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1. JWST View of Four Infant Galaxies at z = 8.31–8.49 in the MACS J0416.1−2403 Field and Implications for Reionization

Author

Zhiyuan Ma, Bangzheng Sun, Cheng Cheng, Haojing Yan, Chenxiaoji Ling, Fengwu Sun, Nicholas Foo, Eiichi Egami, José M. Diego, Seth H. Cohen, Rolf A. Jansen, Jake Summers, Rogier A. Windhorst, Jordan C. J. D’Silva, Anton M. Koekemoer, Dan Coe, Christopher J. Conselice, Simon P. Driver, Brenda Frye, Norman A. Grogin, Madeline A. Marshall, Mario Nonino, Rafael Ortiz III, Nor Pirzkal, Aaron Robotham, Russell E. Ryan Jr, Christopher N. A. Willmer, Nathan J. Adams, Nimish P. Hathi, Hervé Dole, S. P. Willner, Daniel Espada, Lukas J. Furtak, Tiger Yu-Yang Hsiao, Qiong Li, Wenlei Chen, Jean-Baptiste Jolly, and Chian-Chou Chen

Subjects
Reionization, Early universe, High-redshift galaxies, Galaxy ages, Galaxy spectroscopy, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

New JWST/NIRCam wide-field slitless spectroscopy provides redshifts for four z > 8 galaxies located behind the lensing cluster MACS J0416.1−2403. Two of them, “Y1” and “JD,” have previously reported spectroscopic redshifts based on Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array measurements of [O iii ] 88 μ m and/or [C ii ] 157.7 μ m lines. Y1 is a merging system of three components, and the existing redshift z = 8.31 is confirmed. However, JD is at z = 8.34 instead of the previously claimed z = 9.28. JD’s close companion, “JD-N,” which was a previously discovered z > 8 candidate, is now identified at the same redshift as JD. JD and JD-N form an interacting pair. A new candidate at z > 8, “f090d_018,” is also confirmed and is at z = 8.49. These four objects are likely part of an overdensity that signposts a large structure extending ∼165 kpc in projected distance and ∼48.7 Mpc in radial distance. They are magnified by less than 1 mag and have an intrinsic M _UV ranging from −19.57 to −20.83 mag. Their spectral energy distributions show that the galaxies are all very young with ages ∼ 4–18 Myr and stellar masses of about 10 ^7–8 M _⊙ . These infant galaxies have very different star formation rates ranging from a few to over a hundred solar masses per year, but only two of them (JD and f090d_018) have blue rest-frame UV slopes β < −2.0 indicative of a high Lyman-continuum photon escape fraction that could contribute significantly to the cosmic hydrogen-reionizing background. Interestingly, these two galaxies are the least massive and least active ones among the four. The other two systems have much flatter UV slopes largely because of their high dust extinction ( A _V = 0.9–1.0 mag). Their much lower indicated escape fractions show that even very young, actively star-forming galaxies can have a negligible contribution to reionization when they quickly form dust throughout their bodies.

Published
2024
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2. JADES + JEMS: A Detailed Look at the Buildup of Central Stellar Cores and Suppression of Star Formation in Galaxies at Redshifts 3 < z < 4.5

Author

Zhiyuan Ji, Christina C. Williams, Sandro Tacchella, Katherine A. Suess, William M. Baker, Stacey Alberts, Andrew J. Bunker, Benjamin D. Johnson, Brant Robertson, Fengwu Sun, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Marcia Rieke, Michael V. Maseda, Kevin Hainline, Ryan Hausen, George Rieke, Christopher N. A. Willmer, Eiichi Egami, Irene Shivaei, Stefano Carniani, Stephane Charlot, Jacopo Chevallard, Emma Curtis-Lake, Tobias J. Looser, Roberto Maiolino, Chris Willott, Zuyi Chen, Jakob M. Helton, Jianwei Lyu, Erica Nelson, Rachana Bhatawdekar, Kristan Boyett, and Lester Sandles

Subjects
Galaxy formation, Galaxy evolution, Galaxy quenching, Galaxy structure, High-redshift galaxies, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We present a spatially resolved study of stellar populations in six galaxies with stellar masses M _* ∼ 10 ^10 M _☉ at z ∼ 3.7 using 14-filter James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JADES and JEMS surveys. The six galaxies are visually selected to have clumpy substructures with distinct colors over rest frame 3600−4100 Å, including a red, dominant stellar core that is close to their stellar-light centroids. With 23-filter photometry from the Hubble Space Telescope to JWST, we measure the stellar-population properties of individual structural components via spectral energy distribution fitting using Prospector . We find that the central stellar cores are ≳2 times more massive than the Toomre mass, indicating they may not form via single in situ fragmentation. The stellar cores have stellar ages of 0.4−0.7 Gyr that are similar to the timescale of clump inward migration due to dynamical friction, suggesting that they likely instead formed through the coalescence of giant stellar clumps. While they have not yet quenched, the six galaxies are below the star-forming main sequence by 0.2−0.7 dex. Within each galaxy, we find that the specific star formation rate is lower in the central stellar core, and the stellar-mass surface density of the core is already similar to quenched galaxies of the same masses and redshifts. Meanwhile, the stellar ages of the cores are either comparable to or younger than the extended, smooth parts of the galaxies. Our findings are consistent with model predictions of the gas-rich compaction scenario for the buildup of galaxies’ central regions at high redshifts. We are likely witnessing the coeval formation of dense central cores, along with the onset of galaxy-wide quenching at z > 3.

Published
2024
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3. Identification of High-redshift Galaxy Overdensities in GOODS-N and GOODS-S

Author

Jakob M. Helton, Fengwu Sun, Charity Woodrum, Kevin N. Hainline, Christopher N. A. Willmer, Marcia J. Rieke, George H. Rieke, Stacey Alberts, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Sandro Tacchella, Brant Robertson, Benjamin D. Johnson, William M. Baker, Rachana Bhatawdekar, Andrew J. Bunker, Zuyi Chen, Eiichi Egami, Zhiyuan Ji, Roberto Maiolino, Chris Willott, and Joris Witstok

Subjects
Early universe, Galaxy evolution, Galaxy formation, High-redshift galaxies, High-redshift galaxy clusters, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We conduct a systematic search for high-redshift galaxy overdensities at 4.9 < z _spec < 8.9 in both the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS)-N and GOODS-S fields using James Webb Space Telescope/Near-Infrared Camera (JWST/NIRCam) imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey and JWST Extragalactic Medium-band Survey in addition to JWST/NIRCam wide field slitless spectroscopy from the First Reionization Epoch Spectroscopic Complete Survey. High-redshift galaxy candidates are identified using Hubble Space Telescope + JWST photometry spanning λ = 0.4–5.0 μ m. We confirmed the redshifts for roughly a third of these galaxies using JWST spectroscopy over λ = 3.9–5.0 μ m through identification of either H α or $\left[\mathrm{OIII}\right]\lambda 5008$ around the best-fit photometric redshift. The rest-ultraviolet magnitudes and continuum slopes of these galaxies were inferred from the photometry: the brightest and reddest objects appear in more dense environments and thus are surrounded by more galaxy neighbors than their fainter and bluer counterparts, suggesting accelerated galaxy evolution within overdense environments. We find 17 significant ( δ _gal ≥ 3.04, N _gal ≥ 4) galaxy overdensities across both fields (seven in GOODS-N and 10 in GOODS-S), including the two highest redshift spectroscopically confirmed galaxy overdensities to date at $\left\langle {z}_{\mathrm{spec}}\right\rangle =7.954$ and $\left\langle {z}_{\mathrm{spec}}\right\rangle =8.222$ (representing densities around ∼6 and ∼12 times that of a random volume). We estimate the total halo mass of these large-scale structures to be $11.5\leqslant {\mathrm{log}}_{10}\left({M}_{\mathrm{halo}}/{M}_{\odot }\right)\leqslant 13.4$ using an empirical stellar mass-to-halo mass relation, which are likely underestimates as a result of incompleteness. These protocluster candidates are expected to evolve into massive galaxy clusters with ${\mathrm{log}}_{10}\left({M}_{\mathrm{halo}}/{M}_{\odot }\right)\gtrsim 14$ by z = 0.

Published
2024
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4. Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density 300 Myr after the Big Bang

Author

Brant Robertson, Benjamin D. Johnson, Sandro Tacchella, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Kevin Hainline, Santiago Arribas, William M. Baker, Andrew J. Bunker, Stefano Carniani, Phillip A. Cargile, Courtney Carreira, Stephane Charlot, Jacopo Chevallard, Mirko Curti, Emma Curtis-Lake, Francesco D’Eugenio, Eiichi Egami, Ryan Hausen, Jakob M. Helton, Peter Jakobsen, Zhiyuan Ji, Gareth C. Jones, Roberto Maiolino, Michael V. Maseda, Erica Nelson, Pablo G. Pérez-González, Dávid Puskás, Marcia Rieke, Renske Smit, Fengwu Sun, Hannah Übler, Lily Whitler, Christina C. Williams, Christopher N. A. Willmer, Chris Willott, and Joris Witstok

Subjects
Early universe, Galaxy formation, Galaxy evolution, High-redshift galaxies, Reionization, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field, the deepest imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of ancillary Hubble Space Telescope optical images (five filters spanning 0.4–0.9 μ m) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5 μ m, including seven medium-band filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hr per filter. We combine all our data at >2.3 μ m to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈31.4 AB mag in the stack and 30.3–31.0 AB mag (5 σ , r = 0.″1 circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts z = 11.5−15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R _1/2 ∼ 50−200 pc, stellar masses of M _⋆ ∼ 10 ^7 −10 ^8 M _☉ , and star formation rates ∼ 0.1−1 M _☉ yr ^−1 . Our search finds no candidates at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward-modeling approach to infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the impact of nondetections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results, and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼2.5 from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.

Published
2024
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5. The Galaxies Missed by Hubble and ALMA: The Contribution of Extremely Red Galaxies to the Cosmic Census at 3 < z < 8

Author

Christina C. Williams, Stacey Alberts, Zhiyuan Ji, Kevin N. Hainline, Jianwei Lyu, George Rieke, Ryan Endsley, Katherine A. Suess, Fengwu Sun, Benjamin D. Johnson, Michael Florian, Irene Shivaei, Wiphu Rujopakarn, William M. Baker, Rachana Bhatawdekar, Kristan Boyett, Andrew J. Bunker, Alex J. Cameron, Stefano Carniani, Stephane Charlot, Emma Curtis-Lake, Christa DeCoursey, Anna de Graaff, Eiichi Egami, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Justus L. Gibson, Ryan Hausen, Jakob M. Helton, Roberto Maiolino, Michael V. Maseda, Erica J. Nelson, Pablo G. Pérez-González, Marcia J. Rieke, Brant E. Robertson, Aayush Saxena, Sandro Tacchella, Christopher N. A. Willmer, and Chris J. Willott

Subjects
High-redshift galaxies, Active galaxies, AGN host galaxies, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

Using deep JWST imaging from JADES, JEMS, and SMILES, we characterize optically faint and extremely red galaxies at z > 3 that were previously missing from galaxy census estimates. The data indicate the existence of abundant, dusty, and poststarburst-like galaxies down to 10 ^8 M _⊙ , below the sensitivity limit of Spitzer and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Modeling the NIRCam and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry of these red sources can result in extremely high values for both stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR); however, including seven MIRI filters out to 21 μ m results in decreased masses (median 0.6 dex for ${{\rm{log}}}_{10}({M}^{\ast }/{M}_{\odot })$ > 10) and SFRs (median 10× for SFR > 100 M _⊙ yr ^−1 ). At z > 6, our sample includes a high fraction of “little red dots” (LRDs; NIRCam-selected dust-reddened active galactic nucleus (AGN) candidates). We significantly measure older stellar populations in the LRDs out to rest-frame 3 μ m (the stellar bump) and rule out a dominant contribution from hot dust emission, a signature of AGN contamination to stellar population measurements. This allows us to measure their contribution to the cosmic census at z > 3, below the typical detection limits of ALMA ( L _IR < 10 ^12 L _⊙ ). We find that these sources, which are overwhelmingly missed by HST and ALMA, could effectively double the obscured fraction of the star formation rate density at 4 < z < 6 compared to some estimates, showing that prior to JWST, the obscured contribution from fainter sources could be underestimated. Finally, we identify five sources with evidence for Balmer breaks and high stellar masses at 5.5 < z < 7.7. While spectroscopy is required to determine their nature, we discuss possible measurement systematics to explore with future data.

Published
2024
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6. What Is the Nature of Little Red Dots and what Is Not, MIRI SMILES Edition

Author

Pablo G. Pérez-González, Guillermo Barro, George H. Rieke, Jianwei Lyu, Marcia Rieke, Stacey Alberts, Christina C. Williams, Kevin Hainline, Fengwu Sun, Dávid Puskás, Marianna Annunziatella, William M. Baker, Andrew J. Bunker, Eiichi Egami, Zhiyuan Ji, Benjamin D. Johnson, Brant Robertson, Bruno Rodríguez Del Pino, Wiphu Rujopakarn, Irene Shivaei, Sandro Tacchella, Christopher N. A. Willmer, and Chris Willott

Subjects
Galaxy formation, Galaxy evolution, High-redshift galaxies, Galaxy stellar content, Stellar populations, Broad band photometry, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We study 31 little red dots (LRD) detected by JADES/NIRCam and covered by the SMILES/MIRI survey, of which ∼70% are detected in the two bluest MIRI bands and 40% in redder MIRI filters. The median/quartiles redshifts are $z={6.9}_{5.9}^{7.7}$ (55% spectroscopic). The spectral slopes flatten in the rest-frame near-infrared, consistent with a 1.6 μ m stellar bump but bluer than direct pure emission from active galactic nuclei (AGN) tori. The apparent dominance of stellar emission at these wavelengths for many LRDs expedites stellar mass estimation: the median/quartiles are $\mathrm{log}{M}_{\star }/{M}_{\odot }={9.4}_{9.1}^{9.7}$ . The number density of LRDs is 10 ^−4.0±0.1 Mpc ^−3 , accounting for 14% ± 3% of the global population of galaxies with similar redshifts and masses. The rest-frame near-/mid-infrared (2–4 μ m) spectral slope reveals significant amounts of warm dust (bolometric attenuation ∼3–4 mag). Our spectral energy distribution modeling implies the presence of 10 mag. We find a wide variety in the nature of LRDs. However, the best-fitting models for many of them correspond to extremely intense and compact starburst galaxies with mass-weighted ages 5–10 Myr, very efficient in producing dust, with their global energy output dominated by the direct (in the flat rest-frame ultraviolet and optical spectral range) and dust-recycled emission from OB stars with some contribution from an obscured AGN (in the infrared).

Published
2024
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7. Active Galactic Nuclei Selection and Demographics: A New Age with JWST/MIRI

Author

Jianwei Lyu, Stacey Alberts, George H. Rieke, Irene Shivaei, Pablo G. Pérez-González, Fengwu Sun, Kevin N. Hainline, Stefi Baum, Nina Bonaventura, Andrew J. Bunker, Eiichi Egami, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Michael Florian, Zhiyuan Ji, Benjamin D. Johnson, Jane Morrison, Marcia Rieke, Brant Robertson, Wiphu Rujopakarn, Sandro Tacchella, Jan Scholtz, and Christopher N. A. Willmer

Subjects
Active galactic nuclei, Infrared galaxies, James Webb Space Telescope, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

Understanding the coevolution of supermassive black holes and their host systems requires a comprehensive census of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) behavior across a wide range of redshift, luminosity, obscuration level, and galaxy properties. We report significant progress with JWST toward this goal from the Systematic Mid-infrared Instrument Legacy Extragalactic Survey (SMILES). Based on comprehensive spectral energy distribution (SED) analysis of 3273 MIRI-detected sources, we identify 217 AGN candidates over a survey area of ∼34 arcmin ^2 , including a primary sample of 111 AGNs in normal massive galaxies ( M _* > 10 ^9.5 M _☉ ) at z ∼ 0–4, an extended sample of 86 AGN candidates in low-mass galaxies ( M _* < 10 ^9.5 M _☉ ), and a high- z sample of 20 AGN candidates at z ∼ 4–8.4. Notably, about 80% of our MIRI-selected AGN candidates are new discoveries despite the extensive pre-JWST AGN searches. Even among the massive galaxies where the previous AGN search is believed to be thorough, 34% of the MIRI AGN identifications are new, highlighting the impact of obscuration on previous selections. By combining our results with the efforts at other wavelengths, we build the most complete AGN sample to date and examine the relative performance of different selection techniques. We find the obscured AGN fraction increases from L _AGN,bol ∼ 10 ^10 L _⊙ to 10 ^11 L _⊙ and then drops toward higher luminosity. Additionally, the obscured AGN fraction gradually increases from z ∼ 0 to z ∼ 4 with most high- z AGNs obscured. We discuss how AGN obscuration, intrinsic SED variations, galaxy contamination, survey depth, and selection techniques complicate the construction of a complete AGN sample.

