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87 results on '"Eimer, J"'

1. Sub-Kelvin cooling for two kilopixel bolometer arrays in the PIPER receiver

Author

Switzer, E. R., Ade, P. A. R., Baildon, T., Benford, D., Bennett, C. L., Chuss, D. T., Datta, R., Eimer, J. R., Fixsen, D. J., Gandilo, N. N., Essinger-Hileman, T. M., Halpern, M., Hilton, G., Irwin, K., Jhabvala, C., Kimball, M., Kogut, A., Lazear, J., Lowe, L. N., McMahon, J. J., Miller, T. M., Mirel, P., Moseley, S. H., Pawlyk, S., Rodriguez, S., Sharp, E., Shirron, P., Staguhn, J. G., Sullivan, D. F., Taraschi, P., Tucker, C. E., Walts, A., and Wollack, E. J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) is a balloon-borne telescope mission to search for inflationary gravitational waves from the early universe. PIPER employs two 32x40 arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensors, which operate at 100 mK. An open bucket dewar of liquid helium maintains the receiver and telescope optics at 1.7 K. We describe the thermal design of the receiver and sub-kelvin cooling with a continuous adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (CADR). The CADR operates between 70-130 mK and provides ~10 uW cooling power at 100 mK, nearly five times the loading of the two detector assemblies. We describe electronics and software to robustly control the CADR, overall CADR performance in flight-like integrated receiver testing, and practical considerations for implementation in the balloon float environment., Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures

Published
2019
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2. Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) Focal Plane Development

Author

Chuss, D. T., Ali, A., Amiri, M., Appel, J., Bennett, C. L., Colazo, F., Denis, K. L., Dünner, R., Essinger-Hileman, T., Eimer, J., Fluxa, P., Gothe, D., Halpern, M., Harrington, K., Hilton, G., Hinshaw, G., Hubmayr, J., Iuliano, J., Marriage, T. A., Miller, N., Moseley, S. H., Mumby, G., Petroff, M., Reintsema, C., Rostem, K., U-Yen, K., Watts, D., Wagner, E., Wollack, E. J., Xu, Z., and Zeng, L.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) will measure the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background to search for and characterize the polarized signature of inflation. CLASS will operate from the Atacama Desert and observe $\sim$70% of the sky. A variable-delay polarization modulator (VPM) modulates the polarization at $\sim$10 Hz to suppress the 1/f noise of the atmosphere and enable the measurement of the large angular scale polarization modes. The measurement of the inflationary signal across angular scales that span both the recombination and reionization features allows a test of the predicted shape of the polarized angular power spectra in addition to a measurement of the energy scale of inflation. CLASS is an array of telescopes covering frequencies of 38, 93, 148, and 217 GHz. These frequencies straddle the foreground minimum and thus allow the extraction of foregrounds from the primordial signal. Each focal plane contains feedhorn-coupled transition-edge sensors that simultaneously detect two orthogonal linear polarizations. The use of single-crystal silicon as the dielectric for the on-chip transmission lines enables both high efficiency and uniformity in fabrication. Integrated band definition has been implemented that both controls the bandpass of the single mode transmission on the chip and prevents stray light from coupling to the detectors., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted by the Journal of Low Temperature Physics

Published
2015
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3. Recovery of Large Angular Scale CMB Polarization for Instruments Employing Variable-delay Polarization Modulators

Author

Miller, N. J., Chuss, D. T., Marriage, T. A., Wollack, E. J., Appel, J. W., Bennett, C. L., Eimer, J., Essinger-Hileman, T., Fixsen, D. J., Harrington, K., Moseley, S. H., Rostem, K., Switzer, E. R., and Watts, D. J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Variable-delay Polarization Modulators (VPMs) are currently being implemented in experiments designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background on large angular scales because of their capability for providing rapid, front-end polarization modulation and control over systematic errors. Despite the advantages provided by the VPM, it is important to identify and mitigate any time-varying effects that leak into the synchronously modulated component of the signal. In this paper, the effect of emission from a $300$ K VPM on the system performance is considered and addressed. Though instrument design can greatly reduce the influence of modulated VPM emission, some residual modulated signal is expected. VPM emission is treated in the presence of rotational misalignments and temperature variation. Simulations of time-ordered data are used to evaluate the effect of these residual errors on the power spectrum. The analysis and modeling in this paper guides experimentalists on the critical aspects of observations using VPMs as front-end modulators. By implementing the characterizations and controls as described, front-end VPM modulation can be very powerful for mitigating $1/f$ noise in large angular scale polarimetric surveys. None of the systematic errors studied fundamentally limit the detection and characterization of B-modes on large scales for a tensor-to-scalar ratio of $r=0.01$. Indeed, $r<0.01$ is achievable with commensurately improved characterizations and controls., Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures, 1 table, matches published version

Published
2015
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4. N=90 region: The decays of {152m,g}Eu to 152Sm

Author

Kulp, W. D., Wood, J. L., Allmond, J. M., Eimer, J., Furse, D., Krane, K. S., Larimer, R. -M., Loats, J., Norman, E. B., Piechaczek, A., Schmelzenbach, P., and Stapels, C. J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The decays of {152m,g}Eu to 152Sm have been studied by gamma-ray spectroscopy using the 8pi Spectrometer, an array of 20 Compton-suppressed Ge detectors. Very weak gamma-decay branches in 152Sm were investigated through gamma-gamma coincidence spectroscopy. All possible E2 transitions between states below 1550 keV with transition energies > 130 keV are observed, including the previously unobserved 2^+_3 to 0^+_2 401 keV transition. The results, combined with existing lifetime data, provide a number of new or revised E2 transition strengths which are critical for clarifying the collective structure of 152Sm and the N=90 isotones., Comment: 37 pages, 8 figures, 7 tables. Discussion significantly expanded: added comparisons of nine collective models to experimental data (excitation energies, B(E2), isomer shift, rho^2(E0))

Published
2006
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6. Variable-Delay Polarization Modulators for Cryogenic Millimeter-Wave Applications

Author

Chuss, D. T, Eimer, J. R, Fixsen, D. J, Hinderks, J, Kogut, A. J, Lazear, J, Mirel, P, Switzer, E, Voellmer, G. M, and Wollack, E. J

Subjects
Instrumentation And Photography, Mechanical Engineering, Optics
Abstract

We describe the design, construction, and initial validation of the variable-delay polarization modulator (VPM) designed for the PIPER cosmic microwave background polarimeter. The VPM modulates between linear and circular polarization by introducing a variable phase delay between orthogonal linear polarizations. Each VPM has a diameter of 39 cm and is engineered to operate in a cryogenic environment (1.5 K). We describe the mechanical design and performance of the kinematic double-blade flexure and drive mechanism along with the construction of the high precision wire grid polarizers.

