW170817

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Martynov, Denis, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Miller, J., Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yam, William, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Martynov, Denis, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Miller, J., Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yam, William, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: The recent discovery by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo of a gravitational wave signal from a binary neutron star inspiral has enabled tests of general relativity (GR) with this new type of source. This source, for the first time, permits tests of strong-field dynamics of compact binaries in the presence of matter. In this Letter, we place constraints on the dipole radiation and possible deviations from GR in the post-Newtonian coefficients that govern the inspiral regime. Bounds on modified dispersion of gravitational waves are obtained; in combination with information from the observed electromagnetic counterpart we can also constrain effects due to large extra dimensions. Finally, the polarization content of the gravitational wave signal is studied. The results of all tests performed here show good agreement with GR.
Published: 2022

27. Search for Transient Gravitational-wave Signals Associated with Magnetar Bursts during Advanced LIGO’s Second Observing Run

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: © 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. We present the results of a search for short- and intermediate-duration gravitational-wave signals from four magnetar bursts in Advanced LIGO's second observing run. We find no evidence of a signal and set upper bounds on the root sum squared of the total dimensionless strain (h rss ) from incoming intermediate-duration gravitational waves ranging from 1.1 ×10 -22 at 150 Hz to 4.4 ×10 -22 at 1550 Hz at 50% detection efficiency. From the known distance to the magnetar SGR 1806-20 (8.7 kpc), we can place upper bounds on the isotropic gravitational-wave energy of 3.4 ×10 44 erg at 150 Hz assuming optimal orientation. This represents an improvement of about a factor of 10 in strain sensitivity from the previous search for such signals, conducted during initial LIGO's sixth science run. The short-duration search yielded upper limits of 2.1 ×10 44 erg for short white noise bursts, and 2.3 ×10 47 erg for 100 ms long ringdowns at 1500 Hz, both at 50% detection efficiency.
Published: 2022

28. All-sky search for continuous gravitational waves from isolated neutron stars in the early O3 LIGO data

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, KAGRA Collaboration, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fritschel, Peter K, Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y.-W., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Jia, W., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Knyazev, E., Komori, Kentaro, Kuns, K., Lane, B. B., Lang, Ryan N., London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Marx, E. J., Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Nguyen, T., Shinkai, H., Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, KAGRA Collaboration, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fritschel, Peter K, Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y.-W., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Jia, W., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Knyazev, E., Komori, Kentaro, Kuns, K., Lane, B. B., Lang, Ryan N., London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Marx, E. J., Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Nguyen, T., Shinkai, H., Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: We report on an all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves in the frequency band 20-2000\,Hz and with a frequency time derivative in the range of $[-1.0, +0.1]\times10^{-8}$\,Hz/s. Such a signal could be produced by a nearby, spinning and slightly non-axisymmetric isolated neutron star in our galaxy. This search uses the LIGO data from the first six months of Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's third observational run, O3. No periodic gravitational wave signals are observed, and 95\%\ confidence-level (CL) frequentist upper limits are placed on their strengths. The lowest upper limits on worst-case (linearly polarized) strain amplitude $h_0$ are $~1.7\times10^{-25}$ near 200\,Hz. For a circularly polarized source (most favorable orientation), the lowest upper limits are $\sim6.3\times10^{-26}$. These strict frequentist upper limits refer to all sky locations and the entire range of frequency derivative values. For a population-averaged ensemble of sky locations and stellar orientations, the lowest 95\%\ CL upper limits on the strain amplitude are $\sim1.\times10^{-25}$. These upper limits improve upon our previously published all-sky results, with the greatest improvement (factor of $\sim$2) seen at higher frequencies, in part because quantum squeezing has dramatically improved the detector noise level relative to the second observational run, O2. These limits are the most constraining to date over most of the parameter space searched.
Published: 2022

29. A Joint Fermi-GBM and LIGO/Virgo Analysis of Compact Binary Mergers from the First and Second Gravitational-wave Observing Runs