Published
2024
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8. The Cosmos in Its Infancy: JADES Galaxy Candidates at z > 8 in GOODS-S and GOODS-N

Author

Kevin N. Hainline, Benjamin D. Johnson, Brant Robertson, Sandro Tacchella, Jakob M. Helton, Fengwu Sun, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Charlotte Simmonds, Michael W. Topping, Lily Whitler, Christopher N. A. Willmer, Marcia Rieke, Katherine A. Suess, Raphael E. Hviding, Alex J. Cameron, Stacey Alberts, William M. Baker, Stefi Baum, Rachana Bhatawdekar, Nina Bonaventura, Kristan Boyett, Andrew J. Bunker, Stefano Carniani, Stephane Charlot, Jacopo Chevallard, Zuyi Chen, Mirko Curti, Emma Curtis-Lake, Francesco D’Eugenio, Eiichi Egami, Ryan Endsley, Ryan Hausen, Zhiyuan Ji, Tobias J. Looser, Jianwei Lyu, Roberto Maiolino, Erica Nelson, Dávid Puskás, Tim Rawle, Lester Sandles, Aayush Saxena, Renske Smit, Daniel P. Stark, Christina C. Williams, Chris Willott, and Joris Witstok

Subjects
Extragalactic astronomy, Redshift surveys, James Webb Space Telescope, High-redshift galaxies, Galaxies, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We present a catalog of 717 candidate galaxies at z > 8 selected from 125 square arcmin of NIRCam imaging as part of the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES). We combine the full JADES imaging data set with data from the JWST Extragalactic Medium Survey and First Reionization Epoch Spectroscopic COmplete Survey (FRESCO) along with extremely deep existing observations from Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) for a final filter set that includes 15 JWST/NIRCam filters and five HST/ACS filters. The high-redshift galaxy candidates were selected from their estimated photometric redshifts calculated using a template-fitting approach, followed by visual inspection from seven independent reviewers. We explore these candidates in detail, highlighting interesting resolved or extended sources, sources with very red long-wavelength slopes, and our highest-redshift candidates, which extend to z _phot ∼ 18. Over 93% of the sources are newly identified from our deep JADES imaging, including 31 new galaxy candidates at z _phot > 12. We also investigate potential contamination by stellar objects, and do not find strong evidence from spectral energy distribution fitting that these faint high-redshift galaxy candidates are low-mass stars. Using 42 sources in our sample with measured spectroscopic redshifts from NIRSpec and FRESCO, we find excellent agreement to our photometric redshift estimates, with no catastrophic outliers and an average difference of 〈Δ z = z _phot − z _spec 〉 = 0.26. These sources comprise one of the most robust samples for probing the early buildup of galaxies within the first few hundred million years of the Universe’s history.

Published
2024
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9. The JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey: Discovery of an Extreme Galaxy Overdensity at z = 5.4 with JWST/NIRCam in GOODS-S

Author

Jakob M. Helton, Fengwu Sun, Charity Woodrum, Kevin N. Hainline, Christopher N. A. Willmer, George H. Rieke, Marcia J. Rieke, Sandro Tacchella, Brant Robertson, Benjamin D. Johnson, Stacey Alberts, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Ryan Hausen, Nina R. Bonaventura, Andrew Bunker, Stephane Charlot, Mirko Curti, Emma Curtis-Lake, Tobias J. Looser, Roberto Maiolino, Chris Willott, Joris Witstok, Kristan Boyett, Zuyi Chen, Eiichi Egami, Ryan Endsley, Raphael E. Hviding, Daniel T. Jaffe, Zhiyuan Ji, Jianwei Lyu, and Lester Sandles

Subjects
Early universe, Galaxy evolution, Galaxy formation, High-redshift galaxies, High-redshift galaxy clusters, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We report the discovery of an extreme galaxy overdensity at z = 5.4 in the GOODS-S field using James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from JADES and JEMS alongside JWST/NIRCam wide-field slitless spectroscopy from FRESCO. We identified potential members of the overdensity using Hubble Space Telescope+JWST photometry spanning λ = 0.4–5.0 μ m. These data provide accurate and well-constrained photometric redshifts down to m ≈ 29–30 mag. We subsequently confirmed N = 81 galaxies at 5.2 < z < 5.5 using JWST slitless spectroscopy over λ = 3.9–5.0 μ m through a targeted line search for H α around the best-fit photometric redshift. We verified that N = 42 of these galaxies reside in the field, while N = 39 galaxies reside in a density around ∼10 times that of a random volume. Stellar populations for these galaxies were inferred from the photometry and used to construct the star-forming main sequence, where protocluster members appeared more massive and exhibited earlier star formation (and thus older stellar populations) when compared to their field galaxy counterparts. We estimate the total halo mass of this large-scale structure to be $12.6\lesssim {\mathrm{log}}_{10}\left({M}_{\mathrm{halo}}/{M}_{\odot }\right)\lesssim 12.8$ using an empirical stellar mass to halo mass relation, which is likely an underestimate as a result of incompleteness. Our discovery demonstrates the power of JWST at constraining dark matter halo assembly and galaxy formation at very early cosmic times.

Published
2024
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10. JADES: Resolving the Stellar Component and Filamentary Overdense Environment of Hubble Space Telescope (HST)-dark Submillimeter Galaxy HDF850.1 at z = 5.18

Author

Fengwu Sun, Jakob M. Helton, Eiichi Egami, Kevin N. Hainline, George H. Rieke, Christopher N. A. Willmer, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Benjamin D. Johnson, Marcia J. Rieke, Brant Robertson, Sandro Tacchella, Stacey Alberts, William M. Baker, Rachana Bhatawdekar, Kristan Boyett, Andrew J. Bunker, Stephane Charlot, Zuyi Chen, Jacopo Chevallard, Emma Curtis-Lake, A. Lola Danhaive, Christa DeCoursey, Zhiyuan Ji, Jianwei Lyu, Roberto Maiolino, Wiphu Rujopakarn, Lester Sandles, Irene Shivaei, Hannah Übler, Chris Willott, and Joris Witstok

Subjects
High-redshift galaxies, Luminous infrared galaxies, Ultraluminous infrared galaxies, Galaxy evolution, James Webb Space Telescope, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

HDF850.1 is the brightest submillimeter galaxy (SMG) in the Hubble Deep Field. It is known as a heavily dust-obscured star-forming galaxy embedded in an overdense environment at z = 5.18. With nine-band NIRCam images at 0.8–5.0 μ m obtained through the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey, we detect and resolve the rest-frame UV–optical counterpart of HDF850.1, which splits into two components because of heavy dust obscuration in the center. The southern component leaks UV and H α photons, bringing the galaxy ∼100 times above the empirical relation between infrared excess and UV continuum slope (IRX– β _UV ). The northern component is higher in dust attenuation and thus fainter in UV and H α surface brightness. We construct a spatially resolved dust-attenuation map from the NIRCam images, well matched with the dust continuum emission obtained through millimeter interferometry. The whole system hosts a stellar mass of 10 ^10.8±0.1 M _⊙ and star formation rate (SFR) of 10 ^2.8±0.2 M _⊙ yr ^−1 , placing the galaxy at the massive end of the star-forming main sequence at this epoch. We further confirm that HDF850.1 resides in a complex overdense environment at z = 5.17–5.30, which hosts another luminous SMG at z = 5.30 (GN10). The filamentary structures of the overdensity are characterized by 109 H α -emitting galaxies confirmed through NIRCam slitless spectroscopy at 3.9–5 μ m, of which only eight were known before the JWST observations. Given the existence of a similar galaxy overdensity in the GOODS-S field, our results suggest that 50% ± 20% of the cosmic star formation at z = 5.1–5.5 occur in protocluster environments.

Published
2024
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11. The Mass–Metallicity Relation of Dwarf Galaxies at Cosmic Noon from JWST Observations

Author

Mingyu Li, Zheng Cai, Fuyan Bian, Xiaojing Lin, Zihao Li, Yunjing Wu, Fengwu Sun, Shiwu Zhang, Emmet Golden-Marx, Zechang Sun, Siwei Zou, Xiaohui Fan, Eiichi Egami, Stephane Charlot, Gustavo Bruzual, and Jacopo Chevallard

Subjects
Galaxy abundances, Interstellar medium, Galaxy evolution, High-redshift galaxies, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We present a study of the mass–metallicity relation (MZR) of 51 dwarf galaxies ( M _⋆ ≈ 10 ^6.5 –10 ^9.5 M _⊙ ) at z = 2–3 from the A2744 and SMACS J0723-3732 galaxy cluster fields. These dwarf galaxies are identified and confirmed by deep JWST/NIRISS imaging and slitless grism spectroscopic observations. By taking advantage of the superior performance of JWST and the gravitational lensing effect, we extend the previous MZR relation at z = 2–3 to a much lower-mass regime down by ≈2.5 orders of magnitude as compared with previous studies. We find that the MZR has a shallower slope at the low-mass end ( M _⋆ < 10 ^9 M _⊙ ), with a slope turnover point of ≈10 ^9 M _⊙ . This implies that the dominating feedback processes in dwarf galaxies may be different from that in massive galaxies. From z = 3, to z = 2, the metallicity of the dwarf galaxies is enhanced by ≈0.09 dex for a given stellar mass, consistent with the mild evolution found in galaxies with higher mass. Furthermore, we confirm the existence of a fundamental metallicity relation (FMR) between the gas-phase metallicity, stellar mass, and star formation rate in dwarf galaxies at z = 2–3. Our derived FMR, which has no significant redshift evolution, can be used as a benchmark to understand the origin of the anticorrelation between the star formation rate and metallicity of dwarf galaxies in the high- z Universe.

Published
2023
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12. A SPectroscopic Survey of Biased Halos in the Reionization Era (ASPIRE): JWST Reveals a Filamentary Structure around a z = 6.61 Quasar

Author

Feige Wang, Jinyi Yang, Joseph F. Hennawi, Xiaohui Fan, Fengwu Sun, Jaclyn B. Champagne, Tiago Costa, Melanie Habouzit, Ryan Endsley, Zihao Li, Xiaojing Lin, Romain A. Meyer, Jan–Torge Schindler, Yunjing Wu, Eduardo Bañados, Aaron J. Barth, Aklant K. Bhowmick, Rebekka Bieri, Laura Blecha, Sarah Bosman, Zheng Cai, Luis Colina, Thomas Connor, Frederick B. Davies, Roberto Decarli, Gisella De Rosa, Alyssa B. Drake, Eiichi Egami, Anna-Christina Eilers, Analis E. Evans, Emanuele Paolo Farina, Zoltan Haiman, Linhua Jiang, Xiangyu Jin, Hyunsung D. Jun, Koki Kakiichi, Yana Khusanova, Girish Kulkarni, Mingyu Li, Weizhe Liu, Federica Loiacono, Alessandro Lupi, Chiara Mazzucchelli, Masafusa Onoue, Maria A. Pudoka, Sofía Rojas-Ruiz, Yue Shen, Michael A. Strauss, Wei Leong Tee, Benny Trakhtenbrot, Maxime Trebitsch, Bram Venemans, Marta Volonteri, Fabian Walter, Zhang-Liang Xie, Minghao Yue, Haowen Zhang, Huanian Zhang, and Siwei Zou

Subjects
Early universe, Galaxies, Protoclusters, Redshift surveys, Supermassive black holes, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We present the first results from the JWST program A SPectroscopic survey of biased halos In the Reionization Era (ASPIRE). This program represents an imaging and spectroscopic survey of 25 reionization-era quasars and their environments by utilizing the unprecedented capabilities of NIRCam Wide Field Slitless Spectroscopy (WFSS) mode. ASPIRE will deliver the largest ( $\sim 280\,{\mathrm{arcmin}}^{2}$ ) galaxy redshift survey at 3–4 μ m among JWST Cycle 1 programs and provide extensive legacy values for studying the formation of the earliest supermassive black holes, the assembly of galaxies, early metal enrichment, and cosmic reionization. In this first ASPIRE paper, we report the discovery of a filamentary structure traced by the luminous quasar J0305–3150 and 10 [O iii ] emitters at z = 6.6. This structure has a 3D galaxy overdensity of δ _gal = 12.6 over 637 cMpc ^3 , one of the most overdense structures known in the early universe, and could eventually evolve into a massive galaxy cluster. Together with existing VLT/MUSE and ALMA observations of this field, our JWST observations reveal that J0305–3150 traces a complex environment where both UV-bright and dusty galaxies are present and indicate that the early evolution of galaxies around the quasar is not simultaneous. In addition, we discovered 31 [O iii ] emitters in this field at other redshifts, 5.3 < z < 6.7, with half of them situated at z ∼ 5.4 and 6.2. This indicates that star-forming galaxies, such as [O iii ] emitters, are generally clustered at high redshifts. These discoveries demonstrate the unparalleled redshift survey capabilities of NIRCam WFSS and the potential of the full ASPIRE survey data set.

Published
2023
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13. A SPectroscopic Survey of Biased Halos in the Reionization Era (ASPIRE): A First Look at the Rest-frame Optical Spectra of z > 6.5 Quasars Using JWST

Author

Jinyi Yang, Feige Wang, Xiaohui Fan, Joseph F. Hennawi, Aaron J. Barth, Eduardo Bañados, Fengwu Sun, Weizhe Liu, Zheng Cai, Linhua Jiang, Zihao Li, Masafusa Onoue, Jan-Torge Schindler, Yue Shen, Yunjing Wu, Aklant K. Bhowmick, Rebekka Bieri, Laura Blecha, Sarah Bosman, Jaclyn B. Champagne, Luis Colina, Thomas Connor, Tiago Costa, Frederick B. Davies, Roberto Decarli, Gisella De Rosa, Alyssa B. Drake, Eiichi Egami, Anna-Christina Eilers, Analis E. Evans, Emanuele Paolo Farina, Melanie Habouzit, Zoltan Haiman, Xiangyu Jin, Hyunsung D. Jun, Koki Kakiichi, Yana Khusanova, Girish Kulkarni, Federica Loiacono, Alessandro Lupi, Chiara Mazzucchelli, Zhiwei Pan, Sofía Rojas-Ruiz, Michael A. Strauss, Wei Leong Tee, Benny Trakhtenbrot, Maxime Trebitsch, Bram Venemans, Marianne Vestergaard, Marta Volonteri, Fabian Walter, Zhang-Liang Xie, Minghao Yue, Haowen Zhang, Huanian Zhang, and Siwei Zou

Subjects
Quasars, Supermassive black holes, Reionization, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

Studies of rest-frame optical emission in quasars at z > 6 have historically been limited by the wavelengths accessible by ground-based telescopes. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) now offers the opportunity to probe this emission deep into the reionization epoch. We report the observations of eight quasars at z > 6.5 using the JWST/NIRCam Wide Field Slitless Spectroscopy as a part of the “A SPectroscopic survey of biased halos In the Reionization Era (ASPIRE)” program. Our JWST spectra cover the quasars’ emission between rest frame ∼4100 and 5100 Å. The profiles of these quasars’ broad H β emission lines span a full width at half maximum from 3000 to 6000 km s ^−1 . The H β -based virial black hole (BH) masses, ranging from 0.6 to 2.1 billion solar masses, are generally consistent with their Mg ii -based BH masses. The new measurements based on the more reliable H β tracer thus confirm the existence of a billion solar-mass BHs in the reionization epoch. In the observed [O iii ] λ λ 4960,5008 doublets of these luminous quasars, broad components are more common than narrow core components (≤ 1200 km s ^−1 ), and only one quasar shows stronger narrow components than broad. Two quasars exhibit significantly broad and blueshifted [O iii ] emission, thought to trace galactic-scale outflows, with median velocities of −610 and −1430 km s ^−1 relative to the [C ii ] 158 μ m line. All eight quasars show strong optical Fe ii emission and follow the eigenvector 1 relations defined by low-redshift quasars. The entire ASPIRE program will eventually cover 25 quasars and provide a statistical sample for the studies of the BHs and quasar spectral properties.

Published
2023
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14. Metal-enriched Neutral Gas Reservoir around a Strongly Lensed Low-mass Galaxy at z = 4 Identified by JWST/NIRISS and VLT/MUSE

Author

Xiaojing Lin, Zheng Cai, Siwei Zou, Zihao Li, Zuyi Chen, Fuyan Bian, Fengwu Sun, Yiping Shu, Yunjing Wu, Mingyu Li, Jianan Li, Xiaohui Fan, J. Xavier Prochaska, Daniel Schaerer, Stephane Charlot, Daniel Espada, Miroslava Dessauges-Zavadsky, Eiichi Egami, Daniel Stark, Kirsten K. Knudsen, Gustavo Bruzual, and Jacopo Chevallard

Subjects
Circumgalactic medium, Interstellar absorption, Interstellar medium, Metallicity, Metal line absorbers, Stellar populations, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

Direct observations of low-mass, low-metallicity galaxies at z ≳ 4 provide an indispensable opportunity for detailed inspection of the ionization radiation, gas flow, and metal enrichment in sources similar to those that reionized the universe. Combining the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), Very Large Telescope/MUSE, and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, we present detailed observations of a strongly lensed, low-mass (≈10 ^7.6 M _⊙ ) galaxy at z = 3.98 (also see Vanzella et al.). We identify strong narrow nebular emission, including C iv λ λ 1548, 1550, He ii λ 1640, O iii ] λ λ 1661, 1666, [Ne iii ] λ 3868, [O ii ] λ 3727, and the Balmer series of hydrogen from this galaxy, indicating a metal-poor H ii region (≲0.12 Z _⊙ ) powered by massive stars. Further, we detect a metal-enriched damped Ly α system (DLA) associated with the galaxy with the H i column density of N _H I ≈ 10 ^21.8 cm ^−2 . The metallicity of the associated DLA may reach the supersolar metallicity (≳ Z _⊙ ). Moreover, thanks to JWST and gravitational lensing, we present the resolved UV slope ( β ) map at the spatial resolution of ≈100 pc at z = 4, with steep UV slopes reaching β ≈ −2.5 around three star-forming clumps. Combining with low-redshift analogs, our observations suggest that low-mass, low-metallicity galaxies, which dominate reionization, could be surrounded by a high covering fraction of the metal-enriched, neutral-gaseous clouds. This implies that the metal enrichment of low-mass galaxies is highly efficient, and further supports that in low-mass galaxies, only a small fraction of ionizing radiation can escape through the interstellar or circumgalactic channels with low-column-density neutral gas.