Published
2014

9. Fabrication of Silicon Backshort Assembly for Waveguide-Coupled Superconducting Detectors

Author

Crowe, E, Bennett, C. L, Chuss, D. T, Denis, K. L, Eimer, J, Lourie, N, Marriage, T, Moseley, S. H, Rostem, K, Stevenson, T. R, Towner, D, U-Yen, K, and Wollack, E. J

Subjects
Electronics And Electrical Engineering
Abstract

The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) is a ground-based instrument that will measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background to search for gravitational waves from a posited epoch of inflation early in the universe s history. We are currently developing detectors that address the challenges of this measurement by combining the excellent beam-forming attributes of feedhorns with the low-noise performance of Transition-Edge sensors. These detectors utilize a planar orthomode transducer that maps the horizontal and vertical linear polarized components in a dual-mode waveguide to separate microstrip lines. On-chip filters define the bandpass in each channel, and the signals are terminated in resistors that are thermally coupled to the transition-edge sensors operating at 150 mK.

Published
2012

11. Vector Reflectometry in a Beam Waveguide

Author

Eimer, J. R, Bennett, C. L, Chuss, D. T, and Wollack, E. J

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a one-port calibration technique for characterization of beam waveguide components with a vector network analyzer. This technique involves using a set of known delays to separate the responses of the instrument and the device under test. We demonstrate this technique by measuring the reflected performance of a millimeter-wave variable-delay polarization modulator.

Published
2011

12. Bedaquiline and delamanid for drug-resistant tuberculosis: a clinician's perspective

Author

Guglielmetti, L, Chiesi, S, Eimer, J, Dominguez, J, Masini, T, Varaine, F, Veziris, N, Ader, F, and Robert, J

Subjects
treatment, MDR, multidrug resistant, clofazimine, XDR, linezolid, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Abstract

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) represents a substantial threat to the global efforts to control this disease. After decades of stagnation, the treatment of drug-resistant TB is undergoing major changes: two drugs with a new mechanism of action, bedaquiline and delamanid, have been approved by stringent regulatory authorities and are recommended by the WHO. This narrative review summarizes the evidence, originating from both observational studies and clinical trials, which is available to support the use of these drugs, with a focus on special populations. Areas of uncertainty, including the use of the two drugs together or for prolonged duration, are discussed. Ongoing clinical trials are aiming to optimize the use of bedaquiline and delamanid to shorten the treatment of drug-resistant TB.

Published
2020

13. Fabrication of an Antenna-Coupled Bolometer for Cosmic Microwave Background Polarimetry

Author

Denis, K.L, Cao, N.T, Talley, D.J, Chuss, D.T, Hinderks, J.R, Hsieh, W-T, Moseley, S.H, Stevenson, T.R, U-yen, K, Wollack, E.J, and Eimer, J

Subjects
Instrumentation And Photography
Abstract

We describe the development of a detector for precise measurements of the cosmic microwave background polarization. The detector employs a waveguide to couple light between a pair of Mo/Au superconducting transition edge sensors (TES) and a feedhorn. Incorporation of an on-chip ortho-mode transducer (OMT) results in high isolation. The OMT is micromachined and bonded to the microstrip and TES circuits in a low temperature wafer bonding process. The wafer bonding process incorporates a buried superconducting niobium layer with a single crystal silicon layer which serves as the leg isolated TES membrane and as the microstrip dielectric. We describe the micromachining and wafer bonding process and report measurement results of the microwave circuitry operating in the 29-43GHz band along with Johnson noise measurements of the TES membrane structures and development of Mo/Au TES operating under '00mK.

Published
2009

14. Sub-Kelvin cooling for two kilopixel bolometer arrays in the PIPER receiver

Author

Switzer, E. R., primary, Ade, P. A. R., additional, Baildon, T., additional, Benford, D., additional, Bennett, C. L., additional, Chuss, D. T., additional, Datta, R., additional, Eimer, J. R., additional, Fixsen, D. J., additional, Gandilo, N. N., additional, Essinger-Hileman, T. M., additional, Halpern, M., additional, Hilton, G., additional, Irwin, K., additional, Jhabvala, C., additional, Kimball, M., additional, Kogut, A., additional, Lazear, J., additional, Lowe, L. N., additional, McMahon, J. J., additional, Miller, T. M., additional, Mirel, P., additional, Moseley, S. H., additional, Pawlyk, S., additional, Rodriguez, S., additional, Sharp, E., additional, Shirron, P., additional, Staguhn, J. G., additional, Sullivan, D. F., additional, Taraschi, P., additional, Tucker, C. E., additional, Walts, A., additional, and Wollack, E. J., additional

Published
2019
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15. RECOVERY OF LARGE ANGULAR SCALE CMB POLARIZATION FOR INSTRUMENTS EMPLOYING VARIABLE-DELAY POLARIZATION MODULATORS

Author

Miller, N. J., primary, Chuss, D. T., additional, Marriage, T. A., additional, Wollack, E. J., additional, Appel, J. W., additional, Bennett, C. L., additional, Eimer, J., additional, Essinger-Hileman, T., additional, Fixsen, D. J., additional, Harrington, K., additional, Moseley, S. H., additional, Rostem, K., additional, Switzer, E. R., additional, and Watts, D. J., additional

Published
2016
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16. Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) Focal Plane Development

Author

Chuss, D. T., primary, Ali, A., additional, Amiri, M., additional, Appel, J., additional, Bennett, C. L., additional, Colazo, F., additional, Denis, K. L., additional, Dünner, R., additional, Essinger-Hileman, T., additional, Eimer, J., additional, Fluxa, P., additional, Gothe, D., additional, Halpern, M., additional, Harrington, K., additional, Hilton, G., additional, Hinshaw, G., additional, Hubmayr, J., additional, Iuliano, J., additional, Marriage, T. A., additional, Miller, N., additional, Moseley, S. H., additional, Mumby, G., additional, Petroff, M., additional, Reintsema, C., additional, Rostem, K., additional, U-Yen, K., additional, Watts, D., additional, Wagner, E., additional, Wollack, E. J., additional, Xu, Z., additional, and Zeng, L., additional

Published
2015
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19. Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) Focal Plane Development.

Author

Chuss, D., Ali, A., Amiri, M., Appel, J., Bennett, C., Colazo, F., Denis, K., Dünner, R., Essinger-Hileman, T., Eimer, J., Fluxa, P., Gothe, D., Halpern, M., Harrington, K., Hilton, G., Hinshaw, G., Hubmayr, J., Iuliano, J., Marriage, T., and Miller, N.