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fritschel, Peter K, Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Noh, Minkyun, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fritschel, Peter K, Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Noh, Minkyun, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved We present results from offline searches of Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) data for gamma-ray transients coincident with the compact binary coalescences observed by the gravitational-wave (GW) detectors Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo during their first and second observing runs. In particular, we perform follow-up for both confirmed events and low significance candidates reported in the LIGO/Virgo catalog GWTC-1. We search for temporal coincidences between these GW signals and GBM-triggered gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We also use the GBM Untargeted and Targeted subthreshold searches to find coincident gamma-rays below the onboard triggering threshold. This work implements a refined statistical approach by incorporating GW astrophysical source probabilities and GBM visibilities of LIGO/Virgo sky localizations to search for cumulative signatures of coincident subthreshold gamma-rays. All search methods recover the short gamma-ray burst GRB 170817A occurring ∼1.7 s after the binary neutron-star merger GW170817. We also present results from a new search seeking GBM counterparts to LIGO single-interferometer triggers. This search finds a candidate joint event, but given the nature of the GBM signal and localization, as well as the high joint false alarm rate of 1.1 10-6 Hz, we do not consider it an astrophysical association. We find no additional coincidences.
Published: 2022

30. GW190521: A Binary Black Hole Merger with a Total Mass of 150 M ⊙

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fritschel, Peter K, Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Knyazev, E., Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Noh, Minkyun, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fritschel, Peter K, Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Knyazev, E., Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Noh, Minkyun, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: © 2020 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. On May 21, 2019 at 03:02:29 UTC Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo observed a short duration gravitational-wave signal, GW190521, with a three-detector network signal-to-noise ratio of 14.7, and an estimated false-alarm rate of 1 in 4900 yr using a search sensitive to generic transients. If GW190521 is from a quasicircular binary inspiral, then the detected signal is consistent with the merger of two black holes with masses of 85-14+21 Mm and 66-18+17 Mm (90% credible intervals). We infer that the primary black hole mass lies within the gap produced by (pulsational) pair-instability supernova processes, with only a 0.32% probability of being below 65 Mm. We calculate the mass of the remnant to be 142-16+28 Mm, which can be considered an intermediate mass black hole (IMBH). The luminosity distance of the source is 5.3-2.6+2.4 Gpc, corresponding to a redshift of 0.82-0.34+0.28. The inferred rate of mergers similar to GW190521 is 0.13-0.11+0.30 Gpc-3 yr-1.
Published: 2022

31. Search for gravitational waves from Scorpius X-1 in the second Advanced LIGO observing run with an improved hidden Markov model

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Published: 2022

32. Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO–Virgo Observing Run

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, KAGRA Collaboration, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, M., Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y.-W., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Jia, W., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Knyazev, E., Komori, Kentaro, Kuns, K., Lane, B. B., Lang, Ryan N., London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Marx, E. J., Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, K. Y., Nguyen, T., Sekiguchi, Y., Shoemaker, David H, Stover, M., Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, KAGRA Collaboration, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, M., Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y.-W., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Jia, W., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Knyazev, E., Komori, Kentaro, Kuns, K., Lane, B. B., Lang, Ryan N., London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Marx, E. J., Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, K. Y., Nguyen, T., Sekiguchi, Y., Shoemaker, David H, Stover, M., Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 data set. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions.cA template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension, $G\mu$, as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models.cAdditionally, we develop and test a third model which interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on $G\mu$ by one to two orders of magnitude depending on the model which is tested. In particular, for one loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date, $G\mu\lesssim 4\times 10^{-15}$.
Published: 2022

33. All-sky search for short gravitational-wave bursts in the second Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo run

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T., Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T., Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: © 2019 American Physical Society. We present the results of a search for short-duration gravitational-wave transients in the data from the second observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. We search for gravitational-wave transients with a duration of milliseconds to approximately one second in the 32-4096 Hz frequency band with minimal assumptions about the signal properties, thus targeting a wide variety of sources. We also perform a matched-filter search for gravitational-wave transients from cosmic string cusps for which the waveform is well modeled. The unmodeled search detected gravitational waves from several binary black hole mergers which have been identified by previous analyses. No other significant events have been found by either the unmodeled search or the cosmic string search. We thus present the search sensitivities for a variety of signal waveforms and report upper limits on the source rate density as a function of the characteristic frequency of the signal. These upper limits are a factor of 3 lower than the first observing run, with a 50% detection probability for gravitational-wave emissions with energies of ∼10-9 Mc2 at 153 Hz. For the search dedicated to cosmic string cusps we consider several loop distribution models, and present updated constraints from the same search done in the first observing run.
Published: 2022