Published
2023
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15. Morpheus Reveals Distant Disk Galaxy Morphologies with JWST: The First AI/ML Analysis of JWST Images

Author

Brant E. Robertson, Sandro Tacchella, Benjamin D. Johnson, Ryan Hausen, Adebusola B. Alabi, Kristan Boyett, Andrew J. Bunker, Stefano Carniani, Eiichi Egami, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Kevin N. Hainline, Jakob M. Helton, Zhiyuan Ji, Nimisha Kumari, Jianwei Lyu, Roberto Maiolino, Erica J. Nelson, Marcia J. Rieke, Irene Shivaei, Fengwu Sun, Hannah Übler, Christina C. Williams, Christopher N. A. Willmer, and Joris Witstok

Subjects
Galaxy classification systems, Neural networks, Disk galaxies, Galaxies, James Webb Space Telescope, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

The dramatic first images with JWST demonstrated its power to provide unprecedented spatial detail for galaxies in the high-redshift universe. Here, we leverage the resolution and depth of the JWST Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey data in the Extended Groth Strip to perform pixel-level morphological classifications of galaxies in JWST F150W imaging using the Morpheus deep-learning framework for astronomical image analysis. By cross-referencing with existing photometric redshift catalogs from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) CANDELS survey, we show that JWST images indicate the emergence of disk morphologies before z ∼ 2 and with candidates appearing as early as z ∼ 5. By modeling the light profile of each object and accounting for the JWST point-spread function, we find the high-redshift disk candidates have exponential surface brightness profiles with an average Sérsic index 〈 n 〉 = 1.04 and >90% displaying “disky” profiles ( n < 2). Comparing with prior Morpheus classifications in CANDELS we find that a plurality of JWST disk galaxy candidates were previously classified as compact based on the shallower HST imagery, indicating that the improved optical quality and depth of the JWST helps to reveal disk morphologies that were hiding in the noise. We discuss the implications of these early disk candidates on theories for cosmological disk galaxy formation.

Published
2023
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16. The Identification of a Dusty Multiarm Spiral Galaxy at z = 3.06 with JWST and ALMA

Author

Yunjing Wu, Zheng Cai, Fengwu Sun, Fuyan Bian, Xiaojing Lin, Zihao Li, Mingyu Li, Franz E. Bauer, Eiichi Egami, Xiaohui Fan, Jorge González-López, Jianan Li, Feige Wang, Jinyi Yang, Shiwu Zhang, and Siwei Zou

Subjects
Spiral galaxies, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

Spiral arms serve crucial purposes in star formation and galaxy evolution. In this paper, we report the identification of “A2744-DSG- z 3,” a dusty, multiarm spiral galaxy at z = 3.059 using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRISS imaging and grism spectroscopy. A2744-DSG-z3 was discovered as a gravitationally lensed submillimeter galaxy with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). This is the most distant stellar spiral structure seen thus far, consistent with cosmological simulations that suggest z ≈ 3 as the epoch when spirals emerge. Thanks to the gravitational lensing and excellent spatial resolution of JWST, the spiral arms are resolved with a spatial resolution of ≈290 pc. Based on spectral energy distribution fitting, the spiral galaxy has a delensed star formation rate of 85 ± 30 M _⊙ yr ^−1 , and a stellar mass of ≈10 ^10.6 M _⊙ , indicating that A2744-DSG- z 3 is a main-sequence galaxy. After fitting the spiral arms, we find a stellar effective radius ( R _e,star ) of 5.0 ± 1.5 kpc. Combining with ALMA measurements, we find that the effective radii ratio between dust and stars is ≈0.4, similar to those of massive star‐forming galaxies (SFGs) at z ∼ 2, indicating a compact dusty core in A2744-DSG-z3. Moreover, this galaxy appears to be living in a group environment: including A2744-DSG-z3, at least three galaxies at z = 3.05–3.06 are spectroscopically confirmed by JWST/NIRISS and ALMA, residing within a lensing-corrected projected scale of ≈70 kpc. This, along with the asymmetric brightness profile, further suggests that the spiral arms may be triggered by minor-merger events at z ≳ 3.

Published
2022
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17. JADES Initial Data Release for the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Revealing the Faint Infrared Sky with Deep JWST NIRCam Imaging

Author

Marcia J. Rieke, Brant Robertson, Sandro Tacchella, Kevin Hainline, Benjamin D. Johnson, Ryan Hausen, Zhiyuan Ji, Christopher N. A. Willmer, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Dávid Puskás, Stacey Alberts, Santiago Arribas, William M. Baker, Stefi Baum, Rachana Bhatawdekar, Nina Bonaventura, Kristan Boyett, Andrew J. Bunker, Alex J. Cameron, Stefano Carniani, Stephane Charlot, Jacopo Chevallard, Zuyi Chen, Mirko Curti, Emma Curtis-Lake, A. Lola Danhaive, Christa DeCoursey, Alan Dressler, Eiichi Egami, Ryan Endsley, Jakob M. Helton, Raphael E. Hviding, Nimisha Kumari, Tobias J. Looser, Jianwei Lyu, Roberto Maiolino, Michael V. Maseda, Erica J. Nelson, George Rieke, Hans-Walter Rix, Lester Sandles, Aayush Saxena, Katherine Sharpe, Irene Shivaei, Maya Skarbinski, Renske Smit, Daniel P. Stark, Meredith Stone, Katherine A. Suess, Fengwu Sun, Michael Topping, Hannah Übler, Natalia C. Villanueva, Imaan E. B. Wallace, Christina C. Williams, Chris Willott, Lily Whitler, Joris Witstok, and Charity Woodrum

Subjects
High-redshift galaxies, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

JWST has revolutionized the field of extragalactic astronomy with its sensitive and high-resolution infrared view of the distant Universe. Adding to the new legacy of JWST observations, we present the first NIRCam imaging data release from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES), providing nine filters of infrared imaging of ∼25 arcmin ^2 covering the Hubble Ultra Deep Field and portions of Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey South. Utilizing 87 on-sky dual-filter hours of exposure time, these images reveal the deepest ever near-infrared view of this iconic field. We supply carefully constructed nine-band mosaics of the JADES bands, as well as matching reductions of five additional bands from the JWST Extragalactic Medium-band Survey. Combining with existing Hubble Space Telescope imaging, we provide 23-band space-based photometric catalogs and photometric redshifts for ≈47,500 sources. To promote broad engagement with JADES, we have created an interactive FitsMap website to provide an interface for professional researchers and the public to experience these JWST data sets. Combined with the first JADES NIRSpec data release, these public JADES imaging and spectroscopic data sets provide a new foundation for discoveries of the infrared Universe by the worldwide scientific community.

Published
2023
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18. JEMS: A Deep Medium-band Imaging Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field with JWST NIRCam and NIRISS

Author

Christina C. Williams, Sandro Tacchella, Michael V. Maseda, Brant E. Robertson, Benjamin D. Johnson, Chris J. Willott, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Christopher N. A. Willmer, Zhiyuan Ji, Kevin N. Hainline, Jakob M. Helton, Stacey Alberts, Stefi Baum, Rachana Bhatawdekar, Kristan Boyett, Andrew J. Bunker, Stefano Carniani, Stephane Charlot, Jacopo Chevallard, Emma Curtis-Lake, Anna de Graaff, Eiichi Egami, Marijn Franx, Nimisha Kumari, Roberto Maiolino, Erica J. Nelson, Marcia J. Rieke, Lester Sandles, Irene Shivaei, Charlotte Simmonds, Renske Smit, Katherine A. Suess, Fengwu Sun, Hannah Übler, and Joris Witstok

Subjects
Emission line galaxies, High-redshift galaxies, Redshift surveys, Extragalactic astronomy, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We present JWST Extragalactic Medium-band Survey, the first public medium-band imaging survey carried out using JWST/NIRCam and NIRISS. These observations use ∼2 and ∼4 μ m medium-band filters (NIRCam F182M, F210M, F430M, F460M, F480M; and NIRISS F430M and F480M in parallel) over 15.6 arcmin ^2 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (UDF), thereby building on the deepest multiwavelength public data sets available anywhere on the sky. We describe our science goals, survey design, NIRCam and NIRISS image reduction methods, and describe our first data release of the science-ready mosaics, which reach 5 σ point-source limits (AB mag) of ∼29.3–29.4 in 2 μ m filters and ∼28.2–28.7 at 4 μ m. Our chosen filters create a JWST imaging survey in the UDF that enables novel analysis of a range of spectral features potentially across the redshift range of 0.3 < z < 20, including Paschen- α , H α +[N ii ], and [O iii ]+H β emission at high spatial resolution. We find that our JWST medium-band imaging efficiently identifies strong line emitters (medium-band colors >1 mag) across redshifts 1.5 < z < 9.3, most prominently H α +[N ii ] and [O iii ]+H β . We present our first data release including science-ready mosaics of each medium-band image available to the community, adding to the legacy value of past and future surveys in the UDF. This survey demonstrates the power of medium-band imaging with JWST, informing future extragalactic survey strategies using JWST observations.

Published
2023
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19. The Spitzer Coverage of HSC-Deep with IRAC for Z studies (SHIRAZ). I. IRAC Mosaics

Author

Marianna Annunziatella, Anna Sajina, Mauro Stefanon, Danilo Marchesini, Mark Lacy, Ivo Labbé, Lilianna Houston, Rachel Bezanson, Eiichi Egami, Xiaohui Fan, Duncan Farrah, Jenny Greene, Andy Goulding, Yen-Ting Lin, Xin Liu, Thibaud Moutard, Yoshiaki Ono, Masami Ouchi, Marcin Sawicki, Jason Surace, and Katherine Whitaker

Subjects
Astronomy data analysis, Astronomy data acquisition, Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract

We present new Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) 3.6 and 4.5 μ m mosaics of three fields, E-COSMOS, DEEP2-F3, and ELAIS-N1. Our mosaics include both new IRAC observations as well as reprocessed archival data in these fields. These fields are part of the HSC-Deep grizy survey and have a wealth of additional ancillary data. The addition of these new IRAC mosaics is critical in allowing for improved photometric redshifts and stellar population parameters at cosmic noon and earlier epochs. The total area mapped by this work is ∼17 deg ^2 with a mean integration time of ≈1200s, providing a median 5 σ depth of 23.7(23.3) at 3.6(4.5) μ m in AB. We perform SExtractor photometry both on the combined mosaics as well as the single-epoch mosaics taken ≈6 months apart. The resultant IRAC number counts show good agreement with previous studies. In combination with the wealth of existing and upcoming spectrophotometric data in these fields, our IRAC mosaics will enable a wide range of galactic evolution and AGN studies. With that goal in mind, we make the combined IRAC mosaics and coverage maps of these three fields publicly available.

Published
2023
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20. First Sample of Hα+[O iii]λ5007 Line Emitters at z > 6 Through JWST/NIRCam Slitless Spectroscopy: Physical Properties and Line-luminosity Functions

Author

Fengwu Sun, Eiichi Egami, Nor Pirzkal, Marcia Rieke, Stefi Baum, Martha Boyer, Kristan Boyett, Andrew J. Bunker, Alex J. Cameron, Mirko Curti, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Mario Gennaro, Thomas P. Greene, Daniel Jaffe, Doug Kelly, Anton M. Koekemoer, Nimisha Kumari, Roberto Maiolino, Michael Maseda, Michele Perna, Armin Rest, Brant E. Robertson, Everett Schlawin, Renske Smit, John Stansberry, Ben Sunnquist, Sandro Tacchella, Christina C. Williams, and Christopher N. A. Willmer

Subjects
Emission line galaxies, High-redshift galaxies, James Webb Space Telescope, Starburst galaxies, Galaxy spectroscopy, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We present a sample of four emission-line galaxies at z = 6.11–6.35 that were serendipitously discovered using the commissioning data for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam wide-field slitless spectroscopy mode. One of them (at z = 6.11) has been reported previously, while the others are new discoveries. These sources are selected by the secure detections of both [O iii ] λ 5007 and H α lines with other fainter lines, which were tentatively detected in some cases (e.g., [O ii ] λ 3727, [O iii ] λ 4959). In the [O iii ]/H β –[N ii ]/H α Baldwin–Phillips–Terlevich diagram, these galaxies occupy the same parameter space as that of z ∼ 2 star-forming galaxies, indicating that they have been enriched rapidly to subsolar metallicities (∼0.4 Z _⊙ ), similar to galaxies with comparable stellar masses at much lower redshifts. The detection of strong H α lines suggests a higher ionizing photon production efficiency within galaxies in the early universe. We find brightening of the [O iii ] λ 5007 line-luminosity function (LF) from z = 3 to 6, and weak or no redshift evolution of the H α line LF from z = 2 to 6. Both LFs are underpredicted at z ∼ 6 by a factor of ∼10 in certain cosmological simulations. This further indicates a global Ly α photon escape fraction of 7%–10% at z ∼ 6, which is slightly lower than previous estimates through the comparison of the UV-derived star formation rate density and Ly α luminosity density. Our sample recovers ${66}_{-44}^{+128}$ % of z = 6.0–6.6 galaxies in the survey volume with stellar masses greater than 5 × 10 ^8 M _⊙ , suggesting the ubiquity of strong H α and [O iii ] line emitters in the Epoch of Reionization, which will be further uncovered in the era of JWST.

Published
2023
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21. JADES Imaging of GN-z11: Revealing the Morphology and Environment of a Luminous Galaxy 430 Myr after the Big Bang

Author

Sandro Tacchella, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Kevin Hainline, Benjamin D. Johnson, William M. Baker, Jakob M. Helton, Brant Robertson, Katherine A. Suess, Zuyi Chen, Erica Nelson, Dávid Puskás, Fengwu Sun, Stacey Alberts, Eiichi Egami, Ryan Hausen, George Rieke, Marcia Rieke, Irene Shivaei, Christina C. Williams, Christopher N. A. Willmer, Andrew Bunker, Alex J. Cameron, Stefano Carniani, Stephane Charlot, Mirko Curti, Emma Curtis-Lake, Tobias J. Looser, Roberto Maiolino, Michael V. Maseda, Tim Rawle, Hans-Walter Rix, Renske Smit, Hannah Übler, Chris Willott, Joris Witstok, Stefi Baum, Rachana Bhatawdekar, Kristan Boyett, A. Lola Danhaive, Anna de Graaff, Ryan Endsley, Zhiyuan Ji, Jianwei Lyu, Lester Sandles, Aayush Saxena, Jan Scholtz, Michael W. Topping, and Lily Whitler

Subjects
Galaxy evolution, Galaxy formation, Galaxy structure, High-redshift galaxies, Star formation, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We present JWST NIRCam nine-band near-infrared imaging of the luminous z = 10.6 galaxy GN-z11 from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey of the GOODS-N field. We find a spectral energy distribution (SED) entirely consistent with the expected form of a high-redshift galaxy: a clear blue continuum from 1.5 to 4 μ m with a complete dropout in F115W. The core of GN-z11 is extremely compact in JWST imaging. We analyze the image with a two-component model, using a point source and a Sérsic profile that fits to a half-light radius of 200 pc and an index n = 0.9. We find a low-surface-brightness haze about 0.″4 to the northeast of the galaxy, which is most likely a foreground object but might be a more extended component of GN-z11. At a spectroscopic redshift of 10.60 (Bunker et al. 2023 ), the comparison of the NIRCam F410M and F444W images spans the Balmer jump. From population-synthesis modeling, here assuming no light from an active galactic nucleus, we reproduce the SED of GN-z11, finding a stellar mass of ∼10 ^9 M _⊙ , a star formation rate of ∼20 M _⊙ yr ^−1 , and a young stellar age of ∼20 Myr. Since massive galaxies at high redshift are likely to be highly clustered, we search for faint neighbors of GN-z11, finding nine galaxies out to ∼5 comoving Mpc transverse with photometric redshifts consistent with z = 10.6, and a tenth more tentative dropout only 3″ away. This is consistent with GN-z11 being hosted by a massive dark-matter halo (≈8 × 10 ^10 M _⊙ ), though lower halo masses cannot be ruled out.

Published
2023
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22. JWST NIRCam Defocused Imaging Photometric Stability Performance and How It Can Sense Mirror Tilts

Author

Everett Schlawin, Thomas Beatty, Brian Brooks, Nikolay K Nikolov, Thomas P Greene, Nestor Espinoza, Kayli Glidic, Keith Baka, Eiichi Egami, John Stansberry, Martha Boyer, Mario Gennaro, Jarron Leisenring, Bryan Hilbert, Karl Misselt, Doug Kelly, Alicia Canipe, Charles A Beichman, Mateo Correnti, J Scott Knight, Alden Jurling, Marshall D Perrin, Lee D Feinberg, Michael McElwain, Nicholas Bond, David Ciardi, Sarah Kendrew, and Marcia Rieke

Subjects
Astronomy
Abstract

We use JWST NIRCam short-wavelength photometry to capture a transit lightcurve of the exoplanet HAT-P-14 b to assess performance as part of instrument commissioning. The short-wavelength precision is 152 ppm per 27 s integration as measured over the full time series compared to a theoretical limit of 107 ppm, after corrections to spatially correlated 1/f noise. Persistence effects from charge trapping are well fit by an exponential function with short characteristic timescales, settling on the order of 5–15 minutes. The short-wavelength defocused photometry is also uniquely well suited to measure the real-time wave-front error of JWST. Analysis of the images and reconstructed wave-front maps indicates that two different hexagonal primary mirror segments exhibited “tilt events,” where they changed orientation rapidly in less than ∼1.4 s. In some cases, the magnitude and timing of the flux jumps caused by tilt events can be accurately predicted with a telescope model. These tilt events can be sensed by simultaneous longer-wavelength NIRCam grism spectral images alone in the form of changes to the point-spread function, diagnosed from the full width at half maximum. They can also be sensed with the fine guidance sensor instrument from difference images. Tilt events possibly from sudden releases of stress in the backplane structure behind the mirrors were expected during the commissioning period because they were found in ground-based testing. Tilt events have shown signs of decreasing in frequency but have not disappeared completely. The detectors exhibit some minor (less than 1%) deviations from linear behavior in the first few groups of each integration, potentially impacting absolute fluxes and transit depths on bright targets, where only a handful of groups are possible. Overall, the noise is within 50% of the theoretical photon noise and read noise. This bodes well for high-precision measurements of transiting exoplanets and other time variable targets.