Subjects
COSMIC background radiation, FOCAL planes, POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics), PARTICLE detectors, TELESCOPES
Abstract

The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) will measure the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background to search for and characterize the polarized signature of inflation. CLASS will operate from the Atacama Desert and observe $$\sim $$ 70 % of the sky. A variable-delay polarization modulator provides modulation of the polarization at $$\sim $$ 10 Hz to suppress the 1/ f noise of the atmosphere and enable the measurement of the large angular scale polarization modes. The measurement of the inflationary signal across angular scales that spans both the recombination and reionization features allows a test of the predicted shape of the polarized angular power spectra in addition to a measurement of the energy scale of inflation. CLASS is an array of telescopes covering frequencies of 38, 93, 148, and 217 GHz. These frequencies straddle the foreground minimum and thus allow the extraction of foregrounds from the primordial signal. Each focal plane contains feedhorn-coupled transition-edge sensors that simultaneously detect two orthogonal linear polarizations. The use of single-crystal silicon as the dielectric for the on-chip transmission lines enables both high efficiency and uniformity in fabrication. Integrated band definition has been implemented that both controls the bandpass of the single-mode transmission on the chip and prevents stray light from coupling to the detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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20. Phase-controlled polarization modulators

Author

Chuss, David T., primary, Wollack, Edward J., additional, Novak, G., additional, Pisano, Giampaolo, additional, Eimer, J. R., additional, Moseley, S. H., additional, Krejny, M., additional, and U-Yen, K., additional

Published
2012
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21. Detector architecture of the cosmology large angular scale surveyor

Author

Rostem, K., primary, Bennett, C. L., additional, Chuss, D. T., additional, Costen, N., additional, Crowe, E., additional, Denis, K. L., additional, Eimer, J. R., additional, Lourie, N., additional, Essinger-Hileman, T., additional, Marriage, T. A., additional, Moseley, S. H., additional, Stevenson, T. R., additional, Towner, D. W., additional, Voellmer, G., additional, Wollack, E. J., additional, and Zeng, L., additional

Published
2012
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22. Electromagnetic Design of Feedhorn-Coupled Transition-Edge Sensors for Cosmic Microwave Background Polarimetry

Author

Chuss, D. T., primary, Bennett, C. L., additional, Costen, N., additional, Crowe, E., additional, Denis, K., additional, Eimer, J. R., additional, Lourie, N., additional, Marriage, T. A., additional, Moseley, S. H., additional, Rostem, K., additional, Stevenson, T. R., additional, Towner, D., additional, U-Yen, K., additional, Voellmer, G., additional, Wollack, E. J., additional, and Zeng, L., additional

Published
2011
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24. Fabrication of an Antenna-Coupled Bolometer for Cosmic Microwave Background Polarimetry

Author

Denis, K. L., primary, Cao, N. T., additional, Chuss, D. T., additional, Eimer, J., additional, Hinderks, J. R., additional, Hsieh, W.-T., additional, Moseley, S. H., additional, Stevenson, T. R., additional, Talley, D. J., additional, U.-yen, K., additional, Wollack, E. J., additional, Young, Betty, additional, Cabrera, Blas, additional, and Miller, Aaron, additional

Published
2009
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26. N=90region: The decays ofEu152m,gtoSm152

Author

Kulp, W. D., primary, Wood, J. L., additional, Allmond, J. M., additional, Eimer, J., additional, Furse, D., additional, Krane, K. S., additional, Loats, J., additional, Schmelzenbach, P., additional, Stapels, C. J., additional, Larimer, R.-M., additional, Norman, E. B., additional, and Piechaczek, A., additional

Published
2007
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29. Current Status of the PIPER Experiment

Author

Johnson, Bradley, Ade, P., Benford, D., Bennett, C., Chuss, D., Dotson, J., Eimer, J., Fixsen, D., Halpern, M., Hilton, G., Hinderks, J., Hinshaw, G., Irwin, K., Jethava, N., Jhabvala, C., Kogut, A., Lazear, J., Lowe, L., Miller, T., Mirel, P., Moseley, H., Rodriguez, S., Rostem, K., Sharp, E., Staguhn, J., Carole Tucker, Voellmer, G., Wollack, E., and Zeng, L.

30. Variable-delay Polarization Modulators for the CLASS Telescope

Author

Harrington, Kathleen, Ali, A., Amiri, M., Appel, J. W., Araujo, D., Bennett, C. L., Boone, F., Chan, M., Cho, H., Chuss, D. T., Colazo, F., Crowe, E., Denis, K., Dünner, R., Eimer, J., Essinger-Hileman, T., Gothe, D., Halpern, M., Hilton, G., Hinshaw, G. F., Huang, C., Irwin, K., Jones, G., Karakla, J., Kogut, A. J., Larson, D., Michele Limon, Lowry, L., Marriage, T., Mehrle, N., Miller, A. D., Miller, N., Mirel, P., Moseley, S. H., Novak, G., Reintsema, C., Rostem, K., Stevenson, T., Towner, D., U-Yen, K., Wagner, E., Watts, D., Wollack, E., Xu, Z., and Zeng, L.

31. PIPER: Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer

Author

Lazear, Justin, Benford, D., Chuss, D., Fixsen, D., Hinderks, J., Hinshaw, G., Jhabvala, C., Johnson, B., Kogut, A., Mirel, P., Mosely, H., Staguhn, J., Wollack, E., Weston, A., Vlahacos, K., Bennett, C., Eimer, J., Halpern, M., Irwin, K., Dotson, J., Ade, P., and Carole Tucker

33. The primordial inflation polarization explorer: science from circular polarization measurements

Author

Switzer, Eric, Ade, P., Benford, D. J., Bennett, C. L., Chuss, D. T., Dotson, J. L., Eimer, J., Fixsen, D. J., Halpern, M., Hinshaw, G. F., Irwin, K., Jhabvala, C., Johnson, B., Kogut, A. J., Lazear, J., Mirel, P., Moseley, S. H., Staguhn, J., Tucker, C. E., Weston, A., Wollack, E., Switzer, Eric, Ade, P., Benford, D. J., Bennett, C. L., Chuss, D. T., Dotson, J. L., Eimer, J., Fixsen, D. J., Halpern, M., Hinshaw, G. F., Irwin, K., Jhabvala, C., Johnson, B., Kogut, A. J., Lazear, J., Mirel, P., Moseley, S. H., Staguhn, J., Tucker, C. E., Weston, A., and Wollack, E.

Abstract

The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) is a balloon-borne CMB polarimeter designed to constrain the B-mode signature of cosmological inflation. Sequential one-day flights from Northern- and Southern- Hemisphere sites will yield maps of Stokes I, Q, U and V at 200, 270, 350 and 600 GHz over 85% of the sky. The full optical path is cooled to 1.5 K by liquid helium in the ARCADE bucket dewar, and a variable-delay polarization modulator (VPM) at the front of the optics modulates the polarization response. Independent Q and U cameras each have two 32x40 Transition Edge Sensor array receivers. In addition to its primary inflationary science goal, PIPER will also measure the circular (Stokes V) polarization to a depth similar to that of the primary linear polarization. The circular polarization has received relatively little attention in large-area surveys, with constraints from the 1980’s and recent results by the Milan Polarimeter. Astrophysical circular polarization is generally tied to the presence of magnetic fields, either in relativistic plasmas or Zeeman splitting of resonances. These effects are thought to be undetectable at PIPER's frequencies and resolution, despite the depth. The expectation of a null result makes the deep Stokes V map a good cross-check for experimental systematics. More fundamentally, the fact that the sky is expected to be dark in Stokes V makes it a sector sensitive to processes such as Lorentz-violating terms in the standard model or magnetic fields in the CMB era.