34. First Measurement of the Hubble Constant from a Dark Standard Siren using the Dark Energy Survey Galaxies and the LIGO/Virgo Binary–Black-hole Merger GW170814

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, The DES Collaboration, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, The DES Collaboration, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: © 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. We present a multi-messenger measurement of the Hubble constant H 0 using the binary-black-hole merger GW170814 as a standard siren, combined with a photometric redshift catalog from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). The luminosity distance is obtained from the gravitational wave signal detected by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo Collaboration (LVC) on 2017 August 14, and the redshift information is provided by the DES Year 3 data. Black hole mergers such as GW170814 are expected to lack bright electromagnetic emission to uniquely identify their host galaxies and build an object-by-object Hubble diagram. However, they are suitable for a statistical measurement, provided that a galaxy catalog of adequate depth and redshift completion is available. Here we present the first Hubble parameter measurement using a black hole merger. Our analysis results in , which is consistent with both SN Ia and cosmic microwave background measurements of the Hubble constant. The quoted 68% credible region comprises 60% of the uniform prior range [20, 140] km s-1 Mpc-1, and it depends on the assumed prior range. If we take a broader prior of [10, 220] km s-1 Mpc-1, we find (57% of the prior range). Although a weak constraint on the Hubble constant from a single event is expected using the dark siren method, a multifold increase in the LVC event rate is anticipated in the coming years and combinations of many sirens will lead to improved constraints on H 0.
Published: 2022

35. Search for continuous gravitational waves from 20 accreting millisecond x-ray pulsars in O3 LIGO data

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, KAGRA Collaboration, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Chen, H. Y., Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fritschel, Peter K, Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Jia, W., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Knyazev, E., Komori, Kentaro, Kuns, K., Lane, B. B., Lang, Ryan N., London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Marx, E. J., Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Nguyen, T., Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, KAGRA Collaboration, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Chen, H. Y., Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fritschel, Peter K, Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Jia, W., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Knyazev, E., Komori, Kentaro, Kuns, K., Lane, B. B., Lang, Ryan N., London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Marx, E. J., Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Nguyen, T., Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: Results are presented of searches for continuous gravitational waves from 20 accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars with accurately measured spin frequencies and orbital parameters, using data from the third observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The search algorithm uses a hidden Markov model, where the transition probabilities allow the frequency to wander according to an unbiased random walk, while the $\mathcal{J}$-statistic maximum-likelihood matched filter tracks the binary orbital phase. Three narrow sub-bands are searched for each target, centered on harmonics of the measured spin frequency. The search yields 16 candidates, consistent with a false alarm probability of 30% per sub-band and target searched. These candidates, along with one candidate from an additional target-of-opportunity search done for SAX J1808.4$-$3658, which was in outburst during one month of the observing run, cannot be confidently associated with a known noise source. Additional follow-up does not provide convincing evidence that any are a true astrophysical signal. When all candidates are assumed non-astrophysical, upper limits are set on the maximum wave strain detectable at 95% confidence, $h_0^{95\%}$. The strictest constraint is $h_0^{95\%} = 4.7\times 10^{-26}$ from IGR J17062$-$6143. Constraints on the detectable wave strain from each target lead to constraints on neutron star ellipticity and $r$-mode amplitude, the strictest of which are $\epsilon^{95\%} = 3.1\times 10^{-7}$ and $\alpha^{95\%} = 1.8\times 10^{-5}$ respectively. This analysis is the most comprehensive and sensitive search of continuous gravitational waves from accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars to date.
Published: 2022

36. All-sky search for long-duration gravitational-wave transients in the second Advanced LIGO observing run

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, De Pietri, R., Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T., Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mohapatra, S. R. P., Ng, K. Y., Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Robert F, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, De Pietri, R., Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T., Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mohapatra, S. R. P., Ng, K. Y., Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Robert F, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Published: 2022