Published
2023
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23. JWST NIRCam + NIRSpec: interstellar medium and stellar populations of young galaxies with rising star formation and evolving gas reservoirs

Author

Sandro Tacchella, Benjamin D Johnson, Brant E Robertson, Stefano Carniani, Francesco D’Eugenio, Nimisha Kumari, Roberto Maiolino, Erica J Nelson, Katherine A Suess, Hannah Übler, Christina C Williams, Alabi Adebusola, Stacey Alberts, Santiago Arribas, Rachana Bhatawdekar, Nina Bonaventura, Rebecca A A Bowler, Andrew J Bunker, Alex J Cameron, Mirko Curti, Eiichi Egami, Daniel J Eisenstein, Brenda Frye, Kevin Hainline, Jakob M Helton, Zhiyuan Ji, Tobias J Looser, Jianwei Lyu, Michele Perna, Timothy Rawle, George Rieke, Marcia Rieke, Aayush Saxena, Lester Sandles, Irene Shivaei, Charlotte Simmonds, Fengwu Sun, Christopher N A Willmer, Chris J Willott, and Joris Witstok

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We present an interstellar medium and stellar population analysis of three spectroscopically confirmed $z>7$ galaxies in the ERO JWST NIRCam and JWST NIRSpec data of the SMACS J0723.3-7327 cluster. We use the Bayesian spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code \texttt{Prospector} with a flexible star-formation history (SFH), a variable dust attenuation law, and a self-consistent model of nebular emission (continuum and emission lines). Importantly, we self-consistently fit both the emission line fluxes from JWST NIRSpec and the broad-band photometry from JWST NIRCam, taking into account slit-loss effects. We find that these three $z=7.6-8.5$ galaxies ($M_{\star}\approx10^{8}~M_{\odot}$) are young with rising SFHs and mass-weighted ages of $3-4$ Myr, though we find indications for underlying older stellar populations. The inferred gas-phase metallicities broadly agree with the direct metallicity estimates from the auroral lines. The galaxy with the lowest gas-phase metallicity ($\mathrm{Z}_{\rm gas}=0.06~\mathrm{Z}_{\odot}$) has a steeply rising SFH, is very compact ($, 14 pages, 9 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2023

24. X-ray study of the double source plane gravitational lens system Eye of Horus observed with XMM–Newton

Author

Keigo Tanaka, Ayumi Tsuji, Hiroki Akamatsu, J H H Chan, Jean Coupon, Eiichi Egami, Francois Finet, Ryuichi Fujimoto, Yuto Ichinohe, Anton T Jaelani, Chien-Hsiu Lee, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Anupreeta More, Surhud More, Masamune Oguri, Nobuhiro Okabe, Naomi Ota, Cristian E Rusu, Alessandro Sonnenfeld, Masayuki Tanaka, Shutaro Ueda, and Kenneth C Wong

Published
2019
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26. Performance of NIRCam on JWST in Flight

Author

Marcia J. Rieke, Douglas M. Kelly, Karl Misselt, John Stansberry, Martha Boyer, Thomas Beatty, Eiichi Egami, Michael Florian, Thomas P. Greene, Kevin Hainline, Jarron Leisenring, Thomas Roellig, Everett Schlawin, Fengwu Sun, Lee Tinnin, Christina C. Williams, Christopher N. A. Willmer, Debra Wilson, Charles R. Clark, Scott Rohrbach, Brian Brooks, Alicia Canipe, Matteo Correnti, Audrey DiFelice, Mario Gennaro, Julian Girard, George Hartig, Bryan Hilbert, Anton M. Koekemoer, Nikolay K. Nikolov, Norbert Pirzkal, Armin Rest, Massimo Robberto, Ben Sunnquist, Randal Telfer, Chi Rai Wu, Malcolm Ferry, Dan Lewis, Stefi Baum, Charles Beichman, René Doyon, Alan Dressler, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Laura Ferrarese, Klaus Hodapp, Scott Horner, Daniel T. Jaffe, Doug Johnstone, John Krist, Peter Martin, Donald W. McCarthy, Michael Meyer, George H. Rieke, John Trauger, and Erick T. Young

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract

The Near Infrared Camera for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is delivering the imagery that astronomers have hoped for ever since JWST was proposed back in the 1990s. In the Commissioning Period that extended from right after launch to early 2022 July, NIRCam has been subjected to a number of performance tests and operational checks. The camera is exceeding prelaunch expectations in virtually all areas, with very few surprises discovered in flight. NIRCam also delivered the imagery needed by the Wavefront Sensing Team for use in aligning the telescope mirror segments.

Published
2023

27. Molecular gas cloud properties at $z\simeq 1$ revealed by the superb angular resolution achieved with ALMA and gravitational lensing

Author

Miroslava Dessauges-Zavadsky, Johan Richard, Françoise Combes, Matteo Messa, David Nagy, Lucio Mayer, Daniel Schaerer, Eiichi Egami, and Angela Adamo

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Current observations favour that the massive ultraviolet-bright clumps with a median stellar mass of $\sim 10^7~M_{\odot}$, ubiquitously observed in $z\sim 1-3$ galaxies, are star-forming regions formed in-situ in galaxies. It has been proposed that they result from gas fragmentation due to gravitational instability of gas-rich, turbulent, high-redshift discs. We bring support to this scenario by reporting the new discovery of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in the strongly lensed, clumpy, main-sequence galaxy, A521-sys1, at $z=1.043$. Its CO(4-3) emission was mapped with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at an angular resolution of $0.19''\times 0.16''$, reading down to 30~pc thanks to gravitational lensing. We identified 14 GMCs, most being virialized, with $10^{5.9}- 10^{7.9}~M_{\odot}$ masses and a median $800~M_{\odot}~\rm{pc}^{-2}$ molecular gas mass surface density, that are, respectively, 100 and 10 times higher than for local GMCs. They are also characterized by 10 times higher supersonic turbulence with a median Mach number of 60. They end up to fall above the Larson scaling relations, similarly to the GMCs in another clumpy $z\simeq 1$ galaxy, the Cosmic Snake, although noteworthy differences between the two sets of high-redshift GMCs exist. Altogether they support that GMCs form with properties that adjust to the ambient interstellar medium conditions prevalent in the host galaxy whatever its redshift. The detected A521-sys1 GMCs are massive enough to be the parent gas clouds of stellar clumps, with a relatively high star-formation efficiency per free-fall time of $\sim 11$ per cent., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS, in press

Published
2023
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28. Second data release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program

Author

Hiroaki Aihara, Yusra AlSayyad, Makoto Ando, Robert Armstrong, James Bosch, Eiichi Egami, Hisanori Furusawa, Junko Furusawa, Andy Goulding, Yuichi Harikane, Chiaki Hikage, Paul T P Ho, Bau-Ching Hsieh, Song Huang, Hiroyuki Ikeda, Masatoshi Imanishi, Kei Ito, Ikuru Iwata, Anton T Jaelani, Ryota Kakuma, Kojiro Kawana, Satoshi Kikuta, Umi Kobayashi, Michitaro Koike, Yutaka Komiyama, Xiangchong Li, Yongming Liang, Yen-Ting Lin, Wentao Luo, Robert Lupton, Nate B Lust, Lauren A MacArthur, Yoshiki Matsuoka, Sogo Mineo, Hironao Miyatake, Satoshi Miyazaki, Surhud More, Ryoma Murata, Shigeru V Namiki, Atsushi J Nishizawa, Masamune Oguri, Nobuhiro Okabe, Sakurako Okamoto, Yuki Okura, Yoshiaki Ono, Masato Onodera, Masafusa Onoue, Ken Osato, Masami Ouchi, Takatoshi Shibuya, Michael A Strauss, Naoshi Sugiyama, Yasushi Suto, Masahiro Takada, Yuhei Takagi, Tadafumi Takata, Satoshi Takita, Masayuki Tanaka, Tsuyoshi Terai, Yoshiki Toba, Hisakazu Uchiyama, Yousuke Utsumi, Shiang-Yu Wang, Wenting Wang, and Yoshihiko Yamada

Published
2019
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29. Spectroscopic confirmation of four metal-poor galaxies at z=10.3-13.2

Author

Emma Curtis-Lake, Stefano Carniani, Alex Cameron, Stephane Charlot, Peter Jakobsen, Roberto Maiolino, Andrew Bunker, Joris Witstok, Renske Smit, Jacopo Chevallard, Chris Willott, Pierre Ferruit, Santiago Arribas, Nina Bonaventura, Mirko Curti, Francesco D’Eugenio, Marijn Franx, Giovanna Giardino, Tobias J. Looser, Nora Lützgendorf, Michael V. Maseda, Tim Rawle, Hans-Walter Rix, Bruno Rodríguez del Pino, Hannah Übler, Marco Sirianni, Alan Dressler, Eiichi Egami, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Ryan Endsley, Kevin Hainline, Ryan Hausen, Benjamin D. Johnson, Marcia Rieke, Brant Robertson, Irene Shivaei, Daniel P. Stark, Sandro Tacchella, Christina C. Williams, Christopher N. A. Willmer, Rachana Bhatawdekar, Rebecca Bowler, Kristan Boyett, Zuyi Chen, Anna de Graaff, Jakob M. Helton, Raphael E. Hviding, Gareth C. Jones, Nimisha Kumari, Jianwei Lyu, Erica Nelson, Michele Perna, Lester Sandles, Aayush Saxena, Katherine A. Suess, Fengwu Sun, Michael W. Topping, Imaan E. B. Wallace, Lily Whitler, Curtis-Lake, E [0000-0002-9551-0534], Carniani, S [0000-0002-6719-380X], Cameron, A [0000-0002-0450-7306], Charlot, S [0000-0003-3458-2275], Jakobsen, P [0000-0002-6780-2441], Bunker, A [0000-0002-8651-9879], Witstok, J [0000-0002-7595-121X], Smit, R [0000-0001-8034-7802], Willott, C [0000-0002-4201-7367], Ferruit, P [0000-0001-8895-0606], Arribas, S [0000-0001-7997-1640], Curti, M [0000-0002-2678-2560], D’Eugenio, F [0000-0003-2388-8172], Looser, TJ [0000-0002-3642-2446], Lützgendorf, N [0000-0002-4034-0080], Maseda, MV [0000-0003-0695-4414], Rawle, T [0000-0002-7028-5588], Rix, HW [0000-0003-4996-9069], Übler, H [0000-0003-4891-0794], Sirianni, M [0000-0002-7626-6361], Egami, E [0000-0003-1344-9475], Eisenstein, DJ [0000-0002-2929-3121], Hausen, R [0000-0002-8543-761X], Johnson, BD [0000-0002-9280-7594], Robertson, B [0000-0002-4271-0364], Williams, CC [0000-0003-2919-7495], Willmer, CNA [0000-0001-9262-9997], Bhatawdekar, R [0000-0003-0883-2226], Bowler, R [0000-0003-3917-1678], Boyett, K [0000-0003-4109-304X], Chen, Z [0000-0002-2178-5471], de Graaff, A [0000-0002-2380-9801], Hviding, RE [0000-0002-4684-9005], Jones, GC [0000-0002-0267-9024], Kumari, N [0000-0002-5320-2568], Lyu, J [0000-0002-6221-1829], Nelson, E [0000-0002-7524-374X], Perna, M [0000-0002-0362-5941], Sandles, L [0000-0001-9276-7062], Saxena, A [0000-0001-5333-9970], Suess, KA [0000-0002-1714-1905], Whitler, L [0000-0003-1432-7744], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Curtis-Lake, E., Carniani, Stefano, Cameron, Alex, Charlot, S., Jakobsen, P., Maiolino, Roberto, Bunker, A., Witstok, J., Smit, R., Chevallard, J., Willott, C., Ferruit, P., Arribas, S., Bonaventura, N., Curti, Mirko, D'Eugenio, F., Franx, M., Giardino, G., Looser, T. J., Lutzgendorf, N., Maseda, M. V., Rawle, T., Rix, H. -W., Rodriguez del Pino, B., Ubler, H., Sirianni, M., Dressler, A., Egami, E., Eisenstein, D. J., Endsley, R., Hainline, K., Hausen, R., Johnson, B. D., Rieke, M., Robertson, B., Shivaei, I., Stark, D. P., Tacchella, S., Williams, C. C., Willmer, C. N. A., Bhatawdekar, R., Bowler, Rebecca, Boyett, K., Chen, Z., de Graaff, A., Helton, J. M., Hviding, R. E., Jones, G. C., Kumari, N., Lyu, J., Nelson, E., Perna, Michele, Sandles, L., Saxena, A., Suess, K. A., Sun, F., Topping, M. W., Wallace, I. E. B., and Whitler, L.

Subjects
Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Finding and characterising the first galaxies that illuminated the early Universe at cosmic dawn is pivotal to understand the physical conditions and the processes that led to the formation of the first stars. In the first few months of operations, imaging from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have been used to identify tens of candidates of galaxies at redshift (z) greater than 10, less than 450 million years after the Big Bang. However, none of these candidates has yet been confirmed spectroscopically, leaving open the possibility that they are actually low-redshift interlopers. Here we present spectroscopic confirmation and analysis of four galaxies unambiguously detected at redshift 10.3, Comment: 32 pages, 8 figures, accepted to Nature Astronomy

Published
2022

30. ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey

Author

Franz E. Bauer, Kotaro Kohno, G. B. Caminha, Seiji Fujimoto, Daniel Espada, Jorge González-López, Nicolas Laporte, Johan Richard, Karina Caputi, Richard S. Ellis, Bunyo Hatsukade, Adi Zitrin, Masami Ouchi, G. B. Brammer, Francesco Valentino, Georgios E. Magdis, Minju Lee, Yiping Ao, Masamune Oguri, Eiichi Egami, Kirsten Kraiberg Knudsen, Yuki Yoshimura, Tao Wang, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Astronomy

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, galaxies: high-redshift, 0103 physical sciences, Cluster (physics), Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, galaxies: formation, Formation rate, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, Image (category theory), gravitational lensing: strong, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Redshift, Galaxy, Supernova, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Spectral energy distribution, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], galaxies: evolution, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the discovery of an intrinsically faint, quintuply-imaged, dusty galaxy MACS0600-z6 at a redshift $z=$6.07 viewed through the cluster MACSJ0600.1-2008 ($z$=0.46). A $\simeq4\sigma$ dust detection is seen at 1.2mm as part of the ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey (ALCS), an on-going ALMA Large program, and the redshift is secured via [C II] 158 $\mu$m emission described in a companion paper. In addition, spectroscopic follow-up with GMOS/Gemini-North shows a break in the galaxy's spectrum, consistent with the Lyman break at that redshift. We use a detailed mass model of the cluster and infer a magnification $\mu\gtrsim$30 for the most magnified image of this galaxy, which provides an unprecedented opportunity to probe the physical properties of a sub-luminous galaxy at the end of cosmic reionisation. Based on the spectral energy distribution, we infer lensing-corrected stellar and dust masses of $\rm{2.9^{+11.5}_{-2.3}\times10^9}$ and $\rm{4.8^{+4.5}_{-3.4}\times10^6}$ $\rm{M_{\odot}}$ respectively, a star formation rate of $\rm{9.7^{+22.0}_{-6.6} M_{\odot} yr^{-1}}$, an intrinsic size of $\rm{0.54^{+0.26}_{-0.14}}$ kpc, and a luminosity-weighted age of 200$\pm$100 Myr. Strikingly, the dust production rate in this relatively young galaxy appears to be larger than that observed for equivalent, lower redshift sources. We discuss if this implies that early supernovae are more efficient dust producers and the consequences for using dust mass as a probe of earlier star formation., Comment: submitted to MNRAS, revised version after including referee's comments

Published
2021

31. JWST/NIRCam Coronagraphy: Commissioning and First On-Sky Results

Author

Julien H. Girard, Jarron Leisenring, Jens Kammerer, Mario Gennaro, Marcia Rieke, John Stansberry, Armin Rest, Eiichi Egami, Ben Sunnquist, Martha L. Boyer, Alicia Canipe, Matteo Correnti, Bryan Hilbert, Marshall D. Perrin, Laurent Pueyo, Rémi Soummer, Marsha Allen, Howard Bushouse, Jonathan Aguilar, Brian Brooks, Dan Coe, audrey DiFelice, David Golimowski, George Hartig, Dean Hines, Anton Koekemoer, Bryony Nickson, Nikolay Nikolov, Vera Platais, Nor Prizkal, Massimo Robberto, Anand Sivaramakrishnan Sivaramakrishnan, Sangmo Tony Sohn, Randal Telfer, Chi Ray Wu, Thomas Beatty, Michael Florian, Kevin Hainline, Doug Kelly, Karl Misselt, Everett Schlawin, Fengwu Sun, Christina Williams, Christopher Willmer, Christopher Stark, Marie Ygouf, Aarynn L. Carter, Charles Beichman, Thomas P. Greene, Thomas Roellig, John Krist, Jea Adams, Jason Wang, Charles R. Clark, Dan Lewis, and Malcolm Ferry

