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2. Drug Resistance Spread in 6 Metropolitan Regions, Germany, 2001-20181.

Author

Stecher, Melanie, Chaillon, Antoine, Stephan, Christoph, Knops, Elena, Kohmer, Niko, Lehmann, Clara, Eberle, Josef, Bogner, Johannes, Spinner, Christoph D, Eis-Hübinger, Anna Maria, Wasmuth, Jan-Christian, Schäfer, Guido, Behrens, Georg, Mehta, Sanjay R, Vehreschild, Jörg Janne, and Hoenigl, Martin

Subjects
ART, Germany, HIV transmission, antimicrobial resistance, antiretroviral therapy, mutations, phylogenetic analysis, public health, Microbiology, Clinical Sciences, Medical Microbiology, Public Health and Health Services
Abstract

We analyzed 1,397 HIV-1 pol sequences of antiretroviral therapy-naive patients in a total of 7 university hospitals in Bonn, Cologne, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Hannover, and Munich, Germany. Phylogenetic and network analysis elucidated numerous cases of shared drug resistance mutations among genetically linked patients; K103N was the most frequently shared mutation.

Published
2020

3. Hotspots of Transmission Driving the Local Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic in the Cologne-Bonn Region, Germany

Author

Stecher, Melanie, Hoenigl, Martin, Eis-Hübinger, Anna Maria, Lehmann, Clara, Fätkenheuer, Gerd, Wasmuth, Jan-Christian, Knops, Elena, Vehreschild, Jörg Janne, Mehta, Sanjay, and Chaillon, Antoine

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, HIV/AIDS, Infectious Diseases, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Epidemics, Female, Gene Flow, Genes, pol, Genetic Linkage, Germany, HIV Infections, HIV-1, Hospitals, University, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multigene Family, Phylogeography, Public Health, Retrospective Studies, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Travel, HIV transmission, geospatial dispersial, phylogeographic analyses, public health, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundGeographical allocation of interventions focusing on hotspots of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission has the potential to improve efficiency. We used phylogeographic analyses to identify hotspots of the HIV transmission in Cologne-Bonn, Germany.MethodsWe included 714 HIV-1 infected individuals, followed up at the University Hospitals Cologne and Bonn. Distance-based molecular network analyses were performed to infer putative relationships. Characteristics of genetically linked individuals and assortativity (shared characteristics) were analyzed. Geospatial diffusion (ie, viral gene flow) was evaluated using a Slatkin-Maddison approach. Geospatial dispersal was determined by calculating the average distance between the residences of linked individuals (centroids of 3-digit zip code).ResultsIn sum, 217/714 (30.4%) sequences had a putative genetic linkage, forming 77 clusters (size range: 2-8). Linked individuals were more likely to live in areas surrounding the city center (P = .043),

Published
2019

5. Molecular Epidemiology of the HIV Epidemic in Three German Metropolitan Regions - Cologne/Bonn, Munich and Hannover, 1999-2016.

Author

Stecher, Melanie, Chaillon, Antoine, Eberle, Josef, Behrens, Georg MN, Eis-Hübinger, Anna-Maria, Lehmann, Clara, Jablonka, Alexandra, Bogner, Johannes, Fätkenheuer, Gerd, Spinner, Christoph D, Wasmuth, Jan-Christian, Kaiser, Rolf, Mehta, Sanjay R, Vehreschild, Joerg Janne, and Hoenigl, Martin

Subjects
Humans, HIV-1, HIV Infections, Incidence, Cluster Analysis, Risk Factors, Heterosexuality, Homosexuality, Male, Sex Factors, Holidays, Adult, Middle Aged, Germany, Female, Male, Molecular Epidemiology, Epidemics, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, HIV/AIDS, Infection
Abstract

Using HIV sequence data to characterize clusters of HIV transmission may provide insight into the epidemic. Phylogenetic and network analyses were performed to infer putative relationships between HIV-1 partial pol sequences from 2,774 individuals receiving care in three German regions between 1999-2016. The regions have in common that they host some of the largest annual festivals in Europe (Carnival and Oktoberfest). Putative links with sequences (n = 150,396) from the Los Alamos HIV Sequence database were evaluated. A total of 595/2,774 (21.4%) sequences linked with at least one other sequence, forming 184 transmission clusters. Clustering individuals were significantly more likely to be younger, male, and report sex with men as their main risk factor (p

Published
2018

9. A longitudinal study on SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion, reinfection and neutralisation spanning several variant waves and vaccination campaigns, Heinsberg, Germany, April 2020 to November 2022.