34. The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER): receiver design and performance

Author

Switzer, E., Ade, P., Baildon, T., Bellis, N., Benford, D., Bennett, C., Chuss, D., Datta, R., Eimer, J., Fixsen, D., Gandilo, N., Essinger-Hileman, T., Halpern, M., Hilton, G., Irwin, K., Jhabvala, C., Kimball, M., Kogut, A., Lazear, J., Lowe, L., McMahon, J., Miller, T., Mirel, P., Pawlyk, S., Rodriguez, S., Sharp, E., Staguhn, J., Sullivan, D., Tarachi, P., Tucker, C., Walts, A., Wollack, E., Switzer, E., Ade, P., Baildon, T., Bellis, N., Benford, D., Bennett, C., Chuss, D., Datta, R., Eimer, J., Fixsen, D., Gandilo, N., Essinger-Hileman, T., Halpern, M., Hilton, G., Irwin, K., Jhabvala, C., Kimball, M., Kogut, A., Lazear, J., Lowe, L., McMahon, J., Miller, T., Mirel, P., Pawlyk, S., Rodriguez, S., Sharp, E., Staguhn, J., Sullivan, D., Tarachi, P., Tucker, C., Walts, A., and Wollack, E.

Abstract

The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) is a balloon-borne instrument that will probe the epoch of reionization and search for the signature of inflation through large angular scale measurements of the linear polarization of the cosmic microwave background in four frequency bands from 200 to 600 GHz. The PIPER receiver couples two 32x40 arrays of transition-edge sensors (TES) to cryogenic telescope optics. The optics are maintained at < 3 K using superfluid pumps in an open bucket of liquid helium. The receiver houses the detector arrays and sub-K cooler in a superfluid-tight enclosure. We describe several aspects of the receiver design and performance: 1) the thermal design of the receiver and cooling to 100 mK with a continuous adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (CADR) 2) performance of the TES arrays in the integrated receiver, 3) design of the reimaging optics and superfluid-tight windows. The PIPER receiver is the first implementation of kilo-pixel TES bolometer arrays combined with a continuous ADR operating at 100 mK, which provide 10 uW cooling....

35. The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER): 2019 flight and telescope performance

Author

Essinger-Hileman, T., Ade, P. A., Baildon, T., Bellis, N., Benford, D., Bennett, C., Chuss, D., Datta, R., Eimer, J., Fixsen, D., Gandilo, N., Halpern, M., Hilton, G., Irwin, K., Jhabvala, C., Kimball, M., Kogut, A., Lazear, J., Lowe, L., McMahon, J., Miller, T., Mirel, P., Moseley, S., Pawlyk, S., Rodriguez, S., Sharp, E., Shirron, P., Staguhn, J., Sullivan, D., Switzer, E., Taraschi, P., Tucker, C., Walts, A., Wollack, E, Essinger-Hileman, T., Ade, P. A., Baildon, T., Bellis, N., Benford, D., Bennett, C., Chuss, D., Datta, R., Eimer, J., Fixsen, D., Gandilo, N., Halpern, M., Hilton, G., Irwin, K., Jhabvala, C., Kimball, M., Kogut, A., Lazear, J., Lowe, L., McMahon, J., Miller, T., Mirel, P., Moseley, S., Pawlyk, S., Rodriguez, S., Sharp, E., Shirron, P., Staguhn, J., Sullivan, D., Switzer, E., Taraschi, P., Tucker, C., Walts, A., and Wollack, E

Abstract

The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) is a balloon-borne instrument that will probe the epoch of reionization and search for the signature of inflation through large angular scale measurements of the linear polarization of the cosmic microwave background in four frequency bands from 200 to 600 GHz. PIPER consists of co-pointed twin cryogenic telescopes operating in an open liquid helium bucket dewar that upon achieving float altitude cool below a temperature of 3 K. Variable-delay polarization modulators (VPMs) provide sensitivity to circular polarization for systematic error control, along with one linear polarization component per telescope. The twin telescopes provide simultaneous sensitivity to Stokes I, Q, U, and V. On 14 October 2019, PIPER flew from Fort Sumner, NM, configured to observe in a band centered at 200 GHz. The flight lasted 13 hours, reaching an altitude of 30.2 km. Failure of an observation hatch to open upon reaching float altitude prevented astrophysical observations; however, the VPMs and telescope cryogenics were operated successfully. Here we report on the 2019 PIPER flight and the performance of these systems at float....

36. The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER): Preflight characterization of the detector arrays

Author

Datta, R., Ade, P., Baildon, T., Bellis, N., Benford, D., Bennett, C., Chuss, D., Eimer, J., Fixsen, D., Gandilo, N., Essinger-Hileman, T., Halpern, M., HIlton, G., Irwin, K., Jhabvala, C., Kimball, M., Kogut, A., Lazear, J., Lowe, L., McMahon, J., Miller, T., Mirel, P., Moseley, S., Pawlyk, S., Rodriquez, R., Sharp, E., Shirron, P., Staguhn, J., Sullivan, D., Switzer, E., Taraschi, P., Tucker, C., Walts, A., Wollack, E., Datta, R., Ade, P., Baildon, T., Bellis, N., Benford, D., Bennett, C., Chuss, D., Eimer, J., Fixsen, D., Gandilo, N., Essinger-Hileman, T., Halpern, M., HIlton, G., Irwin, K., Jhabvala, C., Kimball, M., Kogut, A., Lazear, J., Lowe, L., McMahon, J., Miller, T., Mirel, P., Moseley, S., Pawlyk, S., Rodriquez, R., Sharp, E., Shirron, P., Staguhn, J., Sullivan, D., Switzer, E., Taraschi, P., Tucker, C., Walts, A., and Wollack, E.

Abstract

The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) is a balloon-borne instrument that will probe the epoch of reionization and search for the signature of inflation through large angular scale measurements of the linear polarization of the cosmic microwave background in four frequency bands from 200 to 600 GHz. The sky is imaged on to two 32x40 pixel arrays of time-domain multiplexed Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers operating at a bath temperature of 100 mK to achieve background-limited sensitivity. Each kilopixel array is indium-bump-bonded to a 2D superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) time-domain multiplexer (MUX) chip and read out by warm electronics. Each pixel measures total incident power over a frequency band defined by bandpass filters in front of the array, while polarization sensitivity is provided by the upstream Variable-delay Polarization Modulators (VPMs) and analyzer grids. We present measurements of the detector dark parameters including transition temperature, saturation power, thermal conductivity, and time constants. We also present a summary of the pre-flight characterization of the detector arrays in the fully integrated flight receiver, describe the optimization of the integrated readout parameters, and the overall pixel yield of the arrays....