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Optics (physics.optics), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

In a cold and stable space environment, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST or "Webb") reaches unprecedented sensitivities at wavelengths beyond 2 microns, serving most fields of astrophysics. It also extends the parameter space of high-contrast imaging in the near and mid-infrared. Launched in late 2021, JWST underwent a six month commissioning period. In this contribution we focus on the NIRCam Coronagraphy mode which was declared "science ready" on July 10 2022, the last of the 17 JWST observing modes. Essentially, this mode will allow to detect fainter/redder/colder (less massive for a given age) self-luminous exoplanets as well as other faint astrophysical signal in the vicinity of any bright object (stars or galaxies). Here we describe some of the steps and hurdles the commissioning team went through to achieve excellent performances. Specifically, we focus on the Coronagraphic Suppression Verification activity. We were able to produce firm detections at 3.35$\mu$m of the white dwarf companion HD 114174 B which is at a separation of $\simeq$ 0.5" and a contrast of $\simeq$ 10 magnitudes ($10^{4}$ fainter than the K$\sim$5.3 mag host star). We compare these first on-sky images with our latest, most informed and realistic end-to-end simulations through the same pipeline. Additionally we provide information on how we succeeded with the target acquisition with all five NIRCam focal plane masks and their four corresponding wedged Lyot stops., Comment: 23 pages, 18 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation (2022)

Published
2022

32. First Peek with JWST/NIRCam Wide-Field Slitless Spectroscopy: Serendipitous Discovery of a Strong [O III]/H$\alpha$ Emitter at $z=6.11$

Author

Fengwu Sun, Eiichi Egami, Nor Pirzkal, Marcia Rieke, Martha Boyer, Matteo Correnti, Mario Gennaro, Julien Girard, Thomas P. Greene, Doug Kelly, Anton M. Koekemoer, Jarron Leisenring, Karl Misselt, Nikolay Nikolov, Thomas L. Roellig, John Stansberry, Christina C. Williams, and Christopher N. A. Willmer

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We report the serendipitous discovery of an [O III] $\lambda\lambda$4959/5007 and H$\alpha$ line emitter in the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) with the JWST commissioning data taken in the NIRCam wide field slitless spectroscopy (WFSS) mode. Located $\sim$55" away from the flux calibrator P330-E, this galaxy exhibits bright [O III] $\lambda\lambda$4959/5007 and H$\alpha$ lines detected at 3.7, 9.9 and 5.7$\sigma$, respectively, with a spectroscopic redshift of $z=6.112\pm0.001$. The total H$\beta$+[O III] equivalent width is 664$\pm$98 \r{A} (454$\pm$78 \r{A} from the [O III] $\lambda$5007 line). This provides direct spectroscopic evidence for the presence of strong rest-frame optical lines (H$\beta$+[O III] and H$\alpha$) in EoR galaxies as inferred previously from the analyses of Spitzer/IRAC spectral energy distributions. Two spatial and velocity components are identified in this source, possibly indicating that this system is undergoing a major merger, which might have triggered the ongoing starburst with strong nebular emission lines over a timescale of $\sim$2 Myr as our SED modeling suggests. The tentative detection of He II $\lambda$4686 line ($1.9\sigma$), if real, may indicate the existence of very young and metal-poor star-forming regions with a hard UV radiation field. Finally, this discovery demonstrates the power and readiness of the JWST/NIRCam WFSS mode, and marks the beginning of a new era for extragalactic astronomy, in which EoR galaxies can be routinely discovered via blind slitless spectroscopy through the detection of rest-frame optical emission lines., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, published in the ApJL

Published
2022

33. ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: ALMA-Herschel Joint Study of Lensed Dusty Star-forming Galaxies across z ≃ 0.5 – 6

Author

Fengwu Sun, Eiichi Egami, Seiji Fujimoto, Timothy Rawle, Franz E. Bauer, Kotaro Kohno, Ian Smail, Pablo G. Pérez-González, Yiping Ao, Scott C. Chapman, Francoise Combes, Miroslava Dessauges-Zavadsky, Daniel Espada, Jorge González-López, Anton M. Koekemoer, Vasily Kokorev, Minju M. Lee, Kana Morokuma-Matsui, Alejandra M. Muñoz Arancibia, Masamune Oguri, Roser Pelló, Yoshihiro Ueda, Ryosuke Uematsu, Francesco Valentino, Paul Van der Werf, Gregory L. Walth, Michael Zemcov, Adi Zitrin, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Collège de France - Chaire Galaxies et cosmologie, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Ultraluminous infrared galaxies, Gravitational lensing, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Luminous infrared galaxies, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Galaxy evolution, High-redshift galaxies
Abstract

We present an ALMA-Herschel joint analysis of sources detected by the ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey (ALCS) at 1.15 mm. Herschel/PACS and SPIRE data at 100-500 $μ$m are deblended for 180 ALMA sources in 33 lensing cluster fields that are either detected securely (141 sources; in our main sample) or tentatively at S/N$\geq$4 with cross-matched HST/Spitzer counterparts, down to a delensed 1.15-mm flux density of $\sim0.02$ mJy. We performed far-infrared spectral energy distribution modeling and derived the physical properties of dusty star formation for 125 sources (109 independently) that are detected at $>2σ$ in at least one Herschel band. 27 secure ALCS sources are not detected in any Herschel bands, including 17 optical/near-IR-dark sources that likely reside at $z=4.2\pm1.2$. The 16-50-84 percentiles of the redshift distribution are 1.15-2.08-3.59 for ALCS sources in the main sample, suggesting an increasing fraction of $z\simeq1-2$ galaxies among fainter millimeter sources ($f_{1150}\sim 0.1$ mJy). With a median lensing magnification factor of $μ= 2.6_{-0.8}^{+2.6}$, ALCS sources in the main sample exhibit a median intrinsic star-formation rate of $94_{-54}^{+84}\,\mathrm{M}_\odot\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$, lower than that of conventional submillimeter galaxies at similar redshifts by a factor of $\sim$3. Our study suggests weak or no redshift evolution of dust temperature with $L_\mathrm{IR}10^{12}\,\mathrm{L}_\odot$, the dust temperatures show no evolution across $z \simeq 1 -4$ while being lower than those in the local Universe. For the highest-redshift source in our sample ($z=6.07$), we can rule out an extreme dust temperature ($>$80 K) that was reported for MACS0416 Y1 at $z=8.31$., 44 pages, 23 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2022

34. L. Jiang et al. reply

Author

Bing Zhang, Shu Wang, Nobunari Kashikawa, Linhua Jiang, Gregory Walth, Bin-Bin Zhang, Yi-Si Yang, Eiichi Egami, Zheng Cai, Hai-Bin Zhao, and Luis C. Ho