37. Open data from the first and second observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fritschel, Peter K, Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, Evan D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Yiwen, Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Noh, Minkyun, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fritschel, Peter K, Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, Evan D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Yiwen, Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Noh, Minkyun, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: © 2021 Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo are monitoring the sky and collecting gravitational-wave strain data with sufficient sensitivity to detect signals routinely. In this paper we describe the data recorded by these instruments during their first and second observing runs. The main data products are gravitational-wave strain time series sampled at 16384 Hz. The datasets that include this strain measurement can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at http://gw-openscience.org, together with data-quality information essential for the analysis of LIGO and Virgo data, documentation, tutorials, and supporting software.
Published: 2022

38. Search for anisotropic gravitational-wave backgrounds using data from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo’s first three observing runs

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, KAGRA Collaboration, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, M., Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fritschel, Peter K, Fujii, Y., Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y.-W., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Jia, W., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Knyazev, E., Komori, Kentaro, Kuns, K., Lane, B. B., Lang, Ryan N., London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Marx, E. J., Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, K. Y., Nguyen, T., Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, KAGRA Collaboration, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, M., Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fritschel, Peter K, Fujii, Y., Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y.-W., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Jia, W., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Knyazev, E., Komori, Kentaro, Kuns, K., Lane, B. B., Lang, Ryan N., London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Marx, E. J., Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, K. Y., Nguyen, T., Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: We report results from searches for anisotropic stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds using data from the first three observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. For the first time, we include Virgo data in our analysis and run our search with a new efficient pipeline called {\tt PyStoch} on data folded over one sidereal day. We use gravitational-wave radiometry (broadband and narrow band) to produce sky maps of stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and to search for gravitational waves from point sources. A spherical harmonic decomposition method is employed to look for gravitational-wave emission from spatially-extended sources. Neither technique found evidence of gravitational-wave signals. Hence we derive 95\% confidence-level upper limit sky maps on the gravitational-wave energy flux from broadband point sources, ranging from $F_{\alpha, \Theta} < {\rm (0.013 - 7.6)} \times 10^{-8} {\rm erg \, cm^{-2} \, s^{-1} \, Hz^{-1}},$ and on the (normalized) gravitational-wave energy density spectrum from extended sources, ranging from $\Omega_{\alpha, \Theta} < {\rm (0.57 - 9.3)} \times 10^{-9} \, {\rm sr^{-1}}$, depending on direction ($\Theta$) and spectral index ($\alpha$). These limits improve upon previous limits by factors of $2.9 - 3.5$. We also set 95\% confidence level upper limits on the frequency-dependent strain amplitudes of quasimonochromatic gravitational waves coming from three interesting targets, Scorpius X-1, SN 1987A and the Galactic Center, with best upper limits range from $h_0 < {\rm (1.7-2.1)} \times 10^{-25},$ a factor of $\geq 2.0$ improvement compared to previous stochastic radiometer searches.
Published: 2022

39. Directional limits on persistent gravitational waves using data from Advanced LIGO’s first two observing runs

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lane, B. B., Lanza Jr, Robert K, Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Published: 2022

40. Upper limits on the isotropic gravitational-wave background from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo’s third observing run