37. The primordial inflation polarization explorer: science from circular polarization measurements

Author

Switzer, Eric, Ade, P., Benford, D. J., Bennett, C. L., Chuss, D. T., Dotson, J. L., Eimer, J., Fixsen, D. J., Halpern, M., Hinshaw, G. F., Irwin, K., Jhabvala, C., Johnson, B., Kogut, A. J., Lazear, J., Mirel, P., Moseley, S. H., Staguhn, J., Tucker, C. E., Weston, A., Wollack, E., Switzer, Eric, Ade, P., Benford, D. J., Bennett, C. L., Chuss, D. T., Dotson, J. L., Eimer, J., Fixsen, D. J., Halpern, M., Hinshaw, G. F., Irwin, K., Jhabvala, C., Johnson, B., Kogut, A. J., Lazear, J., Mirel, P., Moseley, S. H., Staguhn, J., Tucker, C. E., Weston, A., and Wollack, E.

Abstract

The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) is a balloon-borne CMB polarimeter designed to constrain the B-mode signature of cosmological inflation. Sequential one-day flights from Northern- and Southern- Hemisphere sites will yield maps of Stokes I, Q, U and V at 200, 270, 350 and 600 GHz over 85% of the sky. The full optical path is cooled to 1.5 K by liquid helium in the ARCADE bucket dewar, and a variable-delay polarization modulator (VPM) at the front of the optics modulates the polarization response. Independent Q and U cameras each have two 32x40 Transition Edge Sensor array receivers. In addition to its primary inflationary science goal, PIPER will also measure the circular (Stokes V) polarization to a depth similar to that of the primary linear polarization. The circular polarization has received relatively little attention in large-area surveys, with constraints from the 1980’s and recent results by the Milan Polarimeter. Astrophysical circular polarization is generally tied to the presence of magnetic fields, either in relativistic plasmas or Zeeman splitting of resonances. These effects are thought to be undetectable at PIPER's frequencies and resolution, despite the depth. The expectation of a null result makes the deep Stokes V map a good cross-check for experimental systematics. More fundamentally, the fact that the sky is expected to be dark in Stokes V makes it a sector sensitive to processes such as Lorentz-violating terms in the standard model or magnetic fields in the CMB era.

38. Phase-controlled polarization modulators

Author

Holland, Wayne S., Chuss, David T., Wollack, Edward J., Novakova, G., Pisano, Giampaolo, Eimer, J. R., Moseley, S. H., Krejny, M., U-Yen, K., Holland, Wayne S., Chuss, David T., Wollack, Edward J., Novakova, G., Pisano, Giampaolo, Eimer, J. R., Moseley, S. H., Krejny, M., and U-Yen, K.

Abstract

We report technology development of millimeter/submillimeter polarization modulators that operate by introducing a variable, controlled phase delay between two orthogonal polarization states. The variable-delay polarization modulator (VPM) operates via the introduction of a variable phase delay between two linear orthogonal polarization states, resulting in a variable mapping of a single linear polarization into a combination of that Stokes parameter and circular (Stokes V) polarization. Characterization of a prototype VPM is presented at 350 and 3000 microns. We also describe a modulator in which a variable phase delay is introduced between right- and left- circular polarization states. In this architecture, linear polarization is fully modulated. Each of these devices consists of a polarization diplexer parallel to and in front of a movable mirror. Modulation involves sub-wavelength translations of the mirror that change the magnitude of the phase delay.

39. Current status of the PIPER experiment

Author

Johnson, Bradley, Ade, Peter A. R., Benford, D., Bennett, C., Chuss, D., Dotson, J., Eimer, J., Fixsen, D., Halpern, M, Hilton, G., Hinderks, J., Hinshaw, G., Irwin, K., Jethava, N., Jhabvala, C., Kogut, A., Lazear, J., Lowe, L., Miller, T., Mirel, P., Moseley, H., Rodriguez, S., Rostem, K., Sharp, E., Staguhn, J., Tucker, Carole Elizabeth, Voellmer, G., Wollack, E., Zeng, L., Johnson, Bradley, Ade, Peter A. R., Benford, D., Bennett, C., Chuss, D., Dotson, J., Eimer, J., Fixsen, D., Halpern, M, Hilton, G., Hinderks, J., Hinshaw, G., Irwin, K., Jethava, N., Jhabvala, C., Kogut, A., Lazear, J., Lowe, L., Miller, T., Mirel, P., Moseley, H., Rodriguez, S., Rostem, K., Sharp, E., Staguhn, J., Tucker, Carole Elizabeth, Voellmer, G., Wollack, E., and Zeng, L.

Abstract

The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) is a balloon-borne instrument to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background in search of the expected signature of primordial gravity waves excited during an inflationary epoch shortly after the Big Bang. PIPER consists of two co-aligned telescopes, one sensitive to the Q Stokes parameter and the other to U. Sky signals will be detected with 5120 transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers distributed in four rectangular close-packed arrays maintained at 100 mK. To maximize the sensitivity of the instrument, both telescopes are mounted within a single open bucket dewar and are maintained at 1.5 K throughout flight, with no ambient-temperature windows between the sky and the detectors. To mitigate the effects of systematic errors, the polarized sky signals will be modulated using a variable-delay polarization modulator. PIPER will observe at frequencies 200, 270, 350, and 600 GHz to separate the CMB from polarized dust emission within the Galaxy. A series of flights alternating between northern and southern hemisphere launch sites will produce nearly full-sky maps in Stokes I, Q, U, and V. I will discuss the current status and potential science returns from the PIPER project.

40. PIPER: Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer

Author

Lazear, J., Benford, D., Chuss, D., Fixsen, D., Hinderks, J., Hinshaw, G., Jhabvala, C., Johnson, B., Kogut, A., Mirel, P., Mosely, H., Staghun, J., Wollack, E., Weston, A., Vlahacos, K., Bennett, C., Eimer, J., Halpern, M., Irwin, K., Dotson, J., Ade, Peter A. R., Tucker, Carole Elizabeth, Lazear, J., Benford, D., Chuss, D., Fixsen, D., Hinderks, J., Hinshaw, G., Jhabvala, C., Johnson, B., Kogut, A., Mirel, P., Mosely, H., Staghun, J., Wollack, E., Weston, A., Vlahacos, K., Bennett, C., Eimer, J., Halpern, M., Irwin, K., Dotson, J., Ade, Peter A. R., and Tucker, Carole Elizabeth

Abstract

The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) is a balloon-borne instrument to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background in search of the expected signature of primordial gravity waves excited during an inflationary epoch shortly after the Big Bang. PIPER consists of two co-aligned telescopes, one sensitive to the Q Stokes parameter and the other to U. Sky signals will be detected with 5120 transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers distributed in four rectangular close-packed arrays maintained at 100 mK. To maximize the sensitivity of the instrument, both telescopes are mounted within a single open bucket dewar and are maintained at 1.5 K throughout flight, with no ambient-temperature windows between the sky and the detectors. To mitigate the effects of systematic errors, the polarized sky signals will be modulated using a variable-delay polarization modulator. PIPER will observe at frequencies 200, 270, 350, and 600 GHz to separate the CMB from polarized dust emission within the Galaxy. A series of flights alternating between northern and southern hemisphere launch sites will produce nearly full-sky maps in Stokes I, Q, U, and V. I will discuss the current status and potential science returns from the PIPER project.