Subjects
Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics
Published
2021

35. The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

Author

Jane Rigby, Marshall Perrin, Michael McElwain, Randy Kimble, Scott Friedman, Matt Lallo, René Doyon, Lee Feinberg, Pierre Ferruit, Alistair Glasse, Marcia Rieke, George Rieke, Gillian Wright, Chris Willott, Knicole Colon, Stefanie Milam, Susan Neff, Christopher Stark, Jeff Valenti, Jim Abell, Faith Abney, Yasin Abul-Huda, D. Scott Acton, Evan Adams, David Adler, Jonathan Aguilar, Nasif Ahmed, Loïc Albert, Stacey Alberts, David Aldridge, Marsha Allen, Martin Altenburg, Javier Álvarez-Márquez, Catarina Alves de Oliveira, Greg Andersen, Harry Anderson, Sara Anderson, Ioannis Argyriou, Amber Armstrong, Santiago Arribas, Etienne Artigau, Amanda Arvai, Charles Atkinson, Gregory Bacon, Thomas Bair, Kimberly Banks, Jaclyn Barrientes, Bruce Barringer, Peter Bartosik, William Bast, Pierre Baudoz, Thomas Beatty, Katie Bechtold, Tracy Beck, Eddie Bergeron, Matthew Bergkoetter, Rachana Bhatawdekar, Stephan Birkmann, Ronald Blazek, Claire Blome, Anthony Boccaletti, Torsten Böker, John Boia, Nina Bonaventura, Nicholas Bond, Kari Bosley, Ray Boucarut, Matthew Bourque, Jeroen Bouwman, Gary Bower, Charles Bowers, Martha Boyer, Larry Bradley, Greg Brady, Hannah Braun, David Breda, Pamela Bresnahan, Stacey Bright, Christopher Britt, Asa Bromenschenkel, Brian Brooks, Keira Brooks, Bob Brown, Matthew Brown, Patricia Brown, Andy Bunker, Matthew Burger, Howard Bushouse, Steven Cale, Alex Cameron, Peter Cameron, Alicia Canipe, James Caplinger, Francis Caputo, Mihai Cara, Larkin Carey, Stefano Carniani, Maria Carrasquilla, Margaret Carruthers, Michael Case, Riggs Catherine, Don Chance, George Chapman, Stéphane Charlot, Brian Charlow, Pierre Chayer, Bin Chen, Brian Cherinka, Sarah Chichester, Zack Chilton, Taylor Chonis, Mark Clampin, Charles Clark, Kerry Clark, Dan Coe, Benee Coleman, Brian Comber, Tom Comeau, Dennis Connolly, James Cooper, Rachel Cooper, Eric Coppock, Matteo Correnti, Christophe Cossou, Alain Coulais, Laura Coyle, Misty Cracraft, Mirko Curti, Steven Cuturic, Katherine Davis, Michael Davis, Bruce Dean, Amy DeLisa, Wim deMeester, Nadia Dencheva, Nadezhda Dencheva, Joseph DePasquale, Jeremy Deschenes, Örs Hunor Detre, Rosa Diaz, Dan Dicken, Audrey DiFelice, Matthew Dillman, William Dixon, Jesse Doggett, Tom Donaldson, Rob Douglas, Kimberly DuPrie, Jean Dupuis, John Durning, Nilufar Easmin, Weston Eck, Chinwe Edeani, Eiichi Egami, Ralf Ehrenwinkler, Jonathan Eisenhamer, Michael Eisenhower, Michelle Elie, James Elliott, Kyle Elliott, Tracy Ellis, Michael Engesser, Nestor Espinoza, Odessa Etienne, Mireya Etxaluze, Patrick Falini, Matthew Feeney, Malcolm Ferry, Joseph Filippazzo, Brian Fincham, Mees Fix, Nicolas Flagey, Michael Florian, Jim Flynn, Erin Fontanella, Terrance Ford, Peter Forshay, Ori Fox, David Franz, Henry Fu, Alexander Fullerton, Sergey Galkin, Anthony Galyer, Macarena García Marín, Jonathan P. Gardner, Lisa Gardner, Dennis Garland, Bruce Garrett, Danny Gasman, Andras Gaspar, Daniel Gaudreau, Peter Gauthier, Vincent Geers, Paul Geithner, Mario Gennaro, Giovanna Giardino, Julien Girard, Mark Giuliano, Kirk Glassmire, Adrian Glauser, Stuart Glazer, John Godfrey, David Golimowski, David Gollnitz, Fan Gong, Shireen Gonzaga, Michael Gordon, Karl Gordon, Paul Goudfrooij, Thomas Greene, Matthew Greenhouse, Stefano Grimaldi, Andrew Groebner, Timothy Grundy, Pierre Guillard, Irvin Gutman, Kong Q. Ha, Peter Haderlein, Andria Hagedorn, Kevin Hainline, Craig Haley, Maryam Hami, Forrest Hamilton, Heidi Hammel, Carl Hansen, Tom Harkins, Michael Harr, Jessica Hart, Quyen Hart, George Hartig, Ryan Hashimoto, Sujee Haskins, William Hathaway, Keith Havey, Brian Hayden, Karen Hecht, Chris Heller-Boyer, Caroline Henriques, Alaina Henry, Karl Hermann, Scarlin Hernandez, Brigette Hesman, Brian Hicks, Bryan Hilbert, Dean Hines, Melissa Hoffman, Sherie Holfeltz, Bryan J. Holler, Jennifer Hoppa, Kyle Hott, Joseph M. Howard, Rick Howard, Alexander Hunter, David Hunter, Brendan Hurst, Bernd Husemann, Leah Hustak, Luminita Ilinca Ignat, Garth Illingworth, Sandra Irish, Wallace Jackson, Amir Jahromi, Peter Jakobsen, LeAndrea James, Bryan James, William Januszewski, Ann Jenkins, Hussein Jirdeh, Phillip Johnson, Timothy Johnson, Vicki Jones, Ron Jones, Danny Jones, Olivia Jones, Ian Jordan, Margaret Jordan, Sarah Jurczyk, Alden Jurling, Catherine Kaleida, Phillip Kalmanson, Jens Kammerer, Huijo Kang, Shaw-Hong Kao, Diane Karakla, Patrick Kavanagh, Doug Kelly, Sarah Kendrew, Herbert Kennedy, Deborah Kenny, Ritva Keski-kuha, Charles Keyes, Richard Kidwell, Wayne Kinzel, Jeff Kirk, Mark Kirkpatrick, Danielle Kirshenblat, Pamela Klaassen, Bryan Knapp, J. Scott Knight, Perry Knollenberg, Robert Koehler, Anton Koekemoer, Aiden Kovacs, Trey Kulp, Nimisha Kumari, Mark Kyprianou, Stephanie La Massa, Aurora Labador, Alvaro Labiano, Pierre-Olivier Lagage, Charles-Philippe Lajoie, Matthew Lallo, May Lam, Tracy Lamb, Scott Lambros, Richard Lampenfield, James Langston, Kirsten Larson, David Law, Jon Lawrence, David Lee, Jarron Leisenring, Kelly Lepo, Michael Leveille, Nancy Levenson, Marie Levine, Zena Levy, Dan Lewis, Hannah Lewis, Mattia Libralato, Paul Lightsey, Miranda Link, Lily Liu, Amy Lo, Alexandra Lockwood, Ryan Logue, Chris Long, Douglas Long, Charles Loomis, Marcos Lopez-Caniego, Jose Lorenzo Alvarez, Jennifer Love-Pruitt, Adrian Lucy, Nora Luetzgendorf, Peiman Maghami, Roberto Maiolino, Melissa Major, Sunita Malla, Eliot Malumuth, Elena Manjavacas, Crystal Mannfolk, Amanda Marrione, Anthony Marston, André Martel, Marc Maschmann, Gregory Masci, Michaela Masciarelli, Michael Maszkiewicz, John Mather, Kenny McKenzie, Brian McLean, Matthew McMaster, Katie Melbourne, Marcio Meléndez, Michael Menzel, Kaiya Merz, Michele Meyett, Luis Meza, Cherie Miskey, Karl Misselt, Christopher Moller, Jane Morrison, Ernie Morse, Harvey Moseley, Gary Mosier, Matt Mountain, Julio Mueckay, Michael Mueller, Susan Mullally, Jess Murphy, Katherine Murray, Claire Murray, David Mustelier, James Muzerolle, Matthew Mycroft, Richard Myers, Kaila Myrick, Shashvat Nanavati, Elizabeth Nance, Omnarayani Nayak, Bret Naylor, Edmund Nelan, Bryony Nickson, Alethea Nielson, Maria Nieto-Santisteban, Nikolay Nikolov, Alberto Noriega-Crespo, Brian O’Shaughnessy, Brian O’Sullivan, William Ochs, Patrick Ogle, Brenda Oleszczuk, Joseph Olmsted, Shannon Osborne, Richard Ottens, Beverly Owens, Camilla Pacifici, Alyssa Pagan, James Page, Sang Park, Keith Parrish, Polychronis Patapis, Lee Paul, Tyler Pauly, Cheryl Pavlovsky, Andrew Pedder, Matthew Peek, Maria Pena-Guerrero, Konstantin Penanen, Yesenia Perez, Michele Perna, Beth Perriello, Kevin Phillips, Martin Pietraszkiewicz, Jean-Paul Pinaud, Norbert Pirzkal, Joseph Pitman, Aidan Piwowar, Vera Platais, Danielle Player, Rachel Plesha, Joe Pollizi, Ethan Polster, Klaus Pontoppidan, Blair Porterfield, Charles Proffitt, Laurent Pueyo, Christine Pulliam, Brian Quirt, Irma Quispe Neira, Rafael Ramos Alarcon, Leah Ramsay, Greg Rapp, Robert Rapp, Bernard Rauscher, Swara Ravindranath, Timothy Rawle, Michael Regan, Timothy A. Reichard, Carl Reis, Michael E. Ressler, Armin Rest, Paul Reynolds, Timothy Rhue, Karen Richon, Emily Rickman, Michael Ridgaway, Christine Ritchie, Hans-Walter Rix, Massimo Robberto, Gregory Robinson, Michael Robinson, Orion Robinson, Frank Rock, David Rodriguez, Bruno Rodriguez Del Pino, Thomas Roellig, Scott Rohrbach, Anthony Roman, Fred Romelfanger, Perry Rose, Anthony Roteliuk, Marc Roth, Braden Rothwell, Neil Rowlands, Arpita Roy, Pierre Royer, Patricia Royle, Chunlei Rui, Peter Rumler, Joel Runnels, Melissa Russ, Zafar Rustamkulov, Grant Ryden, Holly Ryer, Modhumita Sabata, Derek Sabatke, Elena Sabbi, Bridget Samuelson, Benjamin Sapp, Bradley Sappington, B. Sargent, Arne Sauer, Silvia Scheithauer, Everett Schlawin, Joseph Schlitz, Tyler Schmitz, Analyn Schneider, Jürgen Schreiber, Vonessa Schulze, Ryan Schwab, John Scott, Kenneth Sembach, Clare Shanahan, Bryan Shaughnessy, Richard Shaw, Nanci Shawger, Christopher Shay, Evan Sheehan, Sharon Shen, Allan Sherman, Bernard Shiao, Hsin-Yi Shih, Irene Shivaei, Matthew Sienkiewicz, David Sing, Marco Sirianni, Anand Sivaramakrishnan, Joy Skipper, G. C. Sloan, Christine Slocum, Steven Slowinski, Erin Smith, Eric Smith, Denise Smith, Corbett Smith, Gregory Snyder, Warren Soh, Sangmo Tony Sohn, Christian Soto, Richard Spencer, Scott Stallcup, John Stansberry, Carl Starr, Elysia Starr, Alphonso Stewart, Massimo Stiavelli, Amber Straughn, David Strickland, Jeff Stys, Francis Summers, Fengwu Sun, Ben Sunnquist, Daryl Swade, Michael Swam, Robert Swaters, Robby Swoish, Joanna M. Taylor, Rolanda Taylor, Maurice Te Plate, Mason Tea, Kelly Teague, Randal Telfer, Tea Temim, Deepashri Thatte, Christopher Thompson, Linda Thompson, Shaun Thomson, Tuomo Tikkanen, William Tippet, Connor Todd, Sharon Toolan, Hien Tran, Edwin Trejo, Justin Truong, Chris Tsukamoto, Samuel Tustain, Harrison Tyra, Leonardo Ubeda, Kelli Underwood, Michael Uzzo, Julie Van Campen, Thomas Vandal, Bart Vandenbussche, Begoña Vila, Kevin Volk, Glenn Wahlgren, Mark Waldman, Chanda Walker, Michel Wander, Christine Warfield, Gerald Warner, Matthew Wasiak, Mitchell Watkins, Andrew Weaver, Mark Weilert, Nick Weiser, Ben Weiss, Sarah Weissman, Alan Welty, Garrett West, Lauren Wheate, Elizabeth Wheatley, Thomas Wheeler, Rick White, Kevin Whiteaker, Paul Whitehouse, Jennifer Whiteleather, William Whitman, Christina Williams, Christopher Willmer, Scott Willoughby, Andrew Wilson, Gregory Wirth, Emily Wislowski, Erin Wolf, David Wolfe, Schuyler Wolff, Bill Workman, Ray Wright, Carl Wu, Rai Wu, Kristen Wymer, Kayla Yates, Christopher Yeager, Jared Yeates, Ethan Yerger, Jinmi Yoon, Alice Young, Susan Yu, Dean Zak, Peter Zeidler, Julia Zhou, Thomas Zielinski, Cristian Zincke, Stephanie Zonak, Rigby, J., Perrin, M., Mcelwain, M., Kimble, R., Friedman, S., Lallo, M., Doyon, R., Feinberg, L., Ferruit, P., Glasse, A., Rieke, M., Rieke, G., Wright, G., Willott, C., Colon, K., Milam, S., Neff, S., Stark, C., Valenti, J., Abell, J., Abney, F., Abul-Huda, Y., Scott Acton, D., Adams, E., Adler, D., Aguilar, J., Ahmed, N., Albert, L., Alberts, S., Aldridge, D., Allen, M., Altenburg, M., Alvarez-Marquez, J., Alves de Oliveira, C., Andersen, G., Anderson, H., Anderson, S., Argyriou, I., Armstrong, A., Arribas, S., Artigau, E., Arvai, A., Atkinson, C., Bacon, G., Bair, T., Banks, K., Barrientes, J., Barringer, B., Bartosik, P., Bast, W., Baudoz, P., Beatty, T., Bechtold, K., Beck, T., Bergeron, E., Bergkoetter, M., Bhatawdekar, R., Birkmann, S., Blazek, R., Blome, C., Boccaletti, A., Boker, T., Boia, J., Bonaventura, N., Bond, N., Bosley, K., Boucarut, R., Bourque, M., Bouwman, J., Bower, G., Bowers, C., Boyer, M., Bradley, L., Brady, G., Braun, H., Breda, D., Bresnahan, P., Bright, S., Britt, C., Bromenschenkel, A., Brooks, B., Brooks, K., Brown, B., Brown, M., Brown, P., Bunker, A., Burger, M., Bushouse, H., Cale, S., Cameron, A., Cameron, P., Canipe, A., Caplinger, J., Caputo, F., Cara, M., Carey, L., Carniani, S., Carrasquilla, M., Carruthers, M., Case, M., Catherine, R., Chance, D., Chapman, G., Charlot, S., Charlow, B., Chayer, P., Chen, B., Cherinka, B., Chichester, S., Chilton, Z., Chonis, T., Clampin, M., Clark, C., Clark, K., Coe, D., Coleman, B., Comber, B., Comeau, T., Connolly, D., Cooper, J., Cooper, R., Coppock, E., Correnti, M., Cossou, C., Coulais, A., Coyle, L., Cracraft, M., Curti, M., Cuturic, S., Davis, K., Davis, M., Dean, B., Delisa, A., Demeester, W., Dencheva, N., Depasquale, J., Deschenes, J., Hunor Detre, I., Diaz, R., Dicken, D., Difelice, A., Dillman, M., Dixon, W., Doggett, J., Donaldson, T., Douglas, R., Duprie, K., Dupuis, J., Durning, J., Easmin, N., Eck, W., Edeani, C., Egami, E., Ehrenwinkler, R., Eisenhamer, J., Eisenhower, M., Elie, M., Elliott, J., Elliott, K., Ellis, T., Engesser, M., Espinoza, N., Etienne, O., Etxaluze, M., Falini, P., Feeney, M., Ferry, M., Filippazzo, J., Fincham, B., Fix, M., Flagey, N., Florian, M., Flynn, J., Fontanella, E., Ford, T., Forshay, P., Fox, O., Franz, D., Fu, H., Fullerton, A., Galkin, S., Galyer, A., Garcia Marin, M., Gardner, J. P., Gardner, L., Garland, D., Garrett, B., Gasman, D., Gaspar, A., Gaudreau, D., Gauthier, P., Geers, V., Geithner, P., Gennaro, M., Giardino, G., Girard, J., Giuliano, M., Glassmire, K., Glauser, A., Glazer, S., Godfrey, J., Golimowski, D., Gollnitz, D., Gong, F., Gonzaga, S., Gordon, M., Gordon, K., Goudfrooij, P., Greene, T., Greenhouse, M., Grimaldi, S., Groebner, A., Grundy, T., Guillard, P., Gutman, I., Ha, K. Q., Haderlein, P., Hagedorn, A., Hainline, K., Haley, C., Hami, M., Hamilton, F., Hammel, H., Hansen, C., Harkins, T., Harr, M., Hart, J., Hart, Q., Hartig, G., Hashimoto, R., Haskins, S., Hathaway, W., Havey, K., Hayden, B., Hecht, K., Heller-Boyer, C., Henriques, C., Henry, A., Hermann, K., Hernandez, S., Hesman, B., Hicks, B., Hilbert, B., Hines, D., Hoffman, M., Holfeltz, S., Holler, B. J., Hoppa, J., Hott, K., Howard, J. M., Howard, R., Hunter, A., Hunter, D., Hurst, B., Husemann, B., Hustak, L., Ilinca Ignat, L., Illingworth, G., Irish, S., Jackson, W., Jahromi, A., Jakobsen, P., James, L., James, B., Januszewski, W., Jenkins, A., Jirdeh, H., Johnson, P., Johnson, T., Jones, V., Jones, R., Jones, D., Jones, O., Jordan, I., Jordan, M., Jurczyk, S., Jurling, A., Kaleida, C., Kalmanson, P., Kammerer, J., Kang, H., Kao, S. -H., Karakla, D., Kavanagh, P., Kelly, D., Kendrew, S., Kennedy, H., Kenny, D., Keski-Kuha, R., Keyes, C., Kidwell, R., Kinzel, W., Kirk, J., Kirkpatrick, M., Kirshenblat, D., Klaassen, P., Knapp, B., Scott Knight, J., Knollenberg, P., Koehler, R., Koekemoer, A., Kovacs, A., Kulp, T., Kumari, N., Kyprianou, M., La Massa, S., Labador, A., Labiano, A., Lagage, P. -O., Lajoie, C. -P., Lam, M., Lamb, T., Lambros, S., Lampenfield, R., Langston, J., Larson, K., Law, D., Lawrence, J., Lee, D., Leisenring, J., Lepo, K., Leveille, M., Levenson, N., Levine, M., Levy, Z., Lewis, D., Lewis, H., Libralato, M., Lightsey, P., Link, M., Liu, L., Lo, A., Lockwood, A., Logue, R., Long, C., Long, D., Loomis, C., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lorenzo Alvarez, J., Love-Pruitt, J., Lucy, A., Luetzgendorf, N., Maghami, P., Maiolino, R., Major, M., Malla, S., Malumuth, E., Manjavacas, E., Mannfolk, C., Marrione, A., Marston, A., Martel, A., Maschmann, M., Masci, G., Masciarelli, M., Maszkiewicz, M., Mather, J., Mckenzie, K., Mclean, B., Mcmaster, M., Melbourne, K., Melendez, M., Menzel, M., Merz, K., Meyett, M., Meza, L., Miskey, C., Misselt, K., Moller, C., Morrison, J., Morse, E., Moseley, H., Mosier, G., Mountain, M., Mueckay, J., Mueller, M., Mullally, S., Murphy, J., Murray, K., Murray, C., Mustelier, D., Muzerolle, J., Mycroft, M., Myers, R., Myrick, K., Nanavati, S., Nance, E., Nayak, O., Naylor, B., Nelan, E., Nickson, B., Nielson, A., Nieto-Santisteban, M., Nikolov, N., Noriega-Crespo, A., O'Shaughnessy, B., O'Sullivan, B., Ochs, W., Ogle, P., Oleszczuk, B., Olmsted, J., Osborne, S., Ottens, R., Owens, B., Pacifici, C., Pagan, A., Page, J., Park, S., Parrish, K., Patapis, P., Paul, L., Pauly, T., Pavlovsky, C., Pedder, A., Peek, M., Pena-Guerrero, M., Penanen, K., Perez, Y., Perna, M., Perriello, B., Phillips, K., Pietraszkiewicz, M., Pinaud, J. -P., Pirzkal, N., Pitman, J., Piwowar, A., Platais, V., Player, D., Plesha, R., Pollizi, J., Polster, E., Pontoppidan, K., Porterfield, B., Proffitt, C., Pueyo, L., Pulliam, C., Quirt, B., Quispe Neira, I., Ramos Alarcon, R., Ramsay, L., Rapp, G., Rapp, R., Rauscher, B., Ravindranath, S., Rawle, T., Regan, M., Reichard, T. A., Reis, C., Ressler, M. E., Rest, A., Reynolds, P., Rhue, T., Richon, K., Rickman, E., Ridgaway, M., Ritchie, C., Rix, H. -W., Robberto, M., Robinson, G., Robinson, M., Robinson, O., Rock, F., Rodriguez, D., Rodriguez Del Pino, B., Roellig, T., Rohrbach, S., Roman, A., Romelfanger, F., Rose, P., Roteliuk, A., Roth, M., Rothwell, B., Rowlands, N., Roy, A., Royer, P., Royle, P., Rui, C., Rumler, P., Runnels, J., Russ, M., Rustamkulov, Z., Ryden, G., Ryer, H., Sabata, M., Sabatke, D., Sabbi, E., Samuelson, B., Sapp, B., Sappington, B., Sargent, B., Sauer, A., Scheithauer, S., Schlawin, E., Schlitz, J., Schmitz, T., Schneider, A., Schreiber, J., Schulze, V., Schwab, R., Scott, J., Sembach, K., Shanahan, C., Shaughnessy, B., Shaw, R., Shawger, N., Shay, C., Sheehan, E., Shen, S., Sherman, A., Shiao, B., Shih, H. -Y., Shivaei, I., Sienkiewicz, M., Sing, D., Sirianni, M., Sivaramakrishnan, A., Skipper, J., Sloan, G. C., Slocum, C., Slowinski, S., Smith, E., Smith, D., Smith, C., Snyder, G., Soh, W., Tony Sohn, S., Soto, C., Spencer, R., Stallcup, S., Stansberry, J., Starr, C., Starr, E., Stewart, A., Stiavelli, M., Straughn, A., Strickland, D., Stys, J., Summers, F., Sun, F., Sunnquist, B., Swade, D., Swam, M., Swaters, R., Swoish, R., Taylor, J. M., Taylor, R., Te Plate, M., Tea, M., Teague, K., Telfer, R., Temim, T., Thatte, D., Thompson, C., Thompson, L., Thomson, S., Tikkanen, T., Tippet, W., Todd, C., Toolan, S., Tran, H., Trejo, E., Truong, J., Tsukamoto, C., Tustain, S., Tyra, H., Ubeda, L., Underwood, K., Uzzo, M., Van Campen, J., Vandal, T., Vandenbussche, B., Vila, B., Volk, K., Wahlgren, G., Waldman, M., Walker, C., Wander, M., Warfield, C., Warner, G., Wasiak, M., Watkins, M., Weaver, A., Weilert, M., Weiser, N., Weiss, B., Weissman, S., Welty, A., West, G., Wheate, L., Wheatley, E., Wheeler, T., White, R., Whiteaker, K., Whitehouse, P., Whiteleather, J., Whitman, W., Williams, C., Willmer, C., Willoughby, S., Wilson, A., Wirth, G., Wislowski, E., Wolf, E., Wolfe, D., Wolff, S., Workman, B., Wright, R., Wu, C., Wu, R., Wymer, K., Yates, K., Yeager, C., Yeates, J., Yerger, E., Yoon, J., Young, A., Yu, S., Zak, D., Zeidler, P., Zhou, J., Zielinski, T., Zincke, C., Zonak, S., and bibliotheque, la.

Subjects
Science & Technology, Observatories, Infrared astronomy, Astronomical instrumentation, INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH NIRSPEC, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Space and Planetary Science, Physical Sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies., Comment: 5th version as accepted to PASP; 31 pages, 18 figures; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1538-3873/acb293

Published
2022
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36. ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: A spectral stacking analysis of [CII] in lensed $z\sim6$ galaxies

Author

Nicolas Laporte, Adi Zitrin, Seiji Fujimoto, Eiichi Egami, Jean Baptiste Jolly, Miroslava Dessauges-Zavadsky, Daniel Schaerer, Franz E. Bauer, Kotaro Kohno, Wei-Hao Wang, Georgios E. Magdis, Fengwu Sun, Francesco Valentino, Yiping Ao, Johan Richard, Kirsten Kraiberg Knudsen, Daniel Espada, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Library science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, high-redshift [Galaxies], statistics [Galaxies], Observatory, galaxies: high-redshift, galaxies: formation, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, galaxies: statistics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, radio lines: galaxies, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Member states, Astronomy and Astrophysics, evolution [Galaxies], formation [Galaxies], Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, galaxies [Radio lines], Space and Planetary Science, Research council, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], galaxies: star formation, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Christian ministry, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, galaxies: evolution, Cosmic time
Abstract

Context. The properties of galaxies at redshift z > 6 hold the key to our understanding of the early stages of galaxy evolution and can potentially identify the sources of the ultraviolet radiation that give rise to the epoch of reionisation. The far-infrared cooling line of [C II] at 158 μm is known to be bright and correlate with the star formation rate (SFR) of low-redshift galaxies, and hence is also suggested to be an important tracer of star formation and interstellar medium properties for very high-redshift galaxies. Aims. With the aim to study the interstellar medium properties of gravitationally lensed galaxies at z > 6, we search for [C II] and thermal dust emission in a sample of 52 z ∼ 6 galaxies observed by the ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey. Methods. We perform our analysis using LINESTACKER, stacking both [C II] and continuum emission. The target sample is selected from multiple catalogues, and the sample galaxies have spectroscopic redshift or low-uncertainty photometric redshifts (σz Results. Our analyses find no detection of either [C II] or continuum. An upper limit on L[CII] is derived, implying that [C II] remains marginally consistent for low-SFR z > 6 galaxies but likely is under-luminous compared to the local L[CII]-SFR relationship. We discuss potential biases and possible physical effects that may be the cause of the non-detection. Further, the upper limit on the dust continuum implies that less than half of the star formation is obscured.