Author

Schulte, Bianca, Richter, Enrico, Büning, Antonia, Baum, Maximilian, Breuer, Annika, Zorn, Jasmin, König, Julia, Geiger, Melanie, Eschbach-Bludau, Monika, Heuser, Johanna, Zölzer, Dominik, Korencak, Marek, Hollstein, Ronja, Beins, Eva, Emmert, Dorian, Aldabbagh, Souhaib, Eis-Hübinger, Anna Maria, and Streeck, Hendrik

Published
2024
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11. Infection fatality rate of SARS-CoV2 in a super-spreading event in Germany

Author

Streeck, Hendrik, Schulte, Bianca, Kümmerer, Beate M., Richter, Enrico, Höller, Tobias, Fuhrmann, Christine, Bartok, Eva, Dolscheid-Pommerich, Ramona, Berger, Moritz, Wessendorf, Lukas, Eschbach-Bludau, Monika, Kellings, Angelika, Schwaiger, Astrid, Coenen, Martin, Hoffmann, Per, Stoffel-Wagner, Birgit, Nöthen, Markus M., Eis-Hübinger, Anna M., Exner, Martin, Schmithausen, Ricarda Maria, Schmid, Matthias, and Hartmann, Gunther

Published
2020
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15. Impaired immunogenicity after vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 in patients with gastrointestinal cancer: does tumor entity matter?

Author

Monin, Malte Benedikt, primary, Gorny, Jens Gabriel, additional, Berger, Moritz, additional, Baier, Leona I., additional, Zhou, Taotao, additional, Mahn, Robert, additional, Sadeghlar, Farsaneh, additional, Möhring, Christian, additional, Boesecke, Christoph, additional, van Bremen, Kahtrin, additional, Rieke, Gereon J., additional, Schlabe, Stefan, additional, Breitschwerdt, Stefan, additional, Marinova, Milka, additional, Schmidt-Wolf, Ingo G. H., additional, Strassburg, Christian P., additional, Eis-Hübinger, Anna-Maria, additional, and Gonzalez-Carmona, Maria A., additional

Published
2023
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17. Deficient Immune Response following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Hepatobiliary Carcinoma: A Forgotten, Vulnerable Group of Patients

Author

Monin, Malte Benedikt, primary, Baier, Leona I., additional, Gorny, Jens G., additional, Berger, Moritz, additional, Zhou, Taotao, additional, Mahn, Robert, additional, Sadeghlar, Farsaneh, additional, Möhring, Christian, additional, Boesecke, Christoph, additional, van Bremen, Kathrin, additional, Rockstroh, Jürgen K., additional, Strassburg, Christian P., additional, Eis-Hübinger, Anna-Maria, additional, Schmid, Matthias, additional, and Gonzalez-Carmona, Maria A., additional

Published
2023
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19. Helicobacter pylori Coinfection Is Associated With Decreased Markers of Immune Activation in ART-Naive HIV-Positive and in HIV-Negative Individuals in Ghana

Author

Eberhardt, Kirsten Alexandra, Sarfo, Fred Stephen, Dompreh, Albert, Kuffour, Edmund Osei, Geldmacher, Christof, Soltau, Mareike, Schachscheider, Marei, Drexler, Jan Felix, Eis-Hübinger, Anna Maria, Häussinger, Dieter, Bedu-Addo, George, Phillips, Richard Odame, Norman, Betty, Burchard, Gerd Dieter, and Feldt, Torsten

Published
2015

20. HIV-Associated Microbial Translocation May Affect Cytokine Production of CD56bright NK Cells via Stimulation of Monocytes