41. Current status of the PIPER experiment

Author

Johnson, Bradley, Ade, Peter A. R., Benford, D., Bennett, C., Chuss, D., Dotson, J., Eimer, J., Fixsen, D., Halpern, M, Hilton, G., Hinderks, J., Hinshaw, G., Irwin, K., Jethava, N., Jhabvala, C., Kogut, A., Lazear, J., Lowe, L., Miller, T., Mirel, P., Moseley, H., Rodriguez, S., Rostem, K., Sharp, E., Staguhn, J., Tucker, Carole Elizabeth, Voellmer, G., Wollack, E., Zeng, L., Johnson, Bradley, Ade, Peter A. R., Benford, D., Bennett, C., Chuss, D., Dotson, J., Eimer, J., Fixsen, D., Halpern, M, Hilton, G., Hinderks, J., Hinshaw, G., Irwin, K., Jethava, N., Jhabvala, C., Kogut, A., Lazear, J., Lowe, L., Miller, T., Mirel, P., Moseley, H., Rodriguez, S., Rostem, K., Sharp, E., Staguhn, J., Tucker, Carole Elizabeth, Voellmer, G., Wollack, E., and Zeng, L.

Abstract

The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) is a balloon-borne instrument to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background in search of the expected signature of primordial gravity waves excited during an inflationary epoch shortly after the Big Bang. PIPER consists of two co-aligned telescopes, one sensitive to the Q Stokes parameter and the other to U. Sky signals will be detected with 5120 transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers distributed in four rectangular close-packed arrays maintained at 100 mK. To maximize the sensitivity of the instrument, both telescopes are mounted within a single open bucket dewar and are maintained at 1.5 K throughout flight, with no ambient-temperature windows between the sky and the detectors. To mitigate the effects of systematic errors, the polarized sky signals will be modulated using a variable-delay polarization modulator. PIPER will observe at frequencies 200, 270, 350, and 600 GHz to separate the CMB from polarized dust emission within the Galaxy. A series of flights alternating between northern and southern hemisphere launch sites will produce nearly full-sky maps in Stokes I, Q, U, and V. I will discuss the current status and potential science returns from the PIPER project.

42. PIPER: Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer

Author

Lazear, J., Benford, D., Chuss, D., Fixsen, D., Hinderks, J., Hinshaw, G., Jhabvala, C., Johnson, B., Kogut, A., Mirel, P., Mosely, H., Staghun, J., Wollack, E., Weston, A., Vlahacos, K., Bennett, C., Eimer, J., Halpern, M., Irwin, K., Dotson, J., Ade, Peter A. R., Tucker, Carole Elizabeth, Lazear, J., Benford, D., Chuss, D., Fixsen, D., Hinderks, J., Hinshaw, G., Jhabvala, C., Johnson, B., Kogut, A., Mirel, P., Mosely, H., Staghun, J., Wollack, E., Weston, A., Vlahacos, K., Bennett, C., Eimer, J., Halpern, M., Irwin, K., Dotson, J., Ade, Peter A. R., and Tucker, Carole Elizabeth

Abstract

The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) is a balloon-borne instrument to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background in search of the expected signature of primordial gravity waves excited during an inflationary epoch shortly after the Big Bang. PIPER consists of two co-aligned telescopes, one sensitive to the Q Stokes parameter and the other to U. Sky signals will be detected with 5120 transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers distributed in four rectangular close-packed arrays maintained at 100 mK. To maximize the sensitivity of the instrument, both telescopes are mounted within a single open bucket dewar and are maintained at 1.5 K throughout flight, with no ambient-temperature windows between the sky and the detectors. To mitigate the effects of systematic errors, the polarized sky signals will be modulated using a variable-delay polarization modulator. PIPER will observe at frequencies 200, 270, 350, and 600 GHz to separate the CMB from polarized dust emission within the Galaxy. A series of flights alternating between northern and southern hemisphere launch sites will produce nearly full-sky maps in Stokes I, Q, U, and V. I will discuss the current status and potential science returns from the PIPER project.