Published
2021

37. Subaru/HSC identifications of protocluster candidates at z ∼ 6–7: Implications for cosmic reionization

Author

Tomotsugu Goto, Masayuki Tanaka, Nobunari Kashikawa, Kei Ito, Seiji Fujimoto, Akira Konno, Eiichi Egami, Yuichi Harikane, Roderik Overzier, Akio K. Inoue, Takatoshi Shibuya, Shogo Ishikawa, Jun Toshikawa, Yutaka Komiyama, Ryo Higuchi, Yi-Kuan Chiang, Masami Ouchi, Yoshiaki Ono, Kenji Hasegawa, and Takashi Kojima

Subjects
Physics, COSMIC cancer database, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Reionization
Abstract

We report fourteen and twenty-eight protocluster candidates at z = 5.7 and 6.6 over 14 and 19 deg2 areas, respectively, selected from 2,230 Lyα emitters (LAEs) photometrically identified with Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) deep images. Six out of the 42 protocluster candidates include at least 1 spectroscopically confirmed LAEs at redshifts up to z = 6.574. By the comparisons with the cosmological Lyα radiative transfer (RT) model reproducing LAEs with the reionization effects, we find that more than a half of these protocluster candidates might be progenitors of the present-day clusters with a mass of ≳ 1014M⊙. We also investigate the correlation between LAE overdensity and Lya rest-frame equivalent width (EW), because the cosmological Lyα RT model suggests that a slope of EW-overdensity relation is steepened towards the epoch of cosmic reionization (EoR), due to the existence of the ionized bubbles around galaxy overdensities easing the escape of Lyα emission from the partly neutral intergalactic medium. The available HSC data suggest that the slope of the EW-overdensity correlation does not evolve from the post-reionization epoch z = 5.7 to the EoR z = 6.6 beyond the moderately large statistical errors.

Published
2019

38. The SCUBA-2 Cluster Snapshot Survey – I. Catalogue of lensed galaxies and submillimetre-bright central galaxies

Author

Eiichi Egami, M. T. Hogan, Alastair C. Edge, Ryan A Cheale, Andrew Blain, James E. Geach, Tracy Webb, T. D. Rawle, and Scott Chapman

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Flux, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy, Redshift, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Cluster (physics), Snapshot (computer storage), Millimeter, Brightest cluster galaxy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The SCUBA-2 Cluster Snapshot Survey (S2CSS) observed 202 rich clusters of galaxies at 850 μm in relatively poor submillimetre observing conditions (⁠τ_(225 GHz) > 0.1⁠) with the aim of identifying rare examples of bright (tens of mJy) gravitationally lensed submillimetre galaxies. The S2CSS covered over 0.33 deg^2 to an average depth of σ_(850) ≈ 12 mJy beam^(−1). Here we present a sample of 97 bright 850-μm point sources selected from the S2CSS that are potentially gravitationally lensed, and eight sources for which the strong submillimetre emission is co-located with the central brightest cluster galaxy (BCG). We construct far-infrared spectral energy distributions for those sources with Herschel SPIRE coverage and use these distributions to estimate the redshifts and luminosities of the sources. The bright submillimetre flux density of our sources makes them excellent targets for detailed follow-up work that will allow the detection of spectral features in the submillimetre/millimetre that would otherwise be too faint to detect. Through a stacking analysis, we also investigate the average submillimetre/radio properties of BCGs, determining the average 850-μm flux of BCGs as a function of radio luminosity.

Published
2019

39. Mid-IR cosmological spectrophotometric surveys from space: Measuring AGN and star formation at the cosmic noon with a SPICA-like mission

Author

Eiichi Egami, Sabrina Mordini, Evanthia Hatziminaoglou, Francesco Calura, Cristian Vignali, A. Labiano, Giulia Rodighiero, J. A. Fernández-Ontiveros, L. Bisigello, Luigi Spinoglio, Toru Yamada, David Elbaz, Kotaro Kohno, Lingyu Wang, Hideo Matsuhara, David A. Naylor, Eduardo Gonzalez Alfonso, Helmut Dannerbauer, Almudena Alonso-Herrero, Stephen Serjeant, Lee Armus, Miguel Pereira-Santaella, Asantha Cooray, L. Graziani, Tohru Nagao, Georgios E. Magdis, Matthew A. Malkan, Hidehiro Kaneda, Francesca Pozzi, Carlotta Gruppioni, Peter Roelfsema, Roberto Decarli, Francisco J. Carrera, Alberto Franceschini, Astronomy, Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Instituto de Astrofísica de Cantabria, MDM-2017-0765, Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737, Spignoglio, L. [0000-0001-8840-1551], Fernández Ontiveros, J. A. [0000-0001-9490-899X], Gruppioni, C. [0000-0002-5836-4056], Graziani, L. [0000-0002-9231-1505], Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), Comunidad de Madrid, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Research Council, Spinoglio L., Mordini S., Fernandez-Ontiveros J.A., Alonso-Herrero A., Armus L., Bisigello L., Calura F., Carrera F.J., Cooray A., Dannerbauer H., Decarli R., Egami E., Elbaz D., Franceschini A., Gonzalez Alfonso E., Graziani L., Gruppioni C., Hatziminaoglou E., Kaneda H., Kohno K., Labiano A., Magdis G., Malkan M.A., Matsuhara H., Nagao T., Naylor D., Pereira-Santaella M., Pozzi F., Rodighiero G., Roelfsema P., Serjeant S., Vignali C., Wang L., and Yamada T.

Subjects
active [Galaxies], astro-ph.GA, Extinction (astronomy), galaxies: active, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Keywords, star formation [Galaxies], Luminosity, spectroscopic [Techniques], infrared: galaxies, galaxies [Infrared], 0103 physical sciences, Galaxy formation and evolution, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Luminosity function (astronomy), Physics, Luminous infrared galaxy, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, infrared: galaxie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, telescopes, evolution [Galaxies], Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Redshift, Galaxy, galaxies: evolution, galaxies: star formation, techniques: spectroscopic, Other Physical Sciences, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Telescopes
Abstract

arXiv:2103.03584v1, We use the SPace Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA) project as a template to demonstrate how deep spectrophotometric surveys covering large cosmological volumes over extended fields (1–15 deg2) with a mid-IR imaging spectrometer (17–36 µm) in conjunction with deep photometry with a far-IR camera, at wavelengths which are not affected by dust extinction can answer the most crucial questions in current galaxy evolution studies. A SPICA-like mission will be able for the first time to provide an unobscured three-dimensional (3D, i.e. x, y, and redshift z) view of galaxy evolution back to an age of the universe of less than ∼ 2 Gyrs, in the mid-IR rest frame. This survey strategy will produce a full census of the Star Formation Rate (SFR) in the universe, using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) bands and fine-structure ionic lines, reaching the characteristic knee of the galaxy luminosity function, where the bulk of the population is distributed, at any redshift up to z ∼ 3.5. Deep follow-up pointed spectroscopic observations with grating spectrometers onboard the satellite, across the full IR spectral range (17–210 µm), would simultaneously measure Black Hole Accretion Rate (BHAR), from high-ionisation fine-structure lines, and SFR, from PAH and low- to mid-ionisation lines in thousands of galaxies from solar to low metallicities, down to the knee of their luminosity functions. The analysis of the resulting atlas of IR spectra will reveal the physical processes at play in evolving galaxies across cosmic time, especially its heavily dust-embedded phase during the activity peak at the cosmic noon (z ∼ 1–3), through IR emission lines and features that are insensitive to the dust obscuration., LS and JAFO acknowledge financial support by the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) under the research contract 2018-31-HH.0. AAH acknowledges support from grants PGC2018-094671-B-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER,UE) and No. MDM-2017-0737 at Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu-Centro de Astrobiología (INTACSIC). FJC acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry MCIU under project RTI2018-096686-B-C21 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER/UE), cofunded by FEDER funds and from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu, ref. MDM-2017-0765. HD acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) under the 2014 Ramón y Cajal program RYC-2014-15686 and AYA2017-84061-P, the later one co-financed by FEDER (European Regional Development Funds). AL acknowledges the support from Comunidad de Madrid through the Atracción de Talento grant 2017-T1/TIC-5213. MPS acknowledges support from the Comunidad de Madrid, Spain, through Atracción de Talento Investigador Grant 2018-T1/TIC-11035.

Published
2021

40. Stacked phase-space density of galaxies around massive clusters: Comparison of dynamical and lensing masses

Author

Eiichi Egami, Masato Shirasaki, Satoshi Miyazaki, and Nobuhiro Okabe

Subjects
Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, General relativity, FOS: Physical sciences, Velocity dispersion, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Observable, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Gravitational constant, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Phase space, 0103 physical sciences, Cluster (physics), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Galaxy cluster, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a measurement of average histograms of line-of-sight velocities over pairs of galaxies and galaxy clusters. Since the histogram can be measured at different galaxy-cluster separations, this observable is commonly referred to as the stacked phase-space density. We formulate the stacked phase-space density based on a halo-model approach so that the model can be applied to real samples of galaxies and clusters. We examine our model by using an actual sample of massive clusters with known weak-lensing masses and spectroscopic observations of galaxies around the clusters. A likelihood analysis with our model enables us to infer the spherical-symmetric velocity dispersion of observed galaxies in massive clusters. We find the velocity dispersion of galaxies surrounding clusters with their lensing masses of $1.1\times10^{15}\, h^{-1}M_{\odot}$ to be $1180^{+83}_{-70}\, \mathrm{km/s}$ at the 68\% confidence level. Our constraint confirms that the relation between the galaxy velocity dispersion and the host cluster mass in our sample is consistent with the prediction in dark-matter-only N-body simulations under General Relativity. Assuming that the Poisson equation in clusters can be altered by an effective gravitational constant of $G_\mathrm{eff}$, our measurement of the velocity dispersion can place a tight constraint of $0.88 < G_\mathrm{eff}/G_\mathrm{N} < 1.29\, (68\%)$ at length scales of a few Mpc about $2.5$ Giga years ago, where $G_\mathrm{N}$ is the Newton's constant., 22 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2021

41. Extensive lensing survey of optical and near-infrared dark objects (el Sonido)

Author

Matteo Bianconi, Paul van der Werf, John R. Weaver, Anton M. Koekemoer, Eiichi Egami, Hakim Atek, Georgios E. Magdis, Jean-Baptiste Jolly, Pablo G. Pérez-González, Francoise Combes, Wiphu Rujopakarn, Scott Chapman, Mathilde Jauzac, U. Dudzevičiūtė, Daniel Schaerer, Gregory Walth, Seiji Fujimoto, Ian Smail, Franz E. Bauer, Giulia Rodighiero, Kotaro Kohno, Timothy D. Rawle, Karina Caputi, Fengwu Sun, Charles L. Steinhardt, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Physics [Durham University], Durham University, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute [Groningen], University of Groningen [Groningen], Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), European Space Agency (ESA), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Physics and Astronomy [Birmingham], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Eureka Scientific, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA (UMR_8112)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Chaire Galaxies et cosmologie, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Onsala Space Observatory (OSO), Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), National Space Institute [Lyngby] (DTU Space), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Universita degli Studi di Padova, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Chulalongkorn University [Bangkok], National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT), Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe [Tokyo] (Kavli IPMU), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève (ObsGE), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], and Astronomy

Subjects
Stellar mass, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Star (game theory), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - astrophysics of galaxies, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, infrared: galaxies, galaxies: high-redshift, 0103 physical sciences, Galaxy formation and evolution, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Continuum (set theory), education, 594, 790, 734, 1570, 670, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Photometric redshift, Physics, education.field_of_study, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, gravitational lensing: strong, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), galaxies: structure, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, galaxies: evolution
Abstract

We present a Spitzer/IRAC survey of H-faint ($H_{160} \gtrsim 26.4$, $, Comment: 26 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2021

42. ALMA 1.3 mm survey of lensed submillimeter galaxies selected by Herschel

Author

Ian Smail, Miroslava Dessauges-Zavadsky, Eiichi Egami, Pablo G. Pérez-González, Kimihiko Nakajima, Francoise Combes, Gregory Walth, T. D. Rawle, Scott Chapman, Ivan Valtchanov, Fengwu Sun, Alexis Finoguenov, Harald Ebeling, Antonio Cava, Frédéric Boone, Bruno Altieri, Paul van der Werf, R. Pello, Johan Richard, B. Clement, Daniel Schaerer, Wiphu Rujopakarn, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA (UMR_8112)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Department of Physics, Sun, F. [0000-0002-4622-6617], Rawle, T. D. [0000-0002-7028-5588], Walth, G. L. [0000-0002-6313-6808], Smail, I. [0000-0003-3037-257X], Dessauges-Zavadsky, M. [0000-0003-0348-2917], Pérez González, P. G. [0000-0003-4528-5639], Richard, J. [0000-0001-5492-1049], Combes, F. [0000-0003-2658-7893], Ebeling, H. [0000-0001-8249-2739], Pelló, R. [0000-0003-0858-6109], Werf, P. V. [0000-0001-5434-5942], Altieri, B. [0000-0003-3936-0284], Cava, A. [0000-0002-4821-1275], Finoguenov, A. [0000-0002-4606-5403], Nakajima, K. [0000-0003-2965-5070], Rujopakarn, W. [0000-0002-0303-499X], Schaerer, D. [0000-0001-7144-7182], Valtchanov, I. [0000-0001-9930-7886], Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Subjects
Infrared galaxies, Astrophysics - astrophysics of galaxies, Continuum (design consultancy), FOS: Physical sciences, Starburst galaxies, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, High redshift galaxies, 01 natural sciences, Submillimetre astronomy, 734, 1570, 790, 594, 1647, Galaxy evolution, 0103 physical sciences, Galaxy formation and evolution, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Surface brightness, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Galaxy cluster, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Luminous infrared galaxy, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), High-redshift galaxies, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Submillimeter astronomy
Abstract

We present an ALMA 1.3 mm (Band 6) continuum survey of lensed submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at $z=1.0\sim3.2$ with an angular resolution of $\sim0.2$". These galaxies were uncovered by the Herschel Lensing Survey (HLS), and feature exceptionally bright far-infrared continuum emission ($S_\mathrm{peak} \gtrsim 90$ mJy) owing to their lensing magnification. We detect 29 sources in 20 fields of massive galaxy clusters with ALMA. Using both the Spitzer/IRAC (3.6/4.5 $\mathrm{\mu m}$) and ALMA data, we have successfully modeled the surface brightness profiles of 26 sources in the rest-frame near- and far-infrared. Similar to previous studies, we find the median dust-to-stellar continuum size ratio to be small ($R_\mathrm{e,dust}/R_\mathrm{e,star} = 0.38\pm0.14$) for the observed SMGs, indicating that star formation is centrally concentrated. This is, however, not the case for two spatially extended main-sequence SMGs with a low surface brightness at 1.3 mm ($\lesssim 0.1$ mJy arcsec$^{-2}$), in which the star formation is distributed over the entire galaxy ($R_\mathrm{e,dust}/R_\mathrm{e,star}>1$). As a whole, our SMG sample shows a tight anti-correlation between ($R_\mathrm{e,dust}/R_\mathrm{e,star}$) and far-infrared surface brightness ($\Sigma_\mathrm{IR}$) over a factor of $\simeq$ 1000 in $\Sigma_\mathrm{IR}$. This indicates that SMGs with less vigorous star formation (i.e., lower $\Sigma_\mathrm{IR}$) lack central starburst and are likely to retain a broader spatial distribution of star formation over the whole galaxies (i.e., larger $R_\mathrm{e,dust}/R_\mathrm{e,star}$). The same trend can be reproduced with cosmological simulations as a result of central starburst and potentially subsequent "inside-out" quenching, which likely accounts for the emergence of compact quiescent galaxies at $z\sim2$., Comment: 32 pages, 18 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2021

43. A possible bright ultraviolet flash from a galaxy at redshift z ~ 11

Author

Eiichi Egami, Hai-Bin Zhao, Nobunari Kashikawa, Zheng Cai, Lin-Hua Jiang, Yi-Si Yang, Bing Zhang, Bin-Bin Zhang, Gregory Walth, Shu Wang, and Luis C. Ho

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Solar System, Brightness, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Star formation, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy, Redshift, Sky, 0103 physical sciences, Gamma-ray burst, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Reionization, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract

In the optical sky, minutes-duration transients from cosmological distances are rare. Known objects that give rise to such transients include gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the most luminous explosions in the universe that have been detected at redshift as high as z ~ 9.4. These high-redshift GRBs and their associated emission can be used to probe the star formation and reionization history in the era of cosmic dawn. Here we report a near-infrared transient with an observed duration shorter than 245 s coincident with the luminous star-forming galaxy GN-z11 at z ~ 11. The telluric absorption shown in the near-infrared spectrum indicates its origin from above the atmosphere. We can rule out the possibility of known man-made objects or moving objects in the Solar system based on the observational information and our current understanding of the properties of these objects. Since some long-duration GRBs are associated with a bright ultraviolet (UV) or optical flash, we investigate the possibility that the detected signal arose from a rest-frame UV flash associated with a long GRB from GN-z11. Despite the very low probability of being a GRB, we find that the spectrum, brightness, and duration of the transient are consistent with such an interpretation. Our result may suggest that long GRBs can be produced as early as 420 million years after the Big Bang., Published in Nature Astronomy on Dec 14, 2020; 19 pages; authors' version

Published
2020

44. The Magellan M2FS Spectroscopic Survey of High-Redshift Galaxies: A Sample of 260 Ly$\alpha$ Emitters at Redshift $z\approx5.7$

Author

Eiichi Egami, Yuanhang Ning, Jin Wu, Zhen-Ya Zheng, Xue-Bing Wu, Xiaohui Fan, Fuyan Bian, Linhua Jiang, Yue Shen, Ran Wang, and Luis C. Ho