Author

ToVinh, Michael, primary, Hörr, Gregor, additional, Hoffmeister, Christoph, additional, Dobrikova, Kristiyana, additional, Gotter, Christina, additional, Raabe, Jan, additional, Kaiser, Kim M, additional, Ahmad, Sarah, additional, Finnemann, Claudia, additional, Matejec, Eyleen, additional, Hack, Gudrun, additional, Bischoff, Jenny, additional, Rieke, Gereon J, additional, Schwarze-Zander, Carolynne, additional, Boesecke, Christoph, additional, van Bremen, Kathrin, additional, Wasmuth, Jan-Christian, additional, Eis-Hübinger, Anna M, additional, Streeck, Hendrik, additional, Verhasselt, Hedda L, additional, Oldenburg, Johannes, additional, Strassburg, Christian P, additional, Rockstroh, Jürgen K, additional, Spengler, Ulrich, additional, Krämer, Benjamin, additional, and Nattermann, Jacob, additional

Published
2022
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22. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with GI and hepatobiliary carcinoma: a call for booster vaccination

Author

Monin, Malte Benedikt, primary, Baier, Leona, additional, Berger, Moritz, additional, Gorny, Jens Gabriel, additional, Zhou, Taotao, additional, Mahn, Robert, additional, Sadeghlar, Farsaneh, additional, Möhring, Christian, additional, van Bremen, Kathrin, additional, Boesecke, Christoph, additional, Rockstroh, Jürgen, additional, Strassburg, Christian, additional, Eis-Hübinger, Anna-Maria, additional, and Gonzalez-Carmona, Maria Agnes, additional

Published
2022
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24. SARS-CoV-2 in Environmental Samples of Quarantined Households

Author

Döhla, Manuel, primary, Schulte, Bianca, additional, Wilbring, Gero, additional, Kümmerer, Beate Mareike, additional, Döhla, Christin, additional, Sib, Esther, additional, Richter, Enrico, additional, Ottensmeyer, Patrick Frank, additional, Haag, Alexandra, additional, Engelhart, Steffen, additional, Eis-Hübinger, Anna Maria, additional, Exner, Martin, additional, Mutters, Nico Tom, additional, Schmithausen, Ricarda Maria, additional, and Streeck, Hendrik, additional

Published
2022
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25. Acute flaccid myelitis and Guillain-Barré syndrome in children: A comparative study with evaluation of diagnostic criteria

Author

Helfferich, J, Roodbol, Joyce, de Wit, Marie-Claire, Brouwer, Oebele F, Jacobs, Bart C., Aberle, Stephan W., Popow-Kraupp, Theresia, Nikolaeva-Glomb, Lubomira, Rainetova, Petra, Midgley, Sofie, Fischer, Thea Kølsen, Simonlatser, Grethel, Savolainen-Kopra, Carita, Lina, Bruno, Schuffenecker, Isabelle, Aubart, Melodie, Gitiaux, Cyril, Antona, Denise, Eis-Hübinger, Anna Maria, Buderus, Stephan, Panning, Marcus, Nowotny, Markus, Kiechle, Lisa, Böttcher, Sindy, Takas, Maria, Farkas, Agnes, Löve, Arthur, Baldanti, Fausto, Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria, Valli, Maria Beatrice, Esposito, Susanna, Pariani, Elena, Binda, Sandro, Neuteboom, Rinze, Pas, Suzan, Benschop, Kimberley, Meijer, Adam, Nordbø, Svein Arne, Hafström, Maria, Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen, Pfeiffer, Helle Cecilie Viekilde, Guiomar, Raquel, Palminha, Paula, Costa, Ines, Dias, Andrea Sofia, Tecu, Cristina, Cherciu, Carmen Maria, Lazarevic, Ivana, Filipovic-Vignjevic, Svetlana, Berginc, Natasa, Prinses Beatrix Spierfonds, Neurology, and Immunology

Subjects
Acute flaccid myelitis, Weakness, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, PARALYSIS, OUTBREAK, FEATURES, Guillain-Barre syndrome, macromolecular substances, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Guillain–Barré syndrome, DISEASE, Medicine, Humans, Child, reproductive and urinary physiology, OUTCOMES, business.industry, Atomic force microscopy, technology, industry, and agriculture, Diagnostic test, COLORADO, Neuromuscular Diseases, Myelitis, medicine.disease, bacterial infections and mycoses, Guillain-Barré syndrome, diagnosis, Neurology, Cohort, biological sciences, Central Nervous System Viral Diseases, acute flaccid myelitis, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Enterovirus D68, Brighton criteria
Abstract