46. CMB-S4

Author

Collaboration, The CMB-S4, Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme E., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Akerib, Daniel, Ali, Aamir, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A., Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S., Ashton, Peter, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bard, Debbie, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Bianchini, Federico, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bock, James J., Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly K., Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Brinckmann, Thejs, Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Caimapo, Carlos Hervias, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L., Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Coulton, Will, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, Delabrouille, Jacques, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dierickx, Marion, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Dunkley, Jo, Dvorkin, Cora, Eimer, Joseph, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Gullett, Ian, Gupta, Nikhel, Habib, Salman, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Hill, Charles, Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renée, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hoang, Thuong, Holder, Gil, Holzapfel, William, Hood, John, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hui, Howard, Irwin, Kent, Jeong, Oliver, Johnson, Bradley R., Jones, William C., Kang, Jae Hwan, Karkare, Kirit S., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Koopman, Brian J., Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lähteenmäki, Anne, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Loverde, Marilena, Lowitz, Amy, Lubin, Phil, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Marques, Gabriela, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, McCarrick, Heather, McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Menanteau, Felipe, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Monzani, Maria, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Newburgh, Laura, Niemack, Michael D., Nishino, Haruki, Nord, Brian, Novosad, Valentine, O'Brient, Roger, Padin, Stephen, Palladino, Steven, Partridge, Bruce, Petravick, Don, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pogosian, Levon, Prabhu, Karthik, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Rahlin, Alexandra, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John E., Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmitt, Benjamin, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Spergel, David, Germaine, Tyler St., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony, Starkman, Glenn D., Stompor, Radek, Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Thompson, Keith, Thorne, Ben, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Wagoner, Kasey, Wallisch, Benjamin, Wang, Gensheng, Watson, Scott, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yang, H. Y. Eric, Yasini, Siavash, Yefremenko, Volodymyr G., Yoon, Ki Won, Young, Edward, Yu, Cyndia, Zonca, Andrea, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CMB-S4, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and G, Cosmic Frontier, Abazajian, K, Addison, G, Adshead, P, Ahmed, Z, Akerib, D, Ali, A, Allen, S, Alonso, D, Alvarez, M, Amin, M, Anderson, A, Arnold, K, Ashton, P, Baccigalupi, C, Bard, D, Barkats, D, Barron, D, Barry, P, Bartlett, J, Basu Thakur, R, Battaglia, N, Bean, R, Bebek, C, Bender, A, Benson, B, Bianchini, F, Bischoff, C, Bleem, L, Bock, J, Bocquet, S, Boddy, K, Richard Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Brinckmann, T, Brown, M, Bryan, S, Buza, V, Byrum, K, Hervias Caimapo, C, Calabrese, E, Calafut, V, Caldwell, R, Carlstrom, J, Carron, J, Cecil, T, Challinor, A, Chang, C, Chinone, Y, Sherry Cho, H, Cooray, A, Coulton, W, Crawford, T, Crites, A, Cukierman, A, Cyr-Racine, F, De Haan, T, Delabrouille, J, Devlin, M, Di Valentino, E, Dierickx, M, Dobbs, M, Duff, S, Dvorkin, C, Eimer, J, Elleflot, T, Errard, J, Essinger-Hileman, T, Fabbian, G, Feng, C, Ferraro, S, Filippini, J, Flauger, R, Flaugher, B, Fraisse, A, Frolov, A, Galitzki, N, Gallardo, P, Galli, S, Ganga, K, Gerbino, M, Gluscevic, V, Goeckner-Wald, N, Green, D, Grin, D, Grohs, E, Gualtieri, R, Gudmundsson, J, Gullett, I, Gupta, N, Habib, S, Halpern, M, Halverson, N, Hanany, S, Harrington, K, Hasegawa, M, Hasselfield, M, Hazumi, M, Heitmann, K, Henderson, S, Hensley, B, Hill, C, Colin Hill, J, Hlozek, R, Patty Ho, S, Hoang, T, Holder, G, Holzapfel, W, Hood, J, Hubmayr, J, Huffenberger, K, Hui, H, Irwin, K, Jeong, O, Johnson, B, Jones, W, Hwan Kang, J, Karkare, K, Katayama, N, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Knox, L, Koopman, B, Kosowsky, A, Kovac, J, Kovetz, E, Kuhlmann, S, Kuo, C, Kusaka, A, Lahteenmaki, A, Lawrence, C, Lee, A, Lewis, A, Li, D, Linder, E, Loverde, M, Lowitz, A, Lubin, P, Madhavacheril, M, Mantz, A, Marques, G, Matsuda, F, Mauskopf, P, Mccarrick, H, Mcmahon, J, Daniel Meerburg, P, Melin, J, Menanteau, F, Meyers, J, Millea, M, Mohr, J, Moncelsi, L, Monzani, M, Mroczkowski, T, Mukherjee, S, Nagy, J, Namikawa, T, Nati, F, Natoli, T, Newburgh, L, Niemack, M, Nishino, H, Nord, B, Novosad, V, O'Brient, R, Padin, S, Palladino, S, Partridge, B, Petravick, D, Pierpaoli, E, Pogosian, L, Prabhu, K, Pryke, C, Puglisi, G, Racine, B, Rahlin, A, Sathyanarayana Rao, M, Raveri, M, Reichardt, C, Remazeilles, M, Rocha, G, Roe, N, Roy, A, Ruhl, J, Salatino, M, Saliwanchik, B, Schaan, E, Schillaci, A, Schmitt, B, Schmittfull, M, Scott, D, Sehgal, N, Shandera, S, Sherwin, B, Shirokoff, E, Simon, S, Slosar, A, Spergel, D, S, T, Staggs, S, Stark, A, Starkman, G, Stompor, R, Stoughton, C, Suzuki, A, Tajima, O, Teply, G, Thompson, K, Thorne, B, Timbie, P, Tomasi, M, Tristram, M, Tucker, G, Umilta, C, Van Engelen, A, Vavagiakis, E, Vieira, J, Vieregg, A, Wagoner, K, Wallisch, B, Wang, G, Watson, S, Westbrook, B, Whitehorn, N, Wollack, E, Kimmy Wu, W, Xu, Z, Eric Yang, H, Yasini, S, Yefremenko, V, Won Yoon, K, Young, E, Yu, C, Zonca, A, University of California Irvine, Johns Hopkins University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Stanford University, University of Oxford, Rice University, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, University of California San Diego, International School for Advanced Studies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Harvard University, University of New Mexico, Argonne National Laboratory, Université Paris-Diderot, California Institute of Technology, Cornell University, University of Melbourne, University of Cincinnati, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, University of Toronto, UMR7095, Stony Brook University, University of Manchester, Arizona State University, Florida State University, Cardiff University, Dartmouth College, University of Geneva, University of Cambridge, The University of Tokyo, University of Groningen, University of Chicago, University of Pennsylvania, McGill University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, University of Sussex, Princeton University, Simon Fraser University, National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Haverford College, Stockholm University, Case Western Reserve University, University of British Columbia, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Simons Foundation, Columbia University, University of Virginia, University of California Davis, Yale University, University of Pittsburgh, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Service d'Astrophysique CEA, European Southern Observatory, Washington University St. Louis, University of Milan - Bicocca, University of Southern California, Institute for Advanced Studies, Pennsylvania State University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Kyoto University, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Milano, Université Paris-Saclay, Brown University, Syracuse University, University of California Los Angeles, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University

Subjects
Astrophysics and Astronomy, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Cosmology, CMB, Settore FIS/05, Space and Planetary Science, astro-ph.CO, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Galaxies and Cosmology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

CMB-S4---the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment---is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semi-analytic projection tool, targeted explicitly towards optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2--3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semi-analytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for $r > 0.003$ at greater than $5��$, or, in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of $r < 0.001$ at $95\%$ CL., 24 pages, 8 figures, 9 tables, submitted to ApJ. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1907.04473

Published
2022
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47. Tuberculosis in adult migrants in Europe: a TBnet consensus statement.

Author

Kunst H, Lange B, Hovardovska O, Bockey A, Zenner D, Andersen AB, Hargreaves S, Pareek M, Friedland JS, Wejse C, Bothamley G, Guglielmetti L, Chesov D, Tiberi S, Matteelli A, Mandalakas AM, Heyckendorf J, Eimer J, Malhotra A, Zamora J, Vasiliu A, and Lange C

Abstract

Introduction: Global migration has increased in recent decades due to war, conflict, persecutions, and natural disasters, but also secondary to increased opportunities related to work or study. Migrants' risk of tuberculosis (TB) differs by reasons for migration, socioeconomic status, mode of travel and TB risk in transit, TB incidence and healthcare provision in country of origin. Despite advances in TB care for migrants and new treatment strategies, decisions for the management of migrants at risk of TB often rely on expert opinions, rather than clinical evidence., Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted, studies were mapped to different recommendation groups and included studies were synthesized by meta-analysis where appropriate. Current evidence on diagnosis of active TB in migrants entering the European Union /European Economic Area (EU/EEA) &UK including the clinical presentation and diagnostic delay, treatment outcomes of drug susceptible TB, prevalence and treatment outcomes of multidrug/rifampicin-resistant (MDR/RR)-TB and TB/HIV co-infection was summarised. A consensus process was used based on the evidence., Results: We document a higher vulnerability of migrants for TB, including an increased risk of extrapulmonary TB, MDR/RR-TB, TB/HIV co-infection and worse TB treatment outcomes compared to host populations. Consensus recommendations include screening of migrants for TB/ latent TB infection (LTBI) according to country data; a minimal package for TB care in drug susceptible and MDR/RR-TB; implementation of migrant-sensitive strategies; free healthcare and preventive treatment for migrants with HIV co-infection., Conclusion: Dedicated care for TB prevention and treatment in migrant populations within the EU/EEA &UK is essential., (Copyright ©The authors 2025.)