Author: LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, KAGRA Collaboration, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y.-W., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Jia, W., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Knyazev, E., Komori, Kentaro, Kuns, K., Lane, B. B., Lang, Ryan N., London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Marx, E. J., Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Nguyen, T., Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, KAGRA Collaboration, Barnum, Sam, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Buikema, Aaron, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Evans, Matthew J, Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fishner, Jason M., Fritschel, Peter K, Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gras, Slawomir, Hall, E. D., Haster, Carl-Johan, Huang, Y.-W., Isi Banales, Maximiliano S, Jia, W., Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Knyazev, E., Komori, Kentaro, Kuns, K., Lane, B. B., Lang, Ryan N., London, L. T., MacInnis, Myron E, Mansell, Georgia, Marx, E. J., Mason, Kenneth R, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCuller, Lee P, Mittleman, Richard K, Mo, Geoffrey, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Ng, Kwan Yeung, Nguyen, T., Shoemaker, David H, Sudhir, Vivishek, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Christopher Mark, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: We report results of a search for an isotropic gravitational-wave background (GWB) using data from Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's third observing run (O3) combined with upper limits from the earlier O1 and O2 runs. Unlike in previous observing runs in the advanced detector era, we include Virgo in the search for the GWB. The results are consistent with uncorrelated noise, and therefore we place upper limits on the strength of the GWB. We find that the dimensionless energy density $\Omega_{\rm GW}\leq 5.8\times 10^{-9}$ at the 95% credible level for a flat (frequency-independent) GWB, using a prior which is uniform in the log of the strength of the GWB, with 99% of the sensitivity coming from the band 20-76.6 Hz; $\leq 3.4 \times 10^{-9}$ at 25 Hz for a power-law GWB with a spectral index of 2/3 (consistent with expectations for compact binary coalescences), in the band 20-90.6 Hz; and $\leq 3.9 \times 10^{-10}$ at 25 Hz for a spectral index of 3, in the band 20-291.6 Hz. These upper limits improve over our previous results by a factor of 6.0 for a flat GWB. We also search for a GWB arising from scalar and vector modes, which are predicted by alternative theories of gravity; we place upper limits on the strength of GWBs with these polarizations. We demonstrate that there is no evidence of correlated noise of magnetic origin by performing a Bayesian analysis that allows for the presence of both a GWB and an effective magnetic background arising from geophysical Schumann resonances. We compare our upper limits to a fiducial model for the GWB from the merger of compact binaries. Finally, we combine our results with observations of individual mergers andshow that, at design sensitivity, this joint approach may yield stronger constraints on the merger rate of binary black holes at $z \lesssim 2$ than can be achieved with individually resolved mergers alone. [abridged]
Published: 2022

41. Medical Management at the Explosive Incident Scene

Author: Shea, Jill M., Wei, Grant, Donovan, Colleen M., Bryczkowski, Christopher, Chapleau, Will, Shah, Chirag N., Eisenstein, Robert, Bucher, Joshua, and Lacy, Clifton R.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. Organization and Operations Management at the Explosive Incident Scene

Author: Donovan, Colleen M., Bryczkowski, Christopher, McCoy, Jonathan, Tichauer, Matthew, Eisenstein, Robert, Bucher, Joshua, Chapleau, Will, and Lacy, Clifton R.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. Future Developments in the Management of Explosive Incidents

Author: Bucher, Joshua, Donovan, Colleen M., Eisenstein, Robert, and Lacy, Clifton R.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Flavor Production at Low Energies

Author: Eisenstein, Robert A., Wissink, Scott W., editor, Goodman, Charles D., editor, and Walker, George E., editor
Published: 1991
Full Text: View/download PDF

45. Reaching the hard to reach: Characteristics of patients who received a COVID‐19 vaccine in the emergency department

Author: Heinert, Sara W., primary, McCoy, Jonathan, additional, Eisenstein, Robert, additional, and Rowley, Jessica, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. Decreasing Length of Stay in the Emergency Department With a Split Emergency Severity Index 3 Patient Flow Model

Author: Arya, Rajiv, Wei, Grant, McCoy, Jonathan V., Crane, Jody, Ohman-Strickland, Pamela, Eisenstein, Robert M., and Gerson, Lowell
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. Combined Approach to Lysis Utilizing Eptifibatide and Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Acute Ischemic Stroke–Enhanced Regimen Stroke Trial