Background and purpose: Differentiation between acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) can be difficult, particularly in children. Our objective was to improve the diagnostic accuracy by giving recommendations based on a comparison of clinical features and diagnostic criteria in children with AFM or GBS. Methods: A cohort of 26 children with AFM associated with enterovirus D68 was compared to a cohort of 156 children with GBS. The specificity of the Brighton criteria, used for GBS diagnosis, was evaluated in the AFM cohort and the specificity of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AFM diagnostic criteria in the GBS cohort. Results: Children with AFM compared to those with GBS had a shorter interval between onset of weakness and nadir (3 vs. 8 days, p < 0.001), more often had asymmetric limb weakness (58% vs. 0%, p < 0.001), and less frequently had sensory deficits (0% vs. 40%, p < 0.001). In AFM, cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte counts were higher, whereas protein concentrations were lower. Spinal cord lesions on magnetic resonance imaging were only found in AFM patients. No GBS case fulfilled CDC criteria for definite AFM. Of the AFM cases, 8% fulfilled the Brighton criteria for GBS, when omitting the criterion of excluding an alternate diagnosis. Conclusions: Despite the overlap in clinical presentation, we found distinctive early clinical and diagnostic characteristics for differentiating AFM from GBS in children. Diagnostic criteria for AFM and GBS usually perform well, but some AFM cases may fulfill clinical diagnostic criteria for GBS. This underlines the need to perform diagnostic tests early to exclude AFM in children suspected of atypical GBS. The Prinses Beatrix Spierfonds funded the PhD project of J.R. on GBS in children (project number: W.OR12-04) Sí

Published
2022
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29. HIV-Associated Microbial Translocation May Affect Cytokine Production of CD56bright NK Cells via Stimulation of Monocytes.

Author

ToVinh, Michael, Hörr, Gregor, Hoffmeister, Christoph, Dobrikova, Kristiyana, Gotter, Christina, Raabe, Jan, Kaiser, Kim M, Ahmad, Sarah, Finnemann, Claudia, Matejec, Eyleen, Hack, Gudrun, Bischoff, Jenny, Rieke, Gereon J, Schwarze-Zander, Carolynne, Boesecke, Christoph, Bremen, Kathrin van, Wasmuth, Jan-Christian, Eis-Hübinger, Anna M, Streeck, Hendrik, and Verhasselt, Hedda L

Subjects
KILLER cells, HIV infections, CELL physiology, CYTOKINES, MONOCYTES
Abstract

The mechanisms involved in HIV-associated natural killer (NK) cell impairment are still incompletely understood. We observed HIV infection to be associated with increased plasma levels of IFABP, a marker for gut epithelial barrier dysfunction, and LBP, a marker for microbial translocation. Both IFABP and LBP plasma concentrations were inversely correlated with NK cell interferon-γ production, suggesting microbial translocation to modulate NK cell functions. Accordingly, we found lipopolysaccharide to have an indirect inhibitory effect on NK cells via triggering monocytes' transforming growth factor-β production. Taken together, our data suggest increased microbial translocation to be involved in HIV-associated NK cell dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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32. Mapping of serological testing and SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies performed in 20 European countries, March-June 2020

Author

Bubba, Laura, primary, Simmonds, Peter, additional, Fischer, Thea K, additional, Harvala, Heli, additional, Weseslindtner, Lukas, additional, Spuchhammer-Stockl, Elisabeth, additional, Marijke, Reynders, additional, Dedeic Ljubovic, Amela, additional, Aleksandrova, Dora, additional, Tabain, Irena, additional, Rainetova, Petra, additional, Jirincova, Helena, additional, Bang, Didi, additional, Fickenscher, Helmut, additional, Krumbholz, Andi, additional, Panning, Marcus, additional, Huzly, Daniela, additional, Eis-Hübinger, Anna M, additional, Papa, Anna, additional, Sourvinos, George, additional, Zafiropoulos, Alexandros, additional, Ásgeirsson, Asgeir Erlendur, additional, Connell, Jeff, additional, Percivalle, Elena, additional, Cassaniti, Irene, additional, Karen, Couderé, additional, Lind, Andreas, additional, Nordbo, Svein Arne, additional, de Sao Jose Nascimento, Maria, additional, Mesquita, Joao Rodrigo, additional, Brito, Maria, additional, Guiomar, Raquel, additional, Rodrigues, Ana Paula, additional, Fonseca e Silva, Daniela, additional, Abreu, Ana, additional, Dessa, Paulo, additional, Popescu, Corneliu Petru, additional, Berginc, Natasa, additional, ProsencTrilar, Katarina, additional, Poljak, Mario, additional, Rabella, Nuria, additional, Esperalba, Juliana, additional, Perez-Olmeda, Mayte, additional, Fernández-García, Aurora, additional, Bogdanovic, Gordana, additional, Muschiol, Sandra, additional, Bohn Christiansen, Claus, additional, Can Sarınoglu, Rabia, additional, Karahasan Yagci, Aysegul, additional, Zeytinoglu, Aysin, additional, Soylu, Mehmet, additional, Sener, Burcin, additional, and Alp, Alpaslan, additional