Published
2025
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48. Association Between Increased Linezolid Plasma Concentrations and the Development of Severe Toxicity in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment.

Author

Eimer J, Fréchet-Jachym M, Le Dû D, Caumes E, El-Helali N, Marigot-Outtandy D, Mechai F, Peytavin G, Pourcher V, Rioux C, Yazdanpanah Y, Robert J, and Guglielmetti L

Subjects
Humans, Linezolid adverse effects, Retrospective Studies, Drug Monitoring, Antitubercular Agents adverse effects, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant drug therapy
Abstract

Background: Treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis with linezolid is characterized by high rates of adverse events. Evidence on therapeutic drug monitoring to predict drug toxicity is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the association of linezolid trough concentrations with severe toxicity., Methods: We retrospectively assessed consecutive patients started on linezolid for MDR tuberculosis between 2011 and 2017. The primary outcome was severe mitochondrial toxicity (SMT) due to linezolid, defined as neurotoxicity or myelotoxicity leading to drug discontinuation. The impact of plasma linezolid trough concentrations >2 mg/L was assessed in multivariate Cox proportional hazards models including time-varying covariates., Results: SMT occurred in 57 of 146 included patients (39%) at an incidence rate of 0.38 per person-year (95% confidence interval, .30-.49). A maximum linezolid trough concentration >2 mg/L was detected in 52 patients (35.6%), while the mean trough concentration was >2 mg/L in 22 (15%). The adjusted hazard ratio for SMT was 2.35 (95% confidence interval, 1.26-4.38; P = .01) in patients with a mean trough concentration >2 mg/L and 2.63 (1.55-4.47; P < .01) for SMT after the first detection of a trough concentration >2 mg/L. In an exploratory analysis, higher maximum trough concentrations were dose-dependently associated with toxicity, while lowering elevated trough concentrations did not restore baseline risk., Conclusions: Linezolid trough concentrations >2 mg/L are strongly associated with the development of severe treatment-emergent toxicity in patients treated for MDR tuberculosis. Pending further prospective evidence, an individual risk-benefit assessment on the continuation of linezolid treatment is warranted in any patient with trough concentrations >2 mg/L., Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest. M. F. J. serves on the safety boards of the endTB (NCT 02754765) and endTB-Q (NCT 03896685) trials and has participated in prospective infectious sample collection for a study on tools for tuberculosis diagnosis (reference no. 18.12.27. 42115 for Cerba Xpert France). L. G. is a principal investigator in the aforementioned trials. G. P. has been a speaker for Gilead Sciences, Merck France, Pfizer, Takeda, Theratechnologies, and ViiV Healthcare and has received honoraria for lectures and presentations (payments to self). All other authors report no potential conflicts. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2023
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49. Spiroplasma ixodetis Infections in Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Patients after Tick Exposure, Sweden.

Author

Eimer J, Fernström L, Rohlén L, Grankvist A, Loo K, Nyman E, Henningsson AJ, Haglund M, Hultqvist V, Sjöwall J, Wennerås C, and Schön T

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Immunocompromised Host, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Spiroplasma, Sweden, Anaplasmosis diagnosis, Tick Bites, Ticks
Abstract

We report 2 cases of Spiroplasma ixodetis infection in an immunocompetent patient and an immunocompromised patient who had frequent tick exposure. Fever, thrombocytopenia, and increased liver aminotransferase levels raised the suspicion of anaplasmosis, but 16S rRNA PCR and Sanger sequencing yielded a diagnosis of spiroplasmosis. Both patients recovered after doxycycline treatment.

Published
2022
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50. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis imported into low-incidence countries-a GeoSentinel analysis, 2008-2020.

Author

Eimer J, Patimeteeporn C, Jensenius M, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Duvignaud A, Barnett ED, Hochberg NS, Chen LH, Trigo-Esteban E, Gertler M, Greenaway C, Grobusch MP, Angelo KM, Hamer DH, Caumes E, and Asgeirsson H

Subjects
Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Humans, Incidence, Travel, Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis drug therapy, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant drug therapy, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant epidemiology
Abstract

Background: Early detection of imported multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is crucial, but knowledge gaps remain about migration- and travel-associated MDR-TB epidemiology. The aim was to describe epidemiologic characteristics among international travellers and migrants with MDR-TB., Methods: Clinician-determined and microbiologically confirmed MDR-TB diagnoses deemed to be related to travel or migration were extracted from GeoSentinel, a global surveillance network of travel and tropical medicine clinics, from January 2008 through December 2020. MDR-TB was defined as resistance to both isoniazid and rifampicin. Additional resistance to either a fluoroquinolone or a second-line injectable drug was categorized as pre-extensively drug-resistant (pre-XDR) TB, and as extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB when resistance was detected for both. Sub-analyses were performed based on degree of resistance and country of origin., Results: Of 201 patients, 136 had MDR-TB (67.7%), 25 had XDR-TB (12.4%), 23 had pre-XDR TB (11.4%) and 17 had unspecified MDR- or XDR-TB (8.5%); 196 (97.5%) were immigrants, of which 92 (45.8%) originated from the former Soviet Union. The median interval from arrival to presentation was 154 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 10-751 days); 34.3% of patients presented within 1 month after immigration, 30.9% between 1 and 12 months and 34.9% after ≥1 year. Pre-XDR- and XDR-TB patients from the former Soviet Union other than Georgia presented earlier than those with MDR-TB (26 days [IQR: 8-522] vs. 369 days [IQR: 84-827]), while patients from Georgia presented very early, irrespective of the level of resistance (8 days [IQR: 2-18] vs. 2 days [IQR: 1-17])., Conclusions: MDR-TB is uncommon in traditional travellers. Purposeful medical migration may partly explain differences in time to presentation among different groups. Public health resources are needed to better understand factors contributing to cross-border MDR-TB spread and to develop strategies to optimize care of TB-infected patients in their home countries before migration., (© International Society of Travel Medicine 2021. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2021
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