Subjects
Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Sample (graphics), Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Redshift, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a spectroscopic survey of Ly$\alpha$ emitters (LAEs) at $z\approx5.7$ using the multi-object spectrograph M2FS on the Magellan Clay telescope. This is part of a high-redshift galaxy survey carried out in several well-studied deep fields. These fields have deep images in multiple UV/optical bands, including a narrow NB816 band that has allowed an efficient selection of LAE candidates at $z\approx5.7$. Our sample consists of 260 LAEs and covers a total effective area of more than two square degrees on the sky. This is so far the largest (spectroscopically confirmed) sample of LAEs at this redshift. We use the secure redshifts and narrowband photometry to measure Ly$\alpha$ luminosities. We find that these LAEs span a Ly$\alpha$ luminosity range of $\sim 2\times10^{42} - 5\times10^{43}$ erg s$^{-1}$, and include some of the most luminous galaxies known at $z \ge 5.7$ in terms of Ly$\alpha$ luminosity. Most of them have rest-frame equivalent widths between 20 and 300 \r{A}, and more luminous Ly$\alpha$ emission lines tend to have broader line widths. We detect a clear offset of $\sim20$ \r{A} between the observed Ly$\alpha$ wavelength distribution and the NB816 filter transmission curve, which can be explained by the intergalactic medium absorption of continua blueward of Ly$\alpha$ in the high-redshift spectra. This sample is being used to study the Ly$\alpha$ luminosity function and galaxy properties at $z\approx5.7$., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables; Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2020

45. ALMA twenty-six arcmin2 survey of GOODS-S at one millimeter (ASAGAO): Millimeter properties of stellar mass selected galaxies

Author

Wiphu Rujopakarn, Yuki Yamaguchi, Yoshihiro Ueda, Ken-ichi Tadaki, Yoichi Tamura, Haruka Kusakabe, Natsuki H. Hayatsu, James Dunlop, Bunyo Hatsukade, Hideki Umehata, Tadayuki Kodama, Rob Ivison, Kotaro Kohno, Daniel Espada, Yiping Ao, Seiji Fujimoto, Tohru Nagao, Eiichi Egami, Yuki Yoshimura, Tao Wang, Masami Ouchi, and Wei-Hao Wang

Subjects
Stellar mass, astro-ph.GA, IRX-BETA RELATION, galaxies [submillimeter], PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFT SURVEY, 01 natural sciences, BOLOMETER CAMERA, 0103 physical sciences, SOURCE CATALOG, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, evolution [galaxies], Physics, DUST ATTENUATION, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, AZTEC/ASTE 1.1-MM SURVEY, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, COSMIC STAR-FORMATION, Galaxy, LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES, Space and Planetary Science, DEEP-FIELD-SOUTH, Millimeter, star formation [galaxies], FORMATION RATE DENSITY, high-redshift [galaxies]
Abstract

We make use of the ALMA twenty-Six Arcmin2 survey of GOODS-S At One-millimeter (ASAGAO), deep 1.2 mm continuum observations of a 26-arcmin2 region in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-South (GOODS-S) obtained with Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA), to probe dust-enshrouded star formation in K-band selected (i.e., stellar mass selected) galaxies, which are drawn from the FourStar Galaxy Evolution Survey (ZFOURGE) catalog. Based on the ASAGAO combined map, which was created by combining ASAGAO and ALMA archival data in the GOODS-South field, we find that 24 ZFOURGE sources have 1.2 mm counterparts with a signal-to-noise ratio >4.5 (1σ ≃ 30–70 μJy beam−1 at 1.2 mm). Their median redshift is estimated to be zmedian = 2.38 ± 0.14. They generally follow the tight relationship of the stellar mass versus star formation rate (i.e., the main sequence of star-forming galaxies). ALMA-detected ZFOURGE sources exhibit systematically larger infrared (IR) excess (IRX ≡ LIR/LUV) compared to ZFOURGE galaxies without ALMA detections even though they have similar redshifts, stellar masses, and star formation rates. This implies the consensus stellar-mass versus IRX relation, which is known to be tight among rest-frame-ultraviolet-selected galaxies, cannot fully predict the ALMA detectability of stellar-mass-selected galaxies. We find that ALMA-detected ZFOURGE sources are the main contributors to the cosmic IR star formation rate density at z = 2–3.

Published
2020

46. Large population of ALMA galaxies at z > 6 with very high [O III] 88 m to [C II] 158 m flux ratios: evidence of extremely high ionization parameter or PDR deficit?

Author

Yuma Sugahara, Kotaro Kohno, Eiichi Egami, Ken-ichi Tadaki, Akio K. Inoue, Hiroshi Matsuo, Livia Vallini, Yuichi Matsuda, Masami Ouchi, Yoichi Tamura, Andrea Ferrara, Takatoshi Shibuya, Yuichi Harikane, T. Bakx, Takuya Hashimoto, Takashi Kojima, Yoshiaki Ono, Tohru Nagao, Kana Moriwaki, Yoshiki Matsuoka, Andrea Pallottini, Simona Gallerani, Seiji Fujimoto, Harikane, Y., Ouchi, M., Inoue, A. K., Matsuoka, Y., Tamura, Y., Bakx, T., Fujimoto, S., Moriwaki, K., Ono, Y., Nagao, T., Tadaki, K. -I., Kojima, T., Shibuya, T., Egami, E., Ferrara, A., Gallerani, S., Hashimoto, T., Kohno, K., Matsuda, Y., Matsuo, H., Pallottini, A., Sugahara, Y., and Vallini, L.

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Doubly ionized oxygen, Flux, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Abundance of the chemical elements, Luminosity, Space and Planetary Science, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Galaxy formation and evolution, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic dust
Abstract

We present our new ALMA observations targeting [OIII]88um, [CII]158um, [NII]122um, and dust continuum emission for three Lyman break galaxies at z=6.0293-6.2037 identified in the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam survey. We clearly detect [OIII] and [CII] lines from all of the galaxies at 4.3-11.8sigma levels, and identify multi-band dust continuum emission in two of the three galaxies, allowing us to estimate infrared luminosities and dust temperatures simultaneously. In conjunction with previous ALMA observations for six galaxies at z>6, we confirm that all the nine z=6-9 galaxies have high [OIII]/[CII] ratios of L[OIII]/L[CII]~3-20, ~10 times higher than z~0 galaxies. We also find a positive correlation between the [OIII]/[CII] ratio and the Lya equivalent width (EW) at the ~90% confidence level. We carefully investigate physical origins of the high [OIII]/[CII] ratios at z=6-9 using Cloudy, and find that high density of the interstellar medium, low C/O abundance ratio, and the cosmic microwave background attenuation are responsible to only a part of the z=6-9 galaxies. Instead, the observed high [OIII]/[CII] ratios are explained by 10-100 times higher ionization parameters or low photodissociation region (PDR) covering fractions of 0-10%, both of which are consistent with our [NII] observations. The latter scenario can be reproduced with a density bounded nebula with PDR deficit, which would enhance the Lya, Lyman continuum, and C+ ionizing photons escape from galaxies, consistent with the [OIII]/[CII]-Lya EW correlation we find., Comment: 20 pages, 18 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2020

47. Simulating JWST/NIRCam Color Selection of High-Redshift Galaxies

Author

Andrew Bunker, Emma Curtis-Lake, Michael V. Maseda, Irene Shivaei, Raphael E. Hviding, Stacey Alberts, Christopher N. A. Willmer, Sandro Tacchella, Christina C. Williams, Kristan N. K. Boyett, Renske Smit, Kevin N. Hainline, Marcia J. Rieke, Eiichi Egami, Ryan Endsley, Hainline, KN [0000-0003-4565-8239], Hviding, RE [0000-0002-4684-9005], Rieke, M [0000-0002-7893-6170], Shivaei, I [0000-0003-4702-7561], Endsley, R [0000-0003-4564-2771], Smit, R [0000-0001-8034-7802], Williams, CC [0000-0003-2919-7495], Alberts, S [0000-0002-8909-8782], Maseda, MV [0000-0003-0695-4414], Tacchella, S [0000-0002-8224-4505], Willmer, CNA [0000-0001-9262-9997], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Brown dwarf, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Galaxy colors, 01 natural sciences, Photometry (optics), 0103 physical sciences, Emission spectrum, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, Selection (genetic algorithm), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, QB, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Near-infrared spectroscopy, James Webb Space Telescope, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Redshift, Galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), High-redshift galaxies
Abstract

The NIRCam instrument on the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will offer an unprecedented view of the most distant galaxies. In preparation for future deep NIRCam extragalactic surveys, it is crucial to understand the color selection of high-redshift galaxies using the Lyman dropout technique. To that end, we have used the JAdes extraGalactic Ultradeep Artificial Realizations (JAGUAR) mock catalog to simulate a series of extragalactic surveys with realistic noise estimates. This enables us to explore different color selections and their impact on the number density of recovered high-redshift galaxies and lower-redshift interlopers. We explore how survey depth, detection signal-to-noise ratio, color selection method, detection filter choice, and the presence of the Ly$\alpha$ emission line affects the resulting dropout selected samples. We find that redder selection colors reduce the number of recovered high-redshift galaxies, but the overall accuracy of the final sample is higher. In addition, we find that methods that utilize two or three color cuts have higher accuracy because of their ability to select against low-redshift quiescent and faint dusty interloper galaxies. We also explore the near-IR colors of brown dwarfs and demonstrate that, while they are predicted to have low on-sky densities, they are most likely to be recovered in F090W dropout selection, but there are color cuts which help to mitigate this contamination. Overall, our results provide NIRCam selection methods to aid in the creation of large, pure samples of ultra high-redshift galaxies from photometry alone., Comment: 24 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

Published
2020

48. The BUFFALO HST Survey

Author

Charles L. Steinhardt, Mathilde Jauzac, Ana Acebron, Hakim Atek, Peter Capak, Iary Davidzon, Dominique Eckert, David Harvey, Anton M. Koekemoer, Claudia D. P. Lagos, Guillaume Mahler, Mireia Montes, Anna Niemiec, Mario Nonino, P. A. Oesch, Johan Richard, Steven A. Rodney, Matthieu Schaller, Keren Sharon, Louis-Gregory Strolger, Joseph Allingham, Adam Amara, Yannick Bahé, Céline Bœhm, Sownak Bose, Rychard J. Bouwens, Larry D. Bradley, Gabriel Brammer, Tom Broadhurst, Rodrigo Cañas, Renyue Cen, Benjamin Clément, Douglas Clowe, Dan Coe, Thomas Connor, Behnam Darvish, Jose M. Diego, Harald Ebeling, A. C. Edge, Eiichi Egami, Stefano Ettori, Andreas L. Faisst, Brenda Frye, Lukas J. Furtak, C. Gómez-Guijarro, J. D. Remolina González, Anthony Gonzalez, Or Graur, Daniel Gruen, Hagan Hensley, Beryl Hovis-Afflerbach, Pascale Jablonka, Saurabh W. Jha, Eric Jullo, Jean-Paul Kneib, Vasily Kokorev, David J. Lagattuta, Marceau Limousin, Anja von der Linden, Nora B. Linzer, Adrian Lopez, Georgios E. Magdis, Richard Massey, Daniel C. Masters, Matteo Maturi, Curtis McCully, Sean L. McGee, Massimo Meneghetti, Bahram Mobasher, Leonidas A. Moustakas, Eric J. Murphy, Priyamvada Natarajan, Mark Neyrinck, Kyle O’Connor, Masamune Oguri, Amanda Pagul, Jason Rhodes, R. Michael Rich, Andrew Robertson, Mauro Sereno, Huanyuan Shan, Graham P. Smith, Albert Sneppen, Gordon K. Squires, Sut-Ieng Tam, Céline Tchernin, Sune Toft, Keiichi Umetsu, John R. Weaver, R. J. van Weeren, Liliya L. R. Williams, Tom J. Wilson, Lin Yan, Adi Zitrin, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, European Research Council, Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
hubble space telescope, galaxy evolution, Galaxy clusters, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Hubble Space Telescope, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ST/ N000633/1, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, high-redshift galaxies, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Mass distribution, strong-lensing analysis, Cosmic variance, spectral energy-distributions, Supernovae, hubble-frontier-fields, intracluster light, ST/L00075X/1, supernovae, Dark matter, gravitational lensing, Gravitational lensing, weak, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Galaxy evolution, Hubble space telescope, 0103 physical sciences, Cluster (physics), galaxy clusters, multiple images, STFC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, star-formation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, massive galaxy clusters, cosmological simulations, RCUK, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Redshift, Gravitational lens, dark-matter, ST/P00541/1, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), High-redshift galaxies, Catalogs, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], catalogs, MR/S017216/1
Abstract

Steinhardt et al., arXiv:2001.09999v2, The Beyond Ultra-deep Frontier Fields and Legacy Observations (BUFFALO) is a 101 orbit + 101 parallel Cycle 25 Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Treasury program taking data from 2018 to 2020. BUFFALO will expand existing coverage of the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) in Wide Field Camera 3/IR F105W, F125W, and F160W and Advanced Camera for Surveys/WFC F606W and F814W around each of the six HFF clusters and flanking fields. This additional area has not been observed by HST but is already covered by deep multiwavelength data sets, including Spitzer and Chandra. As with the original HFF program, BUFFALO is designed to take advantage of gravitational lensing from massive clusters to simultaneously find high-redshift galaxies that would otherwise lie below HST detection limits and model foreground clusters to study the properties of dark matter and galaxy assembly. The expanded area will provide the first opportunity to study both cosmic variance at high redshift and galaxy assembly in the outskirts of the large HFF clusters. Five additional orbits are reserved for transient follow-up. BUFFALO data including mosaics, value-added catalogs, and cluster mass distribution models will be released via MAST on a regular basis as the observations and analysis are completed for the six individual clusters., C.S. acknowledges support from the ERC Consolidator Grant funding scheme (project ConTExT, grant No. 648179). Y.M.B. acknowledges funding from the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement 747645 (ClusterGal). J.M.D. acknowledges the support of project PGC2018-101814-B-100 (MCIU/AEI/MINECO/FEDER, UE), Ministerio de Ciencia, Investigación y Universidades.

Published
2020

49. LoCuSS: exploring the connection between local environment, star formation and dust mass in Abell 1758

Author

Graham P. Smith, Eiichi Egami, Matteo Bianconi, Alexis Finoguenov, Sean L. McGee, Chris P. Haines, and Department of Physics

Subjects
SAMPLE, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, CHANDRA, Intracluster medium, X-RAY GROUPS, 0103 physical sciences, Galaxy formation and evolution, SIMPLE-MODEL, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, galaxies: clusters: individual: Abell 1758, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mass ratio, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, MOLECULAR GAS, EVOLUTION, Accretion (astrophysics), Galaxy, Redshift, GALAXIES, STELLAR, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), galaxies: star formation, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, galaxies: evolution, CLUSTERS, INFALL
Abstract

We explore the connection between dust and star formation, in the context of environmental effects on galaxy evolution. In particular, we exploit the susceptibility of dust to external processes to assess the influence of dense environment on star-forming galaxies. We have selected cluster Abell 1758 from the Local Cluster Substructure Survey (LoCuSS). Its complex dynamical state is an ideal test-bench to track dust removal and destruction in galaxies due to merger and accretion shocks. We present a systematic panchromatic study (from 0.15 $\rm \mu$m with GALEX to 500 $\rm \mu$m with Herschel) of spectroscopically confirmed star-forming cluster galaxies at intermediate redshift. We observe that the main subclusters (A1758N and A1758S) belong to two separate large-scale structures, with no overlapping galaxy members. Star-forming cluster members are distributed preferentially outside cluster central regions, and are not grouped in substructures. Rather, these galaxies are being funneled towards the main subclusters along separate accretion filaments. Additionally, we present the first study of dust-to-stellar (DTS) mass ratio used as indicator for local environmental influence on galaxy evolution. Star-forming cluster members show lower mean values (32% at 2.4$\rm \sigma$) of DTS mass ratio and lower levels of infrared emission from birth clouds with respect to coeval star-forming field galaxies. This picture is consistent with the majority of star-forming cluster members infalling in isolation. Upon accretion, star-formation is observed to decrease and warm dust is destroyed due to heating from the intracluster medium radiation, ram-pressure stripping and merger shocks., Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2020

50. Evidence for GN-z11 as a luminous galaxy at redshift 10.957

Author

Yongming Liang, Shu Wang, Luis C. Ho, Xiaohui Fan, Kei Ito, Zheng Cai, Daniel Schaerer, Gregory Walth, Nobunari Kashikawa, Daniel P. Stark, Lin-Hua Jiang, and Eiichi Egami

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), COSMIC cancer database, Active galactic nucleus, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stellar mass, Doubly ionized oxygen, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Redshift, Galaxy, Grism, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Emission spectrum, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

GN-z11 was photometrically selected as a luminous star-forming galaxy candidate at redshift z > 10 based on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging data. Follow-up HST near-infrared grism observations detected a continuum break that was explained as the Ly-alpha break corresponding to z = 11.09 (+0.08-0.12). However, its accurate redshift remained unclear. Here we report a probable detection of three ultraviolet (UV) emission lines from GN-z11, which can be interpreted as the [C III] 1907, C III] 1909 doublet and O III] 1666 at z = 10.957+/-0.001 (when the Universe was only ~420 Myr old, or ~3% of its current age). This is consistent with the redshift of the previous grism observations, supporting GN-z11 as the most distant galaxy known to date. Its UV lines likely originate from dense ionized gas that is rarely seen at low redshifts, and its strong [C III] and C III] emission is partly due to an active galactic nucleus (AGN) or enhanced carbon abundance. GN-z11 is luminous and young, yet moderately massive, implying a rapid build-up of stellar mass in the past. Future facilities will be able to find the progenitors of such galaxies at higher redshift and probe the cosmic epoch in the beginning of re-ionization., Published in Nature Astronomy on Dec 14, 2020; 21 pages; authors' version

Published
2020
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