Published
2021
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41. SARS-CoV-2-Screening bei Aufnahme von Patienten in einem Verbund-Krankenhaus der Regelversorgung der Stadt Bonn

Author

Schumacher, Carmen, Wallau, Anja, Schmitz, Udo, Wilhelm, Klaus, Abels, Susanne, Streeck, Hendrik, Eis-Hübinger, Anna M., and Ko, Yon-Dschun

Subjects
Krankenhaus, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2-Inzidenz, COVID-19, ddc:610, SARS-CoV-2-Screening, Teststrategie, 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Abstract

Die Unklarheit, ob Patienten bei stationärer Aufnahme SARS-CoV-2-infiziert sind, stellt wegen den erforderlichen Maßnahmen zum Schutz vor Virusübertragungen auf Patienten und Personal eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Bei (zum Untersuchungszeitpunkt) niedriger Inzidenz in der Stadt Bonn konnten in der im Epidemiologischen Bulletin 43/2020 veröffentlichten Untersuchung keine relevanten Einträge unerkannter SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen in 2 untersuchten Bonner Kliniken beobachtet werden. Die regionale SARS-CoV-2 Inzidenz kann als Grundlage für die Entscheidung über eine ggf. kurzfristige Einführung von Screening-Untersuchungen bei Aufnahme in ein Krankenhaus der Region genutzt werden. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Vorgaben der nationalen Teststrategie SARS-CoV-2 in der empfohlen wird, die Testung stationär aufzunehmender Patienten und des Personals „unter Berücksichtigung der epidemiologischen Lage“ durchzuführen.

Published
2020
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42. Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Is More Difficult to Neutralize by Antibodies Than Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Author

Heilingloh, Christiane Silke, Lull, Christopher, Kleiser, Elissa, Alt, Mira, Schipper, Leonie, Witzke, Oliver, Trilling, Mirko, Eis-Hübinger, Anna-Maria, Dittmer, Ulf, and Krawczyk, Adalbert

Subjects
Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » Klinik für Infektiologie, Brief Report, viruses, lcsh:R, Medizin, lcsh:Medicine, neutralizing antibodies, ddc:610, Neutralizing Antibodies, Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » Institut für Virologie, HSV-2, HSV-1
Abstract

Infections with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are a global health burden. Besides painful oral or genital lesions in otherwise healthy subjects, both viruses can cause devastating morbidity and mortality in immune-compromised and immune-immature individuals. The latter are particularly susceptible to a disseminated, life-threatening disease. Neutralizing antibodies (NAb) constitute a correlate of protection from disease, and are promising candidates for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of severe HSV infections. However, a clinical vaccine trial suggested that HSV-2 might be more resistant to NAbs than HSV-1. In the present study, we investigated the antiviral efficacy of the well-characterized humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) hu2c against HSV-2, in a NOD/SCID immunodeficiency mouse model. Despite the fact that hu2c recognizes a fully conserved epitope and binds HSV-1 and HSV-2 glycoprotein B with equal affinity, it was much less effective against HSV-2 in vitro and in NOD/SCID mice. Although intravenous antibody treatment prolonged the survival of HSV-2-infected mice, complete protection from death was not achieved. Our data demonstrate that HSV-2 is more resistant to NAbs than HSV-1, even if the same antibody and antigen are concerned, making the development of a vaccine or therapeutic antibodies more challenging.