Author: Pancioli, Arthur M., Adeoye, Opeolu, Schmit, Pamela A., Khoury, Jane, Levine, Steven R., Tomsick, Thomas A., Sucharew, Heidi, Brooks, Claudette E., Crocco, Todd J., Gutmann, Laurie, Hemmen, Thomas M., Kasner, Scott E., Kleindorfer, Dawn, Knight, William A., Martini, Sharyl, McKinney, James S., Meurer, William J., Meyer, Brett C., Schneider, Alexander, Scott, Phillip A., Starkman, Sidney, Warach, Steven, Broderick, Joseph P., Pancioli, Arthur M., Adeoye, Opeolu, Broderick, Joseph, Schmit, Pamela A., Khoury, Jane, Sucharew, Heidi, Janis, Scott, Tomsick, Thomas, Brooks, Claudette E., Crocco, Todd, Hemmen, Thomas, Kasner, Scott E., McKinney, James S., Meurer, William J., Schneider, Alex, Starkman, Sidney, Warach, Steven, Levine, Steven, Moy, Claudia, Welch, K. Michael, Tietjen, Gretchen, Clarke, William R., Bonomo, Jordan, McDonough, Erin, Ferioli, Simona, De la Rosa, Felipe de los Rios, Martini, Sharyl, Woo, Daniel, Garvin, Rachel, Kleindorfer, Dawn, Khatri, Pooja, Gensic, Anna, Flaherty, Matthew, Kanter, Daniel, Kissela, Brett, Stettler, Brian, Mackey, Jason, Cadena, Rhonda, Kohake, Shannon, Heitsch, Laura, Belagaje, Samir, Vagal, Achala, Hallenbeck, John, Benson, Richard, Hsia, Amie, Jaitly, Rakesh, Latour, Lawrence, Lynch, John, Merino, Jose, Menon, Ravi, Freeman, Jason, Magadan, Alejandro, Magaraja, Nandakumar, Jothen, Jennifer, Famakin, Bonanle, Song, Shlee, Katcheves, Alex, Nadareishvili, Zurab, Ritter, Carsen, Barsan, William, Brown, Devin, Morgenstern, Lewis, Silbergleit, Robert, Rajajee, Venkatakrishna, Rusche-Skolarus, Lesli, Burke, Jim, Fletcher, Jeffrey, Adelman, Eric, Wang, Michael, Zahuranec, Darin, Cucchiara, Brett, Messe, Steven, Wilson, Christina, Ishida, Koto, Mullen, Michael, Raser, Jonathan, Pawar, Swaroop, Rose, David, Shafi, Neelofer, Rybinnik, Igor, McGavery, Michael, Beslow, Lauren, Sansing, Lauren, Ali, Latisha, Abcede, Hermelinda, Adamczyk, Peter, Buxton, William, Froehler, Michael, Kim, Doojin, Liebeskind, David, Ovbiagele, Bruce, Porter, Verna, Rajajee, Venkatakrishna, Rao, Neal, Raychev, Radoslav, Song, Sarah, Saver, Jeffrey, Tenser, Matthew, Velani, Shamsha, Yallapragada, Anil, Meyer, Brett, Guzik, Any, Loc, Kiet, Meyer, Dawn, Tafreshi, Gilda, Choe, Jessica, Sodhi, Ajeet, Delaney, Patrick, Evans, Sean, Ghausi, Omar A., Bruce, Nhu, Neil, Will, Huisa, Brank, Stemer, Andrew, Taylor, Reid, Larson, Jeanette, Larson, Seth, Leacock, Rodney, Dash, Subasisni, Eisenstein, Robert, Kapitanyan, Raffi, Paolucci, Ugo, Shah, Chirag, Toe, Win, Brick, John, Lander, Owen, Larrabee, Hollynn, Gutmann, Laurie, Minardi, Joseph, Tadros, Allison, Tillotson, Roger, Whiteman, Charles, Paulson, Debra, Sikora, Rosanna, Cummings, Christopher, Foster, John, Carrozzella, Janice, Doellman, Traci, Ewing, Irene, Frasure, Jamey, Goodall, Emily, Kimmel, Pamela, Spilker, Judith, Tamer, Robert, Waymeyer, Peggy, Zeigler, Joyce, Davis, Lisa, Farsad, Saman, Morella, Teresa, Kade, Allison, Frederiksen, Shirley, Liz, Mary, Luciano, Jean, Guzy, Judy, Grunberg, Ileana, Rzesiewicz, Teresa, Rapp, Karen, Nanney, Tracy, Shell, Leslie, Perkins, Margaret, Benton, Cindy, Jones, Robin, Hampton, Lynne, Cuento, Claudine, Alosky, Rachel, Shepard, Stephanie, Moccio, Michelle, Albrecht, Catherine, Rosario, Yaritza, Caputo, Deborah, Davis, Stephen, Altemus, Patricia, Power, Martha, VanGilder, Reyna, Sherman, Jay, and Barr, Taura
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. An Evaluation of the Accuracy of Emergency Physician Activation of the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory for Patients With Suspected ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Author: Wong, Matthew L. and Eisenstein, Robert M.
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. All-sky search for long-duration gravitational wave transients in the first Advanced LIGO observing run