Published
2020

43. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with GI and hepatobiliary carcinoma: a call for booster vaccination.

Author

Monin, Malte Benedikt, Baier, Leona, Berger, Moritz, Gorny, Jens Gabriel, Zhou, Taotao, Mahn, Robert, Sadeghlar, Farsaneh, Möhring, Christian, van Bremen, Kathrin, Boesecke, Christoph, Rockstroh, Jürgen, Strassburg, Christian, Eis-Hübinger, Anna-Maria, and Gonzalez-Carmona, Maria Agnes

Subjects
BOOSTER vaccines, HEPATITIS B vaccines, MEDICAL ethics, VACCINATION
Published
2023
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46. Detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia in Critically Ill Patients, but Not in Mild and Asymptomatic Infections

Author

Richter, Enrico, primary, Al Arashi, Doaa, additional, Schulte, Bianca, additional, Bode, Christian, additional, Marx, Benjamin, additional, Aldabbagh, Souhaib, additional, Schlüter, Celina, additional, Kümmerer, Beate Mareike, additional, Oldenburg, Johannes, additional, Funk, Markus B., additional, Putensen, Christian, additional, Schmithausen, Ricarda Maria, additional, Hartmann, Gunther, additional, Eis-Hübinger, Anna, additional, and Streeck, Hendrik, additional

Published
2021
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48. Deficient Immune Response following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Hepatobiliary Carcinoma: A Forgotten, Vulnerable Group of Patients

Author

Monin, Malte Benedikt, Baier, Leona I., Gorny, Jens G., Berger, Moritz, Zhou, Taotao, Mahn, Robert, Sadeghlar, Farsaneh, Möhring, Christian, Boesecke, Christoph, van Bremen, Kathrin, Rockstroh, Jürgen K., Strassburg, Christian P., Eis-Hübinger, Anna-Maria, Schmid, Matthias, and Gonzalez-Carmona, Maria A.

Abstract

Introduction:Data on immune response rates following vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients with hepatobiliary carcinoma (HBC) are rare. However, impaired immunogenicity must be expected due to the combination of chronic liver diseases (CLDs) with malignancy and anticancer treatment. Methods:In this prospective, longitudinal study, 101 patients were included, of whom 59 were patients with HBC under anticancer treatment. A cohort of patients with a past medical history of gastrointestinal cancer, of whom 28.6% had HBC without detectable active tumor disease having been off therapy for at least 12 months, served as control. Levels of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG, surrogate neutralization antibodies (sNABs), and cellular immune responses were compared. In uni- and multivariable subgroup analyses, risk factors for impaired immunogenicity were regarded. Data on rates and clinical courses of SARS-CoV-2 infections were documented. Results:In patients with HBC under active treatment, levels of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG were significantly lower (2.55 log10BAU/mL; 95% CI: 2.33–2.76; p< 0.01) than in patients in follow-up care (3.02 log10BAU/mL; 95% CI: 2.80–3.25) 4 weeks after two vaccinations. Antibody levels decreased over time, and differences between the groups diminished. However, titers of SARS-CoV-2 sNAB were for a longer time significantly lower in patients with HBC under treatment (64.19%; 95% CI: 55.90–72.48; p< 0.01) than in patients in follow-up care (84.13%; 95% CI: 76.95–91.31). Underlying CLD and/or liver cirrhosis Child-Pugh A or B (less than 8 points) did not seem to further impair immunogenicity. Conversely, chemotherapy and additional immunosuppression were found to significantly reduce antibody levels. After a third booster vaccination for SARS-CoV-2, levels of total and neutralization antibodies were equalized between the groups. Moreover, cellular response rates were balanced. Clinically, infection rates with SARS-CoV-2 were low, and no severe courses were observed. Conclusion:Patients with active HBC showed significantly impaired immune response rates to basic vaccinations for SARS-CoV-2, especially under chemotherapy, independent of underlying cirrhotic or non-cirrhotic CLD. Although booster vaccinations balanced differences, waning immunity was observed over time and should be monitored for further recommendations. Our data help clinicians decide on individual additional booster vaccinations and/or passive immunization or antiviral treatment in patients with HBC getting infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Published
2022
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