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Lincoln Laboratory, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Brown, N. M., Buikema, Aaron, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Essick, Reed Clasey, Evans, M., Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Isogai, Tomoki, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lanza Jr, Robert K, Libson, Adam A., Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Martynov, Denis, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, Miller, John, Mittleman, Richard K, Mohapatra, S. R. P., Oelker, Eric Glenn, Shoemaker, David H, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Yam, William, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Lincoln Laboratory, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Brown, N. M., Buikema, Aaron, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Essick, Reed Clasey, Evans, M., Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel, Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Isogai, Tomoki, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lanza Jr, Robert K, Libson, Adam A., Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Martynov, Denis, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, Miller, John, Mittleman, Richard K, Mohapatra, S. R. P., Oelker, Eric Glenn, Shoemaker, David H, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Yam, William, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, and Zucker, Michael E
Abstract: We present the results of a search for long-duration gravitational wave transients in the data of the LIGO Hanford and LIGO Livingston second generation detectors between September 2015 and January 2016, with a total observational time of 49 d. The search targets gravitational wave transients of 10500 s duration in a frequency band of 242048 Hz, with minimal assumptions about the signal waveform, polarization, source direction, time of occurrence. No significant events were observed. As a result we set 90% confidence upper limits on the rate of long-duration gravitational wave transients for different types of gravitational wave signals. We also show that the search is sensitive to sources in the Galaxy emitting at least ∼10[superscript -8] M[subscript ⊙]c[superscript 2] in gravitational waves.
Published: 2019

50. Effects of waveform model systematics on the interpretation of GW150914

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Materials Research Laboratory, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Brown, N. M., Buikema, Aaron, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Essick, Reed Clasey, Evans, Matthew, Fernandez-Galiana, A., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Isogai, Tomoki, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lanza Jr, Robert K, Libson, Adam A., Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Martynov, Denis, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, Miller, John E, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Oelker, Eric Glenn, Shoemaker, David H, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Yam, William, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Materials Research Laboratory, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Aggarwal, Nancy, Barsotti, Lisa, Biscans, Sebastien, Brown, N. M., Buikema, Aaron, Donovan, Frederick J, Eisenstein, Robert Alan, Essick, Reed Clasey, Evans, Matthew, Fernandez-Galiana, A., Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Isogai, Tomoki, Katsavounidis, Erotokritos, Kontos, Antonios, Lanza Jr, Robert K, Libson, Adam A., Lynch, Ryan Christopher, MacInnis, Myron E, Martynov, Denis, Mason, Kenneth R, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, Miller, John E, Mittleman, Richard K, Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan, Oelker, Eric Glenn, Shoemaker, David H, Tse, Maggie, Vitale, Salvatore, Weiss, Rainer, Yam, William, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zucker, Michael E, LIGO Collaboration, and Virgo Collaboration
Abstract: Parameter estimates of GW150914 were obtained using Bayesian inference, based on three semi-analytic waveform models for binary black hole coalescences. These waveform models differ from each other in their treatment of black hole spins, and all three models make some simplifying assumptions, notably to neglect sub-dominant waveform harmonic modes and orbital eccentricity. Furthermore, while the models are calibrated to agree with waveforms obtained by full numerical solutions of Einstein's equations, any such calibration is accurate only to some non-zero tolerance and is limited by the accuracy of the underlying phenomenology, availability, quality, and parameter-space coverage of numerical simulations. This paper complements the original analyses of GW150914 with an investigation of the effects of possible systematic errors in the waveform models on estimates of its source parameters. To test for systematic errors we repeat the original Bayesian analysis on mock signals from numerical simulations of a series of binary configurations with parameters similar to those found for GW150914. Overall, we find no evidence for a systematic bias relative to the statistical error of the original parameter recovery of GW150914 due to modeling approximations or modeling inaccuracies. However, parameter biases are found to occur for some configurations disfavored by the data of GW150914: for binaries inclined edge-on to the detector over a small range of choices of polarization angles, and also for eccentricities greater than ∼0.05. For signals with higher signal-to-noise ratio than GW150914, or in other regions of the binary parameter space (lower masses, larger mass ratios, or higher spins), we expect that systematic errors in current waveform models may impact gravitational-wave measurements, making more accurate models desirable for future observations.
Published: 2019

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Database

Publisher

169 results on '"Eisenstein, Robert A."'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources